2.Hydronic System

HYDRONIC SYSTEM J.ILANGUMARAN

P.S. 6"Ø

6"Ø

P.S.

5"Ø

10"Ø

5"Ø

10"Ø 5"Ø

10"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø CONDENSER

10"Ø 5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø CONDENSER 10"Ø

10"Ø 10"Ø 5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø CONDENSER

CONDENSER W ATER PUMPS ( ONE STAND BY )

HYDRONIC SYSTEM

HYDRONIC SYSTEM - BASIC COMPONENTS EXPANSION CHAMBER

* CHILLERS * HOT WATER GENERATORS

PUMPS

SOURCE HEAT

LOAD HEAT

TERMINAL UNITS * A.H.U. * F.C.U.

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

* SOURCE

* LOAD

* PUMP

* DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ( PIPING NETWORK ) * EXPANSION CHAMBER

WATER IS USED TO CARRY HEAT FROM POINT OF GENERATION SUCH AS COOLING / HEATING COIL TO A POINT WHERE IT CAN BE REJECTED SUCH AS REFERIGERANT MACHINE & HOT WATER GENERATOR COOLING & DEHUMIDIFICATION

COMPRESSOR

COIL-CHW

CHILLING MACHINE AIR FLOW TO SPACE

55°F CHILLED WATER RETURN CONDENSOR WATER PIPE LINES

HEAT REJECTED TO REFRIGERANT ie. AT COOLER

45°F CHILLED WATER SUPPLY HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN CHILLED WATER & AIR TERMINAL UNITS * AHU'S * FCU'S

HEATING - HOT WATER & COIL HOT WATER SUPPLY HEATING COIL AIR FLOW TO SPACE HOT WATER SUPPLY 100°F HOT WATER GENERATOR HEAT REJECTED TO ELECTRIC HEATERS

120°F 100°F

HOT WATER RETURN PIPE HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN HOT WATER & AIR TERMINAL UNITS * AHU'S * FCU'S

AIR OUT

COOLING TOWER COMPRESSOR

CONDENSOR CONDENSOR WATER RETURN

AIR IN

CHILLING MACHINE

CONDENSOR WATER SUPPLY

WATER PIPE LINES

HEAT OF REFRIGERANT CONDENSATION REJECTED TO COOLING TOWER ie. ATMOSPHERE

HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN REFRIGERANT AND WATER

WATER IS USED TO CONDENSE THE REFERIGERANT TO LIQUID. IT THUS TRANSPORTS THE HEAT OF CONDENSATION TO COOLING TOWER FOR REJECTION TO ATMOSPHERE

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MECHANICAL PLANT ROOM HIGH SIDE

SOURCE GENERATION OF COOLING/HEATING

WATER IS USED AS A CARRIER OF HEAT, IT IS THE COOLANT

LOW SIDE

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

CHILLED WATER SUPPLY CHILLED WATER RETURN

BLOCK A F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

F.C.U.

AHU

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

BLOCK B

OR COOLING MEDIUM. IT TRANSPORTS THE SPACE HEAT TO CHILLING MACHINE.

AHU

WATER IS A

L

SECONDARY

L L AHU BLOCK D BLOCK C

AHU

REFERIGERANT

CHILLER FLOW RATE HEAT CARRYING CAPACITY OF PIPING Q

=

MASS FLOW RATE x SP. HEAT x TEMP. RANGE

Q BTU/HR

=

GALLONS/MINUTE x 8.33 POUND/GALLON x 60 x 1 x ∆ T0 F

=

GALLON/MINUTE x 500 x ∆ T0 F

∆ T0 F

=

BTU/HR PER GPM, FLOW RATE

8

=

4000




3.0 GPM / TR.

10

=

5000




2.4 GPM / TR.

15

=

7500

20

=

10,000

CLOSED RECIRCULATING TYPE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EXPANSION TANK

STATIC HS = STATIC HD THERE IS NO UNBALANCED STATIC HEAD. EVEN WHEN PUMP IS NOT IN OPERATION, THE ENTIRE PIPING IS FILLED WITH WATER

CHILLED WATER SUPPLY

THE PRESSURE AT THE HIGHEST POINT = TERMINAL UNITS

CHILLED WATER RETURN

COOLER

SYSTEM PRESSURE + STATIC HEIGHT & LIQUID (EXPANSION TANK WATER

44°F

PUMP

54°F

LEVEL )

DIRECT RETURN D

E AHU / FCU

10 FT

10 FT

C

F AHU / FCU

10 FT

10 FT

B

G AHU / FCU

10 FT

PUMP A

COOLER

H

40 FT

PARALLEL PATHS -

A-B-G-H ( 100 FT. )

SHORTEST PATH

-

A-B-C-F-G-H (120 FT.)

-

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H ( 140 FT. ) LONGEST PATH

10 FT


SEAMLESS IS EXPENSIVE & HENCE NOT USED GENERALLY FOR HVAC SYSTEM
FOR CHILLED & CONDENSER WATER PIPING ERW CLASS -C, PIPES ARE USED  CLASS A IS NEVER USED
FOR DRAINS ERW CLASS ‘B’ GI PIPE IS USED

CONTROL VALVES 

CONTROL VALVES ARE USED ACROSS THE COOLING / HEATING COILS FOR VARYING WATER FLOW IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING LOAD.



TYPES

3 WAY MOTORISED - MIXING 3 WAY MOTORISED - DIVERTING 2 WAY MOTORISED

3 WAY VALVES ARE USED FOR CONSTANT PUMPING SYSTEM, WHILE 2 WAY VALVES ARE USED FOR VARIABLE PUMPING SYSTEM.

3 WAY MOTORISED MIXING VALVE CHW / HOT WATER IN

COIL

B CHW / HOT WATER OUT

AB

A

MOSTLY USED IN RETURN LINE OF COOLING / HEATING COILS. THERE ARE TWO INLETS AND ONE OUTLET. THE PORT DESIGN IS SUCH THAT IT CANNOT BE USED IN PLACE OF DIVERTING VALVE. FLOW VARIES THROUGH THE COIL. THE TOTAL FLOW REMAINS REMAINS SAME.

3 WAY MOTORISED DIVERTING VALVE CHW / HOT WATER IN

AB

A B

COIL

CHW / HOT WATER OUT

THERE IS ONE INLET AND TWO OUTLETS. THE PORT DESIGN IS SUCH THAT IT CAN BE USED IN PLACE OF MIXING VALVE. DIVERTING VALVES ARE EXPENSIVE AND ARE NOT COMMONLY USED.

EXPAN. TANK AHU 4000 CFM

4"Ø

AHU 4000 CFM

8"Ø

8"Ø

8"Ø 4"Ø

CHILLER 4"Ø

8"Ø

8"Ø 4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

CHILLER

8"Ø

AHU 4000 CFM

8"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø

4"Ø CHILLER FLOW RATE / MACHINE = 1226 LPM WATER TEMPERATURE IN = 53°F ( 11.6 °C ) WATER TEMPERATURE OUT = 45°F ( 7.2°C )

3 NOS. CHILLED WATER PUMP ( ONE STAND BY )

CHILLED WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

8"Ø

8"Ø

P.S. 6"Ø

6"Ø

P.S.

5"Ø

10"Ø

5"Ø

10"Ø 5"Ø

10"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø CONDENSER

10"Ø 5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø CONDENSER 10"Ø

10"Ø 10"Ø 5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø

5"Ø CONDENSER

CONDENSER WATER PUMPS ( ONE STAND BY )

CONDENSER WATER FLOW DIAGRAM

END