33369999 Summer Training Project Report on NTPC by Prateek Jain VIT University

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c By operating method: c ·c c  c ·c cc ·c c&?c cc c

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c By application: c ·c c)# !c ·c c c c pcc c cc1c c c c1 c c2 c  c#  c1

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c Êajor Components
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c DOL Reversing Starter c ccc1#c cc
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c Êotor Direction Reversal

c (
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GENERATOR PROTECTIVE ÎUNCTION %c1cccccc cc #:  cc ccc cc ccc!c
cccc# cc cc1c c!c
c
ccc c c1 c1c !c$ cc c ccc
cccccc c  cccc
c
c ccc6 c19!c$c
ccc  cc c1!c0
c
c1c cc c   c
1c#c1c ccc cc1!c
c 6  9c cc1c1c c c1c c c cc c c !c&c  c ccc c  c
cc cc
cc!cp1ccc c
1cccc c1!c  cc  cc 1c
c c c 1c1c  ccc21c
c 1c c c c 1c1c !c
c #c c c1c# c  c cc
c #c c  c1cc cc
c 
 c# c
c2cc cc
c1c c1c# c
c  c c c
c c1c#c   !cpc  c c cc
c1c c: c c
cc cccc #c#c
cc cc c1c# cc cc !cp1 cccc  c cc#c c 1ccc
1c  !c
cc c#c c 
ccc  c c
cc#c ccc
c 
cccc#  c
c5c c
c  c c c
c  c  c
c cc c
c !c @ ccc1cc1cccccc
c
 c c!c
c c cc
c cc Gc
ccc
c c  c=cc>c !cccc
cc cc#cc # ccc
ccccc!c
c1c c c cc1 !cp  cc
!c&cc 2# cc !cÎc c c c c c 
ccc 
c
c
c cc 
c
c
c c
c?cc cc c c c
c  !cÎ 
c
c
c c
cc cc c
ccc  cc=1c >!cÎ c
cc
ccMc 11M
c= c
c c;;>c cccc c# c 
cc2cc !c
ccccc
c c#cc  cc
c#c1c c=1c#> c# cccc#c c 1ccccc# c2cc
c c cc !c$1# c# c
c2c#c c
c ccc

2c##c c cc c#c c  c2cc c##c!cpc # ccccc  c  c1c !c
c c
cc#cc c c c!cpc #c c
c c cc#cccc 
c
 cc c c
c cc
cc
c c cc =!! c- c-; cc.>!c›
c c#ccccc=!! c*;>!c
c ccc21c
ccc
ccc
c c
c ccc
cccccc c#cc cc  !cpc2c#  c ccc
 cc c
c c1c cc1c# cc
cc cc1c 1!c c c -„&D.&Î&% c c

c

c c c c$cc# c
ccc c c
cccccccc  c
c1c cc
c1 c
c
cc
ccc Acc!c$ cc#cc c
c1c cc
ccc !cÎc
cccc c1 c cc cc1c !c
c1 c ccc 
c c
cc cc

ccc!c
cc  c  c c cc
cc c1c !c
c1Ac c ccccc!c4 c
c c,c%cc2c 
!c c

c c

Synchronizer and Sync-Check Relays (Îunctions 15 and 25)
c#c c c=->c
c c=->c1c
cc# c

c 
c cc#c# 
c ccc  cc 
5cc
c !c  cc c
c c c
c1c c
c cccc  c#c
ccccc
c
c#cc#c!c&c c#c
c c c
ccc c1!c
c c

cc
c :  c  c#c
c
cc
c  c c#cc
cc1c1 !c pc cc cc1Fc
c 
5cc
c 
!c
c 1c c# cc#cc
ccc1c
c 1c c c  
5cc c c cc cc
c  c ccc1c1!c $cc c c
c1c  ccc  cccc #c
c c ccc c c!c(c
c#ccc   c
c
c 
c ccc1 c1c cc :  cc c
 cc
c
c#c1 !cp
 
cc   cccc
c#c# cc
c69c# c c
c
c cc# 
cc
c
ccc1 cc
cc #ccc# c
c 
c !c
cc
c ccc
cc

c 
5c c cc ccc  c c
c c= c->!c
c  cc#c
!c
ccc1c
c c cc
c  c#cc#cc
c
cc c 
5cc Gc1c
c 
c ccc# c1 cccc cc#!c

