4_Call Flow.pdf
March 27, 2017 | Author: Amit Ranjan | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download 4_Call Flow.pdf...
Description
Call Flow
4 rth February 2015
2015 © Samsung Electronics
1
Table of contents
2015 © Samsung Electronics
Network Elements Network Overview Scenarios VoLTE Basics VoLTE Call Flow
2
Network Architecture
2015 © Samsung Electronics
3
ENB – Interface and Protocol The Protocols that run between UE and eNB are called Access Stratum Protocols or AS Protocols The Protocols that run between UE and Core Network are called as NAS Protocols or Non Access Stratum Protocols
2015 © Samsung Electronics
4
MME – Interface and Protocol
2015 © Samsung Electronics
5
MME – Interface and Protocol
2015 © Samsung Electronics
6
SAE GW – Interface and Protocol
2015 © Samsung Electronics
7
SAE GW – Interface and Protocol
• • • • •
IP Packet is tunneled between P GW and UE using GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTP Each Bearer has associated QCI Each QCI has GBR/ Non GBR, Priority, packet delay , Packet Error Rate defined PCRF decides the Bearer Type P GW performs the DHCP functionality = allocates IP addresses to each UE
2015 © Samsung Electronics
8
VoLTE – Logical Architecture ENUM – Electronic Number Mapping System To translate a telephone number into IP address
2015 © Samsung Electronics
9
VoLTE – Logical Architecture
2015 © Samsung Electronics
10
RJIL Network Overview
2015 © Samsung Electronics
11
LTE reference model NODE
DESCRIPTIONS
eNB
Radio interfaces and radio resource management. Radio bearer control/radio admission control/scheduling of uplink & downlink/ IP header compression and encryption of the user plane data/eNB handover(X2)/pooling between MMEs and eNBs(S1, many-to-many relations)
MME
LTE related control plane signaling Mobility and security functions for devices attaching over the LTE RAN/Management of all the terminals in idle mode including Tracking Area management and paging.
S-GW
Anchoring point for intra-LTE and between GSM/GPRS, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE/ Accounting functions for inter-operator charging and billing settlements.
P-GW
Interconnection point to external IP networks. IP address allocation/charging/packet filtering/policy-based control of user-specific IP flows
PCRF
Policy and Charging Rules Function Flow based charging, including e.g., online credit control and policy control including service authorization and QoS management.
OCS/OFCS
Online Charging System / Offline Charging System
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
12
RJIL Network Architecture(LTE)
SAE-GW = S-GW + P-GW
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
13
Regional Sites (8 Super Core) Setup
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 2014 © Samsung Electronics
14 14
Child Circle Parenting with Regional Sites Haryana Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Delhi Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate Kolkata Super Core Nodes. Similarly, Assam Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Kolkata Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate Delhi Super Core Nodes.
Child Circle Local Circle
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. 2014 © Samsung Electronics
15 15
Basic VoLTE Network Architecture IP Network
LTE Network HSS
EPC Network PCRF
eNB
PSTN PLMN
MME S-GW
HSS
SGW
ENUM MNP
MGCF
CSCF
VCC
MRF
TAS
MGW
P-GW SBC ePDG
IP-SMGW
IMS Network
eNB WiFi AP
EPC IMS (Minimum Set for VoLTE) IMS
SBC : Session Border Controller CSCF : Call Session Control Function VCC : Voice Call Continuity TAS : Telephony Application Server IP-SM-GW : IP-Short Message-Gateway MGCF : Media Gateway Control Function MGW : Media GateWay SGW : Signaling GateWay MRF : Media Resource Function HSS : Home Subscriber Server MNP : Mobile Number Portability
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
16
RJIL Network Architecture(IMS)
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
17
PDN Connectivity & Attach PDN connectivity a type of IP connection including QoS, charging, mobility, security, policy control aspects, as such it is differentiated from the mere IP connection. APN(Access Point Name): a character string that contains a reference to the PDN where the desired services are available. The corresponding PGW is selected by the network based on the given APN.
