3 7 Impactos Ambientais
September 12, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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KJFKQE@DE @QJLSJ E | NE]ÈSZBF => DH]ENSF^ DH]E NSF^ EHADJLSED^ E HADJLSED^
DH]ENSF^ LE ESHF^@JQE
j vjènubfs cj trelspfrtj (quj utdbdzeh nfhaustèvjds `þssjds) prfcuzjh suaprfcutfs quj sj ekrjkeh ef fxdkçldf ce ethfs`jre j quj, ef sjrjh cdssfbvdcfs le nouve, nejh lf sfbf sfa e `frhe cj nouve åndce.
Lfssf pbeljte tjh uhe ethfs`jre sdlkuber. E prjsjlëe cj cdþxdcf cj neraflf (kås neraóldnf, NF1), vepfr c—åkue j futrfs kesjs jh sue nfhpfsdëîf nfltrdaud pere quj jbe `ulndflj nfhf uhe nepe prftjtfre, dhpjcdlcf quj uhe pertj cf nebfr easfrvdcf ce drrecdeëîf sfber jsnepj pere f jspeëf jxtjrdfr. Cjssj hfcf, ä heltdce uhe sdtueëîf cj jqudbèardf tärhdnf, teltf cureltj f cde nfhf í lfdtj. Jsse pertdnuberdcecj ajläne ce nehece cj er rjnjaj f lfhj cj j`jdtf jstu`e. ^jh jssj nfajrtfr ethfs`ärdnf, f ^fb lîf nflsjkudrde equjnjr e Sjrre f sundjltj pere quj jbe `fssj oeadtåvjb, pfds e tjhpjreture häcde cf pbeljte jsterde jh tfrlf cj 5; ·N ljketdvfs j sue supjr`èndj pjrheljnjrde nfajrte cj kjbf. Enfltjnj quj f cjbdnecf tjrhfstetf cf j`jdtf jstu`e vjh sjlcf pjrturaecf pjbf cjshetehj cjshetehjltf ltf j pjbe qujdhe cjsnfltrfbece cj nfhaustèvjds `þssjds nfhf f pjtrþbjf j f nervîf. Nfh dssf, euhjlte f vfbuhj cj kås neraóldnf le ethfs`jre j f pbeljte ne heds qujltj. Es nflsjquçlndes, sjkulcf hudtfs pjsqudsecfrjs, sîf dlvjrlfs nece vjz heds rdkfrfsfs, nouves tfrrjlndeds j futres pjrturaeëújs hjtjfrfbþkdnes. Futrfs ndjltdstes etrdaujh ef equjndhjltf e hjlfr jspjssure ce nehece cj kjbf pfber lf vjrîf. F rjsubtecf sjrde f equjndhjltf cfs fnjelfs, nfh jlfrhj dhpentf le necjde ce vdce herdloe j futrfs cjscfarehjltfs. Futre årje nrètdne le ethfs`jre ä e nehece cj fzóldf, quj prftjkj nfltre f nálnjr cj pjbj j futrfs j`jdtfs ljketdvfs ce recdeëîf ubtrevdfbjte jhdtdce pjbfs redfs sfberjs. Es hfbänubes cjssj jsnucf ethfs`ärdnf
Cjvjhfs bjharer, nfltucf, quj fs pfbujltjs, nerrjkecfs pjbfs vjltfs, pfcjh vdeger hdboerjs cj qudbóhjtrfs, prfvfnelcf nouves åndces jh bfneds hudtf cdsteltjs ces `fltjs pfbudcfres. E nouve åndce, ef etdlkdr f sfbf, jhpfarjnj e vjkjteëîf letureb j es pbelteëújs. Sehaäh e`jte e `eule j e fre cj rdfs j bekfes, prjgucdnelcf e pjsne. Ebkuhes hjcdces pfcjh etjluer e `frheëîf cj nouve åndce7 jnflfhde cj jljrkde, usf cj trelspfrtj nfbjtdvf, nrdeëîf j usf cj `fltjs cj jljrkde hjlfs pfbujltjs, utdbdzeëîf cj nfhaustèvjds nfh aedxf tjfr cj jlxf`rj, jtn.
CJ^HESEHJLSF
pessereh e sjr cjstruèces pjbf nbfrfufrneraflf (N@N), uh kås jhdtdcf pjbfs rj`rdkjrecfrjs j futrfs prfcutfs dlcustrdebdzecfs. dlcustrdebdze cfs. ^urkdu cjssj hfcf, le nehece cj fzóldf, uh kdkeltjsnf aurenf quj jh njrtes fnesdújs nojke e etdlkdr >5 hdboújs cj qudbóhjtrfs quecrecfs.
NOZPE ÅNDCE E nouve åndce ä prfvfnece pjbe prfcuëîf cj kesjs belëecfs le ethfs`jre. Oå ekjltjs letureds quj `ezjh dssf, nfhf, pfr jxjhpbf, fs vubnújs. E etdvdcecj ouhele, nfltucf, ä e prdlndpeb neusecfre cf `jlóhjlf. Dlc÷strdes, usdles tjrhfjbätrdnes
F cjshetehjltf ä uhe ces dltjrvjlëújs ouheles quj heds prjgucdneh f pbeljte. ]fcj neuser särdfs celfs ef nbdhe, í adfcdvjrsdcecj adfcdvjrs dcecj j ís pjssfes. Cjsheter prjgucdne fs jnfssdstjhes j bjve í jxtdlëîf cj njltjles cj jspändjs. Årvfrjs sîf krelcjs easfrvjcfres cj cdþxdcf cj neraflf, uh cfs kesjs neusecfrjs cf j`jdtf jstu`e. ]frteltf, quelcf f ofhjh cjrruae frjstes, tehaäh dltjlsdne f prfabjhe cf equjndhjltf kbfaeb. Cjltrj futres nflsjquçlndes, f cjshetehjltf prfvfne cjkreceëîf cjkreceë îf cf sfbf, euhjltf ce cjsjrtdneëîf j jrfsújs, hudtes vjzjs nfhprfhjtjlcf fs sdstjhes odcrfkrånfs. Es pfbètdnes cj rjfrjstehjltf, hudtf nfhjlteces lfs cdes etueds, sîf epjles sfbuëújs perndeds, pfds, edlce quj egucjh e nfltjr f equjndhjltf kbfaeb, cdndbhjltj nflsjkudrîf nflsjkudrîf rjnupjrer e adfcdvjrsdcecj ces rjkdújs e`jteces. 5?5
> = F B Z S È ] E N E J S L J Q @ E D @ E Q K F J K
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF =>
DH]ENSF^ DH]E NSF^ EHADJLSED^
Dboes cj nebfr ä f lfhj quj sj cå e uh `jlóhjlf nbdhåtdnf quj fnfrrj prdlndpebhjltj les ndcecjs nfh jbjvecf kreu cj uraeldzeëîf. Ljstes ndcecjs, e tjhpjreture häcde nfstuhe sjr heds jbjvece cf quj les rjkdújs rureds prþxdhes. E krelcj nflnjltreëîf cj es`ebtf (rues, evjldces) j nflnrjtf (präcdfs, neses j futres nflstruëújs) nflnjltre heds nebfr, `ezjlcf nfh quj e tjhpjreture quj endhe ce häcde. E `frheëîf j prjsjlëe cj dboes cj nebfr lf hulcf sîf ljketdves pere f hjdf ehadjltj, pfds `evfrjnjh e dltjlsdneëîf cf `jlóhjlf cf equjndhjltf kbfaeb.
DLPJQ^ÎF SÄQHDNE
QJPD^ÎF LE L E ]BESE@FQHE ]BESE@FQHE > = F B Z S È ] E N E J S L J Q @ E D @ E Q K F J K
EZBE^ =0
E nehece cj er `rde, pfr sjr heds pjsece, eneae cjsnjlcf j nelcf luhe rjkdîf prþxdhe í supjr`èndj tjrrjstrj, rjtjlcf fs pfbujltjs. F er qujltj, pfr sjr heds bjvj, ne luhe nehece supjrdfr, dhpjcdlcf e cdspjrsîf cfs pfbujltjs. Jstj `jlóhjlf nbdhåtdnf pfcj fnfrrjr jh quebqujr cde cf elf, pfräh ä lf dlvjrlf quj jbj ä heds nfhuh. Ljste äpfne cf elf, es nouves sîf reres, cdnubtelcf edlce heds e cdspjrsîf cfs pfbujltjs, sjlcf quj f prfabjhe sj ekreve. Les krelcjs ndcecjs, pfcjhfs fasjrver lf ofrdzfltj, e fbof lu, uhe nehece cj nfr ndlze `frhece pjbfs pfbujltjs. Jstjs sîf rjsubtecf ce qujdhe cj nfhaustèvjds `þssjds nfhf fs cjrdvecfs cf pjtrþbjf utdbdzecfs pjbfs eutfhþvjds eutfhþvjds j nehdloújs.
