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FACTORS AFFECTING THE BOARD RATING 0F CRIMINOLOGY IN FATHER SATURNINO URIOS UNIVERSITY FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS (2016-2018)

 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Criminal Justice Education Program Father Saturnino Urios University Butuan City

In Partial Fulfilment of The Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Education

Hazel Joy V. Perla Jufil lou D. Ignilan Justine Joseph O. Demegillo Jan Lenbert S. Rodrigo

September 2019

 

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the board rating of the three selected schools in Caraga from the past three years (2016-2018). It aims to describe the school’s performance; to present the performance/board rating in the

Licensure Examination of the three selected schools, and to propose a plan of action or give a recommendation for the students or school to improve the board performance of the School.

 

Chapter I INTRODUCTION

Becoming a Criminologist is not an easy task-one has to graduate with a Bachelor’s degree in Criminology and pass the Criminologist Licensure Examination

(CLE) yet, many is wanting to be one. Some of their reasons in becoming a police officer is that, a police officer has the opportunity to save lives every day, they can help people make better choices, a police officer’s life is never a routine (some people don’t like

routine), and of course, the compensation and benefits are good. Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as social phenomenon. It includes within its scope the processes of making laws, of breaking laws and of reacting towards the breaking of the laws. Wolfgang, M. E. (1963).  (1963).  Criminology can thus be said to be and academic discipline that employs scientific methodology to study crime, its major forms, its reasons for existence or causation and how the criminal justice system can respond to crime. In its narrower sense, criminology looks at criminal behaviour of individuals in society and how they come to be perceived as such i.e. their social, cultural and economic background. In a wider sense, it looks at how the criminal is dealt with e.g. how he is punished and therefore includes penology. Their passing and that of others has reminded us how fortunate we have in our careers to have experienced the inordinate contributions of remarkable criminologists. In fact we not only have known personally many of these wonderful people who shaped thinking within criminology. Lilly, J. R., Cullen, F. T., & Ball, R. A. (2018).  

 

Normally, the BS Criminology program takes 4 years to complete. Board Examination is scheduled twice a year in the months of April and October. The main subjects of the board exam include Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure and Evidence; Law Enforcement Administration; Criminalistics; Crime Detection and Investigation; Sociology of Crimes and Ethics; and Correctional Administration. The enactment of Republic Act No. 6506 in 1972 created the Criminologist Licensure Examination. The examination was aimed to standardize the profession of criminologists in the country. However, the law was not implemented until 1988. At present, the CLE is conducted twice a year by the Professional Regulation Commission.  Although, the PRC PRC publishes the results results of the CLE and the per performance formance of the schools offering degrees of criminology, the quest to determine the likely predictors of the examinees’ performance has not yet been fully addressed. Barrera, D. J., Cagang, S., &

Capistrano, D. (2013).  (2013).  The performance of the graduates in an institution who take the licensure examination determines the quality of education the school provides, which eventually guarantees the efficiency and effectiveness of its graduate’s application of the things he

or she has learned in his or her chosen profession or career. car eer. It was also suggested in one of the author’s readings that a higher standard s tandard of performance of the instructional system

and consequently, the performance of the students in the licensure examinations reflects the institution’s efficiency as well as the intellectual capacity of the students that the school

has cultivated in the span of time that the students have remained in its portals (Investigating the Macro Perspective Affecting the Passing Rate in Board Examinations:  A Take-off Take-off Point in Designing Designing a Causal Causal Model, pp. 108-109). 108-109).

 

The Researchers were interested in knowing the factors that affects the board rating of Father Saturnino Urios University Bachelor of Science in Criminology, for they believe that knowing these factors will help students in passing the board exam and will improve the school’s performance. Also, passing the Criminologist Licensure

Examination given by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) can be one of the greatest achievements in the life of a criminology graduate. The examination is intended to prove the graduates’ knowledge, progress, skills and qualifications in a particular profession. Hence, this could be a lot of help for the students who aren’t graduate yet and

are planning to take the board exam. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher reviews some literature and readings that have bearing on the study. Criminology

Criminology is the study of the law enforcement and criminal justice system. A person looking for a career in criminal justice will very likely first seek to earn a criminology degree. Roufa, T. (2019)

Criminologist Licensure Examination

Republic Act No. 6506, enacted on July 01, 1972 an act creating the Board of Examiners for criminologists provides the area of concentration in the Criminology Board Examination. These areas of concentration are also the topics emphasized in every Criminology Review Center. The following are the areas of concentration with their