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
18
QCI table
Dedicate d bearer
Persistent Dedicated bearer
Default bearer
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
19
NW Architecture - Voice/Video Call over LTE IMS Network LTE/EPC Network Dedicated bearer for media
MME
CSCF
SIP Signaling Voice (QCI 1)
UE
PCRF
TAS
QoS control (Voice/Video service info)
eNB
Video (QCI 2)
SAE GW
RTP Voice/Video
BGW
Bearer
Use the same architecture/procedure/protocol with VoLTE
Traffic
– SIP for Signaling using default bearer with QCI-5
Difference with VoLTE – Usage of two dedicated bearers – One for voice (QCI-1) and the other for video (QCI-2)
– Codec used for video : H.264 (H.263 also used in normal commercial network) Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
20
Network Identities
2015 © Samsung Electronics
21
Identities Used in LTE - GUTI GUTI – Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity - is assigned only by the MME during initial attach of a UE to the E-UTRAN – masks the true identity of the subscriber GUTI provides an unambiguous identification of the UE that does not revel the UE’s permanent identity. It also allows identification of the MME and Network to which UE attaches GUTI has to main components - GUMMEI Globally Unique Mobility management Entity Identifier and the M –TMSI that uniquely identifies the UE within the MME For paging, the mobile is paged with the S-TMSI which is a shorter version of GUTI On the S1 Interface, the IMSI is typically not seen just like the GUTI. Exceptions are initial attach when no old GUTI is stored on the USIM card or in paging procedure
2015 © Samsung Electronics
22
Identities Used in LTE - RNTI RNTI – Radio Network Temporary Identifier RNTI is signaled in the MAC Layer. When MAC uses the PDCCH to indicate radio resource allocation, the RNTI is mapped on the PDCCH depends on the logical channel type C- RNTI : Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH and DTCH). It defines which data sent in DL belongs to a particular subscriber – all RRC messages are marked with same C RNTI for a subscriber P- RNTI : Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is derived from IMSI. It does not refer to a particular UE but to a group of UEs. RA- RNTI : Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Random Access Response (RAR) on DL-SCH – assigned to particular UE and is contained in the response from eNode B for PRACH. The UE then uses this RA- RNTI to send RRC Connection Request Temporary C-RNTI for Common Control Channel (CCCH) during random access procedure SI- RNTI : System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) – sent on PDCCH - it signals to all UEs where SIBs are found on PDSCH
RNTI Values
2015 © Samsung Electronics
23
LTE Identities
2015 © Samsung Electronics
24
Bearers
2015 © Samsung Electronics
25
LTE Identifiers
2015 © Samsung Electronics
26
UE Temporary ID’s at different interfaces
2014 © Samsung Electronics
27
S1AP Interface In between eNB and MME, the User can be identified using the S1AP ID’s. eNB-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the eNB side MME-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the MME Side.
2014 © Samsung Electronics
28
GTP Teid’s GTP-C Teid’s (S11 MME GTPC Teid and S11/S4 SGW GTPC Teid) are used as the control plane teid’s at MME and GW respectively. GTP-U Teid’s(S1-U eNB GTPU Teid and S1-U SGW GTPU Teid) are used as the user plane teid’s at eNB and GW respectively.
2014 © Samsung Electronics
29
Diameter Session ID Gx Diameter Session Id can be used to identify the diameter packets related to a particular subscriber session. Gx diameter session Id will be created when the session is created for the subscriber and will stay till the session is available.
