2

 

@urs 3 sbg L [^G@E

şBALOţă AB LOHKSGESB-ABZCEQBSB LOHKSGESB-ABZCEQBSB ^SLXLOA GKAEILQEQBE AB  ECKSAESB E ALP@L^ILOBL ALP@L^ILOBL ’^SLO@L^LL şL GBQKAB AB @KOPBSXESB E EILGBOQBIKS’ - 

BIBGBOQB FBOBSEIB ^SLXLOA @KOPBSXESBE EILGBOQBIKS ‐ 

P^B@LEILZESLIB L.G.E.^.E. śl @.B.^.E. 3>3>-3>35

 

 

 Gkttk :

Lotrkau`brb

PĀ gĀoão`l bstb k ob`bsltetb, aer sĀ geoão`l lotbilfbot bstb k ertĀ.

 

Hreoækls ab Ie Sk`mbhku`euia 

Ïoelotb ab e eckrae `kgpibxe prkcibgetl`Ā e clktbmokikfllikr ab treoshkrgerb śl prbiu`rerb e eilgbotuiul prb`ug śl e ibfĀturll alotrb e`bstbe śl slfureoŠe śl sb`urltetbe eilgboterĀ,  eilgboterĀ, bstb utli sĀ sb prb`lzbzb `ãtbve okŠluol śl `ko`bptb . ! @b bstb Eilgbotui ;  Ro prlg bibgbot  bstb  bstb `bi rbhbrltkr ie abhlolŠle prkausuiul eilgboter : eilgbotui bstb krl`b  prkaus ab krlflob eolgeiĀ seu vbfbteiĀ, ïo hkrgĀ skilaĀ, vãs`kesĀ seu il`mlaĀ, ïo sterb prkespĀtĀ  seu prbiu`retĀ, eib `Ārul `ere`tbrlstl`l, `kgpkobotb śl sterb ab `kosbrverb pbrglt sĀ hlb utlilzet ïo

eilgboteŠle ugeoĀ. Ïo `kgpkzlŠle eilgbotbikr  bxlstĀ  bxlstĀ k ierfĀ fegĀ ab `kostltuboŠl outrltlvl, ïo fbobrei `kguol tuturkr eilgbotbikr, aer ïo prkpkrŠll p rkpkrŠll alhbrltb4 alotrb e`bśtle `bl gel lgpkrteoŠl suot: epe, fiu`labib, ilplabib, prktblobib, sucsteoŠbib globreib śl vlteglobib. ! @b bstb pbrlsecliltetbe eilgbotuiul ;. ! @erb suot prk`bsbib śl efboŠll `erb prkau` eitbrerbe eilgbotuiul ;  ;   Ei aklibe bibgbot  sb rbhbrĀ ie heptui `Ā  `Ā Eilgbotbib eu alhbrltb freab ab pbrlsecliltetb, pb rlsecliltetb, ab ie  puŠlo pbrlsecli pãoĀ ie bx`bslv ab pbrlsecli. ^rlo pbrlsecliltetb ïoŠbibfbg freaui ab sboslcliltetb sboslcliltetb ie  ie

eitbrerb ïo `koalŠllib gbaluiul egcleot.  ^rk`bsbib gel  ^rk`bsbib  gel lgpkrteotb `erb prkvke`Ā eitbrĀrl ïo eilgbotb suot prk`bsb ab hbrgboteŠlb, ab mlarkilzĀ, ab kxlaerb, ab eutkilzĀ  śl ab putrbhe`Šlb. EfboŠll rbspkoseclil ab e`bstb

treoshkrgĀrl suot: gl`rkkrfeolsgbib `erb `koteglobezĀ eilgbotbib, bozlgbib prkausb ab e`bstbe śl bozlgbib boakfbob, prkprll prkausuiul śl he`tkrll hlzl`l. ^rlo abhlolŠlb, uo prkaus eilgboter eitbret  bstb uo prkaus `erb e suhbrlt gkalhl`Ārl eib `kgpkzlŠlbl seu ïosuślrlikr lolŠleib, gkalhl`Ārl `erb eu veikrl ïo ehere e here lotbrveibikr eaglsb, `kovboltb seu rbfibgbotetb.

 

 pbotru `kosug seu !  Ro prkaus eilgboter eitbret  bstb e`bi prkaus `erb ou gel bstb ept  pbotru  Ab rbŠlout !  `kosugetkruiul.. bstb pbrl`uiks pbotru sĀoĀtetbe krl vleŠe `kosugetkruiul  k pertb alo ïosuślrlib krfeokibptl`b, Ro prkaus eilgboter eilgboter abprb`let  bstb e`bi prkaus `erb e plbraut  k outrltlvb seu ab abslfo. 

^b ieoŠui eilgboter alotrb prkau`brbe seu rb`kiterbe uoul prkaus eilgboter śl `kosugui e`bstule, e`bste sb pketb abprb`le seu eitbre, ae`Ā ou sb eslfurĀ `koalŠll tbmokikfl`b ab `kosbrverb `krbspuozĀtkerb. Ou ougel he`tkrll ab treoshkrgerb treoshkrgerb bxtbrol `l śl `bl lotrbrol

(bozlgbib, clkte lotbroĀ, he`tkrl pkiueoŠl lofbreŠl) lofbreŠl) eu bhb`tb obfetlvb esupre `eiltĀŠll uoul prkaus eilgboter, ie `erb sb eaeufĀ k sbrlb ab eiŠl he`tkrl `erb Šlo ab `kotegloerbe lolŠleiĀ lolŠleiĀ e  e prkausuiul seu `kotegloerbe ab pb tresbui alotrb prkau`brb seu rb`kiterb śl `kosug, ab e`Šluobe uokr sucsteoŠb eaĀufetb ob`kotrkiet ïo prkaus (ealtlvl eilgboterl, eajuveoŠl tbmokikfl`l) seu  pĀtruoabrbe e``laboteiĀ ïo prkaus seu pb prkaus e uokr sucsteoŠb pbrl`uikesb pbotru sĀoĀtetbe ugeoĀ ś.e. Ïo e`bst sbos, uoul prkaus eilgboter, ïo huo`Šlb ab spb`lhl`ui śl `ere`tbrlstl`lib e`bstule, l sb epil`Ā tbmol`l śl tbmokikfll ab `kosbrverb alvbrsb, slofuierb seu esk`letb. Abprb`lbrbe śl eitbrerbe prkausbikr eilgboterb sb prkau` `e ` e urgerb e e`Šluoll he`tkrlikr gkalhl`etkrl el `eiltĀŠll śl `ere`tbrlstl`likr e`bstkre. E`bśtle pkt hl ab oeturĀ gl`rkclkikfl`Ā, `mlgl`Ā seu hlzl`Ā. PkiuŠle ab `kgcetbrb e abprb`lbrll śl eitbrĀrll eilgbotbikr

bstb `kosbrverbe e`bstkre. !. Puot pĀrbrl `erb `kotlouĀ sĀ susŠloĀ heptui `Ā ibfĀture alotrb albtĀ Ȝl sĀoĀtetb bstb  Ab rbŠlout !. Puot le eilgbotbikr  gel  gel guit ab`ãt prlo freaui ikr aabb treoshkrgerb treoshkrgerb  abtbrgloetĀ gel eibs ab `kgpkzlȔ le

uitre-treoshkrgetb   (R^H) e epĀrut e`ug @ko`bptui ab eilgbotb uitre-prbiu`retb  uitre-prbiu`retb  seu uitre-treoshkrgetb ``e.5> eol, hĀ`ãoa pertb alotr-k rbvlzulrb ob`bserĀ e `ieslhl`Ārll eilgbotbikr ïo huo` Ȕ lb lb ab freaui ab  freaui ikr ab prk`bserb, gel prk`bserb, gel abfrecĀ ab`ãt ab `ko loutui ikr ab outrlbo l . Ob`bsltetbe e`bstul abgbrs sb cezbezĀ pb stuall bhb`tuetb pb alvbrsb `etbfkrll ab kegbol, rbzuitetbib tbstbikr eretãoa k esk`lbrb pkzltlvĀ ïotrb `kosugui ab ab eilgbotb uitre-prbiu`retb l rls`ui `rbs`ut  ie gel guitb  petkikfll `rkol`b

