3 Modul Ajar Informatika - SK (Muh Harun Rabiyudin)
August 11, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download 3 Modul Ajar Informatika - SK (Muh Harun Rabiyudin)...
Description
@. KANBUM@ZK VMVM
0. Kifatknkh`sk Zfhbd`g
Sfayusua
? Mug`m`i G`rua U`ekyuika, Z.Hbm
Zfhbd`g
? ZMHA 0 Jke`i`h
M`t` Sfd`o`r`a
? Kanbrm`tkh`
Hfd`s/ Zfmfstfr
? 03/ L`aokd
N`sf
?F
M`tfrk Sbhbh
? Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH)
@dbh`sk \`htu
? < Mkallu x 9 o`m pfd`o`r`a C 96 Mfakt
Oumd`g Sfsfrt` ikikh ikikh ? :> Zksw` Y`rlft Sfsfrt` ikikh
? Ufludfr
Mbifd Sfmefd`o`r`a ? SOO I`rkal I`rkal / S`iu`a `at`r` Y`t`p Y`t`p Muh` i`a SOO (Edfaifi Df`rakal) Hbif Mbiud
? M.Kanbrm`tkh`RG`rua5R@Kanbrm`tkh`RG`rua0
5. Hbmpftfask @w`d
Sfsfrt` ikikh sfe`khay` tfd`g mfmkdhk pfalft`gu`a mfalfa`k Yfhabdblk Kanbrm`sk i`a Hbmuakh`sk (YKH) :. Srbnkd S`aj`skd`
Efrkm`a, efrt`hw` hfp`i` Yug`a [MF sfeu`g hfw`oke`a e`lk um`t efr`l`m` uatuh mfao`d`ah`a `o`r`a `l`m`, efr`gd`h efr`gd`h mudk` sfe`l`k prke`ik y`al e`kh i`a sfa`atk`s` efrfmp`tk, mfalut`m`h`a mfalut`m`h`a pfrs`m``a i`a mfalg`rl`k pfrefi``a, efrpkhkr hrktks mfmpfrbdfg, mfalbd`g i`a mfal`a`dksks kanrbm`sk sfrt` mfalfv`du`sk pfmkhkr`aay` sfaikrk, m`aikrk mfmkdkhk kask`tkn, mfalfai`dkh`a fmbsk, pfrj`y` ikrk i`a `i`ptkn tfrg`i`p sktu`sk/hbaiksk, i`a hrf`tkn mfmkdkhk hfduwfs`a efrpkhkr i`d`m efrh`ry`. 9. Z`r`a` i`a Sr`s`r`a`
Z`r`a` Sr`s`r`a`
? D`ptbp, SJ, D`ptbp, SJ, G`aipgbaf G`aipgbaf,, @d`t tudks, Euhu tudks, ? Lbbldf Jd`ssrbbm, Jd`ssrbbm, Euhu p`hft hfd`s 03, Mbiud, Dkah, Mbiud, Dkah, [butuef, \g`ts \g`ts @pp
6. Y`rlft Sfsfrt` Ikikh
Y`rlft pfsfrt` ikikh? Sfsfrt` ikikh m`mpu mfaofd`sh`a j`r` hfro` hbmputfr i`a m`skal-m`skal hbmpbafahbmpbafaay`, mfaofd`sh`a pfr`a skstfm bpfr`sk i`a mfh`aksmf katfra`d y`al tfro`ik p`i` katfr`hsk `at`r` pfr`alh`t hfr`s, pfr`alh`t dua`h, i`a pfallua`. Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | 0
>. Mbifd Sfmefd`o` Sf mefd`o`r`a r`a
Mbifd pfmefd`o`r`a y`al iklua`h`a i`d`m pfmefd`o`r`a m`tfrk Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) `i`d`g kaqukry tfrekmekal.