>. @È^DNE >.;. DH]ENSF^ EHADJLSED^ E]F^SDBE^7 5 rjsuhf + 5= qujstújs J_JQNÈNDF^ FLBDLJ7 >= qujstújs NEDZ LF JLJH7 03 qujstújs
]rfabjhes cj ^e÷cj
Jssj `jlóhjlf e`jte cdrjtehjltj e se÷cj ces pjssfes, prdlndpebhjltj ces nrdelëes, prfvfnelcf cfjlëes cj frcjh rjspdretþrde, rjspdretþrd e, nelseëf, jltrj futrfs prfabjhes cj se÷cj. ]jssfes e`jteces pfr cfjlëes nfhf, pfr jxjhpbf, arflqudtj j eshe sîf es heds e`jteces nfh jste sdtueëîf.
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UZJ^SÎF =5 (ZJHE) Bjde f tjxtf7
^fbuëújs
^fbuëújs pere jstjs prfabjhes jstîf bdkeces cdrjtehjltj í ecfëîf cj pfbdtdnes ehadjlteds jndjltjs quj vdsjh cdhdludr f lèvjb cj pfbudëîf cf er lfs krelcjs njltrfs uraelfs. E suastdtudëîf cj nfhaustèvjds `þssjds pjbfs adfnfhaustèvjds fu jljrkde jbätrdne pfcjrde rjcuzdr sdkldnetdvehjltj jstj prfabjhe. Nehpeloes p÷abdnes nflsndjltdzelcf es pjssfes sfarj e ljnjssdcecj cj trfner f trelspfrtj dlcdvdcueb (pertdnuber) pjbf trelspfrtj p÷abdnf (óldaus j hjtró) tehaäh egucerde e ehjldzer f prfabjhe. E snebdzeëîf les rjkdújs flcj fnfrrjh qujdheces drrjkuberjs tehaäh nfltrdaudrde ljstj sjltdcf.
DBOE^ CJ NEBFQ
Zh prfgjtf cj Bjd jh Nurdtdae (]Q) prjtjlcj tfrler fardketþrdfs fs tjboecfs vjrcjs jh präcdfs lfvfs ce ndcecj. F fagjtdvf, cj enfrcf nfh f prfgjtf, ä rjcuzdr e pfbudëîf ehadjlteb, f nflsuhf cj jljrkde j es dboes cj nebfr. Sehaäh prjvç quj e vjkjteëîf sjge letdve j jxdge pfune åkue. SDLSD, ^dhflj. Pjrcj lf tjboecf. Qjvdste Pdce ^dhpbjs. ^îf ]eubf7 Eardb, jc. 5>1, 1=5>.
E dcjde cf prfgjtf ä ehpbder årjes vjrcjs pere rjcuëîf cj prfabjhes ehadjlteds ehadjlteds nfhuls jh ndcecjs. E rjbeëîf jltrj årjes vjrcjs j dboes cj nebfr ä fasjrvece jh E. rjsjrves frjsteds jh quj f euhjltf cj tjhpjreture neuse
jvepfreëîf, fnesdflelcf nouves j tjhpjstecjs tjhpjstecjs.. A. årjes erafrdzeces jh quj f kås neraóldnf ä enuhubecf jh
jxnjssf, pjrhdtdlcf e bdajreëîf cj nebfr. N. supjr`èndjs vjrcjs jh quj es `fboes ces årvfrjs easfrvjh f nebfr ce ethfs`jre, jvdtelcf f euhjltf ce tjhpjreture bfneb. C. ndcecjs häcdes j pjqujles jh quj oå hedfr nflnjltreëîf cj pfbujltjs le jstretfs`jre, `evfrjnjlcf f euhjltf ce tjhpjreture. J. perqujs j preëes jh quj oå hedfr prjsjlëe cj åkue j cj kås neraóldnf, `evfrjnjlcf f euhjltf ce tjhpjreture j ces nouves.
5?1
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF => UZJ^SÎF =1
Uueds jstîf nfrrjtes6
(ZJQG) ]ere jvdter lfvfs ekjbfs
E. A. N. C. J.
Fs jvjltfs jxtrjhfs cj nurte cureëîf, nfhf es nouves dltjlses quj neèreh sfarj ^îf ]eubf j futres ndcecjs aresdbjdres nfh sues tråkdnes nflsjquçlndes, vîf sj dltjlsdner nfh es hucelëes nbdhåtdnes jh nursf oå ebkuhes cäneces. ‒Le cänece cj 54>= j, sj `frhfs uh pfunf heds etrås lf tjhpf, lf sänubf _D_, lîf fnfrrdeh teltfs jvjltfs jxtrjhfs cj nouve nfhf enfltjnjh ofgj le ndcecj cj ^îf ]eubf‘, cdz Nerbfs Lfarj, cf Dlstdtutf Lendfleb cj ]jsqudses Jspendeds. ‒Dssf ä hucelëe nbdhåtdne, lîf ljnjsserdehjltj prfvfnece pjbf equjndhjltf kbfaeb‘, rjssebte. F heds prfvåvjb ä quj e hedfr pertj cjsse hucelëe nbdhåtdne tjloe frdkjh le prþprde Qjkdîf Hjtrfpfbdtele cj ^îf ]eubf. JQJLF, Cdlfreo. Eceptecf cj rjvdstepjsqudse.`epjsp.ar, 10/=:/1=5=.
Nflsdcjrelcf e cdláhdne ehadjlteb cj krelcjs hjtrþpfbjs, nfhf ^îf ]eubf, es ndrnulstálndes bfneds pere e jbjveëîf cf èlcdnj cj nouves epfltece lf tjxtf jstîf rjbendfleces ef `jlóhjlf cj7 E. A. N. C.
dboe cj nebfr dlvjrsîf tärhdne nehpf cj vjltf prjndpdteëîf åndce
J_JQNÈNDF^
Epjles D. Epjles DD. Epjles DDD. Epjles D j DDD. D, DD j DDD.
UZJ^SÎF =3 (NJ@JS - HK) Esfndfehadjlteds nrdsj sfarj e jsnessjz cj åkue ä uhe ces hedfrjs prjfnupeëújs ce etuebdcecj. Ä nflsdcjrece pfr ebkuls jspjndebdstes nfhf f hedfr cjsef cf lfvf sänubf j hfstrfu-sj ekrevece lf njlårdf aresdbjdrf e pertdr cj 1=51. Essdh, hjcdces cj rjjcuneëîf cj oåadtfs j rjeprfvjdtehjltf cjssj rjnursf vdteb tfrleh-sj ljnjssårdes.
Lf Aresdb, ebkuhes cjstes hjcdces vfbteces pere hjbofrer f eprfvjdtehjltf ce åkue `freh bdsteces e sjkudr. D. DD. DDD. DP. P.
Cdhdludëîf ce pjrce lfs sdstjhes sdstjhes cj cdstrdaudëîf. Eprfvjdtehjltf ce åkue pbuvdeb jh sdstjhes nfbjtfrjs. Epbdneëîf cj tänldnes heds jndjltjs cj drrdkeëîf. Dlcdvdcuebdzeëîf Dlcdvdcuebdz eëîf cfs odcróhjtrfs. Qjeprfvjdtehjltf Qjeprfvjdtehjlt f ce ce åkue tretece.
UZJ^SÎF =>
Jltrj es hjcdces bdsteces, es ÷ldnes quj LÎF pfcjh sjr epbdneces
(Z@QK^) Fasjrvj e kure eaedxf.
ehpbehjltj jh tfcfs fs sjtfrjs ce jnflfhde cf peès sîf E. D j DP. A. D j P. N. DD j DDD. C. DD j P. J. DDD j DP.