Ȝl

abrbfiĀrl gbteckil`b. Ïo pius, eilgbotbib uitre-prbiu`retb per e hl

mlpbrfil`bgl`b, sĀre`b ïo `kgpuȜl ab prktb`Ȕ lb, lb, siec sĀȔ lkesb lkesb Ȝl `koȔ lo lo `kgpuȜl strĀlol `krpuiul ugeo. Esthbi, rb`ieslhl`erbe eilgbotbikr ïo huo`Ȕ lb lb ab freaui ikr ab prk`bserb eau`b k okuĀ iugloĀ esupre eilgbotbikr, ïo fbobrei śl e outrlȔ lbl lbl ugeob, ïo spb`lei.

 

@ko`bptui R^H bstb ïos`rls ïo `ieslhl`erbe OKXE, OKXE, `ieslhl`erb rb`uoks`utĀ ab `Ātrb HEK (Hkka eoa Efrl`uiturb Krfeolsetlko śl ab `Ātrb ^eo Egbrl`eo Mbeitm Krfeolzetlko (^EMK), lo`iuzãoa petru frupb tbmokikfl`b ab eilgbotb, rbspb`tlv eilgbotb obtreoshkrgetb seu puŠlo treoshkrgetb, lofrbalbotb `uiloerb, eilgbotb treoshkrgetb śl eilgbotb uitre- treoshkrgetb.

K pbrlkeaĀ ab tlgp s-e erfugbotet bhb`tui obhest ei treoshkrgĀrlikr eilgbotbikr prlo gbtkae ‟ he`tkruiul ccloer  loer ‗, ‗, ab tlpui `erob prkespĀtĀ- prbperetb alo `erob `u eaeksurl, hru`tb `kgpkt seu aui`beŠĀ ab hru`tb, `brbeib - hĀlourl ab `brbeib, sbgloŠb kibeflokesb-uibl, shb`iĀ ‐   zemĀr, ieptb lotbfrei ‐ prbperetb alo ieptb bt`, pbotru `e kaetĀ `u slstbgui OKXE sĀ sb

iĀrfbes`Ā vlzluobe, ab tlpui ‟trlpibtbikr ‟trlpibtbikr ab treoshkrgerb‗ treoshkrgerb‗ , prb`ug ‟  GĀr ‐ @kgpkt ab gbrb ‐ Pu` bxtres loaustrlei alo gbrb ‗

Hlf.5. Frupbib ab eilgbotb `krbspuozĀtkr `ko`bptuiul OKXE

eilgbotb,,  G lolg lolg prbiu`retb seu obprbiu`retb, obprbiu`retb, alhbrltbib prk`bsb ab  ^botru frupe 5 ab eilgbotb treoshkrgerb sb cezbezĀ pb prk`bsb gel guit seu gel puȔ lo lo `kgpibxb, rbspb`tlv: `urĀȔ erbe erbe Ȝl bilgloerbe hre`Ȕ luolikr luolikr ob`kgbstlclib, spĀierbe, hlitrerbe, vkpslrbe, `brobrbe, se`rlhl`erb, tĀlbrb-

 

abspl`erb, abzkserb, pkr ȔȔ lkoerb, l  koerb, ïgcutbilbrb, ab`kjlrb, zarkclrb, us`erb, rbhrlfbrerb, `kofbierb,  pestburlzerb, stbrlilzerb, fĀtlt `u epĀ `ik`ktltĀ seu ïo ecur, abfrbserb, egceierb slgpiĀ (suc vla seu ïo prbzboȔ e uokr fezb `kosbrveotb), prbserb, gei Ȕ erb erb (eaĀuferb ab epĀ) Ȝl hbrgboterb (eaĀuferb ab gl`rkkrfeolsgb vll) hĀrĀ e prkau`b ei`kki.  ^botru e kc lob prkausb alo frupe 3, 3,  Lofrbalbotb `uiloerb `uiloerb,, bstb ob`bser sĀ sb utlilzbzb prk`bsb `epeclib sĀ treoshkrgb eilgbotbib ab cezĀ, `ug er hl rehloerbe, gĀ`loerbe,  prbserbe, bxtre`Šle, hrbzerbe, puarerbe, mlarkilze bt`. treoshkrgetb,   lo`iua gbtkab ab  Eilgbotbib prk`bsetb alo frupe 0,  Eilgbotbib treoshkrgetb,  prk`bserb `erb pbrglt prbpererbe seu `kosbrverbe, `ug er hl: fĀtlrbe (eite ab`ãt `u epĀ `ik`ktltĀ seu ie ecur), hbrgboteȔ ll ll (ei`kkil`b, ab pãlob Ȝl petlsbrlb, pbotru crãozbturl), `kosbrverb, ïgcutbiletb, prb`ug Ȝl eitb gbtkab spb`lhl`b ab `kosbrverb, `ug er hl sĀrerbe, ehugerbe seu gerloerbe.  Ïo `bib alo urgĀ, eilgbotbib alo frupe 1, 1, Eilgbotbib  Eilgbotbib uitre-prbiu`retb uitre-prbiu`retb suot  suot `bib `erb utlilzbezĀ `bib gel `kgpibxb prk`bsb ab treoshkrgerb, prb`ug rb`kgcloerbe, rb`kostltulrbe Ȝl fbobrerbe ab hkrguib okl alo lofrbalbotb, ïo spb`lei pkroloa ab ie `bib alo fr frupe upe 3 (uiblurl Ȝl frĀslgl, hĀloĀ, eglako Ȝl zemerurl), eaĀuferbe uoul ougĀr gerb ab steclilzetkrl, skivbo Ȕ l,l, ileoȔ ll,, `kosbrveoȔ l,l, efboȔ l ab ïofrkȜerb, bguifetkrl, ïoaui`ltkrl, pktboȔ etkrl etkrl ab erkgĀ, `kikreoȔ l Ȝl eiȔ l ealtlvl (ejutkerb ab prk`bserb), eaĀuferb ab epĀ Ȝl / seu ebr pbotru e `rbȜtb vkiugui, eaĀuferbe ab gl`rkoutrlboȔ l,l, mlarkfboerb, mlarkilzĀ, prbtretegbotb prlo prĀjlrb seu fĀtlrb bt`.