E. KANBUM@ZK KAYK
0. Yuou`a Sfmefd`o`r`a
Sfsfrt` ikikh m`mpu mfalft`guk i`a mfm`g`mk sfo`r`g Bpfr`tkal systfm Hbmputfr (\kaibws, Dkaux & M`j Bs) & Mbekdf (@airbki & KBZ), mfm`g`mk j`r` hfro` Sfr`alh`t Hbmputfr sfrt` Sfr`alh`t Sfaiuhualay`, mfallua`h`a Srkatfr (mfay`d`h`a, mfajft`h, mfm`tkh`a sfrt` Yrbuedfsgbbtkal), mfallua`h`a Zj`aafr (mfay`d`h`a, sj`a, mfm`tkh`a sfrt` Yrbuedfsgbbtkal), mfallua`h`a Obystkjh sfrt` mfallua`h`a \fej`m (mfay`d`h`a, mfallua`h`a sfrt` mfm`tkh`a), i`a mfallua`h`a mfallua`h`a \`jbm. 5. Sfm`g`m`a Efrm`ha`
Sfm`g`m`a efrm`ha` i`d`m pfmefd`o`r`a m`tfrk Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) y`al i`p`t ik`pdkh`skh`a ik hfgkiup`a sfg`rk-g`rk `i`d`g pfsfrt` i`p`t mfm`an``th`a efre`l`k m`j`m pfr`alh`t Hfr`s sfrt` Dua`h uatuh efre`l`k m`j`m hfpfatkal`a i`rk mud`k pfrh`atbr`a s`mp`k hfpfatkal`a prke`ik.
:. Sfrt`ay``a Sfm`atkh
Sfrt`ay``a pfm`atkh uatuh pfsfrt` ikikh sfe`l`k efrkhut. 0. Y`guh`g h`mu t`u sfo`r`g Zystfm Bpfr`sk2 5. Jbe` tfe`h, `i` efr`p` BZ y`al pbpud`r iklua`h`a bdfg Hbmputfr ik sfdurug Iuak`2
9. Sfrsk`p`a Sfmefd`o`r`a
Hfsk`p`a mfat`d i`a nkskh pfsfrt` ikikh Hfsk`p`a s`r`a` i`a pr`s`r`a` Mfal`kth`a m`tfrk/tfm`/hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a y`al `h`a ikd`huh`a ifal`a pfal`d`m`a pfsfrt` ikikh ifal`a m`tfrk/ tfm`/ hflk`t`a sfefdumay`, y`ktu? M`tfrk Sfd`o`r`a ZDYS. Mfalkal`th`a h`me`dk m`tfrk pr`sy`r`t ifal`a efrt`ay`. Mfal`ouh`a pfrt`ay``a y`al `i` hftfrh`kt`aay` ifal`a pfd`o`r`a y`al `h`a ikd`huh`a.
6. Hflk`t`a Katk @. Sfrtfmu`a 0 (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | 5
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfal`m`tk t`y`al`a vkifb `t`u tfhs mfalfa`k Zfo`r`g Bpfr`tkal systfm
p`i` Hbmputfr i`a p`i` pfr`alh`t pfr`alh`t Mbekdf `t`u G`aipgbaf. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfalkifatknkh`sk i`a mfrumush`a j`r` hfro` sfeu`g Zkstfm Hbmputfr. Sfsfrt` ikikh efhfro` s`m` i`d`m hfdbmpbh mfalumpudh`a i`t`/kanbrm`sk i`a mfme`j` dktfrtur mfalfa`k sfo`r`g sfeu`g Bpfr`tkal systfm Hbmputfr i`a G`aipgbaf (GS)
Sfsfrt` ikikhmfmpfre`khk mfmprfsfat`skh`a g`skd hfro`ay` i`a ikt`all`pk bdfg hfdbmpbh d`ka. Zfd`aoutay`, g`skd ikshusk. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh hfskmpud`a mfalfa`k Zfo`r`g systfm bpfr`sk p`i` sfeu`g Hbmputfr i`a GS. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a m`j`m, sfrt` hfuallud`a i`a hfhur`al`a i`rk m`skal-m`skal bpfr`tkal systfm. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ? `. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p sfm`al`t i`a mfalkhutk mf alkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m
E. Sfrtfmu`a 5 (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. Sfsfrt` ikikh efhfro` s`m` i`d`m hfdbmpbh mfaikshuskh`a m`s`d`g-m`s`d`g p`i` sfeu`g bpfr`tkal systfm hbmputfr i`a g`aipgbaf (GS). (GS). Sfsfrt` ikikh mfafmuh`a o`w`e`a i`rk m`s`d`g-m`s`d`g p`i` sfeu`g bpfr`tkal systfm hbmputfr i`a g`aipgbaf (GS). Sfsfrt` ikikh mfmprfsfat`skh`a g`skd hfro`ay` i`a ikt`all`pk bdfg hfdbmpbh d`ka. Zfd`aoutay`, mfmpfre`khk g`skd ikshusk.
Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh hfskmpud`a mfalfa`k systfm bpfr`sk p`i` sfeu`g systfm hbmputfr i`a g`aipgbaf (GS). Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ? `. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p sfm`al`t i`a mfalkhutk mf alkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m. s`d`m .
J. Sfrtfmu`a : (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | :
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfal`m`tk t`y`al`a vkifb `t`u tfhs mfalfa`k j`r` hfro` pfr`alh`t hbmputfr sfrt` pfr`alh`t pfaiuhualay` Sfsfrt` ikikh mfalkifatknkh`sk i`a mfrumush`a j`r` hfro` sfeu`g pfr`alh`t hbmputfr sfrt` pfr`alh`t pfr` alh`t pfaiuhualay`. pfaiuhualay`. Sfsfrt` ikikh efhfro` s`m` i`d`m hfdbmpbh mfalumpudh`a i`t`/kanbrm`sk mfalfa`k pfr`alh`t hbmputfr sfrt` pfr`alh`t pfaiuhualay`. pfaiuhualay`.
Sfsfrt` ikikhmfmpfre`khk mfmprfsfat`skh`a g`skd hfro`ay` i`a ikt`all`pk bdfg hfdbmpbh d`ka. Zfd`aoutay`, g`skd ikshusk. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh hfskmpud`a mfalfa`k pfr`alh`t hbmputfr i`a pfr`alh`t pfaiuhualay`. pfaiuhualay `. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a m`j`m, sfrt` hfuallud`a i`a hfhur`al`a i`rk m`skal-m`skal pfr`alh`t hbmputfr i`a pfr`alh`t pfaiuhualay`. pfaiuhualay`. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ? `. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p sfm`al`t sfm`al `t i`a mfalkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m. s`d`m .
I. Sfrtfmu`a 9 (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfal`m`tk t`y`al`a vkifb `t`u tfhs mfalfa`k j`r` hfro` mfallua`h`a prkatfr (mfay`d`h`a, mfajft`h, mfm`tkh`a, sfrt` trbuedfsgbbtkal). trbuedfsgbbtkal). Sfsfrt` ikikh mfallua`h`a prkatfr (mfay`d`h`a, mfajft`h, mfm`tkh`a, sfrt` Yrbuedfsgbbtkal) Sfsfrt` ikikh mfmpr`htkh`a pfallua``a prkatfr ifal`a mfay`d`h`a, mfajft`h, mfm`tkh`a, sfrt` trbuedfsgbbtkal.
Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh mfalfa`k pfallua``a Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` hfskmpud`a ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a mfalfa`kprkatfr. pfallua``a prkatfr. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ? `. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p sfm`al`t i`a mfalkhutk mf alkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m. s`d`m .
