แกะรอยวิถีแห่งโตโยต้า คู่มือภาคสนาม (The Toyota Way Fieldbook) THAI Version - Sample

April 7, 2017 | Author: E.I.SQUARE PUBLISHING | Category: N/A
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ÊÔ觷Õè´ÙàËÁ×͹¢Ñ´áŒ§¡Ñ¹¢Í§ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ (THE TOYOTA WAY) ¡ç¤×Í áÁŒÇ‹Ò¨Ð໚¹¡ÒûÃѺ»ÃاáÅÐà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÍÂًµÅÍ´àÇÅÒÍ‹ҧµ‹Íà¹×èͧ ᵋá¹Ç¤Ô´ËÅÑ¡ ¡ÅѺÂѧ¤§àËÁ×͹à´ÔÁäÁ‹à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ à¾ÃÒÐàÃÒ¡íÒÅѧàÃÕ¹Ãٌ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃã¹á§‹ÁØÁãËÁ‹æ áÅСíÒÅѧÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒùíÒä»»ÃÐÂØ¡µãªŒã¹Ê¶Ò¹¡Ò󏵋ҧæ ÍÂًÍ‹ҧµ‹Íà¹×èͧ áÁŒÇ‹Ò àÃÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒ㨷ÕèÅÖ¡«Öé§ÁÒ¡ÂÔ觢Öé¹áÅŒÇ “¾×é¹°Ò¹” «Öè§à»š¹µÑǪÕéá¹Ð¡ÒõѴÊÔ¹ã¨áÅÐ ÇÔ¸Õ¡Òõ‹Ò§æ ¹Ñé¹ ¡çÂѧ¤§à»š¹ÊÔ觷ÕèàÃÒÂÖ´¶×ÍÍÂًàÊÁÍ

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ÊÔ§è Ë¹Ö§è ·Õ´è àÙ ËÁ×͹¨Ð·íÒãˌËÅÒÂæ ¤¹·Õàè ÃÒÊ͹áÅÐãˌ¤Òí »ÃÖ¡ÉÒÃÙʌ ¡Ö »ÃÐËÅҴ㨠Í‹ Ò §ÁÒ¡¡ç ¤× Í ¤ÇÒÁÂÒ¡Åí Ò ºÒ¡·Õè á ÁŒ á µ‹ Toyota àͧ¡ç ÂÑ § µŒ Í §à¼ªÔ ­ 㹡Ò÷í Ò ãˌ ÇÔ ¶Õ á ˋ § âµâµŒ Ò ¹Õé ¡ ÅÒÂ໚ ¹ ÊÒ¡Å àÁ×è Í ¾Ô ¨ ÒóÒÊÑ ­ ÅÑ ¡ ɳ ·Õè à »š ¹ µÑ Ç á·¹¢Í§Ãкº ¡ÒüÅԵẺâµâµŒÒ (Toyota Production System : TPS) ·ÕèÍÂًã¹á¶ºÍàÁÃÔ¡Òà˹×Í «Öè§ä´Œá¡‹ âç§Ò¹ Toyota ã¹àÁ×ͧ Georgetown ÃÑ° Kentucky; NUMMI ºÃÔÉѷËÇÁ·Ø¹ ÃÐËNj Ò §âµâµŒ Ò áÅÐ General Motor ·Õè Í Âً ã ¹ÃÑ ° California; áÅкÃÔ ÉÑ · Denso ¼ÙŒ¨Ñ´Ê‹§Çѵ¶Ø´ÔºÃÒÂãË­‹ÊØ´¢Í§ Toyota «Öè§ÍÂًã¹àÁ×ͧ Battlecreek ÃÑ° Michigan ·Ñé§ 3 áˋ§¹Õé䴌àÃÔèÁàÃÕ¹ÃٌÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ¡Ñ¹ã¹ª‹Ç§»‚ 2000 ¢³Ð·Õè¾Ç¡à¢Ò¡íÒÅѧàµÔºâµ ¢Öé¹Í‹ҧÃÇ´àÃçÇáÅСíÒÅѧµŒÍ§ÃѺÁ×͡Ѻáç§Ò¹áÅФ³Ð¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒ÷Õè¡íÒÅѧà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ áÅзÑé§ 3 áˋ§¡ç¡ÅŒÒ·Õè¨Ðʋ§àÊÃÔÁá¹Ç¤Ô´à¡ÕèÂǡѺÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ¹Õéãˌ¢Öé¹ÊًÃдѺ·ÕèÊÙ§¢Öé¹ áÅТ³Ð¹Õé¡ç¡íÒÅѧ¡ŒÒǵ‹Íä»ÊًÃдѺ·ÕèÊÒÁÒö¾Ö觾ҵ¹àͧ䴌 (Self-sufficiency) ¢Í§ ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ«Öè§à»š¹ÃдѺ·ÕèÊÙ§ÂÔ觢Öé¹ä»ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ

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Êí Ò ËÃѺ ÀÒ¹͡à¤Ã× Í ºÃÔ ÉÑ· Toyota áŌ Ç ¤ÇÒÁ·Œ Ò ·Ò¹Ñé¹ ¡ÅÒÂ໚ ¹ àÃ×è Í § ¢Í§¡ÒÃ͸ԺÒÂá¹Ç¤Ô´«Öè§àÃÕ¹Ãٌ¼‹Ò¹¡Òþٴ¶Ö§«éíÒæ º‹ÍÂæ ᵋ¡ÅѺäÁ‹Í¸ÔºÒ¶֧ “¡® «Öè§à»š¹¨ÃÔ§àÊÁ͔ àÅ áÅÐäÁ‹ä´ŒÁÕà¾Õ§ “˹·Ò§à´ÕÂǔ ·Õè¨ÐÊÒÁÒö´íÒà¹Ô¹¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃẺÅչ䴌¡Ñº¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃã´æ ´ŒÇ 㹷ŒÒ·ÕèÊØ´àÃÒ¨Ö§ÊÃØ»ä´ŒÇ‹Ò ÁÕºÒ§ÊÔ觷Õè¤ÃÙ ¼ÙŒ¶‹Ò·ʹ (Sensei) Ãкº¡ÒüÅԵẺâµâµŒÒࡋ§æ ÃٌáÅÐࢌÒã¨ä´Œ´Õâ´ÂÊÑ­ªÒµ­Ò³ ᵋ¾Ç¡à¢Ò “äÁ‹ÃٌNjҵ¹àͧÃٌ䴌Í‹ҧäÔ áÅйÕè¡ç·íÒãˌà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁ·ŒÒ·Òµ‹Íà¹×èͧ ä»ÍÕ¡Ç‹Ò ·íÒÍ‹ҧäè֧¨ÐÊÒÁÒöÊ×èÍÊÒÃáÅж‹Ò·ʹÊÔè§àËŋҹÕéãˌ¤¹Í×è¹æ 䴌Í‹ҧ ÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸Ô¼Å

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«éíÒ«Ò¡ ᵋÁѹ¡çª‹ ǾѲ¹Ò¤¹ãˌÊÒÁÒö༪ԭ䴌¡Ñ º·Ø¡Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒóáÅÐÃٌá¹Ç·Ò§ ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹·Õè¶Ù¡µŒÍ§àËÁÒÐÊÁ䴌 áÅÐÂѧª‹Ç¾Ѳ¹Ò¤¹·Õèàª×èÍã¹ “¡Ö빔 ¢Í§µÑÇàͧáÅÐ “Ãٌ ” Nj Ò ÍÐäÃ¤× Í ÊÔè § ·Õè ¶Ù ¡ µŒ Í §àËÁÒÐÊÁ·Õè ¤ Çèзí Ò µ‹ Í ä»ãˌ à ¡‹ § ÂÔè § ¢Öé ¹ ÍÕ ¡ ´Œ Ç Â àÃ×è Í §¹Õé ¶× Í Ç‹ Ò Êí Ò ¤Ñ ­ à¾ÃÒоǡà¢Ò¨ÐµŒ Í §à»š ¹ ¼ÙŒ ·Õè ·í Ò ãˌ ¤ ¹·Õè ä Á‹ à ª×è Í áÅÐäÁ‹ Ãٌ à Ã×è Í § á¶ÁÂÑ § »ÃÒö¹Ò·Õè¨Ðà´Ô¹µ‹Íä»ã¹·Ò§à¡‹Ò¹Ñé¹ à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàª×èÍÁÑè¹¢Öé¹´ŒÇÂ

