(3331200042) (08) (Nu) (23 11)

 

]lbkklj ^av`s`

B`jl`

]lbkklj ]ar`el

JLWH^LB W^LO]@OQE I@V@OL MLVL^ ^LBKOL@LB J@V]^@O

M`susub Hjad3

 Blel Wrlot`olb

3 Phdlbas Culb Nlkus V`ehrlbko`r V`ehrlbko`r

 B@E

3 666777=>

Curuslb

3 ]aob`o Eas`b

Krup

3 A>

^aolb

3 . M`els Vltr`h 6. ^l`dlb ^lnny

]kj. Warfhnllb

3 >6 Bhvaenar >7>7

Ls`stab

3 B`oh Lrilbl Qst`

JLNH^L]H^@QE I@V@OL ]A^LWLB ILOQJ]LV ]AOB@O QB@YA^V@]LV VQJ]LB LKABK ]@^]LPLVL F@JAKHB ‖  NLB]AB  NLB]AB >7>7  Cj. Cabmarlj Vum`relb Oe. 76 F`jakhb =>=61 ]ajp. (7>1=) 64117>, 6;9; Ilx. (7>1=) 6011=7 [ans`ta3 dttp3//i`smls.ubt`rtl.lf.`m Ael`j3 jln.i`s`oltarlplbGubt`rtl.lf.`m 

 

 

LNV]^LO

^lbkol`lb j`str`o lmljld sultu ouepujlb ajaeab ltlu ohephbab j`str`oylbk slj`bk m`dunubkolb mabklb flrl-flrl tartabtu mlb plj`bk sam`o`teaepubyl` sltu j`btlslb tartutup. Warfhnllb rlbkol`lb j`str`o nartuculb ubtuo eabkuc` duoue hde mabklb eabkkublolb dlenltlb nanarlpl ohephbab ajaotrhb`o, eabkuc` oanablrlb rueus ubtuo dunubklb sar` mlb plrlraj plrl raj mlr` dlenltlb-dlenltlb j`str`o, eabkuc` duoue o`rfdhii plml rlbkol`lb ras`sthr nl`o tardunubk sar` elupub plrlraj, mlb eaeldle` pabkkubllb hs`jhsohp sartl mlplt eabkklenlr nabtuo kajhenlbk taklbklb suenar mlb dlenltlb ylbk m`tlep`jolb hs`jhsohp. Mljle oad`muplb o`tl sadlr`-dlr` nlbylo saolj` lpj`ols` mlr` rlbkol`lb j`str`o. Fhbthdbyl m`rueld-rueld eabkkublolb rlbkol`lb rlbkol`lb j`str`o plrlraj, dlj `b` earuplolb pabarlplb ohbsap duoue o`rfdhii .> ^as`sthr ..................................................... ........................................................................... .................................. ............= Klenlr >.6 Olpls`thr ………………………………………….....................= ………………………………………….....................= Klenlr >.= ]rlbs`sthr ………………………………………………………= ………………………………………………………= Klenlr >.1 M`hma………………………………………………………… M`hma…………………………………………………………..1 ..1 Klenlr >.9 W]F mlb B]F………………………………………………… B]F …………………………………………………1 1 Klenlr >.; Hs`jhsohp…………………………………………………… Hs`jhsohp……………………………………………………...9 ...9 Klenlr >.4 J`el Wabkdlbtlr Nartaeu Eaenabtuo ]`t`o Flnlbk……… Flnlbk………...4 ...4 Klenlr >.0 ^lbkol`lb Waenlk` Lrus…………………………………… Lrus ……………………………………...4 ...4 Klenlr >..  ]ukls Odusus…………………………………………...6 Jlep`rlb F. Klenlr Ljlt ylbk M`kublolb……………………………….6 M`kublolb……………………………….69 9 Jlep`rlb M. Njlboh Warfhnllb……………………………………………6 Warfhnllb……………………………………………64 4

v

 

 

NLN @ WABMLDQJQLB

.> ^as`sthr

Olpls`thr lmljld ohephbab ajaotrhb`ol ylbk mlplt eaby`eplb mlb eajaplsolb eultlb ltlu abark` j`str`o. B`jl` olpls`tlbs` sanuld olpls`thr m`tabtuolb hjad nldlb m`ajaotr`o ylbk m`kublolb _6U.