c Short-Circuit Protection (Îunctions 21, 50, 51, 51V, and 87) c
c ccccc
c cc
 ccc c 
cc c
c!c› c  cc#cc
c ccc
c Ac#  cc
cc c cc 2 c => cc
c # cc#  cc c
c# c=$%> c#c
cc c
c  ccc
cAc!c$cc c
c$%cc cc c c
 c#c
ccccc 2 c  cccc
 c  !c
cc#c# c c
c

c c c c
c
 cc
c c
cc cc c
cccccc
cAc c

c cc  c  c c1 cc !c"1 cc6#9c c  cc 
ccc1ccc

 c 1c

c
  c c
cc
ccc
c c  cc
cc 
cccc

c !c c

c 
  &
:0 5„  % 

c
c=-4>ccc1c1c c c
c
c1ccc 1cc c#cc c  ccccc# c

cc!c cc2cc c
c c#c
c
c !c
c ccc!cp c #c cc#c c
cc c
 c1c# cc1#c !cpc cc cc
c   cc
c c
cc
c

c  c1cc !c
c cc c=.>cc
cc ccc1ccc
c1 c c

c
c  !c' c
cccc
cc c
cc1c# cc c.c !c›cc
cc !c
c
c1c
c 2 c   cc
c
c1c
cc  c cc1c c c
c 2 c !c+
c.c
c 5cccc c c  !c
c cc
cc c c ccc 

c !c
ccc
cc11c?c1c  c cc#cc
c c
c ccc c
ccc 1c c c

c1cc cc cc c  c 
c
c
c1cc

 c !c
c cc c cc c 
c
c c
cAcccc
c  c
c   cc cc1 cc c c=c
c cc#cc# c
c  c11cc1c c>!c

c1c1c  c#cc c
ccc c
c1c !c$cc  cc1ccc1 c
c
ccc2c c1!c$c
 c c=->c cc1c
cc c

c
cc
c c c1c!c
c1cc#c2 c  c ccc c# c
c
c#c c
c!c

c Volts/Hertz Protection (Îunction 24) c (cc cc1c2cccc1!c"1 c
cc1c1c 2c  c
cc##c ccccc c c
c Ac  c
c
c: cccc!c
 cccc 
c4?"5cc#ccc c!cpc1# c
cc c 1c1c2c c c   ccc 
5!c›c1c ccc4?"5c
c c c #ccc #c c cc cc c=% >!c›
 cc ccc% c c c1c
c2c cc c# c
cc 1 c c
c c c=cc1>c# c
c4?"5c# c  c
c
!c c

Over and Under Voltage Protection (Îunctions 59 and 27) c &c1c cc c c
 cc=c
c c c
c c-;,'>!c›11c ccc cc# cc
c=*>c=1c 2>c ccc c
c
!c) c  c
c=-;>cc c1c# cc
c=*> c# cc4?"5ccc c1c  c   c1c
c
cc1cc#ccc1 !c
c c 1c cc cc c
c c c cc c% c 1 ccc c# cc cc!c

c c Reverse Power Protection (Îunction 32) c
c1c cc
c c
cc c c
c cc
c !c$c
c  ccc
cAc c c
c cc1ccc 
 cc c!c$ ccc1ccc  c c1: c cc#c#
cc
c c  ccc c c cc !c
c 
cc c
cc
c#!c"1 cc
c c1c cc c1 c c
c c c
cc1!c› cc
c c1 cc #cc
cc1cc!c
 cc
c ccccc c= cc cc cc ccc

# c #c: c cc-!cÎc
cc 1cc: c1cc c
c1cc c=> c c ccc
c c#c!c c

Loss-of-Îield Protection (Îunction 40) c
ccc #c c1c
c c cccc1c c
c c  c2cc
c!c
cc
c c#
c# 
cc2 c 2c !cÎc cc cc c
c c# cc  c c 
c2 cc 
1cc
c# 
 cc  c c
c c1c  c=p4@> ccc
 cc
c c ccc ccc  2c!c0
ccccc2c cc  cccc# cc c c cccc-c c
ccc #c cc
c c cc1c cc
c !c% c1#c
: cc cc c c 
cc c ccc!c@cc  c
c  ccc# c c c1cc  c
c c
c  c ccc
c#cc
ccc1 c c 
cccc !c(c
c c cc