 P`kpui śl gkaui `kosbrvĀrll eilgbotbikr Eśe `ug s-e eglotlt, prk`bsbib `bib gel lgpkrteotb `erb prkvke`Ā eitbrĀrl eib eilgbotbikr suot prk`bsbib ab hbrgboteŠlb, ab mlarkilzĀ, ab kxlaerb, ab eutkilzĀ śl ab putrbhe`Šlb, ler efboŠll rbspkoseclil ab e`bstb treoshkrgĀrl suot: gl`rkkrfeolsgbib `erb `koteglobezĀ eilgbotbib, bozlgbib boakfbob, prkprll prkausuiul śl he`tkrll ab gbalu ( iugloe, kxlfboui, uglaltetbe,

`urboŠll ab ebr bt`.). ►Gl`rkkrfeolsgbib `erb ►Gl`rkkrfeolsgbib `erb eitbrbezĀ eilgbotbib suot: `lupbr`lib gl`rks`kpl`b śl ce`tbrllib. ○@lupbr`lib pkt @lupbr`lib pkt hl hliegboterb, ougloau-sb ïo e`bst e` bst `ez gu`bfelurl śl `lupbr`l

uol`biuierb, ougltb ibvurl seu arkjall.

 

 Gu`bfelurlib  Gu`bfelurlib suot  suot `kotegloeoŠl hrb`vboŠl el prkausbikr eilgboterb4 hlloa `lupbr`l seprkhltb, aktetb `u k gerb putbrb ab abfreaerb. Robib spb`ll suot tkxl`kfbob. tkxl`kfbob. BxlstĀ ïosĀ śl uobib spb`ll ab `lupbr`l utlib ïo loaustrle eilgboterĀ, ïo spb`lei ie prbpererbe crãozbturlikr.  Gu`bfelurlib eu  Gu`bfelurlib  eu stru`ture guitl`biuierĀ gl`bileoĀ, rbprkau`brbe śl alsbgloerbe ikr he`ãoau-sb prlo hkrgerbe ab `biuib spb`leib ougltb spkrl, `erb pkt hl ab krlflob sbxuetĀ sbxuet Ā seu vbfbtetlvĀ. !. @eiltetbe uoul prkaus eilgboter `kosbrvet abploab ab `eiltetbe getbrlbl prlgb utlilzetb !   Ab rbŠlout !.  @ieslhl`erbe `lupbr`likr bstb hkertb vestĀ. Alo guitltualobe ab `iesb, heglill śl fbourl,  pbotru loaustrle eilgboterĀ prbzlotĀ lgpkrteoŠĀ `iese ^my`kgl`btb `erb `uprloab fbourlib  Smlskpus śl Gu`kr  `e  `e śl `iese Huoflikr lgpbrhb`Šl , , `erb `uprloab fbourlib Espbrfliius śl  ^bol`liiloug, hkertb tkxl`kfbob.

 Arkjallib seu ibvurlib suot ibvurlib suot `lupbr`l gl`rks`kpl`b gl`rks`kpl`b ab tlp uol`biuier Bib eu uo rki alstru`tlv prlo hbrgboteŠlb aer suot utlilzetb śl ïo loaustrle eilgboterĀ, pertl`lpãa ie hecrl`erbe e ougbrkesb prkausb eilgboterb ïo: vlolhl`eŠlb, hbrgboteŠle ie`tl`Ā, prbpererbe crãozbturlikr,  cresbrlb bt`.  Ab rbŠlout !  Arkjallib ou prkau` tkxlob, abs`kgpuoãoa tkxlob, abs`kgpuoãoa eilgbotbib bib bib ou puo  prkcibgb frevb ab kralo tkxl` ïo eilgboteŠlb.  Ce`tbrllib suot gl`rkkrfeolsgb `erb `koteglobezĀ `be gel gerb pertb e prkausbikr

○

eilgboterb, `kostltuloa uo gerb pbrl`ki pbotru `eiltetbe e`bstkre `eiltetbe e`bstkre śl pbotru sĀoĀtetbe `kosugetkruiul. Fbourlib `erb lotbrbsbezĀ eilgboteŠle suot ïo `be gel gerb pertb uol`biuierb uol`biuierb,, `u k stru`turĀ `biuierĀ rualgboterĀ. @biuie ce`tbrleoĀ bstb gl`Ā, ab kraloui uoul gl`rko. Ïo gka kclśoult, ce`tbrllib sb ïoguiŠbs` prlo s`lzlperltetb (alvlzluob slgpiĀ). Robib spb`ll ïosĀ, ïo `koalŠll abhevkreclib, pkt sĀ spkruibzb, hkrgãoa uo boakspkr , `erb bstb k hkrgĀ hkertb rbzlstbotĀ. E`bste pbrgltb ce`tbrllikr sĀ rbzlstb ïo `koalŠll ab tbgpbreturl s`Āzutb śl rlal`etb, tbgpbreturl ie `erb hkrgbib vbfbtetlvb gkr. K `ere`tbrlstl`Ā `e re`tbrlstl`Ā e ce`tbrllikr bstb gerb ikr vltbzĀ a` prkilhbrerb (ïoguiŠlrb) ïo `koalŠll kptlgb ab tbgpbreturĀ śl uglaltetb4 ab el`l rbzuitĀ rbzui tĀ gerbe ikr putbrb ab eitbrerb e eilgbotbikr. @ieslhl`erbe ce`tbrllikr  bstb  bstb hkertb `kgpibxĀ, abkerb`b bxlstĀ k gerb alvbrsltetb ab tlpurl  clkikfl`b. Pb vkr rbŠlob ïosĀ ougel e`bib frupb texkokgl`b tex kokgl`b `erb suot tkxlokfbob pbotru eilgbotb.  E`bstbe suot:

 

Cru`biie- tketb fbourlib śl spb`llib e`bstbl frupb suot tkxl`kfbob4 ete`Ā ïo gka abksbclt - Cru`biie`erobe, ieptbib, crãozbturlib. Gl`rk`k`ll, `u  `u fbourlib `erb lotbrvlo hrb`vbot ïo eilgboteŠlb, rbspb`tlv  Gl`rk`k``us śl - Gl`rk`k`ll, Ptepmyik`k`us.

- Ptrbptk`k`ll 4 frupe `uprloab fbourl `erb `koteglobezĀ eilgbotbib, aer śl fbourl ab hbrgboteŠlb, gel eibs ïo hbrgboteŠle ie`tl`Ā. Alotrb fbourlib `erb `koteglobezĀ eilgbotbib gel hrb`vbotb Ptrbptk`k`us, Ibu`kokstk` śl ^balk`k``us. - E`tlokce`tbrllib `uprloa E`tlokce`tbrllib `uprloa guitb fbourl petkfbob. ebrkcb- alotrb fbourlib guitlpib eib e`bstbl frupb trbculb gboŠlkoet - Ce`tbrllib spkruietb ebrkcb fboui Ce`liius `erb he`b pertb alo hikre kclśoultĀ, `kotegloïoa ougbrkesb prkausb eilgboterb.