Klenlr >.6 Olpls`thr

]rlbs`sthr earuplolb sae`ohbmuothrylbk m`plol` sanlkl` pabkult ltlu lepj`i`ar mlb mlplt nariubks` sapart` slojlr j`str`o.Narmlslrolb lrld `bputbyl ltlu

taklbklb`bputbyl, pabklj`rlb j`str`o ylbk slbklt lourltmlr` s`rou`t suenar j`str`obyl m`eubko`bolb mlplt tarclm` _=U.

Klenlr >.= ]rlbs`sthr

M`hma lmljld ohephbab lot`i ylbk nars`ilt sae` ohbmuothr sartl mlplt eabkdlbtlrolb lrus plml taklbklb elcu mlb eabkdlenlt lrus plml taklbklb  nlj`o. M`hma dlbyl eajawltolb lrus salrld sad`bkkl m`kublolb sanlkl`

 

1

ohephbab ylbk eabclm`olb lrus salrld mabklb cljlb clj lb eaenjho lrus ylbk  narjlwlblb lrld.

Klenlr >.1 M`hma

Vabshr sudu tare`sthr earuplolb ajaeab pabk`bmarllb sudu ylbk tarm`r` mlr` nldlb sae`ohbmuothr ylbk eabubcuoolb parunldlb b`jl` tldlblb c`ol c` ol sudu ylbk eabkabl` sabshr sudu tare`sthr `b` narunld. Vabshr sudu tare`sthr tarm`r` tar m`r` mlr` mul cab`s yl`tu sabshr mabklb ohai`s`ab phs`t`i ltlu W]F (Whs`t`va ]aeparltura Fhaii`f`abt) mlb ohai`s`ab baklt`i ltlu B]F (Baklt`va ]aeparltura Fhaii`f`abt) _9U.

Klenlr >.9 W]F mlb B]F

Hs`jhsohp earuplolb parlbkolt `bstrueabtls` ajaotrhb`ol ylbk m`kublolb ubtuo eablep`jolb krli`o, yl`tu eabkklenlrolb krli`o mlr` sultu s`bylj j`str`o Mljle oanlbylolb lpj`ols`, krli`o `b` eabubcuoolb nlkl`elbl s`bylj narunld tardlmlp wlotu3 suenu vart`ol (P) eabyltlolb taklbklb, mlb suenu dr`zhbtlj (T) eabyltlolb wlotu. @btabs`tls ltlu oafarldlb tlep`jlb olmlbk-olmlbk m`sanut suenu S, sapart` mlplt m`j`dlt plml Klenlr >.;.

 

9

Klenlr >.; Hs`jhsohp >.>

Duoue Hde

Duoue Hde narn`flrl eabkabl` dunubklb lbtlrl taklbklb j`str`o (Y ) mlb lrus j`str`o (@ ) . Vanajue eaeldle` dunubklb lbtlr oamul naslrlb i`s`ol tarsanut, parju paeldlelb eabkabl` mai`b`s` lrus j`str`o. Lrus j`str`o earuplolb  nlbylobyl eultlb j`str`o ylbk eabklj`r parsltulb wlotu, lrld lrus j`str`o m`mai`b`s`olb salrld mabklb parkarlolb eultlb phs`ti ltlu prhthb. Wlml jhkle  nldlb ohbmuothr, ohbmuothr, eultlb ylbk narkarlo sanablrbyl eultlb baklt`i ltlu ajaotrhb, sad`bkkl lrld pabcljlrlb lrus j`str`o narjlwlblb mabklb lrld lr ld parkarlolb eultlb j`str`o _4U. Warkarlolb eultlb j`str`o tarclm` c`ol tarclm` naml phtabs`lj, ajaotrhb lolb  narkarlo mlr` phtabs`lj rabmld oa phtabs`lj t`bkk`, sad`bkkl mlplt mlplt m`s`epujolb  nldwl lrus j`srt`o narp`bmld mlr` phtabs`lj t`bkk` (outun phs`t`i) oa phtabs`lj rabmld (outun baklt`i). Naslr lrus j`str`o ylbk eabklj`r plml sanuld pabkdlbtlr sanlbm`bk mabklb naml phtabs`lj suenar (@ Y ) , ylbk narlrt` saelo`b naslr suenar tlklbkl, saelo`b naslr lrus j`str`o ylbk eabklj`r. Oaeumldlb lrus j`str`o ylbk eabklj`r plml sanuld pabkdlbtlr narklbtubk plml cab`s c ab`s pabkdlbtlr. Oaelepulb pabkdlbtlr ubtuo eabklj`rolb lrus j`str`o j`str` o m`sanut mabklb ohbmuot`vls, jlwlb mlr` ras`st`v`tls ltlu jan`d m`oablj mabklb `st`jld dlenltlb (^) . Vaelo`b naslr ras`str`v`tls sanuld pabkdlbtlr, lolb saelo`b suj`t lrus j`str`o eajawlt`byl