c
cc  cc1 cc
c c#cccc1   cc   ccc  c=c ccc
 c c c
c cc
ccc  c c
c
c c  ccc#cc
c  c c
ccc cc c >!c
cc
cc
c c cc

c  c 
cc #c Gc
1 c
cccc c# c
c1c  cc
 cc c
!c$c cc
ccc c
c
c=#cc 
c
cc c cccc c > c
ccp'&$c cc c


c# c: c c1c!cÎc cc c #cc
cc c
cc c ccc
!c$cc c
c@ )cccc
ccc1c&(p)pcc)(&!c$cc c=cc #cc c c
c c
c2c cc 69c > c
cc@ )cc c cc=1c cc c c c

cc c1c>!c$c cc= c c
>c
c  c c
c@ )c c#c cc cccc c?cc
c !c$c
cBc&c
cc@ )c
ccc  c-c
cc-P(!c0
c
c@ )ccc cc   c
c ›+ccc
cc@ )!c"1 c c c cc@ )ccc # c
cc=!! c ccccc c
c1
 > c
c@ )c  c
c
cc c c
c!c
c ccc  c#ccc
c cc c
c cc
c c!c&c 1c c cc# 
ccc
c#c @ )!

c

c c c c c c c c c c c c

c

@p'&Λ@+@c c pc cccc1cc cc ccccc c  c
cc
 ccc c c c  c c#c  !c0
ccc c ccc  ccc c2c  c
c !c$ c
c cccc
c cc# c
c c  c 
c
c
c  2ccc
cc  c
cc1cc  cc
cc !c
c c ccc c cccc  cc1cccccc
ccc

c c
 cc cc#!c c

c

c 9
*  
„ „


c p'&$?$+++c cc ccccc1 c11cc    c1c c cccc cc cc #c c
 
c
c c cc !c
c cc c c
cc#cc cc# c: !c$c
cc 1c c: cc ccc#c c
c 1 c  c   cc
c# c
c ccc c
cc cc
c !c›  c
cc1c
c# c cc ccc  c# cc#cc c
cc #c cc
c !cp
 
c
c

 c c cccc#  cc c c 
c cc1 ccc c1cccc c c
c1 c  c c
c !c
c c
cc c  ccc  ccc ccc# cccccc  # !c"1 c
c # ccc2 c cc1c
cc!c c c
c c c c   cc# cc#cccc# cc 
1c c ccc!c  cc 2 1 c cccc cc cc# cc  c#c cc
cc :  c   c
c
c1 c  c1cc !c
cc  c c c c cc1 c c c  c c  cc!c$c c
c %c& ccc2 1 c
cc cc11c 
ccc# c cc!c%c cc c 21 c# ccc  c cc cc c !c
ccc cc cc cc
c c c #c
ccc
c# c  cc
cc   ccc c4pcc#1!c%c c  cc ccc #c c c c# c ccc
c
c cc 
c# c  c 
ccc
# c  !c
c2 c c
c c ccc1 c ccc# c1!c%c c  c#c cc
c c
cc
c
cccc#c1c 1!c%c ccc#cc
c c
c
c
c c cc#ccc
cc
c !c%c c c1#c c c c c cc
ccc cc cc c=,&B>c  cc cc c c

cc c# c !c%c cc1#cc
c c

c !cc c

c c „ 
*  

  
„ „


CONSTRUCTION c pcc ccc1c
c
c= >ccc1c c c cc1cc
!c%c cc cc6c 9c = >c
c1c
cc cccc1c
cc #c cc=

c1 cc >!c(1 cc cc c c6c9c= >c
c

cc1cc1c
cc  #c c cc1 c c=c1 c

c >!c+cc c c  c c#c
c cc
c cc c !cc c Vc4c c#c c c!c+1 c  ccc
c  cccc#c c cc=>cccc=@>c
cc  c= >cc
 
c!c
ccc2ccc c c
cc  c=%Q$@>!c c
ccccc
c  ccc
cc c#cccc c c
cc1c=+>cc
cc=%Q$+> c  c1cc#c#c# cc
c1c ccc

c1c 1 c
c
cc c c
c c1 !c0

cccc c#cccc1c=%Q$+ cccRcc1cQc c>ccc ccc#ccc c1c=%Q$+ cccRc c1cQc c >c
cc ccc#ccc
c#c c
cc !cc c Vc$ c
ccccc 
cc c!c
c cc c
cc# c%Q$@ c=c>cRc!c
cQc ccc#c cc
cccc
cc1cc1!c
cc1c c1ccccc c%Q$@ c=c>cRc!c
cQcc!c
cc
c c ccc!c c Vcp
 