UZJ^SÎF =: (J^]NJ_ (EHEL)) ‒Qjbetþrdfs ce FLZ ebjrteh quj sj f pecrîf cj nflsuhf lîf hucer, jh 1=1:, 5.? adboîf cj pjssfes jsterîf vdvjlcf jh rjkdújs nfh easfbute jsnessjz cj åkue, j cfds tjrëfs ce pfpubeëîf cf hulcf pfcjrå jster vdvjlcf sfa nflcdëújs cj jstrjssj oècrdnf‘. rjcjkbfaf.kbfaf.nfh/kbfafjnfbfkde/lftdnde/1=5>/=:/hulcfjl`rjlte.nrdsj-cj-ekue-cfnj
^farj fs `etfrjs rjbendflecfs í nrdsj cj eaestjndhjltf cj åkue pftåvjb lf hulcf, pfcjhfs erher quj
Nflsdcjrj es erheëújs sfarj fs rjsècufs sþbdcfs nfbjtecfs lf Aresdb. D. F euhjltf cf pfcjr cj nfhpre cfs aresdbjdr aresdbjdrfs fs jstå `ezjlcf nfh quj e pfpubeëîf cf peès kjrj nece vjz heds bdxf dlfrkáldnf, f quj lîf ä enfhpeloecf pjbe dhpbelteëîf cj prfkrehes cj nfbjte sjbjtdve j pjbf vfbuhj cj hetjrdeb rjndnbecf. DD. E rjcuzdce rjcuzdce nfbjte cj rjsècufs uraelfs uraelfs le rjkdîf Lfrtj ä jxpbdnece pjbe hedfr prjfnupeëîf ehadjlteb cfs oeadteltjs, ecfteh e pråtdne cf nfl suhfsucjstj, rjcuzdcfessfndece j ce rjndnbekjh. DDD. quj E cjlse uraeldzeëîf cenflsuhf rjkdîf í hedfr nflnjltreëîf cj rjlce, jxpbdne fs cecfs jxprjssdvfs cj rjsècufs sþbdcfs uraelfs nfbjtecfs pfr cde.
D. jhafre e åkue cfnj cdspflèvjb lf hulcf ubtrepessj ubtrepessj berkehjltj es ljnjssdcecjs cj nflsuhf etueds, e nrdsj ce åkue ä uhe rjebdcecj lf pbeljte. DD. jh hudtfs hudtfs peèsjs, peèsjs, es rjsjrves cj åkue suatjrráljes suatjrráljes rjlfvehrjlfvehsj jh vjbfndcecj hjlfr quj e rjtdrece cj åkue, prfvfnelcf e sjnekjh cj pfëfs j uh j`jdtf cj suasdcçlnde (rjaedxehjltf) (rjaedxehjltf) aesteltj prflulndecf jh sues årjes uraeles, quj nfhprfhjtj e jstruture ces nflstruëújs j cfs hfluhjltfs odstþrdnfs. DDD. e nflstruëîf cj aerrekjls jh rdfs nfhpertdboecfs pfr cd`jrjltjs peèsjs, vdeadbdzelcf prfgjtfs cj drrdkeëîf j ajljndelcf es etdvdcecjs ekrènfbes, tjh nfltrdauècf pere e rjcuëîf cf jstrjssj oècrdnf jltrj jssjs peèsjs. DP. f Equè`jrf Kuereld ä uhe dhpfrteltj rjsjrve jstretäkdne cj rjnursfs oècrdnfs pere f Njltrf- ^ub cf Aresdb, e queb edlce lîf jstå sjlcf jxpbfrece, oege vdste es eaulceltjs nouves quj ebdhjlteh fs rdfs, fs queds, pfr sd sþ, kereltjh f eaestjndhjltf ce rjkdîf heds cdláhdne cf ]eès. P. jltrj fs cdvjrsfs usfs ce åkue, f usf dlcustrdeb dlcustrdeb ä f quj eprjsjlte es hedfrjs texes cj cjspjrcèndf jh tjrhfs kbfaeds. 5?>
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF =>
Essdlebj e ebtjrletdve jh quj tfces es erhetdves jstîf nfrrjtes7 E. A. N. C. J.
D j DD DD j DDD DD j DP D, DP j P DD, DDD j P
UZJ^SÎF =0
J_JQNÈNDF^
sue hedfrde, nfhpflcf es aendes odcrfkrånes ce rjkdîf Lfrcjstj cf Aresdb. J. F tretehjltf cfs rdfs pfbuècfs sj cå tehaäh pfr nflte cf cjspjrcèndf cj åkue, pfds sj jssj rjnursf `fssj utdbdzecf cj hfcf nfltrfbecf lîf oevjrde jsse ljnjssdcecj, pfds f ndnbf ce åkue leturebhjltj jbdhdle es dhpurjzes.
UZJ^SÎF =? (ZJQL) ^farj fs prfabjhes ehadjlteds ehadjlteds lf njlårdf hulcdeb j sue
(@KP) E rjnupjreëîf j e nflsjrveëîf cj epjles >% ces årjes cfs quetrf prdlndpeds helelndeds quj eaestjnjh e Krelcj ^îf ]eubf rjcuzdrdeh pjbe hjtecj f essfrjehjltf cfs nþrrjkfs j rdfs quj ebdhjlteh es rjprjses, kereltdlcf heds åkue j hjbofr quebdcecj jh tjhpfs cj jsnessjz oècrdne. ottp7//sef-peubf.jstecef.nfh.ar/lftdndes/kjreb,r ottp7//sef-peubf .jstecef.nfh.ar/lftdndes/kjreb,rjfrjster-erje-ehpbderde-r jfrjster-erje-ehpbderde-rjsjrve-cjjsjrve-cjekue-jh-sp,5:0=30
Nflsdcjrelcf e rjpfrtekjh j sjus nflojndhjltfs sfarj f essultf, ä nfrrjtf erher7 E. Fs dlvjstdhjltfs jh dl`rejstruture vjrcj, teds nfhf e
A.
N.
C.
J.
rjnupjreëîf j e nflsjrveëîf cj helelndeds, rjsubteh jh euhjltf le nependcecj cj erhezjlehjltf cj åkue j jh rjcuëîf cfs nustfs nfh tretehjlt tretehjltf f j crekekjh. E rjnupjreëîf j e nflsjrveëîf ces årjes cfs helelndeds ä uhe ebtjrletdve ef rendflehjltf cj åkue, gå quj rjprjsjlte uhe sfbuëîf cj nurtf prezf pere ehpbder e f`jrte oècrdne le Krelcj ^îf ]eubf. Fs prfgjtfs cj rjnupjreëîf j nflsjrveëîf cj nfajrture vjkjteb sîf, jh häcde, hudtf heds fljrfsfs quj e sdhpbjs trelspfsdëîf cj aendes odcrfkrånes, `etf quj jxpbdne e rjgjdëîf cf pfcjr p÷abdnf e jssjs prfgjtfs. Es rjkdújs peubdstes cj helelndeds gå jstîf prftjkdces pjbe Bjd cj Helelndeds, quj bdhdte j`jtdvehjltj f cjshetehjltf9 essdh, f kelof nfh e rjnupjreëîf j e nflsjrveëîf sjrde epjles herkdleb. Hjshf sj fnfrrjssjh e rjnupjreëîf j e nflsjrveëîf ces aendes, e sdtueëîf cj eaestjndhjltf cj åkue nfltdluerde crehåtdne le Krelcj ^îf ]eubf, pfds e pfpubeëîf nfltdlue nrjsnjlcf jxpfljlndebhjltj j lîf oå sfbuëîf tänldne nepez cj kereltdr f eaestjndhjltf pere telte kjltj.
UZJ^SÎF =; (ZN^) F Aresdb, epjser cj pfssudr aendes odcrfkrånes dhpfrteltjs dhpfrteltjs jh tfces es rjkdújs, vjh celcf etjlëîf í qujstîf ce åkue, jh vdrtucj ce sdstjhåtdne cjtjrdfreëîf cfs rjnursfs oècrdnfs j ce nrjsnjltj jsnessjz cjssjs rjnursfs. Lf tfneltj e jssj tjhe, essdlebj e ebtjrletdve quj sj rjbendfle e jste prfabjhåtdne ehadjlteb. E. E cjkreceëîf cfs rjnursfs oècrdnfs, jh jspjndeb ces
åkues suatjrráljes, ä fnesdflece pjbe pfbudëîf, frdulce prdlndpebhjltj cfs jskftfs cfhästdnfs j cfs rjgjdtfs ces pråtdnes cj evdeëîf. A. F jskftf uraelf ä f bfnus cfs cjpþsdtfs frdulcfs ces rjsdcçlndes, jhprjses j dlc÷strdes, prdlndpeb pfbudcfr cfs rdfs9 jltrjteltf, lf nesf cf Qdf Sdjtç, quj etrevjsse e rjkdîf hjtrfpfbdtele cj ^îf ]eubf, e sdtueëîf ä nrètdne sfhjltj jh vdrtucj cf rjkdhj cj nouves quj ä jsnessf le rjkdîf. N. Sjr rjcj cj jskftf lîf sdkldne quj sj jstå jvdtelcf e pfbudëîf, pfds nelebdzer j lîf treter fs jujltjs gfkecfs lfs rdfs epjles bjve pere heds cdsteltj, e pfbudëîf prfcuzdce les årjes uraeles j rureds. C. F peès ä rdnf jh rdfs, cj crjlekjh jlcfrrjdne, e hedfrde pjrjlj, pfräh ebkuls rdfs sîf tjhpfrårdfs. Jstjs jstîf, jh 5?3
cdláhdne lfs jspeëfs uraelfs j rureds, ä nfrrjtf erher quj E. les krelcjs ndcecjs, f `jlóhjlf ce dboe cj nebfr ekreve
e nflnjltreëîf cj pfbujltjs le ethfs`jre, cdnubtelcf e ndrnubeëîf cf er j prfvfnelcf dl÷hjrfs prfabjhes cj se÷cj í pfpubeëîf, jspjndebhjltj lf dlvjrlf. A. fs peèsjs suacjsjlvfbvdcfs sîf fs prdlndpeds rjspflsåvjds rjspflsåvjds pjbe hedfr pertj cfs kesjs tþxdnfs belëecfs le ethfs`jre. Ljssjs peèsjs, es pfbètdnes vfbteces pere e prjsjrveëîf ehadjlteb sîf prdfrdtårdes j sjvjres, nfh hjtes e nuhprdr, jsteajbjndces pjbf ]rftfnfbf cj Iyftf. N. lf nehpf, es hflfnubtures zjreh nfh quj e utdbdzeëîf cj dlsjtdndces lf nfhaetj ís prekes `evfrjnjssj e cdhdludëîf cj prjcecfrjs letureds, prfvfnelcf cjsjqudbèardfs les necjdes ebdhjlterjs. Nfltucf, jssj hfcjbf ekrènfbe hdldhdze e dlndcçlnde ce jrfsîf lfs sfbfs. C. es nouves åndces jstîf rjbendfleces í jhdssîf cj pfbujltjs, jspjndebhjltj etdvdcecjs Nfhf le ethfs`jre lîf oåpjbes aerrjdre jltrj uhe dlcustrdeds. rjkdîf j futre, ä nfhuh fs pfbujltjs jhdtdcfs luhe ndcecj prfvfnerjh nouve åndce jh rjkdújs vdzdloes. Lf Aresdb, es nouves åndces prfvfnereh hudtfs celfs le Hete Etbáltdne ce ^jrre cf Her jltrj es cäneces cj ;= j ?=.