(~ )

 . Dunubklb lbtlrl naml phtabs`lj, lrus j`str`o, j`str` o, mlb dlenltlb

mlplt m`tuj`s3

  

…………………………………(>...>)   ………………………………..(>.>)   mabklb \ lmljld oulbt`tls plbls mlb ] lmljld taeparltur,samlbkolb o lmljld ohbmuot`v`tls plbls, L lmljld juls pableplbk. Mabklb ihreujls` Ihur`ar ubtuo parslellb parslel lb ohbmuos` plbl mlb eabklbljhk`olb `btabs`tls eamlb j`str`o mabklb krlm`ab taeparltur, Hde eabubcuoolb nldwl lrus j`str`o ylbk eabklj`r plml ohbmuothr mlplt m`byltlolb mabklb

   

…………………………………..(>.6) ………………………………….. (>.6)

Mljle dlj ohbmuothr, ohbmuothr eaepubyl` juls pableplbk L ylbk earltl, elol parslellb lrus `tu eabclm` 3

      >.6

 mabklb

  

……………………………………….(>.=)   ……………………………………….(>.=)

Duoue O`rfdhii

Duoue O`rfdhii tarm`r` mlr` mul parslellb ylbk eaenldls tabtlbk oaoaoljlb eultlb mlb abark` mljle rlbkol`lb j`str`o, mlb partlel m`clnlrolb  plml tldub .4 . J`el Wabkdlbtlr Nartaeu Eaenabtuo ]`t`o Flnlbk.

Wabarlplb OFJ plml klenlr >.4 m`mlpltolb3 @< + @> ‖  @> ‖  @6 ‖   @6 ‖  @= ‖   @= ‖  @15  @15 7 Wlml parslellb m`ltls lrus j`str`o ylbk elsuo t`t`o flnlbk m`tlbml` phs`t`i mlb ylbk eab`bkkljolb t`t`o flnlbk m`tlbml` baklt`i.

Klenlr >.0 ^lbkol`lb Waenlk` Lrus

Naslr lrus @ 5 @₌ + @₎ + @₆, ubtuo eabflr` b`jl`  b`jl` @₌, @₎, @₆ saflrl eltaelt`s mlplt eabkkublolb parslellb sapart` nar`out. @₌ 5

₎ ₆ …………………….. ( >.1) >.1) ₌₎+₌+

₌₆ …………………....(>. ++ …………………....(>.9)9)  …………………….(>. …………………….(>.;) ;) @₆ 5 ++ @₎ 5

 

0

>.  OYJ (O`rfdhii Yhjtlka Jlw) Duoue O`rfddhii tabtlbk taklbklb m`mlslrolb plml duoue oaoaoljlb abark`. Oat`ol eultlb j`str`o q narp`bmld mlr` phtabs`lj t`bkk` oa phtabs`lj rabmld, m` elbl naml phtabs`ljbyl ∉Y, elol abark` eultlb `tu lolb turub sanaslr q∉Y. Duoue taklbklb O`rfdhii narnuby`3 ‚Cuejld saflrl ljclnlr taklbklb j`str`o mljle sultu rlbkol`lb tartutup lmljld bhj―   Vaflrl r`bkols mlplt m`tuj`s3



∜  5 7 ∜ v` 5 7  7 

Klenlr >..4) ………(>.4)

Ys…………………………. ………(>.0) ………(>.0)

Plbk m`elosum rlbkol`lb tartutup lmljld sultu rlbkol`lb ylbk tarm`r` mlr` suenar taklbklb mlb nanlb ylbk m`dunubkolb mabklb sultu pabkdlbtlr, sad`bkkl eabkdls`jolb lrus j`str`o. Vamlbkolb pabcuejldlb saflrl ljclnlr narelobl  nldwl taklbklb j`str`o mlplt nartlbml phs`t`i ltlu baklt`i narklbtubk flrl eaelslbkbbyl. Vanlkl` fhbthd, t`bclu rlbkol`lb plml klenlr >.0 m` nlwld `b`.

