4_Call Flow.pdf

Call Flow

4 rth February 2015

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Table of contents     

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Network Elements Network Overview Scenarios VoLTE Basics VoLTE Call Flow

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Network Architecture

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ENB – Interface and Protocol The Protocols that run between UE and eNB are called Access Stratum Protocols or AS Protocols The Protocols that run between UE and Core Network are called as NAS Protocols or Non Access Stratum Protocols

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MME – Interface and Protocol

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MME – Interface and Protocol

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SAE GW – Interface and Protocol

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SAE GW – Interface and Protocol

• • • • •

IP Packet is tunneled between P GW and UE using GPRS Tunneling Protocol GTP Each Bearer has associated QCI Each QCI has GBR/ Non GBR, Priority, packet delay , Packet Error Rate defined PCRF decides the Bearer Type P GW performs the DHCP functionality = allocates IP addresses to each UE

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VoLTE – Logical Architecture ENUM – Electronic Number Mapping System To translate a telephone number into IP address

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VoLTE – Logical Architecture

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RJIL Network Overview

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LTE reference model NODE

DESCRIPTIONS

eNB

Radio interfaces and radio resource management. Radio bearer control/radio admission control/scheduling of uplink & downlink/ IP header compression and encryption of the user plane data/eNB handover(X2)/pooling between MMEs and eNBs(S1, many-to-many relations)

MME

LTE related control plane signaling Mobility and security functions for devices attaching over the LTE RAN/Management of all the terminals in idle mode including Tracking Area management and paging.

S-GW

Anchoring point for intra-LTE and between GSM/GPRS, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE/ Accounting functions for inter-operator charging and billing settlements.

P-GW

Interconnection point to external IP networks. IP address allocation/charging/packet filtering/policy-based control of user-specific IP flows

PCRF

Policy and Charging Rules Function Flow based charging, including e.g., online credit control and policy control including service authorization and QoS management.

OCS/OFCS

Online Charging System / Offline Charging System

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RJIL Network Architecture(LTE)

SAE-GW = S-GW + P-GW

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Regional Sites (8 Super Core) Setup

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Child Circle Parenting with Regional Sites  Haryana Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Delhi Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate Kolkata Super Core Nodes.  Similarly, Assam Circle EPC Nodes connecting to Kolkata Super Core Nodes and its Geo Mate Delhi Super Core Nodes.

Child Circle Local Circle

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Basic VoLTE Network Architecture IP Network

LTE Network HSS

EPC Network PCRF

eNB

PSTN PLMN

MME S-GW

HSS

SGW

ENUM MNP

MGCF

CSCF

VCC

MRF

TAS

MGW

P-GW SBC ePDG

IP-SMGW

IMS Network

eNB WiFi AP

EPC IMS (Minimum Set for VoLTE) IMS

SBC : Session Border Controller CSCF : Call Session Control Function VCC : Voice Call Continuity TAS : Telephony Application Server IP-SM-GW : IP-Short Message-Gateway MGCF : Media Gateway Control Function MGW : Media GateWay SGW : Signaling GateWay MRF : Media Resource Function HSS : Home Subscriber Server MNP : Mobile Number Portability

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RJIL Network Architecture(IMS)

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PDN Connectivity & Attach PDN connectivity a type of IP connection including QoS, charging, mobility, security, policy control aspects, as such it is differentiated from the mere IP connection. APN(Access Point Name): a character string that contains a reference to the PDN where the desired services are available. The corresponding PGW is selected by the network based on the given APN.

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QCI table

Dedicate d bearer

Persistent Dedicated bearer

Default bearer

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NW Architecture - Voice/Video Call over LTE IMS Network LTE/EPC Network Dedicated bearer for media

MME

CSCF

SIP Signaling Voice (QCI 1)

UE

PCRF

TAS

QoS control (Voice/Video service info)

eNB

Video (QCI 2)

SAE GW

RTP Voice/Video

BGW

Bearer

Use the same architecture/procedure/protocol with VoLTE

Traffic

– SIP for Signaling using default bearer with QCI-5

Difference with VoLTE – Usage of two dedicated bearers – One for voice (QCI-1) and the other for video (QCI-2)

– Codec used for video : H.264 (H.263 also used in normal commercial network) Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

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Network Identities

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Identities Used in LTE - GUTI  GUTI – Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity - is assigned only by the MME during initial attach of a UE to the E-UTRAN – masks the true identity of the subscriber  GUTI provides an unambiguous identification of the UE that does not revel the UE’s permanent identity. It also allows identification of the MME and Network to which UE attaches  GUTI has to main components - GUMMEI Globally Unique Mobility management Entity Identifier and the M –TMSI that uniquely identifies the UE within the MME  For paging, the mobile is paged with the S-TMSI which is a shorter version of GUTI  On the S1 Interface, the IMSI is typically not seen just like the GUTI. Exceptions are initial attach when no old GUTI is stored on the USIM card or in paging procedure