UZJ^SÎF =4 (Z@Z) ^fbf cf sucfjstj ke÷nof sf`rj prfnjssf cj erjldzeëîf
Gjel Qehfs, cj 1; elfs, lesnju j `fd nrdecf lf pehpe. Ä uh ofhjh sdhpbjs nfhf tfcfs fs hfrecfrjs ce bfnebdcecj cj Genequå, ÷ldne rjkdîf cf dltjrdfr cf huldnèpdf cj Ebjkrjtj. Cj pä sfarj uhe pjcre, Gjel vç sj jstjlcjr e sjus päs uhe pedsekjh dlsþbdte7 jh vjz cfs dllcåvjds nehpfs j bevfures nerentjrèstdnfs cf buker, uhe helnoe cj erjde cj ?> ojnterjs, jqudvebjltj e njrne cj 555 nehpfs cj `utjafb, quj evelëe sfarj fs qudlteds ces neses. Cdspflèvjb jh7 2ottp7//www.sjsns 2ottp7//www.sjsnsp.frk.ar/flbdlj/ p.frk.ar/flbdlj/ertdkf/nfhpertdb ertdkf/nfhpertdboer/13>=V oer/13>=V EQJDE+EHJENE+F+]EH]E< EQJDE+EHJENE+F+] EH]E<
F prfnjssf cj erjldzeëîf le årje cjsnrdte tjh sj dltjlsdnecf jh cjnfrrçlnde ce E. A. N. C.
hucelëe nbdhåtdne j e cdhdludëîf ces nouves. supjrjxpbfreëîf supjrjxpbf reëîf ekrènfbe j e pjnuårde jxtjlsdve. betjrdzeëîf cf sfbf j e eëîf cf vjltf. hflfnubture ce nele-cj-eë÷ner j e kjreëîf cf vdloftf.
UZJ^SÎF 5= (Z@^H) F hjdf ehadjltj ouhelf nfstuhe sjr cdvdcdcf jh hjdf nubtureb, nflstdtuècf pjbfs prfcutfs ce etdvdcecj ouhele (jcd`èndfs, ekrdnubture, dlstdtudëújs p÷abdnes j sfndeds, dlc÷strdes), j f hjdf letureb, quj ä e leturjze jh sd (sfbfs, rdfs, nbdhe, rjbjvf,
vjkjteëîf frdkdleb).
PJ^JLSDLD, G.[. Kjfkree7 f hulcf jh trelsdëîf. ^îf ]eubf7 Åtdne, 1==4. p. 04>.
Nfh rjbeëîf ef nflgultf cj jbjhjltfs quj nflstdtujh f hjdf ehadjltj ouhelf, ä nfrrjtf erher quj
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF =>
J_JQNÈNDF^
E. f hjdf nubtureb, nfh e dlcustrdebdzeëîf j uraeldzeëîf, pesse
E. ebkuls beafretþrdfs `erhençutdnfs pjcdrjh pere f Aresdb
e prjcfhdler sfarj f letureb, hes f Aresdb nflstdtud uhe jxnjëîf, jxnjëî f, sjlcf uh cfs pfunfs peèsjs jh quj e hfcjrldzeëîf fnesdflfu e prjsjrveëîf cj jlfrhjs årjes les queds f hjdf letureb prjcfhdle. A. f prfnjssf cj hfcjrldzeëîf ce sfndjcecj aresdbjd aresdbjdre re fnesdflfu uhe särdj cj dhpentfs sfndeds ljketdvfs, nfhf, pfr jxjhpbf, e nflnjltreëîf ce rjlce lendfleb, e hubtdpbdneëîf cj `evjbes j futres hfrecdes rucdhjlterjs rucdhjlterjs lfs krelcjs njltrfs uraelfs. N. e Ehezólde aresdbjdre, jhafre vjloe sf`rjlcf uh prfnjssf
retdner f prftfnfbf. sjr nflsdcjrecf pjbe aelnece rurebdste nfhf uhe ehjeëe ef ekrfljkþndf aresdbjdrf, nfh prjguèzfs pere f sjtfr. nfhuldcecjs dlcèkjles lece tjrjh rjnjadcf ce dlc÷strde `erhençutdne pjbf usf cj sjus rjnursfs letureds. f Aresdb jspjrer fs rjsubtecfs fatdcfs le Nfl`jrçlnde Hulcdeb ce Adfcdvjrsdcecj, Adfcdvjrsdcecj, rjebdzece le Nfrjde cf ^ub. f prftfnfbf lîf pjrhdtdr quj sjge eprfvece e bjd quj trete cf enjssf j ce pjsqudse cf hetjrdeb kjlätdnf aresdbjdrf.
cj cjvesteëîf jh `enj ce letureb, sue dhjlse adfcdvjrsdcecj, nflstdtud f qujfrjsteb, sj cjlfhdle hjdf fu sjge, e prdhjdre leturjze. C. e dltrfcuëîf jh berke jsnebe cj pbeltes j eldheds kjljtdnehjltj hfcdnecfs ausne rjnupjrer e pjrce cj adfcdvjrsdcecj j rjnrder es pjrturaeëújs le necjde ebdhjlter prfhfvdces pfr dhpentfs ehadjlteds, pjrhdtdlcf rjtfher-sj f nflnjdtf cj prdhjdre leturjze pere f tjrrdtþrdf aresdbjdrf. aresdbjdrf. J. e jxdstçlnde eaulceltj cj årjes vjrcjs (rjsjrves frjsteds, perqujs nfh hudtes årvfrjs) les krelcjs j häcdes ndcecjs aresdbjdres jbdhdle fs j`jdtfs ce pfbudëîf lf er, ebäh cj prfpfrndfler verdeces fpëújs cj bezjr.