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˹ѧÊ×ÍàŋÁ¹Õé໚¹¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁÃٻẺ˹Öè§ã¹¡ÒÃãˌ¤ÇÒÁ¡ÃШ‹Ò§à¡ÕèÂǡѺ ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒäÇÒÁ¤Ô ´ Ẻ·Õè Toyota 㪌 Í Âً áÅзí Ò ãˌ à Ëç ¹ 䴌 ªÑ ´ ¢Öé ¹ Nj Ò á¹Ç¤Ô ´ àËŋ Ò ¹Ñé ¹ ¶Ù ¡ ¹í Ò ä»»ÃÐÂØ ¡ µ á ÅÐ㪌 Ê ÃŒ Ò §¤ÇÒÁÊí Ò àÃç ¨ ¤ÃÑé § ãË­‹ ´Ñ § ·Õè Toyota ºÃÃÅØ Í Âً ä ´Œ Í‹ҧäà â´ÂàÃÒ¨ÐÁ؋§à¹Œ¹ä»·ÕèÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒäԴà¡ÕèÂǡѺ¡Ãкǹ¡ÒÃáÅÐÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜­ËÒ «Ö觤س¨Ð䴌¾ºà¨Í¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁ·ŒÒ·Òµ‹Ò§æ ÁÒ¡ÁÒµÅÍ´¡Ãкǹ¡ÒùÕé áÅШ§¨íÒ ¤í Ò àµ× Í ¹áÅФí Ò ·Œ Ò ·Ò·Õè Toyota ¡Å‹ Ò Ç໚ ¹ »ÃШí Ò änj à ÊÁÍ ¹Ñè ¹ ¤× Í “Åͧ´Ù ÊÔ ” áÅÐ “·íÒãˌÊØ´½‚Á×͹Д

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¡ÃÐáʢͧá¹Ç¤Ô´áººÅÕ¹ (Lean Thinking) ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂäÁ‹ãª‹¸ÃÃÁ´ÒáÅŒÇ ¨Ò¡ÂÍ´¾ÔÁ¾¢Í§ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ : The Toyota Way ·Õè䴌ÃѺ¡ÒõͺÃѺ໚¹Í‹ҧ´Õ µÑé § ᵋ ¡ ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ¾Ô Á ¾ ¤ ÃÑé § áᨹÁÒ¶Ö § »˜ ¨ ¨Ø ºÑ ¹ ¹Ñè ¹ ໚ ¹ ÊÔè § ·Õè ¾Ô ÊÙ ¨ ¹ ä ´Œ Nj Ò ¤ÇÒÁµÃÐË¹Ñ ¡ ¢Í§ÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁä·Âã¹ÁØÁÁͧ¢Í§á¹Ç¤Ô´áººÅÕ¹·ÕèÁÕµ‹Í¡ÃÐáÊâÅ¡ÒÀÔÇѵ¹ ˹ѧÊ×Í àŋÁ¹Õé䴌¡Ãе،¹ãˌÍصÊÒË¡ÃÃÁä·Â䴌¡ÅѺÁÒàÃÕ¹Ãٌ¶Ö§á¹Ç¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´áÅÐͧ¤¤ÇÒÁÃٌ ·ÕèºÃÔÉÑ·ÃдѺâÅ¡Í‹ҧâµâµŒÒ䴌»¯ÔºÑµÔÁÒ໚¹àÇÅÒÁÒ¡Ç‹Ò 80 »‚ àÁ×èͶ֧àÇÅÒÍѹÊÁ¤Çà ˹ѧÊ×Íá¹Ç¤Ô´áººÅÕ¹ : Lean Thinking (·Õè¨Ñ´¾ÔÁ¾ÁÒ¡‹Í¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í The Toyota Way) ¡ç¶Ù¡á»Å໚¹ÀÒÉÒä·Âà¾×è͵‹ÍÂÍ´¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´áººÅÕ¹·Õè໚¹ÃÒ¡°Ò¹¢Í§ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§ âµâµŒÒ ᵋ¹Ñ蹡çÂѧ¤§äÁ‹¾Í à¾ÃÒФ§¨ÐäÁ‹ÁÕ˹ѧÊ×ÍàŋÁä˹·ÕèºÍ¡·Ø¡Í‹ҧ¤Ãºã¹ àŋÁà´ÕÂÇ áÅзÕèÊíҤѭ “¤ÇÒÁÃٌ¨ÐäÁ‹ÁÕº·ÊØ´·ŒÒ ËÃ×ÍàŋÁÊØ´·ŒÒ µÃÒº¨¹âÅ¡ ÁÅÒÂÊÔé¹ä»” ᵋ¤¹Ê‹Ç¹ãË­‹ (ÍÒ¨¨Ð໚¹à¾ÃÒФÇÒÁäÁ‹à¢ŒÒã¨ËÃ×Í໚¹ÇѲ¹¸ÃÃÁã¹ ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹ËÃ×Í¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹Ãٌ¢Í§Êѧ¤Áä·Â) ªÍºËÒÍÐäÃ໚¹ÊÙµÃÊíÒàÃç¨ã¹àŋÁà´ÕÂÇ ËÃ×Í ¨Ò¡»ÃÐʺ¡Òó¢Í§¤¹æ à´ÕÂÇ «Öè§äÁ‹ÁÕÊÔ觷Õ赌ͧ¡ÒÃàËŋҹÑé¹ã¹µÅÒ´ ¶Ö§ÁÕ˹ѧÊ×Í àËŋҹÑé¹ÍÍ¡ÁÒ¡ç㪌䴌äÁ‹µÅÍ´ Âѧ¤§µŒÍ§¢Ç¹¢ÇÒÂËҡѹãËÁ‹ÍÂً´Õ

