2elaborar Una Gráfica en Coordenadas Rectangulares de Profundidad Vs (Autoguardado)

 

o) g)

Dbogir Dbogiror or uf ufo o crïn crïnmko mko d df f kiir kiirldfolo ldfoloss rd rdktof ktofcubord cubordss ld prinuflmlol prinuflmlol vs. prdsmû prdsmûf, f, o bbo o amsao dskobo ld bos kurvos ld crolmdftd ld prdsmûf sdbdkkmifolos. Xoro bbos os lmn lmndrdftd drdftdss rrdbokm dbokmifds ifds cos-b cos-báqumli áqumli,, pi pirr kolo kolo costi costi ki kifsmldr fsmldroli, oli, trozor trozor db kiapirtoamdfti ld prdsmûf df bo tugdráo ld ldskorco y ldtdramfor bos prdsmifds df bo kogdzo ldb pizi rdqudrmlos, dapbdofli bos kurvos ld crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld nbuji aubtmnïsmki df tugdráo eirmziftob poro kolo costi y goji bos kiflmkmifds lolos.

Ttmbmzor db prikdlmamdfti oftdrmir poro bis ldaïs costis supudstis, rdobmzofli ufo crïnmko pir kolo ufi, vdr Nmcs. ?7L.^W, ?7D.^W y ?7N.^W. ?7. Dbogiror ufo togbo ld bos prdsmifds df bo kogdzo ldb pizi, pdramsmgbd y rdqudrmlo, igtdfmlos df bis posis ?8 y ?? rdspdktmvoadftd vdr \ogbo ?7.^W.

qi

WC\B

Xwe pdramsmgbd

Xwe rdqudrmlo

(gb/láo)

( pmd; /bg)

( pmd; / pc7)

(bg/ pc7)

 

?888

?488

7888

8

>88

4

?=8

588

4;8

788

?888

4>8

774

?488

>?8

738

88

;54

7

q 8 aox 1

58 8.35

sd igtmdfd:

 1 ?87.4 gb/lmo

(4) L Ld d bbo oN Nmc. mc. 7.;? G ki kif f qi aox1?87.4 \.X. .X. ld 7 pc. l.m. sd igtm igtmdfd dfd uf aox1?87.4 gb/láo y \ 7 crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld ldskorco ld 8.8;4 bg/pc /pmd. O portmr ld Xwe 1 >8 bg/pc 7 trozor ufo báfdo poro db crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld ldskorco ldskorco eosto bo prinuflmlol ld 3888 pmd: 8.8;4 x 3888 + >8 1 ;84 bg/pc 7 (>) O portmr ld Xwe 1 >8 bg/pc 7 trozor bo báfdo ldb crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ldb nbumli ld kiftrib eosto mftdrsdktor bo báfdo ld bo prdsmûf ld ipdrokmûf df supdrnmkmd, Xsi 1 588 bg/pc 7 : 8.8 1 4?8 bg/pc 7  Dstd pufti ld mftdrsdkkmûf ldtdramfo bo prinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo prmadro vïbvubo, ?3?4 pmd kif ufo prdsmûf ld opdrturo ld nifli: Xvi 1 5;7 bg/pc7 (3) Xortmdfli ld bo Xsi 1 588 bg/pc 7 tiaor lmndrdfkmos ld 74 bg/pc7 poro bo prdsmûf ld ipdrokmûf df supdrnmkmd, igtdfmíflisd vobirds ld 334, 348 ] 374 bg/pc7 bg/pc 7. Kif dstis cos ld: vobirds y λc 1 8.>4 y kif bo Nmc. 7.; sd igtmdfdf bis crolmdftds ld prdsmûf ldb cos ?5.7, ?3.4 y ?3 bg/ /?888 pmd rdspdktmvoadftd smf kifsmldror kirrdkkmûf pir tdapdroturo, pir bi tofti poro trozor bos báfdos kirrdspiflmdftds eosto 3888 pmd ld

 

prinuflmlol. 7

?5.7 U 3 + 334 1 =87.< bg/ pc

7

?3.4 U 3 + 348 1 537.4 bg/ pc

7

?3.8 U 3 + 374 1 5?84 pmd. (??) Ldtdramfor db vibuadf ld cos fdkdsormi poro uf kmkbi ld giagdi. Ld bo dk. 7

7.?4 poro Xsi 1 374 bg/ pc  bo prdsmûf ld oprdturo ld bo vïbvubo o >?84 pmd sdrï: Xvi 1 374*(?+ 8.74 x >?84 ) 1 5;> bg/ pc7 ?8888

Xir bi tofti ld bo Nmc. 7.;< kif Xvi 1 5;> bg/pc 7 rdqudrmli ds 74 pmd; /kmkbi

y L1>?84 pmd0 db vibuadf ld cos

(?7) Ldt Ldtdramfor dramfor bo koálo ld prdsmûf fdkdsormo df bo \.W. poro ssuamfmstror uamfmstror 74 Xir bi tofti ld bo Nmc. 7.;> kif: 74 >.?84

 1 343.> pc;/ ?888 pmd y \.X. ld 7 pc. l.m. sd

pmd; ld cos.

igtmdfd:

>8bg/ pc7 (?;) Ldtdramfor bo bo korco df bo \.X. qud sdrï giagdolo pir kmkbi, utmbmzofli bo dxprdsmûf. ?

Xt 1  x ?788 1 >88 bg/ pc7 7

(?8 bg/pc 7 poro bo vïbvubo ipdroftd0 ds ldkmr, bo vïbvubo tdflrï ufo oapbmtul ld >8/7 1 ;8 bg/pc7 osdcurofli qud db kiftrib ldb cos sdrï ldsld bo supdrnmkmd. Xoro uf kiftrib pir dstrofcubolir df supdrnmkmd ∎X sdrï >8 bg/pc 7. Dftifkds bo prdsmûf ld kmdrrd o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo sdrï: Xvk15;>-;81 58> Mg/pc7 W1

 Xvi ∗ Xvk    Xvi ∗ Xt 

 

W1

5;>∗ 58> 5;> ∗>88

18.?73?? 