F. Sfrtfmu`a 6 (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | 9
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfal`m`tk t`y`al`a vkifb `t`u tfhs mfalfa`k j`r` hfro` mfallua`h`a sj`aafr (mfay`d`h`a, sj`a, mfm`tkh`a sfrt` trbuedfsgbbtkal) Sfsfrt` ikikh mfallua`h`a sj`aafr (mfay`d`h`a, sj`a, mfm`tkh`a, sfrt` Yrbuedfsgbbtkal) Sfsfrt` ikikh mfmpr`htkh`a pfallua``a sj`aafr ifal`a mfay`d`h`a, sj`a, mfm`tkh`a, sfrt` trbuedfsgbbtkal.
Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh hfskmpud`a mfalfa`k pfallua``a sj`aafr. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a mfalfa`k pfallua``a sj`aafr. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ? `. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p sfm`al`t i`a mfalkhutk mf alkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m. s`d`m .
N. Sfrtfmu`a > (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfal`m`tk t`y`al`a vkifb `t`u tfhs mfalfa`k j`r` hfro` mfallua`h`a
efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a Luru mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ?
obystkjh sfrt` mfallua`h`a wfej`m (mfay`d`h`a, (mfay`d`h`a, mfallua`h`a, sfrt` mfm`tkh`a). Sfsfrt` ikikh mfallua`h`a obystkjh sfrt` mfallua`h`a wfej`m (mfay`d`h`a, mfallua`h`a, sfrt` mfm`tkh`a). Sfsfrt` ikikh mfmpr`htkh`a pfallua``a obystkjh sfrt` mfallua`h`a wfej`m (mfay`d`h`a, mfallua`h`a, sfrt` mfm`tkh`a). Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh hfskmpud`a mfalfa`k pfallua``a obystkjh i`a wfej`m. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a mfalfa`k pfallua``a obystkjh i`a wfej`m. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk.
`. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p sfm`al`t sf m`al`t i`a mfalkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m. s`d`m .
L. Sfrtfmu`a < (9 OS W 96 Mfakt)
Mfmud`k ifal`a Efrib` i`a mfd`huh`a Srfsfask tfrg`i`p Hfg`ikr`a pfsfrt` ikikh. ikikh mfal`m`tk t`y`al`a vkifb `t`u tfhs mfalfa`k j`r` hfro` mfallua`h`a Sfsfrt` w`jbm. Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | 6
Sfsfrt` ikikh mfallua`h`a w`jbm. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfmpr`htkh`a pfallua``a w`jbm. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfa`rkh hfskmpud`a hf skmpud`a mfalfa`k pfallua``a w`jbm. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh i`a mfaykmpudh`a mfalfa`k pfallua``a w`jbm. Sfsfrt` ikikh mfaykmpudh`a m`tfrk y`al tfd`g ikpfd`o`rk. Luru efrs`m` pfsfrt` ikikh mfd`huh`a rfndfhsk tfat`al hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfmefrkh`a pfrt`ay``a sfpfrtk efrkhut ? `. E`l`km`a` hfs`a pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 e. @p` m`an``t pfmefd`o`r`a g`rk kak2 Luru mfmefrkh`a `prfsk`sk hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh y`al `htkn i`a mfmefrk mbtkv`sk uatuh y`al d`kaay`. Luru mfmefrkh`a pfalu`t`a hfp`i` pfsfrt` ikikh uatuh tft`p t ft`p sfm`al`t i`a mfalkhutk pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfal`o`h pfsfrt` ikikh efrib` uatuh mfal`hgkrk hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a. Luru mfautup hflk`t`a pfmefd`o`r`a ifal`a mfaluj`ph`a s`d`m. s`d`m .
>. @sfsmfa
Ik`labstkh `. @p` y`al ikm`hsui ifal`a YKH2 O`w`e`a ? `i`d`g p`yual efs`r tfrmkabdblk y`al y`al mfaj`hup sfdurug pfr`d`t`a tfhaks uatuh mfmprbsfs i`a mfay`mp`kh`a kanbrm`sk. YKH mfaj`hup iu` `spfh y`ktu tfhabdblk kanbrm`sk i`a tfhabdblk hbmuakh`sk. e. Zfeuth`a s`d`g s`tu Srbiuh YKH y`al pbpud`r iklua`h`a uatuh ^kifb Jbanfrfajf2 Jbanfrfajf2 O`w`e`a ? Lbbldf Mfft i`a _bbm Mfftkal
6) Zfeuth`a g`d y`al tki`h mfa`rkh i`rk `htkvkt`s pfmefd`o`r`a y`al sui`g h`dk`a d`huh`a! Efrkh`a `d`s`aay`!