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ËÒ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡»ÃÐÇѵÔÈÒʵϢͧ Toyota áŌǨоºÇ‹Ò ¼ÅÊíÒàÃ稢ͧ¡ÒáŒÒÇ ¢Öé¹ÁÒ໚¹ºÃÔÉÑ·ÃдѺâÅ¡¹Ñé¹äÁ‹ä´ŒÁÒ¨Ò¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅÐ͋ҹ˹ѧÊ×ͨҡáËŋ§à´ÕÂÇËÃ×Í àŋÁà´ÕÂÇ áµ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏáÅСÅÑ蹡ÃͧàªÔ§ÇÔªÒ¡Òèҡ˹ѧÊ×ÍËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂàŋÁ áÅлÃÐʺ¡ÒóÁÒ¡ÁÒ¨ҡËÅÒ¤¹ËÅÒºÃÔÉÑ· ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃÊÌҧ “ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ” ËÃ×Í “ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§ÅÕ¹” ¢Í§¤Ø³¨Ö§à»š¹¡ÒÃàÃÕ¹Ãٌ·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕÇѹ¨ºÊÔé¹ ËÒ¡¤Ø³ÂѧÁͧËÒ˹ѧÊ×Í áÅÐÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃËÃ×Í¢ŒÍ»¯ÔºÑµÔ·Õè´Õ·ÕèÊØ´à¾×èÍ·Õè¨Ðᡌ»˜­ËÒ੾ÒÐ˹ŒÒËÃ×Íà¾Õ§ᤋµÒÁ¡ÃÐáÊ ¢Í§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ ¼Á¡çàª×èÍNjҤس¡çÂѧ¤§ÅŒÒËÅѧ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÍÂًÁÒ¡ ¼Á䴌 à ½‡ Ò ÊÑ § ࡵ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè  ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÊÑ § ¤ÁáÅÐÇÔ ÇÑ ² ¹Ò¡ÒÃ㹡ÒÃ¨Ñ ´ ¡Òà ¸ØáԨÁÒµÅÍ´ Áչѡ¤Ô´áÅйѡà¢Õ¹ÁÒ¡ÁÒ·Õè䴌áÊ´§ÁØÁÁͧáÅФÇÒÁ¤Ô´Í‹Ò¹µ‹Í ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕè¹á»Å§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Ö鹡ѺÊѧ¤Á¸ØáԨ ˹ѧÊ×Í á¹Ç¤Ô´áººÅÕ¹ : Lean Thinking