Ld bo \ogbo 7.5 (i Nmc. 7.;3) kkif if W 1 8.?73?? kkirrdspifld irrdspifld o ufo vïbv vïbvubo ubo ld ? ?/7 pc. y Og 1 8.33 7 pc kif lmïadtri ld osmdfti dftrd 4/?> y ;/5 pc. Dftifkds sd sdbdkkmifo db osmdfti ld kiftrib ld 4/?> pc. [dbdkkmifor uf lmïadtri aoyir poro db osmdfti prmfkmpob (?/7, 4/5 i ¶ pc.), poro dstd kosi sd uso 4/5 pc. Db osmdfti ldld 4/?> pc. tmdfd uf vobir ld W1 8.8==>, pir bi kuob bo prdsmûf ld kmdrrd kirrdkto o bo prinuflmlol bo vïbvubo sdrï: Xl1 Xvk 1Xxi (? ∗ W ) + X t W 1 5;>( 5;>(? ∗ 8.8==>) 8.8==>) + (>88 )*(8.8==> )

Xkv 1 5?7.4 Mg/pc7   ] bo oapbmtul kirrdkto sdrï: 5;>-5?7.4 1 7;.4 Mg/pc7   (?4) [dbdkk [dbdkkmifor mifor bis osmdftis ldb rdsti ld bos vïb vïbvubos. vubos. Ldgmli o qud bos lis vïbvubos supdrmirds sd usorïf sibi poro bo ldskorco ldb pizi, usor osmdftis ld 4/?> pc. Xoro bo vïbvubo ; opbmkor bis amsais vobirds ldtdramfolis o bo vïbvubo ipdroftd. (?>) Kifstrumr db crolmdftd ld tdapdroturo y ldtdramfor bo tdapdroturo ld kolo vïbvubo o bo prinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf. Wdsuamdfli, sd igtmdfd bo \ogbo ?;.W, dxpbmkofli kolo kibuafo kiai smcud: (?) Fúadri ld vïbvubo. (7) Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld kolo vïbvubo (Nmc. ?;.^W). (;) \dapdroturo o bbo o prin prinuflmlol uflmlol ld kolo vïbvubo (Nmc.?;.^.W)  () Xrdsmûf df \.X. nrdftd o kolo vïbvubo, ld bo Nmc.^.? kif bo báfdo ld crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld ldskorco poro bos vïbvubos ?, 7 ] ;. Xoro bo vïbvubo < pt 1 >88 bg/pc7 (posi ?;) . (3) Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti ld kiftrib i pmb pmbiti iti (posis ?< y ?4). (5) Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti prmfkm prmfkmpob pob (posis ?< y ?4). (=) Xrdsmûf ld kmdrrd o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïb vïbvubo, vubo, Xvk : Xl o \.^. 1 Xvk1 Xvi(?-W) + Xt W (?8) Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld kmdrrd, Xsk : Xsk 1 Xvvk ‛ pdsi d bo kibuafo ld cos ( ld bis posis 7 y 3). (??) Noktir ld kirrdkk kirrdkkmûf mûf pir tdapdroturo, Kt (\ogbo 7.?) (?7) Xrdsmûf ldb liai ld bo vïbvubo o >8 ¸N :

 

Xl o >8 ¸N 1 Xl o \.^. U Kt (?;) Xrdsmûf ld op opdrturo drturo df db tobbdr:    Xl ( o >8 ¸ N ) ? ∗ W

Xtri 1

\ogbo ?;. W

inuflmlol

  (;)

()

  (3)

Xt

Osmdfti

(5)

(=)

Osmdfti Xl1Xvk prmfkmpob 7

(?8) Xsk

 

(??) Kt

(?7) Xl o

>8¸N (Mg/pc ) (Mg/pc7) (olmadfsmifob) 7   (Mg/pc )

bvubo(pmd)

ld bo vïbvubo (Mg/pc7) (Mg/pc7) (Mg/pc7) Xmbiti ¸N (pc)

3?4

 ==

588

5;7

?7?

  4/?>

 4/?>

3>?.7

37=.<

8.=7;

387.4

;88

??5

334

5;;

?35

  4/?>

  4/?>

3>3.3

383.>

8.55=

>57.<

3>4

?;<

348

5;<

775

  4/?>

  4/5

33;.>

>=8.7

8.5>;

>>3.>

?84

?

>88

4/5

5?7.4

38;.;

8.5;=

>5?.>

ld bo

Fito: ^ïbvubos ld ? ± pc ld l.d.  Og 1 8.33 pc7 W1 8.8==> ?-W 1 8.=88<

4/?>

(pc)

 

?? pmd

8.? +

Cs 588 ∗>8∗8.8;4 U  ;?>?   ;?>? 8.53 8.377 pmd

 

(?8) Ldtdramfor bo tdapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld kolo vïbvubo:

\dapdroturo supdrnmkmob 1 58 ¸N \dapdroturo o 3888 pmd ld prinuflmlol 1 ?>8 ¸N Dftifkds: ?>8∗58

 

Crolmdftd ld tdapdroturo 1

 

Xir bi tofti:

 

\v? 1 8.8?? kif:

48>4

 

>.377

 1 34;.4  pmd;/?888 pmd y \.X. ld 7 pc. l.m. sd igtmdfd 45 bg/  pmd;

(?;) Ldtdramfor

 

bo

korco

df

bo

\.X

qud

sdrï giagdolo

pir kmkbi. ?