- Ce`tbrllib spkruietb eoebrkcb -alo eoebrkcb -alo e`bestĀ frupĀ he`b pertb fboui @ikstrlalug. Frupe `uprloab ce`tbrll hrb`vbot ïotïioltb ïo ski śl epb rbzlauueib. Bib pkt `kotegloe śl abfreae  prkausbib eilgboterb ïo `koalŠll eoebrkcb (ïo `kosbrvb). Robib spb`ll suot putbrol` petkfbob.  ^rkilhbrerbe  gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr śl e`tlvltetbe ikr ab abs`kgpuobrb e eilgbotbikr suot  ^rkilhbrerbe  lohiuboŠetb ab k guitltualob ab he`tkrl alotrb `erb gboŠlkoĀg: tbgpbreture, uglaltetbe  eilgbotuiul (alspkolcliĀ pbotru e`tlvltetbe gl`rkkrfeolsguiul), kxlfboui   (ebreŠle), `kgpkzlŠle eilgbotuiul, lo`iuslv `ko`botreŠle ïo sĀrurl,  prbzboŠe sucsteoŠbikr  ce`tbrlkstetl`b  ce`tbrlkstetl`b seu ce`tbrl`lab, oeture gl`rkkrfeolsguiul seu, ae`Ā suot gel guitb,  stru`ture gl`rkhikrbl  ab pb eilgbotui rbspb`tlv. Huo`Šllib vlteib eib gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr    - alotrb `erb  prkilhbrerbe bstb bsboŠleiĀ - eu ie  cezĀ rbe`Šll clk`mlgl`b  clk`mlgl`b  `kgpibxb e `Ārkr vltbzĀ ab abshĀśurerb bstb gexlgĀ ie tbgpbreture kptlgĀ śl s`eab k aetĀ `u s`Āabrbe tbgpbreturll. Ab e`bbe, tbgpbreture bstb he`tkrui prlo`lpei `erb hevkrlzbezĀ, hrãobezĀ seu kprbśtb prk`bsbib vlteib eib gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr. AupĀ hbiui `ug rbe`ŠlkobezĀ ie alhbrltb olvbiurl ab tbgpbreturĀ, alhbrlŠl eutkrl eu `ieslhl`et gl`rkkrfeolsgbib ïo 0 frupb : tbrgkhlib, gbzkhlib śl pslmrkhlib. pslmrkhlib. ○

 Bozlgbib   suot sucsteoȔ b `kgpibxb (gkib`uib  Bozlgbib (gkib`uib prktbl`b) prktbl`b) `b pertl`lpĀ ie hkertb guitb

rbe`Ȕ ll ll `b eu ik` ïo krfeolsgui okstru. E`bstbe suot `eteilzetkrl spb`lhl`l `b ïgprbuoĀ `u `kbozlgbib rbfibezĀ prk`bsbib  clk`mlgl`b alo krfeolsg. HerĀ bozlgb hru`tbib ou s-er `ke`b, sbglo Ȕ bib bib ou er fbrgloe, ou eg putbe fãoal, ou eg  putbe alfbre eilgbotbib Ȝl ecskrcl sucsteoȔ bib bib outrltlvb prbzbotb ïo e`bstbe bt`.

 

 

Ïo `krpui okstru sb fĀsbs` eprkxlgetlv 36>> bozlgb alhbrltb `erb ïgprbuoĀ `u `kbozlgbib

hkrgbezĀ eprkxlgetlv 5>>.>>> ab `kgpuȜl `b ob ejutĀ sĀ vbabg, sĀ slgȔlg, sĀ euzlg, sĀ alfbreg mreoe Ȝl sĀ fãoalg.  Bozlgbib ou pkt alstrufb k `biuiĀ vlb vlb,, aer pkt abs`kgpuob k `biuiĀ gkertĀ. E`bst iu`ru iere e  e uobl `biuib vll, sb ïotãgpiĀ aetkrltĀ heptuiul `Ā k bozlgĀ ou pketb trevbrse gbgcreoe `biuiere aer etuo`l `ãoa `biuie gkerb pketb he`b e`bst iu`ru Ȝl esthbi `kgpuȜll prbzboȔ l ïo `biuie gkertĀ  pkt hl rbutlilzeȔ l.l. AbȜl bozlgbib sb fĀsbs` ïo `eotltĀ Ȕ l gl`l e`bstbe suot hkertb putbrol`b4 sprb bxbgpiu, 0> ab fregb ab pbpsloe purĀ pkt alfbre eprkxlgetlv akuĀ tkob ab eicu   ab ku. @ug e` lkobeze bozlgbib 

Ïo `ezui krfeolsguiul vlu vlu,, `ãoa `kosugĀg eilgbotb, bozlgbib prbzbotb ïo e`bstbe suot e`tlvetb ab `eiaurĀ Ȝl ugbzbeiĀ alo `evltetbe cu`eiĀ Ȝl ïgprbuoĀ `u bozlgbib prkausb ab krfeolsg prbalfbrĀ k pertb alo eilgbotb ïoelotb `e e`bstbe sĀ ejuofĀ ïo stkge`. Eitb bozlgb alfbrĀ mreoe pb tkt tresbui bl pbotru `e epkl bozlgbib gbteckil`b sĀ hkiksbes`Ā outrlboȔ ll ll rbspb`tlvl pbotru e rbfbobre Ȕ bsuturlib bsuturlib bxlstbotb Ȝl pbotru e prkau`b Ȕ bsuturl bsuturl okl. Hlb`erb `biuiĀ alo krfeolsg abploab ab uo eouglt frup ab bozlgb. Hlb`erb bozlgĀ erb k eougltĀ huo`Ȕ llb. Ab b. Ab bxbgpiu k bozlgĀ `erb alfbrĀ prktblob ou alfbrĀ l frĀslgl . Bozlgbib suot ïgpĀr ȔȔ ltb l  tb ïo akuĀ `etbfkrll: Bozlgb alfbstlvb ‐  ‐ alfbrĀ mreoe Bozlgb gbteckil`b ‐ rbfibezĀ prk`bsbib gbteckil`b lotbrob

alfbstlvb   suot ïgpĀr ȔȔ ltb l  tb ïo bozlgb alfbstlvb prkprll (prkausb ab krfeolsg) Ȝl * Bozlgbib alfbstlvb bozlgb alfbstlvb prbiuetb alo eilgbotb. Ïo huo`Šlb ab `kgpuśll pb `erb ïl abs`kgpuo, bxlstĀ gel guitb tlpurl ab bozlgb alfbstlvb:  ‐ ^rktbkiltl`b ‐ abs`kgpuo prktblobib ïo egloke`lzl4  ‐ Ilpkiltl`b ‐ abs`kgpuo frĀslglib ïo e`lzl freśl śl fil`brki4  ‐ Eglikiltl`b ‐ abs`kgpuo fiu`labib `kgpibxb ïo fiu`lab slgpib4  ‐ Ou`ibkiltl`b ‐ abs`kgpuo e`lzll ou`ibl`l (EAO, ESO) ïo ou`ibktlab. *Bozlgbib gbteckil`b gbteckil`b    

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E`tlkobeze pb pkst ab `eteilzetkrl ie `rbstbrbe kesbikr, rbhe`brbe tbsuturlikr, rbfierbe gbteckilsguiul, vkrclrb, rbsplretlb, rbprkau`brb, euz sl `kotre`tle krl`erul gus`ml.

 

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 Ob alrb`tlkobeze mkrgkoei krfeolsgui.

 

 

Pb fesbs` lo gka okrgei ok rgei lo clk`mlgle krfeolsguiul okstru.

 

^b gesure `b lgcetreolg, e`tlvltetbe bozlgbikr gbteckil`b siecbstb.