UZJ^SÎF 55 (ZJNJ) ‒Ä jvdcjltj quj f Nflsjrvendfldshf luhe årje suacjsjlvfbvdce j cftece cj jbjveces texes cjhfkrånes
A. N. C. J.
UZJ^SÎF 5> (ZJNJ) F Dlstdtutf Nodnf Hjlcjs cj Nflsjrveëîf ce Adfcdvjrsdcecj „ DNHAdf „ pfssud cjltrj es sues etrdaudëújs e nrdeëîf cj Zldcecjs cj Nflsjrveëîf. Zldcecj cj Nflsjrveëîf ä cjldce nfhf E. uh jspeëf tjrrdtfrdeb j sjus rjnursfs ehadjlteds, dlnbudlcf es
åkues gurdscdndfleds, nfh nerentjrèstdnes letureds rjbjveltjs, bjkebhjltj dlstdtuècf pjbf ]fcjr ]÷abdnf, nfh fagjtdvfs cj nflsjrveëîf j bdhdtjs cjldcfs, sfa rjkdhj jspjndeb cj echdldstreëîf, ef queb sj epbdneh kereltdes ecjqueces cj prftjëîf. A. uhe årje fu pernjbe cf tjrrdtþrdf cjbdhdtece j rjkubehjltece pfr bjkdsbeëîf jspjnène nfh f fagjtdvf jxnbusdvf cj kereltdr e prjsjrveëîf cj jspändjs eldheds ehjeëeces cj jxtdlëîf.
jlnfltre fastånubfs, ís vjzjs, prþprdf kreu cj cjpjlcçlnde `ulndfleb, cj qujdltrelspflèvjds. sîf pfssudcfrjsFfs nflstdtudltjs ce adfs`jre, rjprjsjlte jhpjndbof dhjcdetf.‘
N. pfr uhe årje `jcjreb cj nfhpjtçlnde jxnbusdveprdhfrcdebhjltj ce Zldîf, cjbdhdteceí bjkdsbeëîf jspjnène, cjstdlece
^FZWE, Hernfs Gfsä Lfkujdre cj. ‒^uasècdfs pere uhe ]fbètdne Nflsjrvendfldste cfs Qjnursfs
C. f nflgultf cj hätfcfs, prfnjcdhjltfs prfnjcdhjltfs j pfbètdnes quj vdsjh í
Letureds Qjlfvåvjds cf Njerå‘. p. ?5. Sjrre Bdvrj :. F Jspeëf jh qujstîf. EKA - Essfndeëîf cfs Kjþkre`fs Aresdbjdrfs. Jc. Hernf Wjrf. 54??. Nflsdcjrelcf f jxnjrtf, essdlebj e ÷ldne ebtjrletdve quj eprjsjlte jbjhjltfs pere uhe pfbètdne cj nflsjrveëîf ce leturjze. E. Nflstruëîf cj eëucjs j ecutfres nfhf supfrtj ís etdvdcecjs
dlcustrdeds j ekrfdlcustrded ekrfdlcustrdeds. s. A. Hfldtfrehjlt Hfldtfrehjltf f cj jujltjs, jxpbfreëîf jxpbfreëîf cfs sfbfs erkdbfsfs j
eajrture cj lfves årjes cj pestekjh. N. Qjtdrece ce vjkjteëîf ndbder lf adfhe ce neetdlke j nflstruëîf cj aerrekjls suatjrráljes suatjrráljes.. C. Heljgf cfs sfbfs, prftjëîf ces årjes cj lesnjltjs j nfltrfbj cf cjshetehjlt cjshetehjltf. f.
UZJ^SÎF 51 (@KP) F ]rftfnfbf ce Adfcdvjrsdcecj, nflsdcjrecf odstþrdnf le sue nrdeëîf, jh 1=5=, le 5=ª Nflvjlëîf Hulcdeb ce Adfcdvjrsdcecj, jh Lekfde, lf Gepîf, fagjtdve kereltdr e cdvdsîf guste j jqudtetdve cj ajlj`èndfs kjrecfs pjbf usf cfs rjnursfs kjlätdnfs j ce adfcdvjrsdcecj, nfhaetjlcf e adfpdreterde, prftjkjlcf f petrdhóldf adfbþkdnf cfs peèsjs, pfr hjdf cj dlstruhjltfs, nfhf e nrdeëîf cj rfyebtdjs pere f usf ce fre j ce `eule bfneds. Jltrerå jh vdkfr epþs e retdneëîf pfr := peèsjs, j f Aresdb, jhafre tjloe essdlecf f cfnuhjltf ce nrdeëîf cf prftfnfbf,
ekuerce e retdneëîf pjbf Nflkrjssf. Ä nflsdcjrecf uh prfabjhe pere e retdneëîf cf ]rftfnfbf cj Lekfde pjbf Nflkrjssf aresdbjdrf, f `etf cj
prftjëîf j nflsjrveëîf cj lesnjltjs. prftjëîf, e bflkf prezf, ces jspändjs, oeadtets j jnfssdstjhes, ebäh ce helutjlëîf cfs prfnjssfs jnfbþkdnfs, prjvjldlcf e sdhpbdneëîf cfs sdstjhes letureds.
UZJ^SÎF 53 (Z@^H) ]ere es sfndjcecjs uraelf-dlcustrdeds, fs jbjhjltfs letureds rjprjsjlteh rjnursfs quj sjrvjh í bþkdne ce prfcuëîf j cf nflsuhf jh berke jsnebe. F Aresdb cdspúj cj uh tjrrdtþrdf sdfkrenehjltj cd`jrjlndecf, nfh uhe krelcj verdjcecj cj sdstjhes letureds sfarj fs queds e odstþrde `fd sj `ezjlcf cj uh hfcf tehaäh cd`jrjlndecf. @fltj7 FBDN, L. A.9 ^DBP ^DBPE, E, E. N. ce9 BFWELF, Q. Pjrjce cdkdteb kjfkree.
Nfh rjbeëîf í eprfprdeëîf cfs rjnursfs letureds lf Aresdb, nflsdcjrj es erhetdves e sjkudr. D. E hflfnubture cj jxpfrteëîf fnupfu vestes årjes jh cdrjëîf í rjkdîf Njltrf-Fjstj, `ezjlcf evelëer es `rfltjdres ekrènfbes j ehjeëelcf f petrdhóldf kjlätdnf ce fre j `eule cf Njrrecf, jh `enj ce krelcj cjvesteëîf quj etdlkj jssj cfhèldf. DD. F hjdf letureb dltfnecf dltfnecf cjdxfu cj jxdstdr jxdstdr oå hudtf tjhpf tjhpf j, pfrteltf, f jspeëf kjfkrånf rjsubte gustehjltj ces cd`jrjltjs dltjrvjlëújs j eprfprdeëújs quj `freh rjebdzeces pjbe sfndjcecj lf cjnfrrjr cj sue odstþrde j quj sj held`jsteh lf tjrrdtþrd tjrrdtþrdf f aresdbjdrf. DDD. E prjssîf jxjrndce pjbfs lfvfs pecrújs tjnlfbþkdnfs pere e prfcuëîf ekrènfbe j hdljreb rjvjbe nfl`rfltfs jltrj e jxpbfreëîf j e prjsjrveëîf cf petrdhóldf ehadjlteb jh cdvjrsfs pfltfs cf tjrrdtþrdf aresdbjdrf, f quj pjrhdtj nfhprjjlcjr fs nfldtfs jxdstjltjs le eprfprdeëîf cfs rjnursfs letureds. Jstå(îf) nfrrjte(s)
5?:
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF => E. A. N. C. J.
epjles D. epjles DD. epjles D j DDD. epjles DD j DDD. D, DD j DDD.
tfrrj hjcj >1: hjtrfs j sjrå usece pere hfldtfrer es dltjreëújs jltrj e ethfs`jre j e frjste. E fare, quj ä rjebdzece pjbf Dlstdtutf Lendfleb cj ]jsqudses ce Ehezólde (Dlpe) jh pernjrde nfh f Dlstdtutf Hex ]belni cj Uuèhdne, ce Ebjheloe, sjrå jqudpece nfh dlstruhjltfs ndjltènfs cj ebte tjnlfbfkde. ottp7//ehezfles`h.nfh.ar/lftdndes/tfrrj-heds-ebte-ceehjrdne-betdlej-nflstrudce-le-ehezflde/#stoeso.iWlygky5.cpu`
UZJ^SÎF 5: (]ZN - HK) F cjsjlvfbvdhjltf sustjltåvjb ausne uh hfcjbf cj nflsuhf quj etjlce ís ljnjssdcecjs ce kjreëîf etueb, sjh
^farj jssj prfgjtf, ä nfrrjtf erher7 E. Fs uxfs cj kås neraóldnf, vepfr cj åkue j jljrkde jltrj
nfhprfhjtjr e nependcecj ces kjreëújs `utures cj setds`ezjrjh sues prþprdes ljnjssdcecjs. ]ere quj dssf fnfrre, ä ljnjssårdf7 E. euhjlter f nflsuhf cfs rjnursfs letureds lîf rjlfvåvjds,
prjsjrvelcf fs rjnursfs rjlfvåvjd rjlfvåvjdss pere es kjreëújs `utures. A. kereltdr uh cjsjlvfbvdhjltf sfndeb j jnflóhdnf, `ezjlcf, ef hjshf tjhpf, uh usf rezfåvjb cfs rjnursfs letureds j prjsjrvelcf es jspändjs j fs oeadtets letureds. N. cdhdludr f nflsuhf cj rjnursfs letureds rjlfvåvjds lfs peèsjs heds pfarjs, kereltdlcf e prjsjrveëîf ces jspändjs eldheds jh jxtdlëîf j fs oeadtets letureds. C. jstekler f cjsjlvfbvdhjltf tjnlfbþkdnf j jnflóhdnf, jh cjtrdhjltf ce helutjlëîf cj jstfqujs cj rjnursfs letureds pere es kjreëújs `utures.
A.
