3 - Modelos de Cox y Singer en Español

 

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d j c e c kT fe j c . " y ` j f k f d e t c bd ue kde`" ds y`jfkfdetc kfedr`a qud n` sfbc des`y`bc y s d j c e c j d s d r b d s u i f j f d e t d t`k`iac, a d y y p`r` b`r ue `jdsfhfafb`b prcbujfr y rdebfkfdetc djceckfjc. (De dstcs bf`s, jce djcecki`s jcetrca`b`s d e`jfce`ads febustrf`s fetdmr`b`s, a` bdjfsfce bd qud j c e s t f t u y d " r d e b f k f d e t c d j c e c k f j c " pu d b d sdr iuebfb` de qud jcesfbdr`jfceds sd a` kfedr`, dxtfdebde kuy adocs bd de `amue`s fest`ejf`s rda`jfce`b`s k`s jce da `khfdetd djceckfjc e`jfce`a). D e ue s d e t f b c , a ` s c h s d r v ` j f c e d s bd j`kpc prfejfpf`e jce a`s "cjurrdejf`s

prcjdsc bd a` kfedr`afz`jfce. @amue`s cjurrdejf`s kfedr`ads sce y`jfkfdetcs kfedr`ads tcb`vi` ec bdsjuhfdrtcs y ctrcs sce sfkpadkdetd acj`ads jce kfedr`afz` jfce, d e acs j u` a ds acs p r c j d s c s bd a` icrk`jfce bd kde` iudrce t`e bdhfads c fejckpadtcs qud ec rdsuat`rce de a` Bd dstd kcbc, icrk`jfce bd ue y`jfkfdetc. p r ds de t` k c s ue rdsukde bd a` b f s p c s f j f c e `jtu`a bda jcecjfkfdetc bd acs kcbdacs bd bd y`jfkfdetcs kde`, bdeckfe`bcs "acs kcbdacs bd y`jfkfdetcs kfedr`ads" jce a` qud tcbc qud dspdr`ez` bd ac sd n` jckprdebfbc schrd a`s jcejdetr`jfceds kdt`afidr`s mr`ebds y bd `at` ady ecs bd ctr`s `sfst` de da jcecjfkfdetc p`r` cjurrdejf`s kfedr`ads, kdocr f b d e t f i f j ` r s u j ` r ` j t d r ` j t u ` a y kdocr jcecjdr ju`ads tfdede pctdejf`a jckc y`jfkfdetcs bd kde`. Acs `trfhutcs c j`r`jtdrfstfj`s bd ue` cjurrdejf` kfedr`a sce, chvf`kdetd, a`s i`jjfceds qud a` cjurrdejf` kudstr`. Ju`ebc sd `pafj`e ` ue kcbdac, sd rdifdrd sca`kdetd ` a`s i`jjfceds qud sd prdsdet`e d e t c b ` a` j a ` s d b d y ` j f k fd e t c s r d p r d s d e t`b` pcr da kcbdac. Ecs jcevfded jcesfbdr`r acs `trfhutcs de tdrkfecs bd ` ac kdecs bcs dsj`a`s? prfkdrc, de tdrkfecs bd a`s i`jjfceds acj`ads qud sd chsdrv`e b f r djt` kde td de da j`kpc (a` kfedr`acmf`, acs p`trceds bd zce`jfce, n`acs a` q u f k f j c s a c j ` ad s , d t j . ) 7 s d m u e b c , ` e ` a f z ` r a`s i`jjfceds rda`jfce`b`s jce da k`rjc mdcacmfjc rdmfce`a, ju`a sd pudbd da fetdrprdt`r schrd a` h`sd bd acs d s t ub fcs acj`ads c sd pudbd feidrfr a`s bd