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Identities Used in LTE - RNTI  RNTI – Radio Network Temporary Identifier  RNTI is signaled in the MAC Layer. When MAC uses the PDCCH to indicate radio resource allocation, the RNTI is mapped on the PDCCH depends on the logical channel type  C- RNTI : Temporary Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH and DTCH). It defines which data sent in DL belongs to a particular subscriber – all RRC messages are marked with same C RNTI for a subscriber  P- RNTI : Paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is derived from IMSI. It does not refer to a particular UE but to a group of UEs.  RA- RNTI : Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Random Access Response (RAR) on DL-SCH – assigned to particular UE and is contained in the response from eNode B for PRACH. The UE then uses this RA- RNTI to send RRC Connection Request  Temporary C-RNTI for Common Control Channel (CCCH) during random access procedure  SI- RNTI : System Information Radio Network Temporary Identifier for Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) – sent on PDCCH - it signals to all UEs where SIBs are found on PDSCH

RNTI Values

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LTE Identities

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Bearers

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LTE Identifiers

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UE Temporary ID’s at different interfaces

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S1AP Interface  In between eNB and MME, the User can be identified using the S1AP ID’s.  eNB-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the eNB side  MME-UE-S1AP ID is the S1AP ID terminating at the MME Side.

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GTP Teid’s  GTP-C Teid’s (S11 MME GTPC Teid and S11/S4 SGW GTPC Teid) are used as the control plane teid’s at MME and GW respectively.  GTP-U Teid’s(S1-U eNB GTPU Teid and S1-U SGW GTPU Teid) are used as the user plane teid’s at eNB and GW respectively.

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Diameter Session ID  Gx Diameter Session Id can be used to identify the diameter packets related to a particular subscriber session.  Gx diameter session Id will be created when the session is created for the subscriber and will stay till the session is available.

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Scenarios

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Packet Data Flow in LTE

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IMS (Schematic Architecture)

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3G UMTS Interworking

S3 : MME to SGSN S4: SGW to SGSN

1. LTE natively supports VoIP only using IMS services 2. LTE also supports CSFB Circuit Switched Fallback mechanism which allows CS voice calls to be handled via legacy RAT (Radio Access Technology) for UEs that are camped on LTE 3. This is supported by SGs interface between MME and MSC. This allows the UE to attach to the MSC and register for CS services while still in LTE. It also carries paging messages from the MSC so that UE can be paged over LTE 4. The Network may choose a handover, cell change order or redirection procedure to move UE to the legacy RAT 5. The UE moves to CS services on initiating a CS voice call

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CSFB and SRVCC  CSFB is a solution for networks that do not have support for IMS VoIP.  The Voice Calls are handled by the CS domain and the UE is handed over at the time of a voice call. The MME maps the Tracking Area to the Location Area.  Challenge is Call Set Up delay  SRVCC is a solution for converting and handing over an IMS VoIP call to a CS voice call without interrupting the call when coverage of LTE is not there with handover interruption time of less than 300 ms  SRVCC is a one way handover from LTE to UTRAN/GERAN and the UE may return to LTE when reaching idle state  The solution relies on running only one radio at a time i.e. the UE may not communicate with both the Networks.  In this solution the MME is connected to the MSC via a Sv interface which is used for control signaling in the SRVCC handover  SVLTE Simultaneous Voice and LTE – handset works simultaneously in LTE and circuit switched mode – LTE provides data services and circuit switched mode providing voice services – the mobile phone has high power consumption as two radios run together  One additional approach not initiated by operators is usage of OTT services Over the Top Content Services like Skype / Google Talk Additional Interfaces required for 2015interworking © Samsung Electronics with Legacy CS Networks

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OTT and VoLTE  Over the Top (OTT) communication solutions such as Skype     

cannot provide fully satisfactory user experience as there are no QoS measures in place There is no handover mechanism to circuit switched network No wide spread interoperability of services between different OTT services and devices No guaranteed emergency support or security measures Cannot provide services like HD Voice

 VoLTE has the following advantages  Operators can make use of wider capabilities of IP based networks to deliver high capacity and inter operable communication services  Can provide HD Voice, Video calling, HD conferencing, IP messaging and contact management  Can provide guaranteed end to end QoS, support for emergency services and regulatory services, global interoperability and mobility, interconnect and international roaming  Can have fallback options to circuit switched networks