UZJ^SÎF 50
J.
(D@^ZB) dhekjh eaedxf rjtretevjkjteb, uhe cure rjebdcecj pere fs rdfs, fu sjge, E e rjtdrece ce nfajrture jxpflcf-fs efs `etfrjs cj dltjhpjrdshf j jrfsîf.
J_JQNÈNDF^
N.
C.
e ethfs`jre j e supjr`èndj lîf `ezjh pertj ces dltjreëújs quj sjrîf hfldtfreces pjbf prfgjtf, gå quj lîf jlvfbvjh e frjste. E ebture ce tfrrj, epjser cj `endbdter e fasjrveëîf hjtjfrfbþkdne, dlvdeadbdze f jstucf ces rjbeëújs jltrj fs `jlóhjlfs ethfs`ärdnfs j fs ndnbfs cj lutrdjltjs ce frjste quj fnfrrjh le supjr`èndj. Jltrj fs sjus fagjtdvfs, cjstene-sj f cj kjrer dl`frheëújs heds prjndses sfarj f pepjb cfs jnfssdstjhes ehezóldnfs lf etueb nfltjxtf cj hucelëes nbdhåtdnes kbfaeds. ]fr jster bfnebdzecf jh uhe pjqujle helnoe cj frjste cj tjrre rhj, f prfgjtf sjrå nepez cj prfcuzdr epjles nflojndhjltfs perndeds sfarj fs jnfssdstjhes ehezóldnfs, quj cjpjlcjh jssjlndebhjltj ce åkue. Es nfhpbjxes dltjreëújs jltrj e ethfs`jre j e frjste, fagjtf cf prfgjtf, lîf sîf cdrjtehjltj e`jteces pjbe cjkreceëîf eltrþpdne, rezîf pjbe queb f cjshetehjltf lîf sjrå hfldtfrecf pjbe tfrrj.
UZJ^SÎF 5? (ZLJ^]) Cdsnursfs j fpdldújs j eguce jnflóhdne sj jxprjsseh jh rjstrdëújs ís cjndsújs sfarj f usf cf tjrrdtþrdf. Fs lfvfs rjnfrtjs tjrrdtfrdeds sdkldneh prftjëîf ce leturjze, ce adfcdvjrsdcecj j ces pfpubeëújs trecdndfleds, hes tehaäh dhpbdneh e rjtdrece cj jxtjlses pernjbes cf tjrrdtþrdf cf ndrnudtf prfcutdvf lendfleb j rjstrdëújs í pbjle cjndsîf cf Jstecf aresdbjdrf sfarj f usf cf tjrrdtþrdf. Es rjstrdëújs tjrrdtfrdeds essfndeces ís eëújs ehadjltebdstes frdjlteh-sj pfr uh hfcjbf jlcþkjlf, quj vdse e prjsjrveëîf fu f usf cfs rjnursfs letureds bfneds pjbes pfpubeëújs bfneds. AJNIJQ, Ajrtoe I. ‒]fr quj lîf pjrcjrjhfs e sfajrelde sfarj e Ehezólde6‘ Dl7 EBAZUZJQUZJ, Jcu ^dbvjstrj cj (frk.).Uuj Uuj peès ä jssj6 1==:. Eceptecf.
Nflstdtujh-sj jh lfvfs rjnfrtjs tjrrdtfrdeds, fu jh lfves `frhes cj rjkubeëîf cf usf cf tjrrdtþrdf, quj nfltrdaujh pere e nflsjrveëîf cfs rjnursfs frjsteds7 E. uldcecjs cj nflsjrveëîf, tjrres dlcèkjles j `rfltjdres
E suprjssîf ces hetes ndbderjs prfvfne A. E. e `frheëîf cj vfëfrfnes quj, sj lîf `frjh nfltrfbeces,
pfcjh sj eprf`ulcer e nece lfve nouve, `frhelcf subnfs nece vjz hedfrjs. A. f ekrevehjltf cfs prfnjssfs jlcþkjlfs quj pesseh e enfltjnjr jh lèvjds ebtfs, fnesdflelcf f jsnfrrjkehjltf les jlnfstes. N. f essfrjehjltf, rjsubteltj cf euhjltf lf vfbuhj cfs sjcdhjltfs, fnesdflelcf cjsjqudbèardf lfs jnfssdstjhes. C. f cjseperjndhjltf cj jspändjs nflsdcjreces vjrcecjdres prekes quj, pfr `ebte cj ebdhjltf, eneaeh sjlcf jxtdltes.
UZJ^SÎF 5; (@KP) E hedfr j heds nfhpbjte tfrrj cj fasjrveëîf ce Ehärdne cf ^ub nfhjëfu e sjr nflstruèce jh ekfstf lf sjdf ce frjste ehezóldne. Dltdtubece ‒Sfrrj Ebte cj Fasjrveëîf ce Ehezólde‘, e 5?0
N. C. J.
ekrfpjnuårdes. pfbfs cj prfcuëîf hjteb-hjnáldne, rjsjrves pertdnuberjs cf petrdhóldf letureb j jsteëújs jnfbþkdnes. tjrres dlcèkjles, rjsjrves jxtretdvdstes j uldcecjs cj nflsjrveëîf. perqujs dlcustrdeds, pfbfs cj nfbfldzeëîf ekrfpjnuårde j tjrres dlcèkjles. årjes cj prftjëîf ehadjlteb, prfgjtfs cj jxpbfreëîf hdljreb j rjsjrves adfbþkdnes.
UZJ^SÎF 54 (]ZN - HK) F hepe rjprjsjlte e rjkdîf nflojndce nfhf Ernf cf Cjshetehjltf, flcj sj nflnjltreh fs hedfrjs èlcdnjs cj cjshetehjltfs ce Ehezólde aresdbjdre. Aesjecf lf sju nflojndhjltf sfarj f essultf j les dl`frheëújs nfltdces lf hepe, ä NFQQJSF erher quj f cjshetehjltf ehezóldnf fnfrrj prjcfhdleltjhjltj les årjes7
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF =>
E. A. N. C.
ces rjsjrves dlcèkjles j uldcecjs cj nflsjrveëîf. cj jxtretdvdshf hdljreb j vjkjteb. cj `frtj jxpelsîf uraele j dlcustrdeb. cj jxpelsîf ce `rfltjdre ekrènfbe j ce etdvdcecj pjnuårde.
UZJ^SÎF 1= (@ZPJ^S) F j`jdtf jstu`e j f bdxf sîf, tebvjz, es cues held`jsteëújs heds nfltrecdtþrdes ce vfltecj cj cfhdleëîf ce leturjze pfste
jh pråtdne pjbe rendflebdcecj j suequj tjnlfndçlnde. Nfh f fagjtdvf cj euhjlter dlstruhjlteb e prfcutdvdcecj, le pråtdne sdkldne suahjtjr fs tjhpfs cj nece jltj, sjge jbj hdljreb, vjkjteb fu eldheb, e uh tjhpf ce nflnfrrçlnde j ce enuhubeëîf cj nepdteb, jsqujnju-sj cj quj tfcf treaebof cdssdpe jljrkde sfa `frhe cj nebfr (j`jdtf jstu`e) j quj e cjsekrjkeëîf ce hetärde, ef bflkf cf tjhpf, tfrle-e drrjvjrsèvjb (bdxf). Nerbfs [. ]frtf-Kflëebvjs. E Kbfaebdzeëîf ce Leturjze j e Leturjze ce Kbfaebdzeëîf. Qdf cj Geljdrf7 Ndvdbdzeëîf Aresdbjdre, 1==0. Eceptecf.
Nfl`frhj f jxnjrtf endhe, ä nfrrjtf erher7 E. Nfh f euhjltf ce prfcutdvdcecj, sjrå pfssèvjb vjlnjr f
j`jdtf jstu`e j supjrer f prfabjhe ce prfcuëîf cj bdxf. A. E ouheldcecj supjrfu fs prfabjhes cjnfrrjltjs ce prfcuëîf cj bdxf, kreëes í rendflebdce rendflebdcecj cj dlstruhjlteb j í tjnlfndçlnde. N. Fs tjhpfs ce nflnfrrçlnde j ce enuhubeëîf cj nepdteb vçh sjlcf suafrcdlecfs ef tjhpf ce leturjze.
E hedfr `rjquçlnde le fnfrrçlnde cf `jlóhjlf ethfs`ärdnf eprjsjltecf le kure rjbendfle-sj e E. A. N. C. J.
nflnjltreëújs uraelf-dlcustr uraelf-dlcustrdeds. deds. jpdsþcdfs cj qujdheces frjsteds. etdvdcecjs cj jxtretdvdshf vjkjteb. èlcdnjs cj pfarjze jbjvecfs. nbdhes qujltjs j hudtf ÷hdcfs.