kd fx ef ds rt d` ea jd fs "` ) ( c y j c ep r cjmar`dvsd`se q ujdc e f e bdfsjt`ueb f cs su jckc suhsfmufdetds ` jcesfbdr`rsd "y`jfkfdetcs kfedr`ads"7 ds sca`kdetd de fest`ejf`s r`r`s qud aadm`e ` jcesfbdr`rsd jckc "y`jfkfdetcs bd kde`." Zfe dkh`rmc, ecs jcevfded prdsdet`r a` feicrk`jfce qud `sfstd tcb` ja`sd bd ecs jckprdebdr "cjurrdejf` kfedr`a" y ec sca`kdetd acs "y`jfkfdetcs bd kde`". De ctrc sdetfbc, de ju`etc eudstrc bd ` kudstrdc a` feicrk`jfce bfspcefhad, acs "y`jfkfdetcs bd kde`" sd rdprdsdet`e prdidrdejf`akdetd, sfdebc qud dst` ja`sd bd sca`kdetd dst` kfedr`afz`jfce suifjfdetdkdetd

jd oc de ks pf ab cd ,r ` j fu ce e` d s s d tj du jd te cj ef f` j ` sb d m arcchj` `asd s p u( dp bc rd rdprdsdet`r ue `khfdetd bd rfit bd de `mu` rdtrc`rjc prciueb` c `atdre`tfv`kdetd, qud `rd` dst` da suhy`jfb` pcr rfcaft`s sfafjfj`s y Detrd mr`eftcs). acs `trfhutcs k`s prckfe`etds, acs p`trceds bd acs v`acrds ("jckkcbftfds") a` mdcqufkfj` a` y y kfedr`acmf` sd prdsdet`e de acs `pdebfjds J y B, r d s p d j t f v ` k d e t d , rdidrdejf`bcs ` acs tfpcs bd kcbdacs. Zd n` fetdet`bc da`hcr`r acs kcbdacs ue` i c r k` febdpdebfdetd bd acs de `trfhutcs qud sce `pafj`hads ` sca`kdetd

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Te` "cjurrdejf` kfedr`a" ue` ds jcejdetr`jfce bd kfedr`ads, tfpfj`kdetd pdrc de ec edjds`rf`kdetd jcesfbdr`b` tdrkfecs bd v`acrds ("jckkcbftfds"), jckc pcr dodkpac da jchrd, h`rftfe` u crc, a` ju`a sd jcesfbdr` bd v`acr pcr ue` pdrsce` de `amue aum`r, c a` ju`a ds bd fetdrds jfdetfifjc c tdjefjc. De r`r`s fest`ejf`s acs v`acrds prdsdet`rsd de pudbde jcejdetr`jfceds qud ec dxjdbde da v`acr prckdbfc bd a` `hueb`ejf` de a` jcrtdz` (jckc pcr dodkpac da tft`efc de ue` `rde` edmr` jcetdefdebc rutfac). Te kfedr`a" ue` "y`jfkfdetc ds c j u r r d e j f ` k f e d r ` a b d t`k`iac s u i f j f d e t d kdetd mr`ebd y bd ady t`e `at` qud, h`oc a`s k`s i`vcr`hads, jfrjuest`ejf`s sd jckc pubfdr` jcesfbdr`r tdedr rdkdbfc

uefjc y pcr dstc sd prdsdet`e a`s i`jjfceds tr`esidrfhads bd

 

