3D PRINTING Literature Review

2.Literature review review on 3d printing: A Study of the State-of-the-Art Rapid Prototyping Technologies [1]Each rapid prototyping (RP)

 process has its special and unique advantages and disadvantages. The The paper presents a state-of-the-art study of RP technologies and classifies roadly all the different types of rapid prototyping !ethods. "usequently# "usequently# the funda!ental principles and technological li!itations of different !ethods of RP are closely e$a!ined. % co!parison co!parison of the present and ulti!ate perfor!ance of the rapid prototyping  processes is !ade so as to highlight the possiility of future i!prove!ents for a ne& generation generation of RP syste!s. 'ives a general overvie& of current rapid prototyping techniques including droplet deposition (*). Anisotropic Anisotrop ic aterial  aterial properties properties of fused deposition odeling A!S [+]Rapid Prototyping

technologies provide the aility to faricate initial prototypes fro! various !odel !aterials. "tratasys used eposition *odeling (*) is a typical RP process that can faricate prototypes out of %,"  plastic. To predict the !echanical ehavior of * parts# it is critical to understand the !aterial  properties of the ra& * process !aterial# and the effect that * uild para!eters have on anisotropic !aterial properties. This paper characteries the properties of %," parts faricated y the * 1/0. sing a esign of E$peri!ent approach# the process para!eters of *# such as raster orientation# air gap# ead &idth# color# and !odel te!perature &ere e$a!ined. Tensile Tensile strengths and co!pressive strengths of directionally faricated speci!ens &ere !easured and co!pared &ith in2ection !olded * %," P300 !aterial. or the * parts !ade &ith a 0.004 inch overlap  et&een roads# the typical tensile strength ranged et&een /5 and 6+5 6+5 of the strength of in2ection !olded %," %," P300. The co!pressive strength ranged fro! 705 to 805 of the in2ection !olded * %,". "everal uild rules for designing * parts &ere for!ulated ased on e$peri!ental results. "easureent of anisotropic copressive strength of rapid prototyping parts [4]Rapid prototyping

(RP) technologies provide the aility to faricate initial prototypes fro! various !odel !aterials. used deposition !odeling (*) and 4 printer are co!!ercial RP processes &hile nano co!posite deposition syste! (9:") is an RP tested syste! that uses nano co!posites !aterials as the part !aterial. To predict the !echanical ehavior of parts !ade y RP# !easure!ent of the !aterial  properties of the RP !aterial !aterial is i!portant. Each process &as characteries y process para!eters such 1

as raster orientation# air gap# ead &idth# color# and !odel te!perature for *. 4 printer and  9:" had different process para!eters. "peci!ens to !easure co!pressive strengths of the three RP  processes &ere faricated# and !ost of the! sho&ed anisotropic co!pressive properties. Paraetric appraisal of echanical property of fused deposition odelling processed parts [3]

used deposition !odelling (*) is a fast gro&ing rapid prototyping (RP) technology due to its aility to uild functional parts having co!ple$ geo!etrical shape in reasonale ti!e period. The quality of uilt parts depends on !any process variales. ;n this study# five i!portant process  para!eters such as layer thic%). Response surface plots for each response is analysed and opti!al para!eter setting for each response is deter!ined. The !a2or reason for &ea< strength !ay e attriuted to distortion &ithin or et&een the layers. inally# concept of desiraility function is used for !a$i!iing all responses si!ultaneously. "echanical characteri#ation of parts fa$ricated using fused deposition odeling [/]?ayered

!anufacturing is an evolution of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques &here the part is uilt in layers. @hile !ost of the previous applications focused on uilding AprototypesB# recent develop!ents in this field enaled so!e of the prototyping !ethods to achieve an agile farication technology to produce the final product directly. % shift fro! prototyping to !anufacturing of the final product necessitates  roadening of the !aterial choice# i!prove!ent of the surface quality# di!ensional staility# and achieving the necessary !echanical properties to !eet the perfor!ance criteria. The current study is  part of an ongoing pro2ect to adapt fused deposition !odeling to farication of cera!ic and !ultifunctional co!ponents. This paper presents a !ethodology of the !echanical characteriation of  products faricated using fused deposition !odeling. "echanical $ehavior of acrylonitrile $utadiene styrene %A!S& fused deposition aterials. '(periental investigation[]%n e$peri!ental study of the !echanical ehavior of fused-deposition

() %," plastic !aterials is descried. Elastic !oduli and strength values are deter!ined for the %," !onofila!ent feedstoc< and various unidirectional -%," !aterials. The results sho& a reduction of 11 to 46 per cent in !odulus and ++ to /6 per cent in strength for -%," !aterials

2

relative to the %," !onofila!ent. These reductions occur due to the presence of voids and a loss of !olecular orientation during the  e$trusion process. The results can e used to ench!ar< co!putational !odels for stiffness and strength as a function of the processing para!eters for use in co!putationally opti!iing the !echanical perfor!ance of -%," !aterials in functional applications. '(periental investigation and epirical odelling of )*" process for copressive strength iproveent [6]used deposition !odelling (*) is gaining distinct advantage in !anufacturing

industries ecause of its aility to !anufacture parts &ith co!ple$ shapes &ithout any tooling require!ent and hu!an interface. The properties of * uilt parts e$hiit high dependence on  process para!eters and can e i!proved y setting para!eters at suitale levels. %nisotropic and  rittle nature of uild part !a