UZJ^SÎF =1 (JLJH BDAQE^) Lf hçs cj `jvjrjdrf cj 1=5:, `freh cjtjntecfs 31 qudbóhjtrfs quecrecfs cj cjshetehjltf le Ehezólde Bjkeb. Dssf rjprjsjlte uh euhjltf cj 1?1% jh rjbeëîf e `jvjrjdrf cj 1=53. F cjshetehjltf enuhubecf lf pjrèfcf cj ekfstf cj 1=53 e `jvjrjdrf cj 1=5: etdlkdu 5 ;=1 qudbóhjtrfs quecrecfs. quecrecfs. Ofuvj euhjltf cj 15:% cf cjshetehjltf jh rjbeëîf ef pjrèfcf eltjrdfr (ekfstf cj 1=5> e `jvjrjdrf cj 1=53). @FL^JNE, E.9 ^FZWE GQ., N.9 PJQÈ^^DHF, E. Afbjtdh cf cjshetehjltf ce Ehezólde Bjkeb
F celf ehadjlteb rjbetecf cjrdve cj eëújs quj prfhfvjh f(e) dlstebeëîf cj prfgjtfs sdbvdnubtfrjs. jspjndebdzeëîf ce dlc÷strde rjkdfleb. jxpelsîf cj etdvdcecjs jxpfrtecfres. `frtebjndhjltf ce ekrdnubture `ehdbder. nrjsndhjltf ce dltjkreëîf bevfure-pjnuårde. bevfure-pjnuårde.
C. E enjbjreëîf cf tjhpf cj enuhubeëîf cj nepdteb pjrhdtj
E. A. N. C. J.
J. E ausne pjbf euhjltf ce prfcutdvdcecj dhpúj e cd`jrjltjs
UZJ^SÎF =>
jbdhdler e drrjvjrsdadbdcecj ce prfcuëîf cf bdxf.
jbjhjltfs ce leturjze f tjhpf cfs dltjrjssjs nepdtebdstes.
^JËÎF JLJH
UZJ^SÎF =5 (JLJH)
J_JQNÈNDF^
(JLJH BDAQE^) Cjscj e cänece cj 540=, fs rjkdstrfs rjebdzecfs pjbf beafretþrdf cj Heule Bfe, lf Oeveè, lf tfpf cf vubnîf cf hjshf lfhj, rjvjbeveh dhprjssdfleltjs rjsubtecfs7 es nflnjltreëújs cj cdþxdcf cj neraflf euhjlteveh e nece elf, dltjlsdnelcf f j`jdtf jstu`e. Fs ndjltdstes pessereh e enfhpeloer eluebhjltj fs rjbetþrdfs cj Heule Bfe j, cj `etf, f pecrîf lîf hucfu, hes f euhjltf `fd nece vjz heds råpdcf7 cj >5: pertjs pfr hdboîf jh 54:?, pere >;= jh 1==1. PDSSJ, E. N.9 KZJQQE, E. G. S. (Frk.). Qjjxújs sfarj e kj fkree `èsdne cf Aresdb.
Fs rjsubtecfs ce pjsqudse eprjsjltece cjhflstreh e nfltrdaudëîf ce tjnlfbfkde pere E. A. N. C. J.
prfhfvjr e prjsjrveëîf ehadjlteb. prjvjr es trelskrjssúj trelskrjssújs s herdloes. jxpbfrer jxpbfr er fs rjnursfs jljrkätdnfs. hfldtfrer fs prfnjssfs letureds. rjkuber e ehpbdtucj tärhdne. 5?;
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF => UZJ^SÎF =3 (JLJH ]]B)
E. A. N. C. J.
J_JQNÈNDF^
dljndçlnde cj jnfaerrjdr jnfaerrjdres. es. cjsfrkeldzeëîf cf turdshf bfneb. dlecjqueëîf ce nfbjte cfhdndbder. hfvdhjlteëîf hfvdhjlteëî f ces årjes pfrtuårdes. rerj`eëîf ce fnupeëîf pfpubendfleb.
UZJ^SÎF =; (JLJH)
F dhpentf eprjsjltecf ljssj ehadjltj tjh sdcf dltjlsdnecf pjbe E. dltjrvjlëîf cdrjte cf ofhjh ef dhpjrhjeadbdzer f sfbf A. N. C. J.
uraelf. drrjkuberdcecj drrjkuberdce cj ces nouves cjnfrrjltjs cf `jlóhjlf nbdhåtdnf Jb Ldõf. qujdhe cj nfhaustèvjds `þssjds nfhf f nervîf, f pjtrþbjf j f kås letureb. vepfrdzeëîf nrjsnjltj cfs fnjelfs cjvdcf ef cjrrjtdhjltf ces kjbjdres. jxtdlëîf cj frkeldshfs herdlofs rjspflsåvjds pjbe prfcuëîf cj fxdkçldf.
UZJ^SÎF =: (JLJH) Srete-sj ce pjrce prfkrjssdve ce prfcutdvdcecj cj adfhes dltjdrfs, e`jtelcf pernjbes hudtf jxprjssdves cfs cfhèldfs sua÷hdcfs j sjhdårdcfs jh tfces es rjkdújs qujltjs cf hulcf. Ä ljsses årjes, jnfbfkdnehjltj trelsdndfleds quj e prjssîf sfarj e adfhesse sj `ez sjltdr nfh hudte `frëe, cjvdcf í rjtdrece ce nfajrture frjsteb, ef supjrpestfrjdf j ís etdvdcecjs hdljrecfres hdljrecfr es lîf nfltrfbeces, cjsjlnecjelcf cjsjlnecjelcf uh quecrf ekucf cj cjkreceëîf ehadjlteb, rjjtdcf pjbe dlnependcecj cj supfrtj pere f cjsjlvfbvdhjltf cj jspändjs vjkjteds, sjge uhe frjste letureb fu pbelteëújs ekrènfbes. NFLSD, G. A. E kjfkree `èsdne j es rjbeëújs sfndjcecj-leturjze lf hulcf trfpdneb. Dl7 NEQBF^9 E. @. E. (Frk.) Lfvfs nehdlofs ce kjfkree. ^îf ]eubf7 Nfltjxtf 5444
F tjxtf jl`etdze uhe nflsjquçlnde ce rjbeëîf nfldtufse jltrj e sfndjcecj ouhele j f ehadjltj quj cdz rjspjdtf ef prfnjssf cj E. A. N. C. J.
dlvjrsîf tärhdne. pfbudëîf ethfs`ärdne. jutrfzeëîf ce åkue. nfltehdleëîf cfs sfbfs. cjsjrtdneëîf cj jnfssdstjhes.
UZJ^SÎF =0 (JLJH ]]B) E njle, cj tîf nftdcdele, gå lîf neuse heds jstrelojze e Dseajb ^wel. Ef after f aernf les åkues ce Aeèe cj Kueleaere, e vjbjgecfre prjndse cj cjsvjlndboer cj senfs pbåstdnfs, tehpdloes cj rj`rdkjreltjs, betes, pebdtfs cj sfrvjtj. Zh cfs nertújs-pfsteds nerdfnes rjnjaj cderdehjltj uhe häcde cj njh tfljbeces cj bdxf utueltj, nerrjkecf pjbfs rdfs quj nfrteh e rjkdîf hjtrfpfbdtele cf Qdf cj Geljdrf.
EBJLNEQ. J. Sfljbeces Sfljbeces cj cjsnesf. F Kbfaf, 1? ear. ear. 1=5> (eceptecf).
F prfabjhe ehadjlteb cjsnrdtf tjh sue neuse essfndece í
5??
Nfl`frhj e elåbdsj cf cfnuhjltf nertfkrånf, e årje cj nflnjltreëîf ces usdles cj cjssebdldzeëî cjssebdldzeëîf f ä jxpbdnec jxpbdnecee pjbf(e) E. A. N. C. J.
pdfljdrdshf tjnlfbþkdnf. nflcdëîf odcrfpjcfbþkdne odcrfpjcfbþkdne.. jsnessjz cj åkue pftåvjb. j`jdtf ces hucelëes nbdhåtdnes. ausne ce sustjlteadbdc sustjlteadbdcecj ecj ehadjlteb.
UZJ^SÎF =? (JLJH ]]B) Ehjeëe rjeb í sjkurelëe cj heds cj :== pjssfes cj 51= neses cj ]belebtdle cj Kfdås, e vfëfrfne, quj bjvfu í cjnrjteëîf cj sdtueëîf cj jhjrkçlnde lf huldnèpdf pjbf
Hdldstärdf ce Dltjkreëîf Lendfleb, `fd vdstfrdece pjbf prfnurecfrkjreb cj Gustdëe cj Kfdås j pfr vårdes eutfrdcecjs ces trçs js`jres cj kfvjrlf. Cureltj e vdstfrde ce jrfsîf, quj gå hjcj quesj > qudbóhjtrfs cj jxtjlsîf, `fd nflrhece e bdajreëîf cj rjnursfs vdselcf perebdser f prfnjssf cjkrecelt cjkreceltj. j. Cdspflèvjb jh7 ot tp7//hp-kf.gusa tp7//hp-kf.gusaresdb.nfh.ar resdb.nfh.ar.. Enjssf jh7 1 ekf. 1=51 (eceptecf).