 

Xt 1  x ?788 1 >88 bg/ pc7 7

(?88

1 8.?;;87 

 

Ld bo togbo 7.5 (i Nmc. 7.;3) kif W 1 8.?;;87 kirrdspifld o ufo vïbvubo ld ? ?7 pc. l.d. y Og 1 8.33 pc7 kif lmïadtri ld osmdfti dftrd 4/?> y ;/5 pc. Dftifkds sd sdbdkkmifo db osmdfti ld kiftrib ld 4/?> pc. [dbdkkmifor uf lmïadtri aoyir poro db osmdfti prmfkmpob (?/7, 4/5 û ;/< pc.), poro dstd kosi sd uso 4/5 pc. Db osmdfti ld 4/?> pc. tmdfd uf vobir ld W 1 8.8==>, pir bi kuob bo prdsmûf ld kmdrrd kirrdkto o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo sdrï: Xl1 Xvk 1 Xvi(?-W) + X tW Xl1 Xvk1 5?5 (?-8.8==>) + >88U8.8==> Xvk1 3=>.; Mg/pc7 ] bo oapbmtul kirrdkto sdrï: 5?5-3=>.;1 7?.3 Mg/pc7 (?4) sdbdkkmifor sdbdkkmifor bis osmdftis ldb rdsti ld bbos os vïbvubos vïbvubos.. Ld bos kmfki vïbvubos ldtdramfolos, bos trds supdrmirds sd usorïf poro bo ldskorco ldb pizi kif uf osmdfti ld 4/?> pc. Xoro bo vïbvubo < opbmkor bis amsais vobirds ldtdramfolis o bo vïbvubo ipdroftd. Wdsuamdfli, sd igtmdfd bo \ogbo ?? 1 5;; Mg/pc7 Xvi; 1 348 + ?3.>U 53 1 577 Mg/pc7 Xvi4 1 388 + ?>.4U>.377 1 5?? Mg/pc7

(>) Xrdsmûf df \.X. nrdftd o kolo vïbvubo, kobkubolo kif db crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld ldskorco dbdcmli: Xtm1 8.8;4Ulm + Xwe, m1 ? o < (3) Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti ld kiftribi pmbiti, (posis ?< y ?4). (5) Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti prmfkmpob, (posis ?< y ?4). (=) Xrdsmûf ld kmdrrd o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo, Xvk: Xl o \.^. 1 Xvk 1 Xvi (? - W) +Xt W (?8) Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld kmdrrd, Xsk :   Xsk 1 Xvk - pdsi ld bo kibuafo ld cos (Xmc. 7.; i kibuafo 4) (??) Noktir  ld kirrdkkmûf pir tdapdroturo, Kt (\ogbo 7.?) (?7) Xrdsmûf ldb liai ld bo vïbvubo o >8 ¸N:   Xl o >8 ¸N 1 Xl o \.^. x Kt

 

(?;) Xrdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr   Xtri  Xtr i1¹

Ldtdramfor db dspokmo Ldtdramfor dspokmoamdft amdfti i y prdsm prdsmifds ifds rdqudrm rdqudrmlos los ld lmsdÿi ld vïbvubos ldsgobofkdolo ldsgobofkdoloss korcolos korcol os kif fmtrûc fmtrûcdfi dfi o >8 ¸N, ipdrol ipdrolos os pir prdsmû prdsmûf f ldb cos ld mfydk mfydkkmûf kmûf poro ufo mfstobokmûf ld G.F.b. kif kiftrib pir dstrofcubolir df bo supdrnmkmd, df uf pizi kif bos koroktdrástmkos smcumdftds: Lmïadtri dxtdrmir ld \.X. 1 7 ;/5 pc. Lmïadtri dxtdrmir ld \.W. 1 3 pc. Xrinuflmlol ldb dapokolir 1 5888 pmd. Xrdsmûf df bo kogdzo ldb pizi 1 48 bg/pc 7 . Xrdsmûf ld nifli dstïtmko 1 ?;>8 bg/pc7 . Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld ipdrokmûf 1 =88 bg/pc7 . Costi aïxmai dstmaoli 1 ?48 gbi/láo. \dapdroturo supdrnmkmob 1 ?88 ¸N \dapdroturo o 5888pmd ld prinuflmlol 1 ?58 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.3 (omrd 1 ?.8) Crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld nbumli ld kiftrib 1 8.< bg/pc 7 /pmd. [IBTKMIF: (?) Xrdporor df ufo crïnmko bos dskobos ld prdsmûf vs. prinuflmlol kiai sd audstro df bo Nmc. ?4. ^. W. (7) Aorkor Xsi 1 =88 bg/pc 7 df bo supdrnmkmd. O portmr ld dstd pufti y kif db crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf.

 

trozor ufo báfdo eosto bo prinuflmlol ld 588 pmd. Ld bo Nmc 7.; kif Xsi y λ c18.3 sd igtmdfd uf crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld 7;.4 bg/pc7 / ?888 pmd.  

7;.4

Xt 1

?888

7

 x 5888 1 ?855 bg/ pc

(;) Aorkor Xwe 1 48 bg/pc7 df bo supdrnmkmd. ( bg/pc7/pmd. O portmr ld Xwe Xwe 1 48 bg/pc7 trozor ufo báfdo poro db crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld ldskorco eosto bo prinuflmlol ld 5888 pmd: 8.8> x 5888 + 48 1 4;8 bg/pc7 (4) O portmr ld Xwe 1 48 bg/pc7 trozor bo báfdo ldb crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ldb nbumli ld kiftrib eosto mftdrsdktor bo báfdo ld bo prdsmûf ld ipdrokmûf df supdrnmkmd, Xsi 1 =88 bg/pc7: 8.< x ?888 + 48 1 8 pmd kif prdsmûf ld opdrturo ld nifli ld =47 bg/pc7. (>) Xortmdfli Xortmdfli ld bo X Xsi si 1igtdfmíflisd =88 bbg/pc7 g/pc7 tiaor lmndrdfkmos ld 574 74 bbg/pc7 g/pc7 poro bo boKif prdsm prdsmûf ûf ldvobirds y ipdrokmûf df supdrnmkmd, vobirds ld =34, 548 y 588 bg/pc7. dstis λ c 1 8.3 y kif bo Nmc. 7.; sd igtmdfd bis crolmdftds ld prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf rdspdktmvis: 7;.7, 7;, 7?.>, y 7? bg/pc7/?888pmd, smf kifsmldror kirrdkkmifds pir tdapdroturo0 pir bi tofti, poro trozor bos báfdos kirrdspiflmdftds eosto 5888 pmd ld prinuflmlol. 7;.7 x 5 + 534 1 ?8>8.> bg/pc 7 7;.8 x 5 + 548 1 ?8; x 5 + 574 1 ==3.5 bg/pc 7 7?.8 x 5 + 588 1 =>5.8 bg/pc 7 (3) Xormdfli ldb pufti ld mftdrsdkkmûf cdfdroli df bd posi (4) trozor ufo báfdo eirmziftob eokmo bo mzqumdrlo eosto mftdrkdptor bo báfdo ldb crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld  Ldskorco  Lds korco ld 8.8> bg/pc7 (5) O portmr ldb pufti igtdfmli df db posi (5) trozor ufo báfdo eokmo ogoji., porobdbo o bo báfdo ldb crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ldb nbumli ld kiftrib, eost eosto o qud mftdrsdk mftdrsdktd td bo bbáfdo áfdo ld Xsi1 534 bg/pc7. Db pufti ld mftdrsdkkmûf ldtdramfo bo prinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf kibikokmûf ld bo sdcuflo vïbvubo o kif:  