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Message Flow for CSFB Call

Figure shows message flow for a CSFB call from LTE to UMTS including paging from the MSC via the SGs interface and MME for UE terminated calls and the sending of an Extended Service Request NAS message from the UE to the MME to trigger either a handover or redirection to the target RAT for UE originated call. 2015 © Samsung Electronics

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CSFB

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SRVCC

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E UTRAN Connections

Connections after handover to UTRAN/GERAN

Connections via E-UTRAN

Figure also shows the reference points for inter RAT handover between E-UTRAN, UTRAN and GERAN 2015 © Samsung Electronics

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SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity  If ubiquitous coverage of LTE is not available, it is possible that a UE involved in VoIP call over LTE might then move out of LTE coverage to enter legacy RAT which offers CS voice services  The SRVCC is designed for handover of a PS Packet Switched VoIP Call over LTE to a CS voice call involving the transfer of a PS bearer into a CS bearer  The eNode B detects UE is moving out of LTE coverage and triggers a handover  SRVCC is used for handover from PS VoIP Call to CS Voice Call

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E-UTRAN with roaming

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VoLGA  VoLGA – Voice over LTE via Generic Access Standards  Most Operators preferred VOLTE  The lack of software support in initial LTE devices as well as core network devices led to a

number of carriers promoting VoLGA as an interim solution  The idea was to use same principles as GAN Generic Access Network also known as UMA or unlicensed mobile access which defines the protocols through which a mobile handset can perform voice calls over a customers private internet connection usually over wireless LAN  VoLGA however never gained much support because VoLTE promises much more flexible services

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WiFi Calling  WiFi Calling needs to be enabled both in the device and in the network  New integrated functionality in the EPC with the ePDG Evolved Packet Data Gateway in needed to allow untrusted non-3GPP accesses to interwork with the EPC and connect to the IMS Network  The ePDG provides security mechanism such as IPsec tunneling of connections

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Video Calls over LTE  Video Calling

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SMS Over LTE  There are two options to deliver SMS services over LTE via the existing Short Message Service Center SMS-C  SMS over SGs – the device sends and retrieves circuit switched based SMS messages - uses SGs interface between MSC and MME. The device will not fall back to GSM/WCDMA while sending or receiving messages. For SMs over SGs the existing roaming/interconnect agreements may be reused.  SMS over IP - the device sends and retrieves SIP packet switched SMS messages - the solution requires an SMS client that uses IMS and SIP stack , an IP Short Message Gateway (IP SM-GW)

SMS over IP SMS is encapsulated & routed via IMS SMS over SGs

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IPsec  The IP version can be IPv4 or IPv6  In case of VPN traffic IPsec will be used  The applications on top of IP in the user plane stack are all protocols of the TCP/IP suite such as File Transfer Protocol FTP, HTTP (web browsing), POP3/SMTP (for e-mail) and Real Time Transport Protocol RTP and SIP for real time services like VoIP  While IPsec is used decoding of TCP/UDP frames is not possible due to ciphering used by IPsec

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VoLTE Basics

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IMS Connectivity

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On Net Call

SCFX

PCFX

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Off Net Voice Call

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Emergency Call Flow

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On Net SMS

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Off Net SMS

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VoLTE Requirements

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VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements

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VoLTE Ecosystem Requirements (Contd)

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VoLTE Requirements

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User Identities in IMS Network

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Bearer Mapping

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SIP Cause Codes

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SIP Cause Codes (Contd)

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SIP Cause Codes (Contd)

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Attach Procedure

T300 starts

T300 stops

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Attach Procedure

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RACH

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RACH Trigger (Two Examples)

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RRC Connection Request (UpLink) (Two Examples)

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RRC Connection Setup (Down Link)

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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request

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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request

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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request

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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink)

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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request

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RRC Connection Setup Complete (Uplink) Attach Request

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Codec Selection

Dedicated Bearer 2015 © Samsung Electronics

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QoS Negotiation

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VoLTE Call Flow

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RJIL Initial Attach Request (APN=jionet) UE

eNB

SAE GW

MME

S-GW

P-GW

HSS

SPR

PCRF

OCS

Power on RRC Connection Setup 1. Attach Request(PDN Connectivity Request) IMSI, Initial Request, APN=jionet

LTE Authentication NAS Security Setup

Location Update 2. Create Session Request IMSI, MSISDN, APN=jionet, PCO, Bearer Context (Bearer ID, Bearer QoS – QCI:9, GBR: 0, MBR: 0)

3. UE IP allocation

4. CCR(Indication of IP-CAN Session establishment) Initial Request, Subscription-Id(e.g., IMSI), UE-IP, APN, EventReport, QoS Info(APN-AMBR(UL/DL)), EPS Bearer QoS(QCI, ARP)