 

. M`lkrle Lj`r Duoue O`rfdhii <

 



 

Wrhsamur Warfhnllb

Nar`out prhsamur parfhnllb mlr` oak`ltlb prlot`oue ^lbkol`lb J`str`o. 6.>.< Duoue Hde .  6.  =. 

M`susub rlbkol`lb tarsanut sasul` mabklb klenlr m` ehmuj. M`ltur phs`s` hutput, sat ohephbab ajaotrhb`o sad`bkkl Ox 5 ^as`sthr M`ltur phs`s` slojlr plml fltu mlyl MF sad`bkkl oajulrlbbyl lmljld 7 Yhjt. M`tutup sw`tfd V, oaeum`lb ltur oajulrlb fltu mlyl sad`bkkl jan`d naslr mlr` 7 Yhjt 1.  M`fltlt oamumuolb leparaeatar (@) mlb oamumuolb vhjteatar (Y) ylbk m`tabtuolb hjad ls`stab.

6.>.> Duoue O`rfdhii < 6

(vhjt)

5 B]F   @ (Lepara)

> = 9 4

 @   ^6

(vhjt)

(vhjt)

(vhjt)

(vhjt)

(vhjt)

(L)

(L)

(L)

9

>,71 =,7<

>,76

6, rltlrltl parsab oasljldlb plml taklbklb suenar 9 Y lmljld ,4 %. Vaeabtlrl rltl-rltl parsab oasljldlb plml taklbklb suenar Y lmljld %. Nak`tucukl plml duoue o`rfdhii =

 plml taklbklb suenar lmljld 9 Y eae`j`o` lepj`tumh ylbk ylbk jan`d t`bkk` m`nlbm`bk mabklb ^6 mabklb b`jl` taklbklb 6 Y. 1.>

Vlrlb

Vatajld eajlouolb prlot`oue mlb eababtuolb dls`j parfhnllb prlot`olb eae`j`o` slrlb sanlkl` nar`out3 . Wrhsamur parfhnllb ylbk lml plml v`mah parfhnllb jan`d m`sasul`olb mabklb ehmuj prlot`oue.

 

 

MLI]L^ WQV]LOL

_)3 770. _6U  Euc`n V. Warlbflbklb sabshr oajaenlnlb narls narnls`s olpls`thr.  Curblj Vl`bs mlb Whe`ts Whe`t s. 7 U. _1U  Dhrb, E. Jlzulrm`, Q mlb Da`br`fd, ^. Vaji-Fhbtrhjjam W]F Vabshr Ihr ^aj`lnja Hvari`jj Wrhtaft`hb Hi J`qu`ms. Qb`vars`ty hi Nubmaswadr Eub`fd3 @bst`tuta hi Ealsuraeabt lbm Luthelt`hb (@EL). >77>. _9U  dttps3//eam`l.baj`t`.fhe/eam`l/punj`flt`hbs/4 Bhvaenar >7>7U. _;U  Curuslb ]aob`o Oheputar mlb @bihrelt`ol, Whj`taob`o Bakar` Eamlb. Waenultlb Hs`jhsohp Narnls`s Warshblj Oheputar Eabkkublolb Vhubm Flrm. Eamlb3 Olepus QVQ Eamlb? >77;

Ward`tubklb J`tarltur Duoue Hde

^ueus Duoue Hde 3

Y5@.^

  Y 5 >Y

•

^ 5 17℩  17℩  @ 5 7,76 L

(]`mlo sasul` duoue hde)

•

5 =Y   Y ^ 5 17℩  17℩  @ 5 7,7; L

(]`mlo sasul` duoue hde)

  Y 5 9Y

•

^ 5 17℩  17℩  @ 5 7,