2014 © Samsung Electronics
30
Scenarios
2015 © Samsung Electronics
31
Packet Data Flow in LTE
2015 © Samsung Electronics
32
IMS (Schematic Architecture)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
33
3G UMTS Interworking
S3 : MME to SGSN S4: SGW to SGSN
1. LTE natively supports VoIP only using IMS services 2. LTE also supports CSFB Circuit Switched Fallback mechanism which allows CS voice calls to be handled via legacy RAT (Radio Access Technology) for UEs that are camped on LTE 3. This is supported by SGs interface between MME and MSC. This allows the UE to attach to the MSC and register for CS services while still in LTE. It also carries paging messages from the MSC so that UE can be paged over LTE 4. The Network may choose a handover, cell change order or redirection procedure to move UE to the legacy RAT 5. The UE moves to CS services on initiating a CS voice call
2015 © Samsung Electronics
34
CSFB and SRVCC CSFB is a solution for networks that do not have support for IMS VoIP. The Voice Calls are handled by the CS domain and the UE is handed over at the time of a voice call. The MME maps the Tracking Area to the Location Area. Challenge is Call Set Up delay SRVCC is a solution for converting and handing over an IMS VoIP call to a CS voice call without interrupting the call when coverage of LTE is not there with handover interruption time of less than 300 ms SRVCC is a one way handover from LTE to UTRAN/GERAN and the UE may return to LTE when reaching idle state The solution relies on running only one radio at a time i.e. the UE may not communicate with both the Networks. In this solution the MME is connected to the MSC via a Sv interface which is used for control signaling in the SRVCC handover SVLTE Simultaneous Voice and LTE – handset works simultaneously in LTE and circuit switched mode – LTE provides data services and circuit switched mode providing voice services – the mobile phone has high power consumption as two radios run together One additional approach not initiated by operators is usage of OTT services Over the Top Content Services like Skype / Google Talk Additional Interfaces required for 2015interworking © Samsung Electronics with Legacy CS Networks
35
OTT and VoLTE Over the Top (OTT) communication solutions such as Skype
cannot provide fully satisfactory user experience as there are no QoS measures in place There is no handover mechanism to circuit switched network No wide spread interoperability of services between different OTT services and devices No guaranteed emergency support or security measures Cannot provide services like HD Voice
VoLTE has the following advantages Operators can make use of wider capabilities of IP based networks to deliver high capacity and inter operable communication services Can provide HD Voice, Video calling, HD conferencing, IP messaging and contact management Can provide guaranteed end to end QoS, support for emergency services and regulatory services, global interoperability and mobility, interconnect and international roaming Can have fallback options to circuit switched networks
2015 © Samsung Electronics
36
Message Flow for CSFB Call
Figure shows message flow for a CSFB call from LTE to UMTS including paging from the MSC via the SGs interface and MME for UE terminated calls and the sending of an Extended Service Request NAS message from the UE to the MME to trigger either a handover or redirection to the target RAT for UE originated call. 2015 © Samsung Electronics
37
CSFB
2015 © Samsung Electronics
38
SRVCC
2015 © Samsung Electronics
39
E UTRAN Connections
Connections after handover to UTRAN/GERAN
Connections via E-UTRAN
Figure also shows the reference points for inter RAT handover between E-UTRAN, UTRAN and GERAN 2015 © Samsung Electronics
40
SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity If ubiquitous coverage of LTE is not available, it is possible that a UE involved in VoIP call over LTE might then move out of LTE coverage to enter legacy RAT which offers CS voice services The SRVCC is designed for handover of a PS Packet Switched VoIP Call over LTE to a CS voice call involving the transfer of a PS bearer into a CS bearer The eNode B detects UE is moving out of LTE coverage and triggers a handover SRVCC is used for handover from PS VoIP Call to CS Voice Call
2015 © Samsung Electronics
41
E-UTRAN with roaming
2015 © Samsung Electronics
42
VoLGA VoLGA – Voice over LTE via Generic Access Standards Most Operators preferred VOLTE The lack of software support in initial LTE devices as well as core network devices led to a
number of carriers promoting VoLGA as an interim solution The idea was to use same principles as GAN Generic Access Network also known as UMA or unlicensed mobile access which defines the protocols through which a mobile handset can perform voice calls over a customers private internet connection usually over wireless LAN VoLGA however never gained much support because VoLTE promises much more flexible services
2015 © Samsung Electronics
43