ue y`jfkfdetc ` ctrc. Ds bfifjfa rd`afz`r dstc pcrqud ec sfdkprd sd jcecjde ju`ads sce a`s i`jjfceds qud sce dspfjiifj`s ` scac ue sftfc. tdrkfec "kcbdac, e Da usc bda de ju`etc ` a`s jfdejf`s tfdrr`s, fejfpf` ue` v`rfdb`b bd f k ` md e d s , bdsbd ue` bupafj`jfce ifsfj` bd a` icrk` bda suodtc, jckc pcr dodkpac ue kcbdac ` dsj`a` bd acs a`hcrdcs bd ue` kfe`, n`st` ue jcejdptc dxpafj` bdsjrfhd ue ueft`rfc qud c ideckdec jckpafj`bc. De da prdsdetd jcetdxtc utfafz`rdkcs sca`kdetd da sdmuebc sdetfbc. Ecs jcevaded prcpcedr ue` b dif e f jf c e bd "kcbdac" de da s d e t fb c bd y`jfcfdetcs kfedr`ads, jce da fetdetc bd f k p ` r t f r a` f e i c r k ` j f c e qud ec s ` s f s t d d e a` hus q ud b ` y dv`au`jfce bd y`jfkfdetcs kfedr`ads. Te kcbdac bd y`jfkfdetcs kfedr` ads s d b d i f e ` s d r a` p r d s d e t ` j f c e bd a` feicrk`jfce de ue` bfspcsfjfce sfstd k`tfj` qud bdsjrfhd (j`r`jtdrisacs `trfhutcs

sdjueb`rf` ds uec bd acs `trfhutcs k`s `jdpt`bcs bda kcbdac bd y`jfkfdetcs bd packc-zfej tfpc de Kfssfssfppf Y`aady, rcj` nudspdb j`rhce`t`b`. \drc, £jckc sd n` `jdrt`bc qud dstd ds ue `trfhutc qud n` dsdejf`a3 \ r d s u p c e m `k c s sd bdsjuhfdrtc ue y`jfkfdetc de j`afz`s7 £sd Kb fd ss js fc se st f` pr pi f` Yc` a asddy 3 ` s f 8j). ja`sfifj`jfce bd acs y ` jf kf de tc s s d mue da `khfdetd bd icrk`jfce bd a`s rcj`s prdsdet` dsj`a` k`s nudspdbds sd ` Dstd dsqudk` bd b dt` aa` b ` de da ju`brc 0 . ja`sfifj`jfce sd `pafj` i`jfakdetd ` acs qud sce y`jfkfdetcs dsdejf`akdetd jcetdkpcr`edcs jce a`s rcj`s ncspdb`etds pdrc j`sc acs de da bd y`jfkfdetcs dpfmdedtfjcs, prdsdet` ue jceiafjtc sd detrd da `khfdetd aftctdjtcefjc bd a` rcj`

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Mr`eftds y rfcaft`s jce `atc jcetdefbc bd siafjd Kc tfpc Jafk`x (V`jfkfdetcs bd iaucrdsp`tc) Ctr`s rcj`s idasfj`s y k`ifj`s fejauydebc rcj`s `aj`afe`s \crifbc bd Ju \`rdb bd rcj` j`aj`rd`s V`jfkfdetcs jdrj` bda jcet`jtc \crifbc bd Ju rda`jfce`bc ` sg`re Zg`re bd Ju Zg`re bd _e-\h Zg`re bd Id @ s h d s t c d e r c j ` n u d s p d b j ` r h ce ` t ` b ` V`jfkfdetcs adocs bda jcet`jtc Xddkpa`zc pcafkdt`afjc Xddkpa`zc bd Ke (@u de rcj` nudspdb j`rhce`t`b`) \`rdb bd rcj` vcaj`efj`s jcdv`ads De rcj`s mr`eitfj`s de rcj`s vcaj`efj`s idasfj`s \crifbc bd Ze Ydt`s bd Ze pcafkdt`afj`s . . De rcj`s j`ajc-`aj`afe`s c `aj`afe`s \crifbc bd Ju-@u (Ke dpftdrk`a) \`rdb bd rcj` imed`s y sdbfkdet`rf`s k`s `etfmu`s V`jfkfdetcs de fetrusfceds \ cri fb c bd Ju-Kc \crifbc bd Kc bdifjfdetd de I \crifbc bd ] V`jfkfdetcs de a` rcj` j`o` Ju-@s-Zh de rcj` nudspdb vcaj`efj` Ydt`s bd @u-@m-Rd Ydt`s pcafkdt`afj`s (@u dpftdrk`a jce ju`rzc-`aueft`) (Ydt`s `uriidr`s jce pcjc suaiurc)

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