>7>4 3>bg/ pc7

(?7) Ldtdramfor bo korco df bo \.X. qud sdrï giagdolo pir kmkbi utmbmzofli bo dxprdsmûf Xt1 ± Xws.  

?

7

Xt 1 7  x ?;>8 1 >58 bg/ pc

(?;) Tf kiftrib pir dstrofcubolir rdqumdrd ufo vïbvubo qud tdfco ufo oapbmtul mcuob o >> bg/pc7kirrdspiflmdftds ob koagmi ld prdsmûf df bo \.W fdkdsormo poro suamfmstror. >7.>4 pmd; ld cos.Xir bi tofti: Bo prdsmûf ld kmdrrd rdspdktmvo ds : Xvk 1 =35 ‛ >> 1 =?7 bg/pc 7 (?58

18.77? pc. Dftifkds sd sdbdkkmifo db osmdfti ld =/7; pc. y db osmdfti prmfkmpob ld 4/5 pc. Db osmdfti ld =/?7 pc. tmdfd uf vobir ld W 1 8.?=58 bg/pc7 (posi ?7). (3) Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti ld kiftrib i pmbiti (posis ?< y ?4) (5) Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti prmfkmpob (posis ?< y ?4) (=) Xrdsmûf ld kmdrrd o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo Xvk: Xl o \.^. 1 Xvk 1 Xvi (?-W)+XtW (?8) Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld kmdrrd, Xsk: Xsk1 Xvk ‛ pdsi ld bo kibuafo ld cos (ld bis posis 7 y >). (??) Noktir ld kirrdkkmûf pir tdapdroturo, kt (\ogbo 7.?) (?7) Xrdsmûf ldb liai ld bo vïbvubo o >8ºN:  

Xlo >8 ºN 1 Xl o \.^. x Kt

(?;) Xrdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr:  Xtri  Xtr i1¹

 

?>. Ldtdramfor db lmïadtri ldb osmdfti ld kiftrib poro bo vïbvubo pmbiti ldb kiftrib supdrnmkmob pir 

 

dstrofcubolir y kmkbi ld tmdapi ld ufo mfstobokmûf ld G.F.M. df uf pizi kif bo mfniraokmûf smcumdftd: 3

 Lmïadtri dxtdrfi ld \.X 1 7  pc 5

Lmïadtri dxtdrmir ld \.W. 1 3 pc. Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo vïbvubo 1 5888 pmd. Xrdsmûf ld ipdrokmûf supdrnmkmob 1 588 bg/pc7 Xrdsmûf ld lmsdÿi df \.X. 1 >88 bg/pc7 \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?38 ºN Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.>4 (omrd 1?.8). ?

^ïbvubo ld ?  pc. l.d 7

 Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.33 pc7 Lmïadtri ldb osmdfti prmfkmpob 1

= ?>

 pc

[ibukmûf: (?) Kobkubor bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo ld bo vïbvubo o bo prinuflmlol ld 5888 pmd Ld bo Nmc. 7.; kif Xsi 1 588 bg/pc7 y λ p 18.>4 sd igtmdfd ?5.< bg/pc7/?888pmd, dftifkds: Xvi1 588 + ?5.< x 5.888 1 =8 bg/ pc7

(8 bg/pc7 , pir bi tofti: Xl o \ \.^. .^. 1=8 1 553 bg/pc7 Ld bo dku. 7.;?: \DN 1 \DN 1

∎X  Xlo\ . ^ .∗ Xt  >8 553∗ >88

18.78=84

 Oldaïs: \DN 1

 W  , dftifkds: ?∗ W

 

W1

\DN  8.78=84  1   ?∗\DN  ?∗ 8.78=?4

W 1 8.?37= [ogmdfli qud W 1

 Op  , dftifkds:  Og

 Op1 8.?375 x 833 1 8.?;;? pc7 [upifmdfli uf osmdfti ld lmïadtri ;/5 pc.: Op1 8.??8;4 pc7 Kiaporofli bis vobirds ld Op oftdrmirds, sd sdbdkkmifo db osmdfti ld kiftrib ld lmïadtri ;/5 pc. Xir bi tofti: W1

8.??8585

ld bo dk. 7.77: Xl o ?38 ºN 1 =;388x 8.8>;3< Xl o ?38 ºN 1 =74 bg/pc7 Ld bo dk. 7.;? ∎ X1 8.8>585 (=74->88)1 77 bg/pc7 Xoro uf kiftrib kákbmki ld tmdapi bo ∎ X ldgd sdr adfir i mcuob o bo amtol ld bo koálo ld prdsmûf fdkdsormo df bo \. W. poro suamfmstror uf vobir ld cos ldtdramfoli0 pir bi tofti poro dstd kosi db lmïadtri ldb osmdfti ld kiftrib ld ² pc. ds kirrdkti. ?3. Ldtdramfor db dspokmoamdfti ld bos vïbvubos gobofkdolos ipdrolos pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf ld uf pizi kif G.F. kiftmfui, goji bos koroktdrástmkos smcumdftds: Lmïadtri ld tugdráo ld prilukkmûf 1 7 ;/5 pc. (?.==4 pc. l.m.) Lmïadtri ld tugdráo ld rdvdstmamdfti 1 3 pc. Xrinuflmlol lb pizis 1 5888 pmd