ccc#ccc  cc

c1c1 c cc

cc-cc.-c
 c1c=4> c
c1cccc 
cc c 5cc c#c c
c1c#1c c1!c 4c c#c6c9cc#c 5c# c
c1 c1c1#!c c 7 c
c1cc
c1c c c
c1 cc cc # c1 cccc#c c#
c  cc  !c c Vcpcc c
1c
c#c cc c c c  ccc!c+1c
 
ccc
ccccc cc  cc69c  c
c

c1ccc c cc

c11 c
c cc#cccc c
c Ac !c c c
 c
c c cc cc
c  
c #cc c
c !c$ccccc
 c
 
c
ccc cc1 cc
c c
c cc#c #7cc1c cc
c!c
c cccc1 cc  cccc  cc
c1c c c
c !c

c 
c c

c1c
cc
cc
c
c  2 cc c
c c c

cc cc c

cc cc# cc 
cc c c!c
ccc#ccc  c
c
c c
c# c c c
ccc# c cc#c  c
cc!c(ccc#c
ccc ccc cc cc1c#c cc !c
c c c!ccc c c!c!c
ccccc#c  cc  c
c cc c ccc  c  !c@ ccc c ccccc 2 c  c c
ccc !c@ cc ccc 
c cc c
c cc cc#c c cc
c c2cc c!c
c c ccccc c
c cccccc c 
cc# cc !c

cc
ccc
c  c
c
cc# c
cc c #c:  c!c0
c
cccc c#c#c c 
c

c  cccccc
c cc 
cc c#!c$cc  cc cc cc 
cc cc11c  c ccc cc c#c cc c5c!c
ccc
c
c# c# c c  c 
c  ccc ccccccccc c#  !c
cc ccc   cc c#c cc
c c# cccc#c# 
c
 
cc# 
cc
cc ccc c2c!c
c cc
 c#c1#c c c  c 
cc
c c cc !c cc   c 
cccc
# c
ccc1 ccc
c 
c ccc
c   cc1cc
c c  c c c# c
cc  2cccccc  2 c
c cc cc
cc cc5c
!c
c2 c  2c c c
cccc ccccc
cc c
c  c 1cc c c c: c1c2cc c
c2c cccc  c!cÎcc

 c
c  2c cc  c#c!c cc!c c
c
c  cc ccc#c c!c cc!-c !c
ccc#c c cc c ccc Fcc cc
c !c c Vc$c c  c
cccc
c c
cc !cÎc 
c c
ccc  c1cc#
cccc 
!c$c

c c
cc cc c
cc  c c
ccc!c0cc cc c
ccccc 
c1ccc cc# !c c

c c

 %

*
)*  & 

Vc$c
 c  c
cc1c c
c c
cc  !c
ccc  cc c c
c c

cc

  c69 c c
 
cccc 
c
c
c cccc#cccc !c) cc1cc
  cc1c  c
c ccc#c cc :  cc
cc  c
ccc#cc1!c 4c c

c
 c c c 1cc1c  ccc5cc!c

c c

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*
)*  & 

c indings
ccc c
c  c c c c
cc  c
c cc
c c#c c  c  cccc 
cccc!c(cc  cc
c c c cc cc c!c0
c  cc 
cc cc21c
c ccccc cpc  c c#c cc cc c
cc cc!c (c
c

c
c
ccc cc2 1 ccc# c
c c5c c
c  c c c#c  c#!c$c c
c2c cc  cc 
cc1#c cc#c c c1cc
!c
c c ccc  cc  cc
cc cc c
 
cc  cc
ccc c c
cc c !c c cc#c cccc7c
cc
cc c
c cc 

cccc ccc
ccc1 cc
 
 c
c cc1c c c c
c=>cc# c7c
c cc
c!c$1 cc c#c #7cc cc
c  2c

c cc
c1cc
c
c c

cc c c1c#c
ccc1c c c
 
c
c  c!c%cc c
ccc c
c1c  cccc c c
c c !cpc1c  c
c
:  c11c c c cc#ccc # ccc   cc#c=( (>!c pc1c c%c0c$c c  c
ccc   c c c c
cc c

c
ccc#cc 1c
cc cc
ccc cc
c
c !c&
 c c ccccccc1c !c0
cc1c c1 ccc c c# c c#ccc !c
ccc  c c
c
cc ccccc
cc cc7cc  c c
c c ccccc
c c cc7c!c &c ccc#cc  c

c
c c
c cc c !c0
ccc ccc c c
c  cc
1c
 c

c
c
c
c c  c
c ccc
1ccccc# c !c@ ccccc c c c c# c
c cc cccc cc
ccc c cc   c
c
cc ccc2 c