WiFi Calling WiFi Calling needs to be enabled both in the device and in the network New integrated functionality in the EPC with the ePDG Evolved Packet Data Gateway in needed to allow untrusted non-3GPP accesses to interwork with the EPC and connect to the IMS Network The ePDG provides security mechanism such as IPsec tunneling of connections
2015 © Samsung Electronics
44
Video Calls over LTE Video Calling
2015 © Samsung Electronics
45
SMS Over LTE There are two options to deliver SMS services over LTE via the existing Short Message Service Center SMS-C SMS over SGs – the device sends and retrieves circuit switched based SMS messages - uses SGs interface between MSC and MME. The device will not fall back to GSM/WCDMA while sending or receiving messages. For SMs over SGs the existing roaming/interconnect agreements may be reused. SMS over IP - the device sends and retrieves SIP packet switched SMS messages - the solution requires an SMS client that uses IMS and SIP stack , an IP Short Message Gateway (IP SM-GW)
SMS over IP SMS is encapsulated & routed via IMS SMS over SGs
2015 © Samsung Electronics
46
IPsec The IP version can be IPv4 or IPv6 In case of VPN traffic IPsec will be used The applications on top of IP in the user plane stack are all protocols of the TCP/IP suite such as File Transfer Protocol FTP, HTTP (web browsing), POP3/SMTP (for e-mail) and Real Time Transport Protocol RTP and SIP for real time services like VoIP While IPsec is used decoding of TCP/UDP frames is not possible due to ciphering used by IPsec
47 2015 © Samsung Electronics
47
VoLTE Basics
2015 © Samsung Electronics
48
IMS Connectivity
2015 © Samsung Electronics
49
On Net Call
SCFX
PCFX
2015 © Samsung Electronics
50
Off Net Voice Call
2015 © Samsung Electronics
51
Emergency Call Flow
2015 © Samsung Electronics
52
On Net SMS
2015 © Samsung Electronics
53
Off Net SMS
2015 © Samsung Electronics
54
VoLTE Requirements
2015 © Samsung Electronics
55
VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements
2015 © Samsung Electronics
56
VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements (Contd)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
57
VoLTE Requirements
2015 © Samsung Electronics
58
User Identities in IMS Network
2015 © Samsung Electronics
59
Bearer Mapping
2015 © Samsung Electronics
60
2015 © Samsung Electronics
61
2015 © Samsung Electronics
62
2015 © Samsung Electronics
63
SIP Cause Codes
2015 © Samsung Electronics
64
SIP Cause Codes (Contd)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
65
SIP Cause Codes (Contd)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
66
2015 © Samsung Electronics
67
2015 © Samsung Electronics
68
Attach Procedure
T300 starts
T300 stops
2015 © Samsung Electronics
69
Attach Procedure
2015 © Samsung Electronics
70
RACH
2015 © Samsung Electronics
71
RACH Trigger (Two Examples)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
72
RRC Connection Request (UpLink) (Two Examples)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
73
RRC Connection Setup (Down Link)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
74
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request
2015 © Samsung Electronics
75
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request
2015 © Samsung Electronics
76
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request
2015 © Samsung Electronics
77
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
78
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request
2015 © Samsung Electronics
79
RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request
2015 © Samsung Electronics
80
2015 © Samsung Electronics
81
2015 © Samsung Electronics
82
2015 © Samsung Electronics
83
2015 © Samsung Electronics
84
2015 © Samsung Electronics
85
Codec Selection
Dedicated Bearer 2015 © Samsung Electronics
86
2015 © Samsung Electronics
87
QoS Negotiation
2015 © Samsung Electronics
88
VoLTE Call Flow
2015 © Samsung Electronics
89
RJIL Initial Attach Request (APN=jionet) UE
eNB
SAE GW
MME
S-GW
P-GW
HSS
SPR
PCRF
OCS
Power on RRC Connection Setup 1. Attach Request(PDN Connectivity Request) IMSI, Initial Request, APN=jionet
LTE Authentication NAS Security Setup
Location Update 2. Create Session Request IMSI, MSISDN, APN=jionet, PCO, Bearer Context (Bearer ID, Bearer QoS – QCI:9, GBR: 0, MBR: 0)
3. UE IP allocation
4. CCR(Indication of IP-CAN Session establishment) Initial Request, Subscription-Id(e.g., IMSI), UE-IP, APN, EventReport, QoS Info(APN-AMBR(UL/DL)), EPS Bearer QoS(QCI, ARP)
5. Profile Request 6. Profile Response User Profile = internet
7. Policy Decision 8. CCA(Acknowledge of IP-CAN Session Establishment) 9. Policy Enforcement
PCC Rule for Default bearer(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN9.1 CCR (Indication of Session, APN=JioNet) AMBR(UL/DL)=50Mbps/100Mbps, Offline, TFT(UL/DL))
10. Create Session Response UE-IP, Default bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN-AMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP)
9.2 CCA (Ack of session, APN=JioNet)