 

Xrinuflmlol ldb dapokolir 1 3=48 pmd Xrdsmûf df bo kogdzo ldb pizis 1 ?48 bg/pc7 Xrdsmûf ld orrofqud 1 548 bg/pc7 Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld ipdrokmûf 1 388 bg/pc7 Xrdsmûf ld nifli dstïtmko 1 7>88 bg/pc7 Áflmkd ld priluktmvmlol priluktmvmlol 1 4 gb/láo/bg/pc7 (kifstoftd) Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.>4 (omrd 1 ?.8) \dapdroturo supdrnmkmob nbuydftd 1 ?;8 ºN \dapdroturo ld nifli ldb pizi 1 788 ºN Costi ldsdoli 1 ?888 gb/láo (?88% okdmtd) Wdbokmûf cos-okdmtd ld niraokmûf 1 488 pmd ; /gb Db pizi sd dfkudftro bbdfi ld nbumli ld kiftrib (crolmdftd 1 8.44 bg/pc7 /pmd) y ldskorco ob sdporolir. [ibukmûf: o) Xor Xoro o db kïb kïbkub kubi i ld Xwn Xwn00 ld bo d dk. k. ?.?= Xwn 17>88 ∗

?888 4

 1 75 bg/pc7 /pmd 7>88

F.D. 1 5888 F.L. 1 5888 -

8.;>5 75

 1 =;4 y Xsi1 388 bg/pc7

¼ cron. 1 \ 

?38 + ?.> x 5888 / ?88 7

?;8 + 788

 1 ?8= ¸W

 

¼ rdob 1 \ 

 

∎pcron. 1 ?>.4 bg/pc7/?888 pmd.

 

∎Xkirr. 1 ?>.4 x

7

 1 ?>4 ¸N 1 >74 ¸W

>8= >74  1

?>.83 bg/pc7/?888 pmd.

Xoro trozor bo kurvo ldb crolmdftd ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf ld ipdrokmûf y ld lmsdÿi. Xvi1 Xsi + ∎X kirr. 1 388 +?>.83 x 5 1 575.4> bg/pc 7 X lmsp. 1 Xsi + ?88 1 588 bg/pc7 Tfmr bis puftis ld Xsi kif Xvi

 

] X lms`. Kif X lms`. O 5888 pmd 1 575.4> + ?88 1 =75.4> bg/pc 7 l) Xoro trozor bo kurvo ldb crolmdftd ldb nbumli ld kiftrib. Tfmr bis puftis ld : Xwe 1 ?48 bg/pc7 (pir ldskorcor db pizi ob sdporolir) y o 7888 pmd: Xrdsmûf N.K. 1 Xwe + crol. N.K. x Xrin. 1 ?48 + 8.44 x 7888 1 ?748 bg/pc7 d) Xoro ldt ldtdramfo dramforr db pu pufti fti ld mf mfydkkm ydkkmûf ûf ldb co coss ld mfyd mfydkkmûf kkmûf.. \ro \rozor zor db crolmdft crolmdftd d ld nbuji foturob, ufmdfli db F.L. kif bo Xwn kobkubolo df db mfkmsi o), adlmoftd ufo báfdo rdkto. Ld bo mftdrokkmûf ld ístd kif db crolmdftd ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf ld ipdrokmûf sd igtmdfd db pufti ld gobofkd o ;488 pmd, 348 bg/pc 7 n) Wd Wdst stïf ïfli libd bd ?88 ?88 bbg/ g/pc pc7 ob pufti ld gobofkd sd igtmdfd db pufti ld mfydkkmûf o ;7;8 pmd, >48 bg/pc7 . c) Xoro trozor db crolmdftd nbuydftd orrmgo ldb pufti ld mfy mfydkkmûf, dkkmûf, sd bikobmzo sigrd bo eijo trofspordftd db pufti ld bo Xwe y X.\. [igrd bo kurvo ld crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld nbuji aubtmnïsmki df tugdráo vdrtmkob poro \. X. ld ?.==4 pc., qi 1 ?888 gb/láo (?88% okdmtd), Nmc. O ‛ 783, ldsbmzor bo eijo ld tob nirao qud bo Xwe qudld df db kdri ld bo kurvo ld crolmdftd, trozofli bo kurvo qud mftdrkdptd i sd oprixmad o X.M. igtdfmdfli ufo WC\B 1 ?888 pmd ;/gb e) ^ibuadf ldb cos ld mmfydkkmûf fydkkmûf rdqudrmli. ^cm 1 (WC\B ‛ Ws) x qB ^cm 1 (?888 ‛ 488) x ?888 1 488888 pmd ; /láo. m)

Lmïadtri ldb irmnmkmi ld bo vïbvubo X? 1 prdsmûf df X.G. 1 348 bg/pc7 X7 1 prdsmûf df X.M. 1 >48 bg/pc 7

\XM 1 ?;8 -

 

788 + ?;8 5888

 x ;7;8

\XM1 ?45 ¸N 1 >?5 ¸W

Noktir ld kirrdkkmûf 1 8.844x>?5 1 ?.8=8; q ck 1 488888 x ?.8=8; 1 4 kif \ 1 ?45 ºN y λ c18.>4 : @ 1 ?.74= Ld bo dk. 7.4; O: KO 1

  4.8>

1 >74 ¸W

)

 x ?;54 1 7;.8 bg/pc7/?888 pmd.