!cpc
cc  c
c c  c cc
ccc cc
cc 
c cc c cc
 c  cc !c$ccc  c c
ccc !c(ccc  c c 1c c
cc
cccc cc c#c
c c c
c !cpc1  c c
c c c: c
 
c
cc c#c#c cc c1 cc
c cc#c
cc 
 
c
c c c cc#c
c
c!c
ccc c ccc c: c !cpc1 c c c c c c
1c#c ccc c
 
c
c !c(cc#c  ccc 
 c1c ccc c
c c
1cGc c
 cc#c c
5 ccc 
c c!cpc c1  c
c c cccc
c ccc cc
cc !c&1c c
cccc cc  c 
!cc c

c c c

!/ 
0% 
c# cc7 c
c Acc cc cc c#cc c c1cc1c
c c cc
c c c
c  ccc !c
ccc#c
c# c1c!c
ccc c c#cc c
cc#c c
c 
cc
c
c ccc=ccc
cI3 (Jc >ccc 
c c#cc  cc5 cc ccc
!cc  cc1c
ccc c
c
c #c c cc
c

c1c  c
# ccc c
cccc c c
c !c$c  c  c
ccc cc c
ccccc cc cc!c0
cc  ccccc c#c cc 1c
c c1c
c cc
c
c c
c!cBcc c ccc1 c
c
cccc  !cpc   cc
c
 cc)+ (c=5cc
> cc  c1c c1cc2cc
c cc
c
c c!c0
c3 (c#cc cccc : cc:  c

c  cc
c5ccc c
c  !c
ccc cc# cccc c   cc!c

ÊAINTENANCE AINTENANCE AND TESTING c "cccc
ccccc
c Ac !c"cc#cc
cc ccc
c
c c
ccc
c
ccc!cpc c: cc c
cccccc c
c
c c
cc !c%cc   c11cc
cc   c25c 1 ccccc c
c ccc c2c
!c cVc(cccc
c  c#
ccc !c
cc c c#cccc
 c#c1c
c cc1c cc!c)c# c cccc1 c c
cc#c cccc  !c cc c

  cc c #ccccc# c !c& 
c#  cc

  c cc !c
c Accc
 c#cc  c c1 cc1 c c
 c#ccccc c  cc!c c Vc
ccc
c c
 c#ccc cc#!c)cc c cc
ccc
cc
cc#
ccc
ccc c# !c(c
 c#c
c cc cc
c  c c#c!cc ccccccc # cc1c
c  !c$ccccc
cc
cc cc
c ccc!c)c
cc ccc 
c# ccc 5c
cccc c#!c c Vcp
 
cccccccc2c
c  Ac  ccc1#c
c
c cc1  ccc 
cc
cc cc c#c!c  ccc
cc cc#c:  cc cc
ccc1cc 1c  !c"cccc1 #c cccc
c  c cc  cc  c
c c
cc
c !c c cccc c
c  cc1 cc ccc
c  cc#c!c

c

‘
Î+ &  cc c cc
cc cc !c
c #c  cc   c
c

c1cccc  Acc# c  !c
c

c1c  cc
c c1c
ccc cc c ccc
c!cpc!c4c cccc  c1c!-cc!-c!c"1 cc2 
c
cccc: cc c c-c!c
  cc c5c ccc c c c# c
c:  c !c
c#c cc c   c
cc c