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Bozlgbib gbteckil`b e`tlkobeze spb`lhl` lo seofb, krfeob sl tbsuturl. Hlb`erb tbsut ei e i `krpuiul erb prkprle se bozlge gbteckil`e, `bib ` bib gel lgpkrteotb hlloa supbrkxla alsguteze (PKA)  sl sl `eteieze.  Loegl`ll bozlgbikr 

Bozlgbib suot sboslclib ie `eiaurĀ, realeŠll l ie pM  Ȝl ab e`bbe gão`erbe fĀtltĀ ie tbgpbreturl rlal`etb Ȝl prk`bserbe loaustrleiĀ e eilgbotbikr ib pkt alstrufb. Etuo`l `ãoa fĀtlg gão`erbe ie tbgpbreturl rlal`etb aboeturĀg tketb bozlgbib Ȝl esthbi sb ejuofb ie eilgbotb obalfbretb ïo lotbstlob `b pkt, suc lohiuboȔ e ce`tbrllikr, sĀ lotrb ïo putrbhe`Ȕ llbb Ȝl

sĀ prkau`Ā tkxlob `b ejuof epkl ïo sãofb Ȝl krfeob. E`bst hbokgbo sb ougb Ȝtb eutklotkxl`erb

Ȝl

bstb `ere`tbrlstl` pbrskeobikr `b eu prkcibgb ab alfbstlb (ïo fbobrei pbrskeobib `b suhbrĀ ab

`kostlpeȔ lb). lb). Etuo`l `eoa lofbrĀg bozlgb alo eilgbotb ïosbegoĀ `e krfeolsgui okstru trbculb se abpuoĀ uo bhkrt gel gl` pbotru e alfbre eilgbotbib rbspb`tlvb aetkrltĀ s`Āabrll prkau`Ȕ lbl lbl lotbrob ab bozlgb.Gbteibib bozlgb.Gbteibib frbib, absmlareterbe frbib, absmlareterbe Ȝl rezbib uitrevlkibtb ib loe`tlvbezĀ. Xãrste bstb hkertb lgpkrteotĀ ïo prkau`Ȕ le le ab bozlgb. @br`btĀrlib eretĀ `Ā ïo `ezui egliezbikr, pbrskeobib `u vãrste `uprlose ïotrb 35-05 ab eol eu k `eotltetb ab egliezb (lo `evltetbe cu`eiĀ) ab 0> ab krl gel gerb ab`ãt pbrskeobib `u vãrste `uprlosĀ ïotrb 6>-5>> ab eol.  Puot sĀoĀtkesb supilgbotbib `u bozlgb ; Pprb abksbclrb ab gerbe pertb e bozlgbikr prbiuetb alo eilgbotb, `bib `koȔ loutb loutb ïo e`bstb supilgbotb ou suot alstrusb ab e`laui festrl`. @ãoa eibfbg uo supilgbot trbculb sĀ ob eslfureg `Ā e`bste `koȔ lob lob prktbezb, egliezb, ilpezb Ȝ l ie`tezb.  ○@ieslhl`erbe gkabroĀ e gbtkabikr ab prk`bserb e eilgbotbikr K `ieslhl`erb su``lotĀ e prk`babbikr ab `kosbrverb e eilgbotbikr er hl urgĀtkerbe: ◝ @kosbrverb prlo bilgloerbe gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr utlilzeoa sbpererbe hlzl`Ā:  hlzl`Ā:   ‐ gl`rkhlitrerb4

‐ uitre`botrlhuferb. uitre`botrlhuferb.

◝ @kosbrverb prlo alstrufbrbe gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr (stbrlilzerb) prlo :  :  ○ e`tluobe `Āiaurll:

 

 ‐ hlbrcbrb `iesl`Ā (5>>º@)4

‐ stbrlilzerb ‐ epbrtlzerb (55>...51>º@)4

 ‐ RMQ(Ritre-mlfm tbgpbreturb)4  ○ realetll lkolzeotb (stbrlilzerb ie rb`b):  ‐ bib`trkol e``bibretl 4

‐ rezb ΰ śl ]4

 ‐ realetll uitrevlkibtb4 uitrevlkibtb4 ○ hkikslrbe eotlsbptl`bikr il`mlab seu fezkesb:  ‐ ei`kkil4

‐ e`lzl4

 ‐ `kosbrveotl `mlgl`l. ◝ @kosbrverb prlo bhb`t ab kprlrb e prkilhbrĀrll gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr ‐ bhb`t ab prktb`Šlb (ou ab bilgloerb):  bilgloerb):  ○ utlilzerbe tbgpbreturlikr s`Āzutb: s`Āzutb:  ‐ rbhrlfbrerbe prlo s`Āabrbe tbgpbreturll ie >...1º@ śl rbhrlfbrerb ïo vla4  ‐ `kofbierb -52ö -3> º@4  ‐ supre`kofbierb4  supre`kofbierb4  ○ rbau`brbe `kotloutuiul ab epĀ (bilgloerbe e 8>- 6>% alo epe ab `kostltuŠlb):  ‐ us`erb śl us`erb-ehugerb4

‐ absmlareterb4

 ‐ ilkhlilzerb4 ilkhlilzerb4 ○ prktb`tlb prlo ïo`krpkrerb, ïofikcerb ab lomlcltkrl:  lomlcltkrl:    ‐ sĀrerb us`etĀ śl ugbaĀ4

‐ ehugerb4

 ‐ `kosbrverb ïo seregurĀ4

‐ `kosbrverb ïo kŠbt (gerloerb)4

 ‐ `kosbrverb `u zemĀr4

‐ hbrgboteŠlb (prkausb ie`tetb).

◝ @kosbrverb prl prlo o prk`babb glxtb (utlilzãoa `bi puŠlo akuĀ prk`babb) prk`babb) :  ‐ rbhrlfbrerb ïo etgkshbrĀ `kotrkietĀ4 ‐ tretegbot tbrgl` urget ab rbhrlfbrerb4  ‐ tretegbot `u realetll lkolzeotb śl rbhrlfbrerb4 ‐ prlo hbrgboterb śl pestburlzerb seu stbrlilzerb4  ‐ prlo e`tluobe esupre e`tlvltĀtll epbl 4

‐ prlo e`tluobe esupre pM-uiul.

 Eitb `etbfkrll ab prk`babb  prk`babb  e ) Eoeclkze  ‐

prlo`lplui clkikfl` ei vlbtll ietbotb e efbotlikr clkvĀtĀgĀtkrl `b pkt prkau`b

eitbrerbe eilgbotbikr. Pb pketb rbeilze prlo gljike`b hlzl`b  hlzl`b  ‐ hlzlkeoeclkze, śl `mlgl`b `mlgl`b   ‐ `mlglkeoeclkze.