 

Xoro bo sdcuflo vïbvubo ∎p crïn.1 ?3.; bg/pc7/?888pmd \crïn. 1 ?8.;.7< ºN 14>;.7< ºW \ rdob1?;=.=5ºN rdob1?;=.=5ºN 14==.=5 ºW

∎p kirr. 1;3.8; bg/pc7 Xvi. 1353.8; bg/pc7

Xoro bo tdrkdro ^ïbubo: ∎p crïn.1 ?>.3 bg/pc7/?888pmd \crïn. 1 ?85.8< ºN 14>5.8< ºW \rdob 1?ºN 1 >87.> ºW ∎p kirr. 1.? bg/pc7 \ crïn. 1 ??8.5< ºN 1438.5< ºW \ rdob1?4=.88=> Xl o >8ºN 1 >;3.55 bg/pc7 Xoro bo kuorto vïbvubo: Kt 1 8.574453; Xl o >8 ºN 1 >?5.< bg/pc7

(7) Kobkubor bo prinuflmlol ldb fmvdb lmfïamki, F.L.   Ld bo \ogbo ;.? bo ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb okdmtd ld ¸;4 O OXM XM ds 8.5< 8.55 bg/pc7 . Tfmr bis puftis Xsi y X lmsp. df bo supdrnmkmd: =88 + ?88 1 ?888 bg/pc7 kif Xvi y X lmsp. o 5888 pmd, rdspdktmvoadftd, adlmoftd báfdos rdktos igtdfmdfli osá bis -crolmdftds ld prdsmûf ld ipdrokmûf y lmspifmgbd rdspdktmvis. (>) Ld bo mftdrsdkkmûf ldb crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld ipdrokmûf kif db crolmdftd ld prdsmûf foturob sd igtmdfd db pufti ld gobofkd gobofkd o ufo prinuflmlol ld 4;85 pmd y prdsmûf ld ?8>8 bg/pc7 (3) Wdstor ?88 bg/pc7 o portmr ldb pufti ld gobofkd y sd igtmdfd igtmdfd db pufti ld mfydkkmûf o ufo prinuflmlol ld 4??4 pmd y prdsmûf =>8 bg/pc7. (5) \rozor db crolmdftd nbuydftd orrmgo ldb pufti ld mfydkkmûf Cno: bikobmzor Xwe 1 ?48 bg/pc7 y dapbdor db prikdlmamdfti ld bo eijo trofspordftd, smtuofli Xwe df db kdri ld bo kurvo ld crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ld nbuji aubtmnïsmki df tugdráo vdrtmkob0 Nmc. O 783 (ώ\.X. 1 7 pc. , qB 1 ?888 gb/láo y ?88% okdmtd) dftifkds sd igtmdfd ufo WCB\ ld ;888 pmd;/gb y sd trozo db Cno orrmgo ldb X.M.

 

(?8) \rozor db crolmdftd ld prdsmûf ldb nbumli ld kiftrib kiftrib o portmr ld Xwe 1 ?48 bg/pc7 eosto mftdrsdktor db crolmdftd ld X lmsp. 1 ?888 bg/pc7: 8.) 7 + ;=3=37 (8.?45>); -  ?4?8>?4 (8.?45>)< lk 1 < pc. Dftifkds db lmïadtri ldb osmdfti ld bo vïbvubo aïs kdrkofi kirrdspifld o ??/?> pc. kif:  Og 1 8.33 pc7 y Op 1 8.;3?7 pc7. Ldsorribbor bo \ogbo ?5.W kiai smcud: (?>) Xoro kobkubor bo prdsmûf ldb liai o bo tdapdroturo ld bo vïbvubo, qud ds mcuob o bo prdsmûf ld kmdrrd (Xvk) nrdftd o kolo vïbvubo, sd utmbmzo bo smcumdftd dkuokmûf: Xl o \.^. 1 Xvi (? - W) + Xt W, kibuafo 5 Lifld: W1

8.;3?7 8.33

 1 8.8 ¸N: K1

? ?+ 8.887?4∓( \ .^ .∗>8 )

 

Xl o >8¸N 1 Kt U Xl o \.^., kibuafo ?8. (?=) Kobkubor bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr, Xtri: Xtri 1

 Xl ( o >8 ¸ N )  , kibuafo ??. ? ∗ W

(78) Ldtdramfor bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo ld kolo vïbvubo o bo prinuflmlol kirrdspiflmdftd, utmbmzofli bo prdsmûf df \.X. nbuydfli rdob:  Xtrdobb UW  , kibuafo ?7.  Xtrdo  X virdob 1  Xlo\ . ^?.∗ ∗ W

(7?) Ldtdramfor bo prdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld opdrturo ld kolo vïbvubo o kiflmkmifds rdobds ld ipdrokmûf:   Xsirdob 1 Xvirdob  ‛ Xkibuafo ld cos, kibuafo ?;.

 

 

\OGBO ?5. W (?) ^ïbvubo

 

(7) Xrinuflmlol (pmd)

(;) \dapdroturo (¸N)

() Xsi Lmsdÿi

(3) Xvi Lmsdÿi

(5) (=) Xl Xsk * o \.^.

(?8) Xl  O >8¸N

(??) Xtri

(?7) Xvi rdob

(?;) Xsi * Wdob

?

7888

?7>.3

4>=.7;

.=7

47;.83

=

5

37

?;==.8

??47.5

?85;.7

;

;7

?8>.?4

=;8

?8?.5

3.3

588.88

>3>.=7

=78

?8?4.7

=??.<

5?>.7

34

>.3

53>.=7

5;8.38

=88

?8??.4

=.>

5;4.?

338.8

?.3

?84.?4

5=8

?88;.>

=43.;

54 kif bo smcumdftd mfniraokmûf: ^ïbvubo Xl o 58¸N (Mg/pc7) Fi.

Xt 7 (Mg/pc )

\dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo (¸N)

Xvi aïx. Xvi 7 7 (Mg/pc ) (Mg/pc )

?

388

788

?34

;48

?48

88

488

?44

-----

-----

[ibukmûf:

^ïbvubo

?

Xvi (Mg/pc7)

=;7

7 53?.53

7 =43.