5. Profile Request 6. Profile Response User Profile = internet

7. Policy Decision 8. CCA(Acknowledge of IP-CAN Session Establishment) 9. Policy Enforcement

PCC Rule for Default bearer(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN9.1 CCR (Indication of Session, APN=JioNet) AMBR(UL/DL)=50Mbps/100Mbps, Offline, TFT(UL/DL))

10. Create Session Response UE-IP, Default bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, APN-AMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP)

9.2 CCA (Ack of session, APN=JioNet)

11. Attach Accept(Activate Default EPS bearer Context Request) APN=jionet, UE-IP, Default Bearer QoS(QCI=9, ARP=1, UE-AMBR(ULAPNAMBR(UL)=50Mbps, TFT(UL)=(UE IP, *, SIP, *, UDP), PCO, GUTI, TAI-list

12. Policy Enforcement 13. Attach Complete(Activate Default Bearer Context Accept) 14. Modify Bearer Request Bearer ID 15. Modify Bearer Response

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RJIL PDN Connectivity Request (APN=ims) OCS

PCRF

PCO option is used by UE during PDP context activation to request for P_CSCF address, DNS server details etc

4.1 CCR & CCA to/from PCRF, APN=ims) 4.2 CCR & CCA to/from OCS, APN=ims)

PCO : Protocol Configuration Option is used to allocate the PCSCF domain name /IP address DNS : Domain Name Server translates hostname into IP address Samsung Confidential and Proprietary Information. All Contents Copyright ⓒ 2011 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

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RJIL Device view after IMS registration(S-4 mini)

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VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message

RACH, Attach, Authentication and Default Bearer Creation QCI 9 and Dedicated Bearer QCI 5 using Jionet APN and IMS APN – both bearers shown (detailed messages already discussed) CCR Credit Control Request CCA Credit Control Answer 2015 © Samsung Electronics

Part 1 of 2 93

VoLTE - UE Attachment and IMS Registration message

Auth Challenge

UAR : User Authorization Request, UAA : User Authorization Answer MAR : Multimedia Authorization Request, MAA : Multimedia Authorization Answer UDR : Update Data Request, UDA : Update Data Answer SAR : Server Authorization Request, SAA : Server Authorization Answer 2015 © Samsung Electronics

Part 2 of 2

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RJIL VoLTE Call Flow (UE to UE SIP Msgs) UE

IMS

UE

INVITE (SDP offer) 100 Trying

INVITE (SDP offer) 100 Trying

183 Session Progress (SDP answer) PRACK

Used only when network based ringback is used

183 Session Progress (SDP answer)

200 Ok_PRACK

PRACK 200 Ok_PRACK

180 Ringing

180 Ringing

UPDATE (SDP offer) 200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer) 183 Session Progress

200 Ok_INVITE

UPDATE (SDP offer) 200 Ok_UPDATE (SDP answer) 200 Ok_INVITE Ack

User alerting Hook off

Ack

RTP/RTCP BYE

BYE

200 Ok_INVITE

200 Ok_INVITE

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(1) Both Devices are in Idle Mode

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(2)

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(3)

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(4)

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Case Study : M to M VoLTE call(5)

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IMS to PSTN/PLMN call flow

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VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Originating Side)

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VoLTE - UE to UE Call establishment (Terminating Side)

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VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Initiated message)

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VoLTE - UE to UE Call clearing (Received message )

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VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )

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VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Originating Side )

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VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call establishment (Terminating

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Side )

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VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Initiated )

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VoLTE - VoLTE UE to CS call Clearing (Received )

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MOCN Trial set up

12th Jan 2016

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MOCN Trial set up – Schematic Internet

ALU 7750SR SGi

SGi

S1 - U

SAEGW

SGi

OAM

Gx

PCRF

OAM

S11 SGs

MME

Gx

Gx

Gy/Ga

Shared eNB

CCR ( 1+1 )

S6a/ S13

S1 - MME OAM

HP Switch ( 1+1 )

Gy/Ga

Gy/Gz

Juniper M120 SGs

CAG ( 1+1 )

S6a/ S13

OCS / OFCS

SGs

MSC / IWF

S6a/ S13

HSS / EIR

OAM

OSS Interfaces ready for Data call

Interfaces WIP for voice call

DCN NW

Not mandatory for first call

Internet data call successfully tested Voice call testing readiness is in progress 2015 © Samsung Electronics

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Copyright and Confidentiality Copyright © 2015, SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. SAMSUNG Electronics reserves the right to make changes to the specifications of the products detailed in this document at any time without notice and obligation to notify any person of such changes. Information in this document is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. No information contained here may be copied, translated, transcribed or duplicated by any form without the prior written consent of SAMSUNG Electronics. 2015 © Samsung Electronics

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