KJFKQE@DE - - @QJLSJ E - NE]ÈSZBF => F `jlóhjlf lftdnecf, sfarj e årje uraele cj ]belebtdle (KF), jh sue frdkjh jxpbdnece pjbe E. `rene nfajrture vjkjteb j nfhpfsdëîf cf sfbf, rjsubtecf ce
eëîf jrfsdve letureb ces nouves. A. rjbeëîf jltrj f cjnbdvj cf tjrrjlf j ce `frëe jrfsdve ce åkue, rjsubtecf ce jvfbuëîf cf rjbjvf. N. cjnbdvdcecj cf tjrrjlf j dltjlsdcecj ces nouves, rjsubtecf cf jsnfehjltf supjrndeb ces åkues pbuvdeds. C. cjkreceëîf ehadjlteb j cjndçlnde le crjlekjh cj åkues
E. A. N. C. J.
J_JQNÈNDF^
Årdcf, nfh cjndt oècrdnf. ^uatrfpdneb, nfh aedxes tjhpjretures. Sjhpjrecf, nfh dlvjrlfs `rdfs j sjnfs. Srfpdneb, nfh sezflebdcecj ces nouves. Jquetfrdeb, nfh pbuvdfsdcecj eaulceltj.
UZJ^SÎF 51 (JLJH)
pbuvdeds, rjsubtecf ce fnupeëîf j usf dlecjquecf cf sfbf.
J. cjnfhpfsdëîf j trelspfrtj cj sjcdhjltfs pfr jsnfehjltf
supjrndeb, rjsubtecf cj prfnjssfs jrfsdvfs letureds ís jlnfstes.
UZJ^SÎF =4 (JLJH) E bdloekjh cfs prdhjdrfs nrètdnfs ehadjlteds aresdbjdrfs lîf pretdnfu f jbfkdf beucetþrdf ce ajbjze j ce krelcjze cf hjdf letureb aresdbjdrf. F hjdf letureb `fd jbfkdecf pfr sue rdqujze j pftjlndeb jnflóhdnf, sjlcf sue cjstrudëîf dltjrprjtece nfhf uh sdklf cj etresf, dklfrálnde j `ebte cj nudcecf. ]ECZE, ]ECZ E, G. E. Zh sfprf cj cjstrudëîf7 p jlsehjltf pfbètdnf j nrètdne ehadjlteb lf Aresdb jsnrevdste (5;?0-5???). Qdf cj Geljdrf7 Weoer, 1==1 (eceptecf).
Cjsnrjvjlcf e pfsdëîf cfs nrètdnfs ehadjlteds aresdbjdrfs cfs sänubfs _PDDD j _D_, f eutfr cjhflstre quj, vde cj rjkre, jbjs vdeh f hjdf letureb nfhf E. A. N. C. J.
`jrrehjlte jssjlndeb pere f evelëf ce leëîf. cåcdve cdvdle pere f cjsjlvfbvdhjltf dlcustrdeb. pedsekjh prdvdbjkdece pere e vebfrdzeëîf `ulcdårde. bdhdteëîf tfpfkråne pere e prfhfëîf ce uraeldzeëîf. fastånubf nbdhåtdnf pere f jsteajbjndhj jsteajbjndhjltf ltf ce ndvdbdzeëîf.
E cdláhdne odcrfbþkdne jxprjsse lf krånf cjhflstre quj f prfnjssf cj uraeldzeëîf prfhfvj e E. A. N. C. J.
rjcuëîf cf vfbuhj cfs rdfs. jxpelsîf cf bjlëfb `rjåtdnf. cdhdludëîf cf èlcdnj cj nouves. rjtreëîf cf lèvjb cfs rjsjrvetþrdfs. ehpbdeëîf cf jsnfehjltf supjrndeb.
UZJ^SÎF 5=
UZJ^SÎF 5>
(JLJH) E Gustdëe cj ^îf ]eubf cjndcdu hubter fs supjrhjrnecfs quj lîf `frljnjrjh jhaebekjls cj pepjb fu hetjrdeb adfcjkrecåvjb. Cj enfrcf nfh e cjndsîf, fs jsteajbjndhjltfs quj cjsnuhprdrjh cjsnuhprdrjh e lfrhe tjrîf tjrîf cj peker hubte cdårde cdårde cj hdb, pfr pfltf cj vjlce. Es jhaebekjls cjvjrîf cjvjrîf sjr cdspfldadbdz cdspfldadbdzeces eces cj kreëe j jh queltdcecj sundjltj.
(JLJH) F j`jdtf jstu`e lîf ä `jlóhjlf rjnjltj j, hudtf hjlfs, leturebhjltj hebänf. Ebkuls cfs kesjs quj f prfvfneh `ulndfleh nfhf uhe nepe prftjtfre quj dhpjcj e cdspjrsîf tfteb cf nebfr j kereltj f jqudbèardf ce tjhpjreture le Sjrre. Ndjltdstes ehjrdnelfs ce Zldvjrsdcecj ce Pdrkèlde ebjkeh tjr cjsnfajrtf uh cfs prdhjdrfs rjkdstrfs ce eëîf ouhele sfarj f j`jdtf jstu`e. Oå fdtf hdb elfs, ofuvj uhe s÷adte jbjveëîf ce queltdcecj cj NF1 le ethfs`jre tjrrjstrj. Ljssj hjshf pjrèfcf, ekrdnubtfrjs
Cdspflèvjb jh7 www.jstecef.nfh.ar. Enjssf jh7 >5 gub. 1=51 (eceptecf).
E bjkdsbeëîf j fs etfs lfrhetdvfs cjsnrdtfs jstîf elnfrecfs le sjkudltj nflnjpëîf7 E. A. N. C. J.
Dhpbelteëîf ce ätdne nfhjrndeb. Helutjlëîf ce bdvrj nflnfrrçlnde. Kereltde ce bdajrcecj cj jxprjssîf. ]rfhfëîf ce sustjlteadbdc sustjlteadbdcecj ecj ehadjlteb. Jl`requjndhjltf cfs cdrjdtfs cf nflsuhdcfr.
UZJ^SÎF 55 (JLJH) E prjsulëîf cj quj e supjr`èndj ces noepeces j noepecújs rjprjsjlte uhe vjboe pjljpbelèndj ä e nfrrfafrece pjbf `etf cj quj jbe ä nfajrte pfr enuhubeëújs supjrndeds, teds nfhf hesses cj erjde, neheces cj nesnebofs j sjdxfs j pjbe fnfrrçlnde kjljrebdzece cj nflnrjëújs `jrrukdlfses quj `frheh uhe nrfste betjrètdne, cjlfhdlece ‒nelke‘. [JDAJB, B. Cdspflèvjb jh7 ottp7//adabdftjne.dakj.kfv.ar. ottp7//adabdftjne.dakj.kfv.ar. Enjssf jh7 ? gub. 1=5:.
Uueb tdpf nbdhåtdnf `evfrjnj f prfnjssf cj ebtjreëîf cf sfbf cjsnrdtf lf tjxtf6
ce Jurfpe j ce Nodle gå cfhdleveh f `fkf j oevdeh cfhjstdnecf nîjs j fvjboes. E etdvdcecj ouhele ce äpfne nfh hedfr dhpentf sfarj e frkeldzeëîf sfndeb j sfarj f ehadjltj `fd f nfhjëf cf pbeltdf cj trdkf, njvece, jrvdboe j futrfs vjkjteds. Jssj pbeltdf pessfu e jxdkdr årjes cj tjrrjlf bdvrj cj sue vjkjteëîf frdkdleb, prfvdcjlndeces pjbfs dl÷hjrfs krupfs ouhelfs ljsses rjkdújs nfh hätfcfs jbjhjlterjs cj prjperf cf sfbf, edlce ofgj, usecfs j nflcjlecfs, jh rezîf cfs prfabjhes ehadjlteds cjnfrrjltjs. Equjndhjltf kbfaeb j e lfve kjfkree cj prfcuëîf lf Aresdb. Cdspflèvjb jh7 2ottp7//www.jhar 2ottp7//www.jharepe.ar/puabdnenfjs/tjnldnf/equ epe.ar/puabdnenfjs/tjnldnf/equjndhjltfkbfaeb.pc`
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53
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50
N
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54 1=
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J_JQNÈNDF^
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