; 578.><

< 33.?5

?.< [d tmdfd ufo vïbvubo ldsgobofkdolo ld G.F., liai kif F7 y ipdrolo pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf qud sdrï kibikolo df uf pizi o ufo prinuflmlol ld >888 pmd lifld bo tdapdroturo ds ld ?>8 ¸N. Bo rdbokmûf Op/Og ds 8.??7 y sd fdkdsmto qud bo prdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld kmdrrd sdo ld >88 bg/pc7. Kobkubor: o) Xrdsmûf ld kmdrrd o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vvïbvubo, ïbvubo, bg/pc7 g) Xrdsmûf ldb liai ld bo vïbvubo o >8 ¸N, bg/pc7 k) Xrdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr o >8 ¸N, bg/pc7   [ibukmûf: o) Xvk 1 >55.?5 bg/pc7 g) Xl o >8¸N 1 4>>.< Mg/pc7 k) Xtri 1 >;3.5< Mg/pc7 ?.4 Tfo vïbvubo ldsgobofkdolo ld G.F., liai korcoli o prdsmûf kif F 7 o >8 ¸N y ipdrolo pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf, ld ? ?/7 x ;/5 pc., kudfto ki kif f bo smcumdftd mfniraokmûf:  Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.3>4 pc7

 

Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo vïbvubo 1 5888 pmd Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld opdrturo 1 588 bg/pc7 Xrdsmûf df o \.X. 1 Xvi - ;88 bg/pc 7 \dapdroturo supdrnmkmob 1 ?88 ¸N \dapdroturo o 5888 pmd ld prinuflmlol 1 ?58 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.3 (omrd 1 ?.8) Ldtdramfor: o) Xrdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobb tobbdr dr kif F7 o >8 ¸N, bg/pc7 g) Xrdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr kif F 7 o 58 ¸N, bg/pc7 k) Xtri, kifsmldrofli df bis kïbkubis prdsmûf o kibuafo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf, mfydkkmûf,   kifBo db liai ld bo vïbvubo korcoli kif F 7 obo>8 ¸N. ld bbo l) Bo Xtri, kifsmldrofli qud db liai ld bo vïbvub vïbvubo o sd kkorco orco kif cos ld ldfsmlol rdbotmvo 8.> (omrd 1 ?.8) o >8 ¸N .

[ibukmûf: o) Xtri Xtri o > >8¸N 8¸N 1 54 54?. ?.3 3 Mg Mg/p /pc7 c7 g) Xtri Xtri o 5 58¸N 8¸N 1 55 55?. ?.3< 3< MMg/ g/pc pc7 7 k) Xtri Xtri o >8 ¸¸N N15 54? 4?.> .>7 7 Mg Mg/p /pc7 c7 l) Xtri o >8 ¸N 1 5?5.?; Mg/pc7 kif cos

 

[DWMD 7. ^ 7.? Tfo vvïbvubo ïbvubo ldsgobofkdolo ld G.F. korcolo kkif if rdsirtd ([t 1 34 bg/pc7) y liai kif F7 o >8 ¸N tmdfd ufo prdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr ld >88 bg/pc 7 y sdrï ipdrolo pir  prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkk mfydkkmûf, mûf, df uf pizi o ufo prinuflmlol ld >888 pmd, lifld bo tdapdroturo ds ld ?>8 ¸N. Kifsmldrofli bo rdbokmûf Op/Og 1 8.??7, kobkubor: o) g) k) l)

Xrdsmûf ldb liai ld bo vïbvubo o >8 ¸N, Mg/pc 7 Xrdsmûf ldb liai ld bo vïbvubo o ?>8 ¸N, Mg/pc 7 Xrdsmûf ld kmdrrd o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo, Mg/pc7 Xrdsmûf ld kmdrrd supdrnmkmob, bg/pc7

[ibukmûf:

o) Xl o >8 ¸N 1 >.? Mg/pc 7 g) Xl o ?>8 ¸N 1 4>>. Mg/pc 7

k) Xvk 1 >;; Mg/pc7 l) Xsk 1 448.8 ¸N y [t 1 >88 Mg/pc7), ipdrolo pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf y kudfto kif bbis is lotis smcumdftds: ^ïbvubo ld ? ?/7 x ?/< pc.  Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.3>4 pc. Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo vïbvubo 1 3888 pmd  ld opdrturo df db tobbdr 1 548 bg/pc 7 Xrdsmûf ld Xrdsmûf Xrdsmûf df bo \.X. 1 >88 bg/pc7 \dapdroturo supdrnmkmob 1 ?88 ¸N \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?58 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.3 (omrd 1 ?.8) [ibukmûf:  1 34 pc7 Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo vïbvubo 1 >888 pmd

 

Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld opdrturo 1 388 bg/pc7 Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob Xrdsmûf df bo \.X. 1 488 bg/pc7 \dapdroturo supdrnmkmob 1 58 ¸N \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?>8 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.>4 (omrd 1 ?.8) Kobkubor bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr, df bg/pc 7 poro bis smcumdftds kosis: o).^ïbvubo korcolo kif rdsirtd. g) ^ïbvubo ld liai korcoli kif F7 o >8 ¸N k) ^ïbvubo ld liai korcoli kif F7 o >8 ¸N y rdsirtd, [t 1 Mg/pc7 k) Xtri 1 58? Mg/pc7

7.< Df uf pizi o ufo prinuflmlol ld 3888 pmd sd mfstoborï ufo vïbvubo ldsgobofkdolo ld G.F. ipdrolo pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf y sd kifikd bo mfniraokmûf smcumdftd: ^ïbvubo ld ? ?/7 x 3/?> pc.  Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.33 pc7  ld opdrturo df db tobbdr 1 548 bg/pc 7 Xrdsmûf ld Xrdsmûf Xrdsmûf df bo \.X. 1 >48 bg/pc7 \dapdroturo supdrnmkmob 1 ?88 ¸N \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?58 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.>4 (omrd 1 ?.8) Kobkubor bos prdsmifds supdrnmkmobds ld opdrturo y kmdrrd df bg/pc7 poro bis smcumdftds kosis: o) ^ïbvubo korcolo df db liai kif F7 o >8 ¸N g) ^ïbvubo korcolo úfmkoadftd kif rdsirtd k) ^ïbvubo korcolo df db liai kif F7 o >8 ¸N y rdsirtd, [t 1 >88 Mg/pc7 [ibukmûf: Mg/pc /pc7 o). o).   Xsi 1 3>= Mg Xsk 1 37> bg/pc7 7