 

  c) @bokeoeclkze ‐ `rberbe ïo prkausbib eilgboterb e uokr `koaltll seu prkau`brbe ab sucsteotb

`erb ïgplbal`Ā abzvkiterbe  abzvkiterbe  gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr. Pb pketb rbeilze prlo gljike`b hlzl`b  hlzl`b  (hlzlk`bokeoeclkze) seu `mlgl`b śl clk`mlgl`b (`mlglk`bokeoeclkze). clk`mlgl`b (`mlglk`bokeoeclkze). `) Eclkze seu ilpse ab vletĀ ‐ sb rbeilzbezĀ prlo prk`babb:

 ‐ hlzl`b hlzl`b ‐  ‐ hlzlkeclkze4  ‐ `mlgl`b `mlgl`b ‐  ‐ eotlsbpteclkze4  ‐ gb`eol`b gb`eol`b ‐  ‐ gb`eokeclkze. e.5. Hlzlkeoeclkze `uprloab:

 ‐ pslmrkeoeclkze ‐ pslmrkeoeclkze ‐ rbhrlfbrerb4  ‐ `rlkeoeclkze  `rlkeoeclkze  ‐`kofbierb4  ‐ xbrkeoeclkze ‐ xbrkeoeclkze ‐ absmlareterb śl us`erb4  ‐ ksgkeoeclkze ‐ ksgkeoeclkze ‐ sĀrerb (meikksgkeoeclkze), `kosbrverb `u zemĀr (se``merkeoeclkze). Sbhrlfbrerbe sb rbeilzbezĀ prlo rĀ`lrbe prkausuiul prk ausuiul pãoĀ ie tbgpbreturl `uprlosb ïotrb > śl

1º@ śl erb `e bhb`tb :  ‐ ïo`btlolrbe abzvkitĀrll gl`rkhikrbl prkvboltb alo `kotegloĀrl lotbrob śl bxtbrob4  ‐ rbau`brbe vltbzbl rbe`tllikr mlarkiltl`b śl kxlaetlvb `eteilzetb ab bozlgb4  ‐ alglouerbe uokr prk`bsb hlzl`b.  @kofbierbe bstb `ere`tbrlzetĀ prlo s`Āabrbe tbgpbreturll prkausuiul suc >º@ (~ ‐5=º@),

 putãoau-sb rbeilze k auretĀ ab `kosbrverb ab `ãtbve iuol śl `mler gel guit. Erb `e bhb`tb:  ‐ cik`erbe guitlpil`Ārll gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr śl alstrufbrbe uokr fbrgbol sboslclil (`rlkstbrlilzerb)4  ‐ kprlrbe `bikr gel guitb alotrb rbe`tllib clk`mlgl`b.

Rs`erbe (Absmlareterbe) bstb prk`bsui ab loabperterb, pb `eib tbrgl`e, suc hkrge ab

vepkrl, e epbl seu eitb gball (e uglaltetll) alo prkausbib eilgboterb skilab seu il`mlab.Rs`erbe bstb uo prk`bs ab alhuzluob, abkerb`b trb`brbe uglaltetll alo prkaus (eilgbot) lo gbalui lo`kojuretkr sb cezbeze pb us`erbe uglaltetll ie suprehete eilgbotuiul urgete ab alhuzluobe uglaltetll alo streturlib prkhuoab `etrb suprehete. suprehete. ^rlo bvepkrerbe epbl sb ejuofb ie k veikerb e e`tlvltetll epbl alo prkaus (ew) suc >,6 `bbe `b ïgplbal`e abzvkiterbe gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr.

 

  AupĀ gkaui ïo `erb sb bxb`utĀ ïoabpĀrterbe vepkrlikr sb abksbcbs`: ○ us`erb ïo ebr4 ○ us`erb ïo vla4 ○ us`erb prlo `kovb`tlb ie prbsluob etgkshbrl`Ā  etgkshbrl`Ā  ○ us`erb ïo stret ab spugĀ  spugĀ   ○ us`erb prlo alspbrslb  alspbrslb  ○ us`erb prlo puivbrlzerb ○ us`erbe prlo `koau`tlb ie prbsluob etgkshbrl`Ā  etgkshbrl`Ā  ○ us`erb suc prbsluob  prbsluob  Eitb prk`babb pertl`uierb prk`babb pertl`uierb ab us`erb suot:  ‐ us`erb `u realetll lohrerkśll4

‐ us`erb `u gl`rkuoab4

 ‐ us`erb hevkrlzetĀ ab uitresuobtb4

‐ us`erb ezbktrkpĀ4

 ‐ us`erb perŠlei ksgktl`Ā. ^rk`babbib ab `kosbrverb `kgcloetb `u us`erbe, gel abs utlilzetb ïo loaustrlb, suot ::    ‐ us`erb `kgcloetĀ `u cieośerb ‐ ie hru`tb4  ‐ us`erb `kgcloetĀ `u cieośerb śl bxpeoaerb ‐ `ertkhl, gkr`kvl, rĀaĀ`lokesb hbill4  ‐ us`erb `kgcloetĀ `u ïo`Āizlrb ‐ bxpeoaerb4  ‐ us`erb `kgcloetĀ `u bxpeoaerb prlo bxtruaerb tbrgkpiestl`Ā4  ‐ abmlark`kofbierbe ‐ s`Āabrbe s`Āabrbe uglaltĀtll pãoĀ ie 2>% prlo `kofbierb4  ‐ `rlkabsmlareterbe ‐ ilkhlilzerb. ilkhlilzerb.   @kosbrverbe prlo sĀrerb @kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui zemĀruiul e.3. @mlglkeoeclkze @mlglkeoeclkze  `uprloab :  ‐ e`lakeoeclkze ‐ `kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui ktbtuiul (seu e`lalhlbrbe ertlhl`leiĀ)4  ‐ eokxleoeclkze ‐ `kosbrverbe eilgbotbikr ïo etgkshbrĀ ab @K 3 seu O 34   ‐ oer`keoeclkze ‐ `kosbrverbe su`urlikr ab hru`tb `u @K3 (seturetlb ïo gese il`mlauiul śl `rberbe uoul stret ab @K3 ie suprehetĀ)4  ‐ `kosbrverbe ïo etgkshbrĀ `kotrkietĀ (5>% @K3 ) e `Āroll, `kgcloetĀ `u tbgpbreture s`ĀzutĀ,  śl e gbrbikr śl strufurlikr ab gesĀ.

 

  c. Alo frupe ab `kosbrverb `b erb ie cezĀ `bokeoeclkze `bokeoeclkze sb  sb `uoks`:  `uoks`: 

 ‐ meik`bokeoeclkze ‐ `kosbrverbe prlo sĀrerb4 sĀrerb4  ‐ e`lak`bokeoeclkze ‐ `kosbrverbe uokr prkausb eilgboterb prlo hbrgbotetlb ie`tl`Ā (gurĀturl  (gurĀturl   `estrevbtl, verzĀ, su`url hbrgbotetb ie`tl`, seiegurl `ruab, prkausb ie`tetb e`lab pertlei ). ◜

 Gbtkabib ab `kosbrverb etbrgl`b gel lgpkrteotb suot:

○ `kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui prbsluolikr ïoeitb ‐ ïoeitb ‐ alstrufbrbe hkrgbikr vbfbtetlvb ab gl`rkkrfeolsgb suc e`tluobe prbsluolikr ïoeitb (1>>>-5> >>> cer). ^rbsluolib ïoeitb ehb`tbezĀ ibfĀturlib ab mlarkfbo, mlarkhkcb, lkol`b eib gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr, evãoa urgĀtkerbib bhb`tb :  ‐ loe`tlverbe uokr bozlgb aetkrltĀ aboeturĀrll pĀrtll prktbl`b e e`bstkre (pĀstrerbe ibfugbikr śl hru`tbikr)4  ‐ stlguierbe uokr bozlgb `ug er hl tbrgkilzloe śl `biuiezbib4  ‐ s`Āabrbe e`tlvltĀtll uokr bozlgb `ug er hl trbpsloe śl `erckxlpbptlaeze4  ‐ gkalhl`erbe stru`turll tbrtlerb śl `uetbroerb e prktblobikr, `rbśtbrbe alfbstlcliltĀtll alfbstlcliltĀtll śl gĀrlrbe sus`bptlcliltĀtll e`bstkre ie ete`ui prktbezbikr4  ‐ fbilhl`erbe eglakouiul śl prktblobikr4  ‐ gkalhl`erbe puo`tuiul ab tkplrb ei frĀslglikr, ei gĀrlrll `rlsteibikr `rlsteibikr ab trlfil`brlab4  ‐ lotboslhl`erbe erkgbl uokr prkausb eilgboterb prlo abzkrfeolzerbe uokr krfeoltb `biuierb `erb bilcbrbezĀ bozlgb prktbkiltl`b `b e`tlkobezĀ esupre prktblobikr `u hkrgerb ab sucsteotb ab fust4 ○ `kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui `ãgpuiul gefobtl` ‐ gefobtl` ‐ `ãgpui gefobtl` ks`lieot śl stetl` bxbr`ltĀ bhb`t ibtei esupre gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr aetkrltĀ urgĀtkerbikr e`tluol abtbrlkretlvb:  ‐ ie olvbiui gbgcreobikr `biuierb4  ‐ esupre EAO śl gkalhl`erbe slotbzbl EAO4  ‐ gkalhl`erbe hiuxuiul ab lkol (@e3+) prlo gbgcreoĀ. Eveotejbib gbtkabl suot urgĀtkerbib :  ‐ pĀstrbezĀ `eiltetbe sbozkrleiĀ śl outrltlkoeiĀ e prkausuiul (tbgpbreture `rbśtb `u gexlgug 2 ¾@)4  ‐ prkausui eilgboter pketb hl tretet ïo egceiejb piestl`b hibxlclib4  ‐ epil`erbe `ãgpuiul gefobtl` ou bstb pbrl`uikesĀ pbotru kpbretkr. ○ `kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui realetllikr lkolzeotb (ïo lkolzeotb (ïo prlo`lpei ΰ ) bstb utlilzetĀ ïo urgĀtkerbib s`kpurl :

 

gl`rkkrfeolsgrbikr petkfbob (real`laetlb ‐ 5-1 dFy)4  ‐ bilgloerbe gl`rkkrfeolsgrbikr  ‐ bilgloerbe gl`rkkrfeolsgrbikr ab eitbrerb ‐ hkrgb vbfbtetlvb (reaurlzerb ‐ realkpestburlzerb 5-8 dFy)4  ‐ bilgloerbe gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr ‐ hkrgb vbfbtetlvb śl spkrl, rbspb`tlv reaepbrtlzerb seu realkstbrlilzerb (52-8> dFy). E`tluobe bib`trkolikr e``bibretl śl e realetllikr ΰ sb geolhbstĀ ie olvbi ab etkgl śl ie olvbi ab gkib`uib `u bhb`tb obfetlvb ob fetlvb esupre prlo`lpllikr outrltlvb śl bozlgbikr alo eilgbotb. ○ `kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui `ãgpuiul bib`trl` puisetkrlu ab ïoeitĀ tbosluob ‐ tbosluob ‐ sb epil`Ā ie prkausb il`mlab, bhb`tui geolhbstãoau-sb `ãoa pktbotleiui ab treosgbgcreoĀ abpĀśbśtb 5 X ïo gbgcreoe `biuierĀ . ^rk`babui ou erb bhb`tb obfetlvb esupre veikrll v eikrll outrltlvb śl e prkprlbtĀtlikr sbozkrleib eib prkausbikr tretetb4 ○ `kosbrverbe `u lgpuisurl uitres`urtb ab iugloĀ ‐ iugloĀ  ‐ prkausb ab fbobretkerb iesbr seu iĀgpl (hiesm)4 erb ik` k alstrufbrb e gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr ab ie suprehete lotbrlkerĀ e egceiejbikr, au`ãoa ie prbiuoflrbe auretbl ab `kosbrverb, gel eibs `ãoa sb pre`tl`Ā abpkzlterbe ïo sterb rbhrlfbretĀ seu `kofbietĀ4 ○ `kosbrverbe / prbiuoflrbe auretbl ab abpkzlterb `u ejutkrui realetllikr RX ‐ RX ‐ `u epil`ecliltetb ïo loaustrle `Āroll. Puot trbl `etbfkrll ab realetll RX: E) δ7 1>>-052 og, C) δ7 052-3=> og4 @) δ7 3=>-35> og (`bib gel e`tlvb). E`tluobe ibteiĀ e realetllikr RX-@ bstb bxpil`ecliĀ bx pil`ecliĀ prlo:  ‐ lomlcerbe, loe`tlverbe uokr bozlgb `b `kotlo frupĀrl PM e`tlvb4  ‐ e`tluobe uokr prkauśl ab realkilzĀ e epbl4  ‐ abzkrfeolzerbe stru`turll prktblobikr, prlo s`loaerbe ibfĀturlikr ‐PP‐ śl rupbrbe ibfĀturlikr  pbptlal`b4  ‐ hkrgerbe algbrlikr ab tlgloĀ `erb abtbrgloĀ alstkrsluobe EAO . ◜

 Gbtkabib ab `kosbrverb tbrgl`b gel lgpkrteotb  lgpkrteotb suot:

 ‐ `kosbrverbe prlo ïo`Āizlrb kmgl`Ā ‐ kmgl`Ā ‐ sb epil`Ā prkausbikr eilgboterb il`mlab gel guit seu gel

 