c1c cccc#  cc 
ccc5!cc c Vcp
 
ccccc   c#c c
c
c  ccc1 cc
c1ccc cc: c
c
c  cc5ccc !c
cc
cc
 
c

c c
c Ac cc
cc
c
 c#c 1c# c ccc !cc

c Vcpc cc cc   c
1ccc cc#
c 
c cc
c cGc c
c
 ccc# c cc c !c
cc
 c#cc# ccc#c c cc ccc#c cc
c ccc cc
c  !cp c1 c
c
c cc5cc
c  c
cc 
c
cccc#c c
 c#c
c c1c
cc6
c9c cc
c1cc1!c c Vc$ccccc c
c
c c c5c c
ccc !c
cc cc
c
ccccccc1c c 
c!c@ccc cc
 c#cccc#cc c
cc#cc cc1c !c
cc
 c#c

 c 1# ccc ccc#c
 c#ccc c
cc # c
cc#!c c Vc&c
cc: c
c
cc1c=c
cc
>!c
c c
c#c
c cc cc
!c
cc c
cc
 c c
c ccc ccc
 cc#cccc
c c2!c c Vcp c1 c
cc cc5 c c
 c#cc #ccc
c c
1cc c!c
cc
cc   c
 ccc
c: c
 c#c cc
c c c
c
cAccc c
 c#c1 c# c#c c cc
c !c&c
cc#cc# c cc 1 c ccc !c
c Ac
c# cc c c1cc ccc
c: c c !c c Vc
c 1c#c c
c c
 cc#cc
c ccc5c c
cccc
c cc1c
cc 5!cpc5c cc#c c# c
c5c c c c cc1cc#c cc
c7c!c c Vccc c: c
cc cc cc
c cc#c c  cc
cc
ccc c
cc  ccc!c(c
 c#cc c
ccc c
cc cccc
c
c c
ccc#c!c&c c  c # ccc  ccc ccc!cp cccc  c c
 c#c cc
ccc cc
c c c
c  c # c!c

c

c V+ V%V
+(V V  c


c1c# c#c1 c cccc c c  c  cc c c
c 2cc
c!c c
ccc
c#c c
cc# c c
c ccc c# c
cc c
cccc c
c c  cc c c
!c c $ cc#cc ccc
 c c c cc  ccc
c
cc

cc cc!c (cc c
c c#Fc !c  c#c !c %ccc#c !c p c#c *!c +c#c -!c 0ccc !c Î c&  c& 1 c& c3#c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c

Êanometry lab c cc c c c c ccc :  ccccc
c
c c cc1cc ccc c
ccccc !c$c 1cc  c c*cc)(!c$cc#c cccccc!cÎc : ccc ccc c#ccc cc cc cccc#1c!c c —c c$Acc #c

cc# ccBc
!c$cc c
cc: !c
c1cccc cc cc
cc#!c —c

c —c  c% c, c$Acc1cc #!c$cccc 2!c$cc 1c
ccccc
c ccc#c!c$cc c c cFc=>c&c cFc cc c cc=#>c"c  cFc c

c c c c c

Protection and Interlock Lab c —c Interlocking:c$cc# ccccc: cc
c  cc: c c
ccc c
c!c
c c c ccccc
c: cc
cc cc
ccc
c c: cc1c!cÎc c c: ccc1c cc
c: !c cc#ccc
cc c cc
 
c ›@c,p +!c0
c
cc: c c
c#cc cc c #!c&c c
c c c ccFc —c RELAYFc$ccc1c1!c$ccccccc  c# c c c
cc: c c c cc   c!c&c c
cc: cc1 c   c
ccc1 !c —c ÎUSESFc$ccc
cc cccc
c  c

cc
c
1 c c c
 
ccc
c#c
c !cB  c1cc

ccc cc# Fc>c
c c cc2c c1cc

1 c!cpcc ccc  c cc
c
c  c c  cc ccc c c
cc!c#>c
c  1 c c
c1cc c# c
c c c
c c
c  c c7 cc
cc!c>c&1c #cc c#cc ccc cc15c: c 
c c
cc# c cc1 cc c
!c —c Êiniature Circuit Breaker:c
 cc c
c#c c
cc  c!c>c+#c
cc ccc# !c#>c%c
c  ccc cc  !c$cc c c c cc 1#cc
c 2!c0
cc  c c
ccccc c c#c
!c
cc
c c cLc ·c p'Bp3c @$%cc ·c "+@p3c @$%cc ·c &"›@ c($@(B$ c @$%!c c —c Protection and Interlock System:c c!c"$,"c +'&$›'c(›' @›3c($@(B$ cÎc

cc c
c c cc2c# cc)!(c  !cÎcc
c c c
 c#ccc
c
ccc c
c: cc 5c!c c c1cccccc c
c cc c!cc !c3›0c +'&$›'c(›' @›3c($@(B$ cÎccc c
c c cc c2c c
c!*-cE4cp!(c  !c
c c c
1c#
c2cc!c"c
cccc 1c c cc c
cc !c c