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áÅзŒ Ò ÂÊØ ´ ·Õè ¢ Ò´äÁ‹ ä ´Œ ¡ç ¤× Í ¼Á⪤´Õ ·Õè ÁÕ ¤ Ãͺ¤ÃÑ Ç ÍÑ ¹ áʹÇÔ à ÈÉ ¹Ñè ¹ ¤× Í ÀÃÃÂҢͧ¼Á Deborah áÅÐÅÙ¡æ Jesse áÅÐ Emma ·Ø¡¤¹ãˌ¡ÒÃʹѺʹع¼Á Í‹ Ò §´Õ à ÂÕè  ÁáÅмÁ¡ç ä ´Œ Á ͺàÇÅÒ¡ÅÑ º ¤× ¹ ä»ãˌ µ ÒÁ·Õè ·Ø ¡ ¤¹µŒ Í §¡ÒÃ¹Ñ º ᵋ Ë ¹Ñ § Ê× Í ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ : The Toyota Way ÊíÒàÃç¨Å§

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Masaki Imai, Kaizen: The Key to Japan’s Competitive Success, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 1986. Paul S. Adler, “Building Better Bureaucracies,” Academy of Management Executive, 13:4, November 1999, 36-47.

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àÃҡŋÒÇÁÒâ´ÂµÅʹNjÒÇѵ¶Ø»ÃÐʧ¤¢Í§àÃÒ¡çà¾×èÍÊ͹»ÃѪ­ÒáÅÐá¹Ç¤Ô´ ËÅÑ¡ÊíÒ¤Ñ­æ ¢Í§ÇÔ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ áÅеŒÍ§¢ÍºÍ¡ÍÕ¡¤ÃÑé§Ç‹ÒäÁ‹ä´ŒÁÕਵ¹Òãˌ໚¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í Ê͹ “ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ㪌” à¤Ã×èͧÁ×ÍÅÕ¹ÍÕ¡àŋÁ˹Öè§ ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷Õè Toyota àÃÕ¡NjÒ໚¹ “§Ò¹ ·Õè໚¹Áҵðҹ” ¹Õé ໚¹ÊÔè§ÊíҤѭÁÒ¡µ‹ÍÃкº¡ÒüÅÔµâ´ÂÃÇÁ«Öè§ Toyota 䴌ÍØ·ÔÈ TPS Handbook ¤Ù‹Á×Í·Õè㪌¡Ñ¹ÀÒÂã¹ Toyota ãˌ¡ÑºàÃ×èͧ¹ÕéÁÒ¡¶Ö§ 1 ã¹ 3 ʋǹ¨Ò¡ ·Ñé§ËÁ´ 3 ¨Ö§á¹‹¹Í¹·Õà´ÕÂÇNjÒà¾ÃÒЧҹ·Õè໚¹ÁҵðҹáÅÐÁҵðҹ¡Ò÷íÒ§Ò¹Í×è¹æ ¹Õé໚¹¾×é¹°Ò¹ÊíÒËÃѺ¡ÒûÃѺ»ÃاÍ‹ҧµ‹Íà¹×èͧ¹Ñè¹àͧ 3

TPS Handbook, 1989 by Toyota Motor Corporation.