 

respective relative weights: Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure (20%), Law Enforcement Administration (20%), Correctional Administration (15%), Criminalistics (20%), Criminal Sociology (15%), and Ethics and Human Relations (15%). Most people think that taking the licensure examinations conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in the Philippines is difficult, diff icult, but people do not usually notice that what makes the exam really difficult is that they lack the preparation necessary for the board exam (Republic Act No. 6506 An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines and for Other Othe r Purposes, Section 14). Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress. In order to pass the examination, a candidate must subjects.  A Criminologis Criminologists ts job includes practice in the the field field of Law Enforcement Enforcement as an agent, agent, adviser or administrator; as a Technician in Dactyloscopy, Ballistics and other scientific aspects of crime detection; as an officer in any Correctional and Penal institution; as a Counselor in various agencies such as those involved in criminal research or public welfare; or as a teacher or instructor of Criminology sub jects in universities (“BS in Criminology in the Philippines”). Normally, the BS Criminology program takes 4 years to

complete. Board Examination is scheduled twice a year in the months of April and October. The main subjects of the board exam include Crimina Criminall Jurisprudence, Procedure and Evidence; Law Enforcement Administration; Criminalistics; Crime Detection and Investigation; Sociology of Crimes and Ethics; and Correctional Administration. Many students after graduation have 5-6 months to review the material before the board exam. Review programs are usually provided by the school. However, some students decide on

 

enrolling at specialized review centers (“BS in Criminology in the Philippines”).  Montalbo,

N. W. V., Vino, J. C. M., & Mojares, R. E  E  The performance of the graduates in licensure examination is a positive measure of the quality and standard of education a particular school provides. A source of prestige of an educational institution is the quality of its graduates. It is an indicator of the kind of educational training and learning they were provided by their school (Basaen, Bejar & Bambao, 2005). Buenaobra and Medallon (2013) also corroborate that the true measure of any board program is passing the ultimate test, the board exams. Basaen et al. (2005) further corroborate that the passing rate is a key factor measuring the kind of students and quality of instruction the faculty provided. It is also an indicator of the kind of faculty and teaching competence that prevail in a school. Moreover, the performance of the graduates reveals to a certain extent how well equipped they are which could also be attributed to the instructional materials provided by the institution (Candido Perez, Ph.D.). In accordance with the Republic Act No. 11131, also known as the Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018, any person who wants to practice his profession in criminology is required to pass a licensure examination given by the PRC’s Professional

Regulatory Board of Criminology. To comply with this law, the PRC is conducting the  Criminologist the

Licensure

Examination

(CLE) twice

a

year

(https://topnotcher.ph/criminology-board-exam-2018/) .  According  Accordin g to several research, research, college academic performance performance influences influences licensure licensure exam performance. Such emphasizes the importance of the delivery of the curriculum to the students, which implies that commitment to effective and efficient instruction to

 

facilitate students' academic achievement should be observed among all faculty members. Learning activities that are directly based on student needs, that focus on study and examination techniques, and that are largely student ‐driven, result in effective and valuable outcomes. Beckert, L., Wilkinson, T. J., & Sainsbury, R. (2003). However, The causal impact of attributions on academic performance was examined by changing low-scoring students' attributions regarding their poor performances. Initially, when students who were failing a college course identified the cause of the performance, they emphasized external, uncontrollable causes. Because these self-serving attributions could have perpetuated poor performance on subsequent examinations, students in the experimental condition were exposed to information that suggested that grades in college are caused by internal, controllable factors such as effort and motivation. Noel, J. G., Forsyth, D. R., & Kelley, K. N. (1987). There are several ways of defining quality of higher education institutions (HEI) in the Philippines. One tangible measure commonly used in the country is the performance of an HEI’s graduates in state licensure examinations (Padua, 2003).

Through these examinations, the skills and competencies which are said to be the likely outputs of a quality-assured HEI (Padua, 2012) could be measured to some extent. Unlike in other countries, criminology and criminal justice education in the country is not spared from this criterion. It is worth noting that, to our knowledge, it is only in the Philippines that criminology graduates are required to pass the criminologist licensure examination (CLE) before they can be considered as “criminologists.” This is mandated

 

by Republic Act No. 6506, the law that created the CLE. Barrera, D. J., Cagang, S., & Capistrano, D. (2013).  (2013). 

Theoretical Framework

Attributional utional theory theory of achievemen achievementt motivation motivation and emotion. emotion.  An Attrib Proposes a theory of motivation and emotion in which causal ascriptions play a key role. Evidence is presented indicating that in achievement-related contexts there are a few dominant causal perceptions, and it is suggested that the perceived causes of success and failure share the 3 common properties of locus, stability, and controllability, with intentionality and globality as other possible causal structures. The perceived stability of causes influences changes in expectancy of success; all 3 dimensions of causality affect a variety of common emotional experiences, including anger, gratitude, guilt, hopelessness, pity, pride, and shame. Expectancy and affect, in turn, are presumed to guide motivated behaviour. The theory therefore relates the structure of thinking to the dynamics of feeling and action. Analysis of a created motivational episode involving achievement strivings is offered, and numerous empirical observations are examined from this theoretical position. Weiner, B. (1985).