 

g) Xsi g) Xsi 1 433.?5 37> bg/pc Xsk 1 Mg/pc7

 

k) Xsi k) Xsi 1 >;5.44 Mg/pc7 Xsk 1 >78.=> Mg/pc7

 

7.4 Tfo vïbvubo ld G.F., ipdrolo pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf kudfto kif bis lotis smcumdftds: ^ïbvubo ld ? ?/7 x 3/?> pc.  Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.3>4 pc7 Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo vïbvubo 1 3888 pmd  ld opdrturo df db tobbdr 1 548 bg/pc 7 Xrdsmûf ld Xrdsmûf

 

7

Xrdsmûf df bo supdrnmkmob \.X. 1 >48 1bg/pc \dapdroturo ?88 ¸N \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?58 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.3 (omrd 1 ?.8) Kobkubor: o). Bos prdsmifds supdrnmkmobds ld opdrturo, Xsi y ld kmdrrd, Xsk poro bo vïbvubo ld liai korcoli kif F7 o >8 ¸N g) [t,  Xsi y Xsk poro bo vïbvubo korcolo úfmkoadftd kif rdsirtd. k) Xsi y Xsk poro bo vïbvubo korcolo kkif if rdsirtd, [t1>88 Mg/pc7 y liai kif F7 o >8 ¸N l) Db dndkti ld bo \.X. d) Bo oapbmtul ld bo vïbvubo poro prdsmi prdsmifds fds df bo \.X. ld 788, 88 bg/pc7 Kifsmldrofli: d.?) liai korcoli kif F7 o >8 ¸N

d.7) vïbvubo úfmkoadftd kif rdsirtd. [ibukmûf: o).Xsi1 33 bg/pc7 k) Xsi 1 >74.;< Mg/pc7  

l). \.D. 1 ?4= Mg/pc7 d) d.?)

Xt, Mg/pc7 788 88

d.7)

Xt, Mg/pc7 788 88

X, Mg/pc7 ?>?.?4 ??7.74 >;.;4

∎

X, Mg/pc7 ??5.8= >=.?= 78.7=

∎

 

[DWMD ;.^ ;.? Tfo vïbvubo gobofkdolo ld G.F. y ipdrolo pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf korcolo df db liai kif cos ld ldfsmlol rdbotmvo 8.>8 (omrd 1 ?.8) o 388 bg/pc7 y 58 ¸N y oldaïs kudfto kif bo smcumdftd mfniraokmûf: ^ïbvubo ld ? ?/7 x ;/?> pc.  Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.38=> pc7 Xrinuflmlol ld kibikokmûf ld bo vïbvubo 1 5888 pmd \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 788 ¸N Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.>4 (omrd 1 ?.8) Kobkubor: o). Bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo, bg/pc7

g) Bo prdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld opdrturo, bg/pc7 [ibukmûf: o). Xvi 1 =88 bg/pc7 g) .Xsi 1 348 bg/pc7 ;.7 Tfo sorto ld \.X. kif vïbvubos ld G.F. gobofkdolos y ipdrolos pir prdsmûf ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf, sdrï kirrmlo df uf pizi o ufo prinuflmlol ld 3888 pmd. Db liai ld bos vïbvubos ds korcoli o prdsmûf kif cos ld ldfsmlol rdbotmvo 8.>8 (omrd 1 ?.8) o ufo tdapdroturo ld 58 ¸N. Kifsmldrofli bo rdbokmûf Op/Og 1 8.??7 y kif db smcumdftd dspokmoamdfti, kobkubor bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo supdrnmkmob ld kolo vïbvubo: ^ïbvubo Xl o 58 ¸N Xrinuflmlol ld \dapdroturo Xsi

^ïbvubo

Xl o 58 ¸N 7 Mg/pc

Xrinuflmlol ld vïbvubo pmd

\dapdroturo ¸N

? 7 ; <

588 348 388 >48

7888 ;488

>88 448

>488 3888

7?8 778

Xsi 7 Mg/pc

[ibukmûf: ^ïbvubo 7

Xsi, Mg/pc

?

7

;

<

4

>

5;>

58<

338

377

>3;

>?<

 

;.; Df uf pizi o ufo prinuflmlol ld 3888 pmd sd mfstoborï ufo vïbvubo ld G.F. ldsgobofkdolo ipdrolo pir nbumlis y sd lds ldsdo do qud bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo df db tobbdr  7 sdo ld 488 bg/pc o >8 ¸N oldaïs sd tmdfdf bis smcumdftds lotis: ^ïbvubo ld ? ?/7 x ;/5 pc.  Ïrdo ld nudbbds 1 8.3>4 pc7 \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?38 ¸N Xrdsmûf lmspifmgbd df supdrnmkmd 1 ?888 bg/pc7 Ldfsmlol rdbotmvo ldb cos ld mfydkkmûf 1 8.3 (omrd 1 ?.8) Kobkubor bo prdsmûf ld opdrturo, bg/pc7, o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo poro bis kosis smcumdftds: o). ^ïbvubo korcolo df db liai kif F7 o >8¸N g) ^ïbvubo korcolo úfmkoadftd kif rdsirtd k) ^ïbvubo korcolo kif rdsirtd ([t 1 ;88 bg/pc 7) y liai kif F o >8 ¸N

7

[ibukmûf: o). Xt 1 4 pc7  ld opdrturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 =78 bg/pc 7 Xrdsmûf ld Xrdsmûf Xrdsmûf supdrnmkmob ld opdrturo 1 =88 bg/pc7 \dapdroturo o bo prinuflmlol ld bo vïbvubo 1 ?