Automation Lab
c#ccc c
c2c: cc c !c+ cc 
cc
 cc
c c=)p&>c)cp: c& cccc#c cc c !c
cc
 cc
c c cc  c
c=$&>cc$ c& !c c
c#c 1 c c
c c c cc
cc !c"1 c
c  ccc1c# c
 cc c c ccc!c c

Pyrometry Lab —c

—c

—c

—c

c 3: ccc
cc  cc
cc
c#cc*c c( c

cc
cc c c
cc#c !c $cc3c
c
c

cccc
cc#c !cc Bc1cc
c1cc cc ccc c
c  c c c1c c
cccc
c1cc 

c cc
c cc
c !cc
 cc
c1cc#cc&++p(Ecc%+3 $+@c !c$c c cc7 cc c !c
c
c cc c c
c c cc
c c c!c
cccccc
c !cc @ )=@c c>cc$c c
c c c 
 c# c# c
c cc cc!c$c
c cc
c 
cc
cc
c c cc !c$c
c# c c
c c1cc#c#cc
cc#
cc7 c#c c= ccc1>cccc c= c

cc1>!c

Îurnace Safety and Supervisory System Lab
c#c
c
c# c cc cc
c cc#c
c# c  c!cÎc ccc# ccc
c ccc c
c cc c 
ccc
ccc cc !cB# ccc1c

c c cc c c !c
c cc
c#ccc c( ccc

cccc*c!c$ccc c cc!cpc c 1ccc cc cc c
c c c c1c c c
c cccccccc
ccc cc4cc c

c cc
c c c
c !cÎc c
c cccE4cc ccc ccc1cc c cc c c
ccc
c c
c !c
c c
c2c cc 
cc# cccc c c c c !c$c ccc cc c
cc cccc c c cc# cc c c
c c# cc c c 15c# !c
c cc cc
c c c c
c c# c cc c 
 c cc#c c c c cc1cc c c c 
cc
c  c

c
cc#c!c

c

Electronics Lab
c#c c
c#ccc c1 c!c$c
 c1 c  c c c cc cc  cc c  5c!4 cc cc
c#cFc!c c1c 4ccp!c!cp c 5c  c
cc# ccccc!c$c 2c
cc!c c c c

PRESSURE ÊONITORING % cc#cc# c
c c c#c
c c $c ‘  c $c m c $c Y
 
cc c Îc cc c c #cFc
c
cY cccc: c c  c1!c$cc c ccc
c21cc  c cc!cc pc c c #ccc 1c #c
cccc2c c  cccccc c
 cccccc
c
c  cc
c
 c#!cc c

c

c c #c% c,c c Îc&
c

c  cc cc
 cc#c c ccc c ccc
c#c›'cc cc

ccc#c›ÎÎccc!c pc
cccc1cc
c( cc4c!c
c%cc c cc1ccc c c —c ¦ cccccc¦c
c —c -

cccccc  
c c 0c c*pcc
cc1 cccc
c c #ccc#!c p  c c 
c cc1 c

c!c p((B@p(cFccScc!ccc cc
ccc
 cc
c
c  c$ c!c c c c c c c c c c c c c c % c c c c c c c c c c 6c75!c c c c + c c cccc c # &c c c c c c c c c c 31cc cccccccccccc c $c % ccc c c c 66c75!c c c ccccccccccc31c"
c c c c c c c c c c c "
c1c c c cccccc c c  cc c c c c c + c c %ccccc &c c c c c c c c c cccccccccccc% c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c ccccccccccccccccc+ c

c c

c c

c c

c c

c c

c c

c c

c

c

BASIC PRESSURE CONTROL ÊECHANISÊ

c

TEÊPERATURE ÊONITORING

c 0cc c
 cc@ )c c cc ' c@ )cc c cc !c c
 ccc cc Fc c $c  c@c $c p  c@: c c ' c c
 cccYcY 
  Fcc "%c='(
 cp >c?c
%c='p  cp >c
cc
cc c cc c
 !c$cc21c  cccc  c1#cccc1 c c#!c
 cc 1#cc
cTcH(ccScH(c!c‘cc2 c*c 4?H(!c c @ )ccc c# cccc c cc1#c!c c 0cccc cc
 