 putlo vãs`kesb, `u uo eouglt repkrt skila / il`mla . E`bst prk`babu sb ïo`earbezĀ `e uo slstbg RMQ śl bhb`tui ibtei esupre gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr bstb aetkret `Āiaurll ` Āiaurll śl `urbotuiul bib`trl`4  ‐ `kosbrverbe prlo ïo`Āizlrb `u uoab realk ‐ bstb uo prk`babu `koslabret `e ïo`Āizlrb ïo albib`trl`, rbeilzãoau-sb `ko`kgltbot pestburlzerbe śl `kofbierbe ïo hiux `kotlouu e `kgpkzltllikr ab `erob, abstloetb kctlobrll prkausbikr alo `erob `u alegbtrui ab pãoĀ ie 2> gg. @ere`tbrlstl`lib `ãgpuiul ab uoab suot δ 7 5>-5>> gg, hrb`vbotĀ ab 0-0> GMz (uoab realk s`urtb)4  ‐ `kosbrverbe prlo ïo`Āizlrb loalrb`tĀ `u bhb`t Jkuib (E`tljkuib) (E`tljkuib) ‐ prlo`lplui e`bstul prk`babu `kostĀ ïo heptui `Ā bobrfle `eikrl`Ā, fbobretĀ prlo bhb`t Jkuib ïo gese uoul tuc gbteil`, bstb treosglsĀ prlo `kovb`tlb hkrtetĀ prkausuiul `erb `lr`uiĀ prlo tuc. Pb epil`Ā prkausbikr eilgboterb  peolpeclib: `kgpkzltll pbotru petburl ab hl`et, sksurl, arbsslofurl pbotru seietb, ieptb, su`url ab hru`tb, plurburl ab hru`tb, slrkpurl, `rbgb4  ‐ `kosbrverbe `u realetll lohrerkśll ‐ lohrerkśll ‐ e`bstbe pkt hl `u δ 7 >,62-3,2 ι (s`urtĀ), δ7 3,2-32 ι (gbalb), δ 7 32- 62> ι (gerb). Pb hkiksbs` ïo loaustrle `Āroll, ie us`erbe `brbeibikr, ` brbeibikr, ie`tkzbl, `ke`brbe pãloll, cls`ultlikr śl prkausbikr ab petlsbrlb4  ‐ `kosbrverbe `u ejutkrui sucsteotbikr eotlsbptl`b ‐ eotlsbptl`b ‐ eotlsbptl`bib suot sucsteotb `erb kprbs` k prbs` abzvkiterbe śl e`tluobe uokr uok r gl`rkkrfeolsgb (sucsteotb ce`tbrlkstetl`b) seu ib alstruf (sucsteotb  ce`tbrl`lab), ïo huo`tlb ab `ko`botretlb śl ab spb`le gl`rkkrfeolsguiul. He`tkrll `erb lohiubotbezĀ e`tluobe eotlsbptl`bikr suot: `ko`botretle sucsteotbikr, aurete ab `kote`t, tbgpbreture, spb`le śl ougĀrui ab gl`rkkrfeolsgb alo sucstret, stealui ab abzvkiterb ab zvkiterb ei gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr, `kgpkzltle `mlgl`Ā e gbaluiul śl pM-ui e`bstule. ^rlo`lpeibib sucsteotb eotlsbptl`b, sucstretui ab e`tluob śl akgbolui ab utlilzerb suot prbzbotetb ïo tecbiui 54  ‐ hlitrerbe stbrlilzeotĀ (sbstkeclkzĀ) ‐ (sbstkeclkzĀ) ‐ `kostĀ ïo rbtlobrbe gl`rkkrfeolsgbikr ab `Ātrb eougltb gbgcreob hlitreotb `erb pbrglt trb`brbe il`mlabikr `b urgbezĀ e hl `kosbrvetb, e`bstbe alo urgĀ trbculoa sĀ hlb egceietb ïo `koaltll ` koaltll esbptl`b. Pb pkt utlilze akuĀ aku Ā tbmol`l ab hlitrerb ‐ gl`rkhlitrerb śl uitrehlitrerb . Ie gl`rkhlitrerb suot rbtloutb pertl`uib `u alegbtrui gel gerb ab >,5 ιg (ce`tbrll, vlrusurl) śl ge`rkgkib`uib `u gese gkib`uier (GG) gel gerb ab 2>> >>>. Pb epil`Ā pbotru zbr, vlo, cbrb, su`url ilgpbzl ab hru`tb, epĀ pktecliĀ. ^rlo uitrehlitrerb sb rbtlo pertl`uib `u algbosluol >,>>5- >,5 ι, GG 7 2>>-2>> >>>. Pb epil`Ā ougel ie vlourl śl cbrb pbotru pbo tru ïoabpĀrterbe `kiklzlikr.

 

  Qecbiui 5. ^rlo`lpeibib sucsteotb eotlsbptl`b hkiksltb ïo loaustrle eilgboterĀ

 Or.`rt.

Eo t l s b p t l ` u i

Ppb`trui ab  Akgbolui ab utlilzerb

Akze

e`tluob 5.

E`la E`l a es` es`krcl krcl`, `, skrceoŠl skrc eoŠl

Gu Gu`b `bfe felu lurl rl,,

- gerferloĀ, gelkobzĀ, uot

arkjall

- frĀslgl śl uiblurl

-5>>> gf/df

- crãozbturl

 ‐ 2>> gf/df

- prkausb vbfbteib guretb

 ‐ 2>> gf/df

 ‐ su` u`ur urll ab hru` hru`ttb, slrkp lrkpuurl

 ‐

 ‐

hru` u`ttb

us us`e `ettb

5>-3> >-3>% %

seu (strkplrb)

`kofbietb

 ‐ 5>> >>>> gf/d gf/dff

 ‐ prka prkauusb ab pe peol olhhl`eŠl `eŠlbb

 ‐ 3>> gf/df

 ‐ prka prkauusb ab `khb khbtĀrlb

 ‐ 5>> >>>> gf/d gf/dff

 ‐ `rb `rbgb ab pe pettls lsbr brlb lb

 ‐ 2>> gf/df

 ‐ prka prkauusb zem emer erke kessb

 ‐ 5>> >>>> gf/d gf/dff

 ‐ vl vloourl url

 ‐ 3>> >>>> gf/d gf/dff

 ‐ `Ār `Ārou ourrl, pbst bstb

 ‐ 5>> >>>> gf/d gf/dff  ‐ 3>> gf/df

3.

E`la cbozkl` śl sĀrurli sĀrurlibb seib

Gu`bfelurl, arkjall

 ‐ l`rb `rb ob obffrb, gelk elkob obzb zb  ‐ sbg sbgl`k `koosbrvb brvb ab pb pbśt śtbb

 ‐ 5>>> gf/df ‐ 0>>-

 ‐ su` u`ur urll ab hru` hru`ttb

2>> gf/df ‐

 ‐ prka prkauusb ab `khb khbtĀrlb

0>>-8>>

 ‐ seiet eietbb ab hru` u`ttb, ugpi ugpiut utur urll

gf/df ‐ 2>>

 ‐ gĀsil Āsilob ob

gf/df ‐ 5>> gf/df

0.

PK PK33 su suih ihlŠlŠll śl ślsuih suiheŠl eŠl

‐ aui`bŠurl aui`bŠurl ‐ gergbi gergbieab, eab,  ‐ 32 gf/d gf/dff ‐ fbgurl ‐ slrkpurl oetureib ‐ 02 gf/df ‐ 2>

 

hru`tb

śl gf/df ‐

8>

ibfugbabsmlaretetb ibfugbabsml aretetb ‐ pestĀ gf/df ‐ 5>> tkgetb, cuilko ‐ `ko`botretb gf/df ‐ 3>> hru`tb, gust ‐ huifl ab gf/df ‐ 1>> `ertkh ‐ vlo

gf/df ‐ 3>>02> gf/df

1.

E`la E` la prkplkol` śl sĀrurli sĀrurlibb seib

crãozbturl tkpltb ‐ prkausb  ‐ 5>> gf/d /dff ‐ ab peolhl`eŠlb ‐ prkausb ab 3>>> gf/df ‐ `khbtĀrlb ‐ bxtre`t ab geiŠ ‐ 3>>> gf/df ‐  c  crã rãoz ozbt btur urll ( ie sup upre rehheŠĀ eŠĀ )

1>> gf/df ‐ =-5>% ski

2.

Mbxegbtlibo tbtregl tbtregloĀ oĀ

‐crãozbturl (ie supreheŠĀ) ,  ‐ 3 gf/d /dff ^rkvkikob

8.

Qlecboaezki

‐ `ltrl`b ( ie supreheŠĀ)

‐ 8 gf/df

6.

Alhboli

huoflstetl`

‐ 6> gf/df

=.

Hkrg Hkrglet let ab skalu skalu

‐l ‐l`r `rbb

 ‐5>>>> gf/df  ‐5>

 ‐abzl  ‐ab zloohb`t hb`ter erbe be rb`lplbotbikrr alo rb`lplbotbik vlouiul

loaustrle

 

Xă GRIţRGBP@ ^BOQSR EQBOţLB şL @KIECKSESB !