J. D@MSKU@A
0. M`tfrk & Dfme`r Hfro` Sfsfrt` Ikikh `. M`tfrk Zkstfm Bpfr`sk (BZ) Sfallua``a mfik` fdfhtrbakh hgususay` pfr`alh`t hbmputfr `t`u sm`rtpgbaf mfal`d`mk pfakalh`t`a y`al s`al`t sklaknkh`a. Ikm`a`, n`htbr y`al p`dkal efs`r mfmpfal`rugk pfallua` uatuh mfm`h`k pfr`alh`t tfrsfeut `i`d`g i`rk sksk kanbrm`sk k anbrm`sk i`a hbmuakh`sk y`al mfao`ik fnfhtkn. Vatuh i`p`t mfalfdbd` hfiu` n`htbr tfrsfeut, tfatu sfeu`g ifvkjf mfmeutugh`a y`al a`m`ay` skstfm bpfr`sk. Zkstfm bpfr`sk `t`u Bpfr`tkal Bpfr`t kal Zystfm (BZ) mfao`ik s`tu hfs`tu`a y`al tki`h i`p`t ikpks`gh`a ikpks` gh`a h`rfa` mfmkdkhk pfr`a hrusk`d i`d`m mfm`a`ofmfa sftk`p `htkvkt`s p`i` pfr`alh`t hbmputfr.
[`al m`a`, g`d tfrsfeut `h`a s`al`t efrgueual`a ifal`a pfm`h`k`a pfr`alh`t dua`h (sbntw`rf), pfr`alh`t hfr`s (g`riw`rf), i`a nktur y`al d`kaay`. Ifnkaksk Zkstfm Bpfr`sk (BZ) Ifnkaksk umum i`rk skstfm bpfr`sk `i`d`g sfeu`g pfr`alh`t dua`h skstfm y`al m`mpu mfalfdbd` sumefr i`y` (rfsburjfs) i`rk sbntw`rf i`a g`riw`rf `l`r i`p`t efro`d`a ifal`a e`kh sfrt` mfmui`gh`a prbsfs katfr`hsk ifal`a pfallua` pfallua` `t`u usfr (er`kaw`rf). Okh` hkt` `a`dblkh`a sfifrg`a`, gueual`a `at`r` bpfr`tkal systfm ifal`a hbmputfr `i`d`g sfpfrtk hfai`r``a efrmbtbr i`a e`g`a e`h`r. Ikm`a`, t`ap` `i`ay` e`g`a e`h`r, tfatu s`o` hfai`r``a efrmbtbr tki`h `h`a eks` efro`d`a ifal`a sfmfstkay`. Z`m` g`day` ifal`a skstfm bpfr`sk, ikm`a` `ai` tki`h `h`a eks` mfallua`h`a pfr`alh`t hbmputfr `p`ekd` tki`h `i`ay` BZ. Eflktu oul` sfe`dkhay`, `p`ekd` `ai` mfmpuay`k pfr`alh`t
skstfm i`a tki`h mfmpuay`k hbmputfr m`h` mfao`ik tki`h efrlua`. Zfo`r`g Zkstfm Bpfr`sk (BZ) 0. Lfafr`sk Sfrt`m` (0;96 ‚ 0;66) 0;66) S`i` lfafr`sk pfrt`m` kak, mfrup`h`a mf rup`h`a `w`d tfrjkpt`ay` sfeu`g pfr`alh`t hbmput`sk fdfhtrbakh y`al m`mpu mfall`atkh`a pfr`a skstfm hbmput`sk mfh`akh. G`d tfrsfeut iksfe`eh`a hfjfp`t`a m`ausk` i`d`m mfalgktual i`a mfalkal`t kanbrm`sk s`al`t tfre`t`s sfgkall`, sfrkal mfd`huh`a hfs`d`g`a. Bdfg h`rfa` ktu, ik i`d`m lfafr`sk kak tfrefatuhd`g sfeu`g skstfm hbmputfr y`al ikefrkh`a pfrkat`g `t`u `t `u kastruhsk uatuh i`p`t mfalfro`h`a sfj`r` d`alsual sftk`p tul`s y`al ikefrkh`a sfj`r` jfp`t i`a tfp`t. 5. Lfafr`sk Hfiu` (0;66 ‚ 0;>6) 0;>6) Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | <
S`i` lfafr`sk hfiu` kak, mfmpfrhfa`dh`a sfeu`g l`l`s`a e`ru y`al ikefrk a`m` E`tjg Srbjfsskal Zystfm, y`ktu pfhfro``a y`al ikd`hs`a`h`a sfj`r` rf`d ‚ rf`d ‚ tkmf tkmf i`d`m s`tu r`alh`k`a y`al s`dkal efrurut`a. S`i` lfafr`sk kak efdum mfallua`h`a skstfm bpfr`sk hgusus, a`mua m`skg mfallua`h`a nualsk i`rk bpfr`tkal systfm y`al ika`m`h`a KEZ[Z i`a NMZ. :. Lfafr`sk Hftkl` (0;>6 ‚ 0;73) 0;73) Lfafr`sk y`al sfd`aoutay`, m`suh p`i` pfrhfme`al`a y`al sui`g juhup `iv`ajfi, ikm`a` skstfm bpfr`sk iklua`h`a uatuh hfeutug`a e`ay`h pfallua` sfh`dklus ifal`a mfd`huh`a hbmuakh`sk sfj`r` badkaf. Zfgkall` s`al`t mfaiuhual prbsfs mudtk-usfr i`a mudtk prblr`mmkal (e`ay`h (e`ay`h prblr`m sfh`dklus). 9. Lfafr`sk Hffmp`t (0;73 ‚ Zfh`r`al) Zfh`r`al) S`i` lfafr`sk y`al hffmp`t, nktur i`a nualskba nualskba`dkt`s `dkt`s y`al y`a l iksulugh`a bdfg skstfm bpfr`sk o`ug dfekg hbmpdfhs i`rk fr` y`al sfefdumay`. [`al m`a`, LVK (Lr`pgkj`d Vsfr Katfrn`jf) mfao`ik hfuallud`a ut`m` uatuh mfmefrkh`a pfal`d`m`a y`al dfekg e`kh ifal`a prbsfs katfr`hsk y`al efro`d`a dfekg mui`g. Nualsk @i`ay` Zkstfm Bpfr`sk
Zftki`hay`, tfri`p`t fmp`t nualsk pbhbh i`rk BZ i`d`m mfao`d`ah`a mfao`d` ah`a hfeutug`a sftk`p prbsfs sumefr i`y` y`al `i`. 0. Mfmbry M`a`lfmfat M`a`ofmfa mfmbrk tfre`lk mfao`ik iu` nbhus ut`m`, y`ktu prkm`ry mfmbry i`a m`ka mfmbry. Ikm`a` prkm`ry mfmbry mfrup`h`a hfeutug`a pfaykmp`a`a y`al ikut`m`h`a sfpfrtk U@M. M`ka mfmbry mfrup`h`a pfaykmp`a`a y`al i`p`t ik`hsfs d`alsual mfd`duk JSV. 5. Ifvkjf M`a`lfmfat Zkstfm bpfr`sk oul` mfmpuay`k nualsk uatuh mfal`tur hbmuakh`sk `at`r pfr`alh`t mfd`duk sftk`p irkvfr. Vatuh prblr`m y`al efrpfr`a uatuh mfa`al`ak g`d tfrsfeut `i`d`g K/B Jbatrbddfr. :. Nkdf M`a`lfm M`a`lfmfat fat Nualsk y`al hftkl`, BZ oul` i`p`t iklua`h`a uatuh mfd`huh`a hbanklur`sk p`i` ibhumfa, mud`k i`rk t`g`p `w`d gkall` `hgkr y`al mfal`tur hfeutug`a ift`kd sftk`p kanbrm`sk. Hfmuik`a, mfalfdbd` dbh`sk, nualskba`dkt`s skstfm, i`a nktur y`al d`kaay`. N`sf pfal`tur`a tfrsfeut iksfeut ifal`a nkdf systfm y`al ek`s`ay` ikm`suhh`a hf i`d`m ikrfhtbrk pfaj`rk`a uatuh mfmui`gh`a pfallu pfallua``aay`. a``aay`. 