11. Attach Accept(Activate Default EPS bearer Context Request) APN=jionet, UE-IP, Default Bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, UE-AMBR(ULAPNAMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP), PCO, GUTI, TAI-list
12. Policy Enforcement 13. Attach Complete(Activate Default Bearer Context Accept) 14. Modify Bearer Request Bearer ID 15. Modify Bearer Response
Default Bearer(QCI=9) Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
90
RJIL PDN Connectivity Request (APN=ims) OCS
PCRF
PCO option is used by UE during PDP context activation to request for P_CSCF address, DNS server details etc
4.1 CCR & CCA to/from PCRF, APN=ims) 4.2 CCR & CCA to/from OCS, APN=ims)
PCO : Protocol Configuration Option is used to allocate the PCSCF domain name /IP address DNS : Domain Name Server translates hostname into IP address Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
91
RJIL Device view after IMS registration(S-4 mini)
The Jio Join client resides on a 2G/3G/4G LTE Only handsets Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
92
VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message
RACH, Attach, Authentication and Default Bearer Creation QCI 9 and Dedicated Bearer QCI 5 using Jionet APN and IMS APN – both bearers shown (detailed messages already discussed) CCR Credit Control Request CCA Credit Control Answer 2015 © Samsung Electronics
Part 1 of 2 93
VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message
Auth Challenge
UAR : User Authorization Request, UAA : User Authorization Answer MAR : Multimedia Authorization Request, MAA : Multimedia Authorization Answer UDR : Update Data Request, UDA : Update Data Answer SAR : Server Authorization Request, SAA : Server Authorization Answer 2015 © Samsung Electronics
Part 2 of 2
94
RJIL VoLTE Call Flow (UE to UE SIP Msgs) UE
IMS
UE
INVITE (SDP offer) 100 Trying
INVITE (SDP offer) 100 Trying
183 Session Progress (SDP answer) PRACK
Used only when network based ringback is used
183 Session Progress (SDP answer)
200 Ok_PRACK
PRACK 200 Ok_PRACK
180 Ringing
180 Ringing
UPDATE (SDP offer) 200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer) 183 Session Progress
200 Ok_INVITE
UPDATE (SDP offer) 200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer) 200 Ok_INVITE Ack
User alerting Hook off
Ack
RTP/RTCP BYE
BYE
200 Ok_INVITE
200 Ok_INVITE
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
95
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(1) Both Devices are in Idle Mode
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
96
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(2)
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
97
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(3)
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
98
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(4)
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
99
Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(5)
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
100
IMS to PSTN/PLMN call flow
Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
101
VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Originating Side)
RAR : Reauthorization Request, AAR : Authentication Authorization Request, SDP : Session Description Protocol 2015 © Samsung Electronics
102
VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Terminating Side)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
103
VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Initiated message)
2015 © Samsung Electronics
104
VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Received message )
2015 © Samsung Electronics
105
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )
2015 © Samsung Electronics
106
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )
2015 © Samsung Electronics
107
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Terminating
2015 © Samsung Electronics
Side )
108
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Initiated )
2015 © Samsung Electronics
109
VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Received )
2015 © Samsung Electronics
110
MOCN Trial set up
12th Jan 2016
2015 © Samsung Electronics
111
MOCN Trial set up – Schematic Internet
ALU 7750SR SGi
SGi
S1 - U
SAEGW
SGi
OAM
Gx
PCRF
OAM
S11 SGs
MME
Gx
Gx
Gy/Ga
Shared eNB
CCR ( 1+1 )
S6a/ S13
S1 - MME OAM
HP Switch ( 1+1 )
Gy/Ga
Gy/Gz
Juniper M120 SGs
CAG ( 1+1 )
S6a/ S13
OCS / OFCS
SGs
MSC / IWF
S6a/ S13
HSS / EIR
OAM
OSS Interfaces ready for Data call
Interfaces WIP for voice call
DCN NW
Not mandatory for first call
Internet data call successfully tested Voice call testing readiness is in progress 2015 © Samsung Electronics
112
Copyright and Confidentiality Copyright © 2015, SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. SAMSUNG Electronics reserves the right to make changes to the specifications of the products detailed in this document at any time without notice and obligation to notify any person of such changes. Information in this document is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. No information contained here may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics. 2015 © Samsung Electronics
113
View more...
Comments