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ã¹·Ò§µÃ§¡Ñ¹¢ŒÒÁ ªÒÇ­Õè»Ø†¹ (áÅÐ Toyota) ÊÒÁÒö¾Ô¶Õ¾Ô¶Ñ¹Í‹ҧÁҡ䴌 ã¹ÃÐÂÐàÃÔèÁáá¢Í§¡Ò÷íÒ¤ÇÒÁࢌÒã¨ã¹Ê¶Ò¹¡Òó «Ö觷íÒãˌªÒÇÍàÁÃԡѹ·Õè¾ÃŒÍÁ ¨Ð “àÃÔèÁ” áŌÇËÁ´¤ÇÒÁÍ´·¹ä»àÊÕ¡‹Í¹ ¡Ãкǹ¡Ò÷Õè´ÙàËÁ×͹¨ÐÂéíÒ¤Ô´ÂéíÒ·íÒÁÒ¡ à¡Ô ¹ 仹Õé Êí Ò ¤Ñ ­ ÁÒ¡µ‹ Í ¡Ô ¨ ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃᡌ ä ¢»˜ ­ ËÒ·Õè » ÃÐʺ¼ÅÊí Ò àÃç ¨ ´Œ Ç Âà赯 ¼ Å 2 »ÃСÒà ¤×Í 1. µŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒþԨÒóÒÍ‹ҧÅÐàÍÕ´¶Õ趌ǹà¾×èÍãˌࢌÒã¨ÅѡɳТͧ»˜­ËÒ – ´ŒÇ¡ÒêÑ觹éíÒ˹ѡ¼Å¡Ãзº·Õ軘­ËÒÁÕµ‹ÍÅÙ¡¤ŒÒ ¾¹Ñ¡§Ò¹ áÅкÃÔÉÑ· áÅÐÊØ´·ŒÒ ¡çµŒÍ§µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨Ç‹Ò»˜­ËÒ¹Ñé¹ÊíҤѭ¾Í·Õè¨ÐÊÅÐàÇÅÒÍѹÁÕ¤‹ÒáÅÐÊÁ¤ÇÃãˌ¤ÇÒÁàÍÒ㨠ãʋµ‹Í¡Ò÷Õè¨Ðᡌ»˜­ËÒ¹Ñé¹æ ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ Charles Kettering «Öè§à»š¹¹Ñ¡»ÃдÔÉ°Šä´Œ¡Å‹ÒÇ äÇŒÇ‹Ò “»ÃÐà´ç¹»˜­ËÒ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒúÃÃÂÒÂänjÍ‹ҧ¡ÃШ‹Ò§¡ç¤×Í »˜­ËÒ·Õè䴌ᡌä»áŌǤÃÖè§ ¶Õáˋ§âµâµŒÒ ¤Ù‹Á×ÍÀҤʹÒÁ 436 á¡ÐÃÍÂÇÔ (THE TOYOTA WAY FIELDBOOK)

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ÊâÅ᡹ºÃÔÉÑ·¢Í§ Toyota ¤×Í “Yoi shina, yoi kangai,” «Öè § ËÁÒ妅 § “¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´ ´Õ ¼ÅÔµ Àѳ ±´Õ ” ÊâÅ᡹¹Õé » ÃÐÂØ¡ µã ªŒä ´Œ à »š ¹ Í‹ Ò §´Õ â ´Â੾ÒСѺ ʋ Ç ¹ ¢Í§¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐˏ㹡ÒÃᡌ䢻˜­ËÒ Toyota µÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒö㹡ÒäԴ䴌Í‹ҧÁÕ à˵ؼÅáÅÐÍ‹ҧÊÌҧÊÃäänjÊÙ§ÁÒ¡ à¾ÃÒСÃкǹ¡ÒäԴ·ÕèÅÐàÍÕ´Ãͺ¤Íº¨Ðãˌ ¼ÅÅѾ¸·Õè´Õ·ÕèÊØ´ ¼ÙŒ¨Ñ´¡Òà Toyota ·Ø¡¤¹à¢ŒÒ㨴ÕÇ‹Ò ·Õèà˹×͡NjҷءÊÔ觹Ñ鹤×ͤس¤‹Ò ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´ÊÌҧÊÃ䏢ͧÁ¹Øɏ - «Öè§à»š¹ÊÔè§à´ÕÂÇ·Õè¨Ð·íÒãˌ¾Ç¡à¢Òⴴഋ¹¡Ç‹Ò ã¤Ãæ 䴌㹡ÒÃᢋ§¢Ñ¹

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2. »¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁËÅÑ¡¡Òâͧ Genchi Genbutsu àÊÁÍà¾×è͵ÃǨÊͺµŒ¹à赯 ¢Í§»˜­ËÒ Í‹ÒÍÒÈѤ¹Í×è¹ËÃ×Í¢ŒÍÁÙÅà¾×èÍËÒÊÒàËµØ áµ‹ãˌ㪌¢ŒÍÁÙÅà¾×èͺ‹§ºÍ¡¶Ö§ ʶҹ·Õè«Ö觨Р“ä»´Ù” áÅеŒÍ§ä»´Ù¨Ø´·Õ衋Íãˌà¡Ô´ÊÒà˵شŒÇµÑÇàͧ

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