9. Srbjfssbr M`a`lfmfat Nualsk i`rk skstfm bpfr`sk y`al tfr`hgkr `i`d`g mfaiuhual prbsfs mudtkprblr`mmkal uatuh mfafatuh`a n`sf m`a` y`al mfallua`h`a prbsfsbr i`d`m o`alh` w`htu tfrtfatu. Hbmpbafa i`d`m BZ Efrkhut kak mfrup`h`a efefr`p` hbmpbafa ut`m` i`d`m sfeu`g bpfr`tkal systfm, ik`at`r`ay` `i`d`g sfe`l`k efrkhut? 0. Nkdf. Mfrup`h`a nkdf y`al tfrefatuh `t`u iko`d`ah`a mfd`duk sfeu`g skstfm bpfr`sk.
Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | 7
5. Hfrafd. Hfrafd `i`d`g pfr`alh`t dua`h (sbntw`rf) y`al mfmefatuh skstfm i`a mfmkdkhk tul`s uatuh mfd`y`ak efre`l`k m`j`m prblr`m `pdkh`sk sfj`r` `m`a i`a mui`g. :. Vsfr Katfrn`jf. Zkstfm bpfr`sk mfmpuay`k h`r`htfrkstkh `at`rmuh` y`al mfao`ikh`a katfr`hsk `at`r` pfallua` ifal`a hbmputfr. Ofaks ‚ Ofaks Ofaks Zkstfm Bpfr`sk Zfd`aoutay`, m`suh p`i` pfme`g`s`a mfalfa`k ofaks i`rk skstfm bpfr`sk efri`s`rh`a j`r` hfro`ay`. 0. E`tjg BZ. [`al pfrt`m` `i` E`tjg BZ, mfrup`h`a ofaks skstfm bpfr`sk y`al i`p`t mfay`tuh`a efefr`p` pfhfro``a, sfgkall` mfao`ik dfekg jfp`t tfrsfdfs`kh`a i`a tki`h tfrd`du efr`t uatuh kmpdfmfat`skay`. 5. Ikstrkeutfi BZ. Ofaks y`al hfiu`, mfallua`h`a efefr`p` prbjfssbr ik efre`l`k mfska uatuh mfmui`gh`a hbmput`sk y`al a`atkay` ikefrkh`a hfp`i` usfr sfj`r` jfp`t ifal`a `hur`sk y`al tfp`t. :. Mbekdf BZ. [`al hftkl`, mfrup`h`a bpfr`tkal systfm y`al ikifs`ka hgusus uatuh hfeutug`a pfr`alh`t mbekdf. @p`h`g `ai` t`gu @airbki i`a kBZ2 Yfatu s`o` hfiu` pd`tnbrm tfrsfeut mfrup`h`a BZ y`al ikeu`t hgusus uatuh hfeutug`a `pdkh`sk i`d`m pfr`alh`t mbekdf. 9. Mudtkt`shkal / Ykmf ‚ Zg`rkal BZ. Ifal`a mfallua`h`a skstfm mudtkt`shkal, sftk`p
pfallua` i`p`t mfalfro`h`a efefr`p` tul`s sfj`r` efrs`m``a i`d`m pfr`alh`t JSV y`al s`m`. 6. Aftwbrh BZ. I`d`m mfallua`h`a o`rkal`a (aftwbrh), BZ oul` efrpfr`a sfe`l`k pfal`tur i`t`, hf`m`a`a, usfr, i`a nualsk i`rk aftwbrhkal ktu sfaikrk. >. Uf`d ‚ Ykmf Ykmf BZ. Nualsk y`al tfr`hgkr `i`d`g rf`d tkmf BZ, ikm`a` katfrv`d katfr v`d `t`u o`r`h w`htu pfmrbsfs`a i`a rfspbas kaput y`al hfjkd.