c
c@ )!c&c
c c@c
c
c
c4c c
c@ )c cc$ cc%cc%ccc c

„ccccc-ccccc=cccUcQc!-c(c>c „cccc-cccc %ccc c c

c  c
c c c c  c cc  c c  c  !cÎcpc c
 cc cpc c)c c &
cc c

cc# c  c
!c c

ÎLO ÊEASUREÊENT c Îc ccc c 
ccc c7 c cc  cc cc
cc c

| YY|‘c pc@ccc1c
c c
c cc c: cccccc  #!c$cc ccc88!c c $c#cccc ccc1#cc c

c c cc # cc
cccc
c  c1c
 
cc1 c cc  #c !c pccc ccc # c  cc c c
cc cc 
cc 
c c# c cc cc# c1 !cpcc

c ccc c=#c
c cc
c #>ccccc
c  cc
c c!cÎcccc c c
 c
c
cc
c c#c
cc!c
c cc
cc
ccc2 cc
c  c!c
cc  ccc c
c cc cccc cc cc c!cc Îc)c cÎc cc !cc Îcpc ccc c
c c
cFc c $c Î 
c $c ¦
 
cc
  c 
c $c Y
c $c    c 
c=cc1c>c $c 
 cÎ c 
c $c   cÎ 
c=cc1c>c c &c c ccc c
c c c  cc: cc#c  cc c c cc !c

Y
ccc
cc c!c
 ccc
cc
cc
cc c
c #cc ccc c
c cc ccc
c c!c

c ¦!Y|
Y|‘ccc c c

c c @ cc
c c c 8c: cc
ccc c #c  c= 
cc
c2c ccc7> c
c
c  ccc
cc c#c1c# c=V?>=1cc1>!c c pccc
cc c cc1c# Fc

Î c"c#c$c%&'„(c 0
c)%cc) c% cc
c% c)!c c c

CONTROL VALVES c pc11ccc1c
c
  c c  c c   c=
c c  5c  c  cc: >c# c c cc c# c1 c  !c41cc
 cc  c# c   cc c  !c c 41cc ccc1 c cc c  c c  c c!c% #c11cc
cc#1 cc 1  c  c# c ccc !c c

&c11cc1c# c c c
 cc c c c  c c ccccc
ccc!c›
cc ccc c ccc›c cc1c# cc
  c
c
 c cc 7cccc c!c c  c11ccc  c
cc
c
cc
c11c!c$ c 
c
cc cc: c cc c c=;H>c#cc c
c 11cccc:  c11!c   c11 c#c11 cc c11c c c:  c11!c41ccc#cc# c1cc  c
cc
c!c
 cc#c
c c 
ccc ccc c  c  
c

ccc# cc   cc 
 c  
c

ccc# c
c c cc: c  
cccc!c c &c
cc# c
c c c11c
cc ccc c #c
c
c11!c
 ccFc —c „  c¦ cLc
 cccccc

ccc c cc1c
c —c r
 c cLc
 c 5cccc cpccc
c#c c —c 
c cLc
c11ccc# ccc c

c

ÎURNACE SAÎEGUARD SUPERVISORY SYSTEÊ c Α‘‘cccc cc& c=&>!c$cccc #c#ccc c1cccc c: c c 
c !cc#71c cÎ&&&ccc c  c c 
c#!c c
c;-c0c#ccc c#!cÎcccc cccc !c
Ac
cAcc ccc c#!c
cc0c#cc c c#c=

cc
c"&)ccccc
c>c cc c c
c!c
ccccccc c#!c c  ‘+‘,

c

$c  c c c  c   c c c 
c 
c c 1c c 
c cc# 
cc c c
cc  c

c cc"&)cc
cc c c# !c
ccc-c c c c# c c
ccc1 c c# c
c"&)!c
c
cccc%B@,$',!c c %@+&&B@+c&0$ ("c c % c 
c c 
c 1c 
c c c #c c  !c 0
c  c c  c
c
c c
c
ccc

cc
ccc c
c cc#c
c !c c ccc#c ccc
c c 
c
c
c c c11!c !c  c11c=>c !c 5c11c= >cLccccc !c % c11c= >cWcc cc c ccc *!c "  c11c