J`r` hfro` BZ
Zftfd`g mfalft`guk efefr`p` g`d mfalfa`k skstfm bpfr`sk, efrkhutay` hkt` `h`a mfme`g`s sfj`r` skalh`t mfalfa`k j`r` hfro` i`rk BZ. E`kh \kaibws, Dkaux, `t`u M`j BZ tfatuay` mfmkdkhk p`r`iklm` y`al mualhka efrefi`, a`mua hkt` `h`a mfme`g`say` efefr`p` g`d uatuh mfmefrkh`a pfalft`gu`a i`s`r tfrh`kt nualskba`dkt`s sfeu`g skstfm bpfr`sk. Y`g`p y`al pfrt`m`, skstfm bpfr`sk `h`a ikmu`t i`d`m pfr`alh`t hbmputfr mfallua`h`a ebbt prblr`m, ikm`a` prbsfs ebbtkal ikd`huh`a s``t mfay`d`h`a mfay`d`h`a SJ `t`u ifvkjf d`ka. Zftfd`g ktu, BZ efrtul`s uatuh mfal`tur i`a mfalfdbd` sftk`p prblr`m `pdkh`sk p`i` pfr`alh`t y`al `ai` lua`h`a. @pdkh`sk tfrsfeut `h`a mfmeu`t pfrmkat``a hfp`i` @SK (@ppdkj`tkba Srblr`mmkal Katfrn`jf) `l`r usfr tki`h pfrdu mfalft`guk mf alft`guk e`lk`a i`pur i`d`m sbntw`rf y`al sfi`al iklua`h`a. Yul`s i`rk sfeu`g BZ `h`a mfalfhsfhusk efre`l`k kastruhsk y`al ikd`huh`a mfd`duk usfr. Zfgkall`, tuou`a ut`m` i`rk sfeu`g bpfr`tkal systfm tfatu s`o` uatuh mfmpfrmui`g prbsfs usfr i`d`m mfallua`h`a `pdkh`sk ifal`a fnfhtkn i`a fnkskfa.
M`j`m-m`j`m M`j`m-m `j`m Bpfr`tkal Zkstfm y y`al `al iklua`h`a uatuh Hbmputfr/D`ptbp Mbiud @o`r Kanbrm`tkh` Kanbrm`tkh` ‚ Zkstfm Zkstfm Hbmputfr (ZH) | ;
0. \kaibws \kaibws `i`d`g s`d`g s`tu BZ y`al p`dkal e`ay`h iklua`h`a s``t kak. S`i` t`gua 0;;3 \kaibws ikhfdu`rh`a ikhfdu`rh`a pfrt`m` h`dk bdfg Sfrus`g``a Sfrus`g``a Mkjrbsbnt Jbrpbr`tkba y`al ika`m`k ifal`a wkaibws :.3 y`al efre`sks LVK. @i` e`ay`h sfh`dk vfrsk y`al ikhfdu`rh`a bdfg wkaibws t`pk y`al p`dkal e`ay`h iklua`h`a efd`h`al`a kak y`ktu vfrsk? wkaibws
View more...
Comments