 

Thesis Diagram  Diagram  Figure 1

Statement of the Problem s chool’s board rating The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the school’s

in the examination; to help students who are going to take the board exam in passing by doing the advices/recommendation of the researchers. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors of failing / passing the Board Exam?  A. School Performan Performance ce B.  Attitude of the Students (Can’t make good study notes)  C. Study Habit/Time Management D. Financial Support

 

2. What are the factors encountered by the reviewees reviewees with regards to their preparation for the criminology licensure examination:  A. Attitude/ Interest B. Study Habit C. Knowledge Learning D. Psychological Factor

Hypothesis

Ho1. Problem 1 null hypothesis Ho2. There is no significant difference between the Factors affecting the board rating of criminology students from the selected schools in Caraga for the past three years as determined by School performance, Attitude of the students, study habit and financial support.

Significance of the Study

 

 To pass the Criminologist Crim inologist Licensure Lice nsure Examination given gi ven by the Professional Pr ofessional Regulation Commission (PRC) can be one of the greatest achievements of every criminology licensure examinees. The findings of this study will benefit to these following specific people: Criminology Students  – In this Study, the student will identify the importance of the use

of internet and books to their performance.   Instructors  – The instructor can also gain significance of this study. They would assess

the needs of the students an d formulate more effective’s strategies. Since they are considered as a backbones and pillars of knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to pass the criminology licensure examination. School  – The institution will assist, evaluate and improve the instructional strategies and

activities to improve and enhance the performance of criminology graduates in their licensure exam. Future Reviewees  –  The result of this study will serve as the basis for the future

reviewees. They will be in the better position in preparing themselves for the Criminology Licensure Exam.

Definition of terms

 

The following terms are defined operationally to express the simplest meaning and to emphasize the word as used in this study. Academic Performance  - is the measurement of student achievement  across  across

various

academic  subjects.   subjects.

Criminology - Criminology is the study of the law enforcement and criminal justice

system. Criminologist - an expert in the scientific study of crime and criminals.  criminals.   Criminal Justice Education  -  provide the community with professionally competent,

physically fit and morally upright graduates who can deliver efficient and effective services in criminology, law enforcement, crime prevention, crime detection and investigation and industrial security management. Curriculum  - a curriculum is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that

occur in the educational process. Effectiveness  - is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce

desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression. Father Saturnino Urios University (FSUU) - is a Roman Catholic private university run

by the Diocese of Butuan in Butuan City, Philippines. It offers preschool, elementary,  junior & senior senior high high school and college college courses. courses. Graduates  - a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training,

especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate academic degree.  degree. 

 

Intellectual - is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about

society, proposes solutions for its normative problems and gains authority as a public figure.   figure.

Criminology Licensure Examination - is one of the 43 annual board exam ex ams s  conducted

by the Philippine Regulatory Commission ( P R C ). This exam screens aspiring criminologists criminologist s in the country based on the standards written in the Republic Act No. 11131 or the Philippine the Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018.  Institution - a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or

similar purpose.  purpose.  Professional Regulated Commission (P.R.C)  –  otherwise known as the PRC, is a

three-man commission attached to Department of Labor and Employment. Its mandate is to regulate and supervise the practice of the professionals who constitute the highly skilled manpower of the country.   Profession - is an occupation founded upon specialized educational training, traini ng, the purpose

of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, other s, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain.   R.A 6506 - An Act Creatin Creating g the Board of Examiners Examiners for Criminologists Criminologists in the Philippines Philippines

and for Other Purposes.  Student - is primarily a person enrolled in a school a  school or other  educational   educational institution who

attends classes in a course to attain the appropriate level of mastery of a subject under the guidance of an instructor and who devotes time outside class to do whatever activities

 

the instructor assigns that are necessary either for class preparation prepar ation or to submit evidence of progress towards that mastery. Study Habit - are the behaviors used when preparing for tests or learning academic

material. 

Chapter II METHODOLOGY

This Chapter provides an outline of the research methodology used to answer the research questions. The research approach, research design, data gathering procedure, data analysis and limitations of the adopted research method. Research Approach

The research influences design and provides an opportunity to consider benefits and limitations of various approaches available to the researcher  (Crewell 2003). Research Environment, Population and Sample Technique

This research is focused in the correlates of performance rating and Causes of failing by selected people in Father Saturnino Urios University on their Criminology Licensure Exam for the past three years. This research is only limited to the selected

 

criminology licensure exam passers in Father Saturnino Urios University, who once failed by the said examination. The researchers will conduct a study within the School.

Research Design

The research design is the actual structure or framework that indicates (a) the time frame(s) in which data will be collected, (b) when the intervention will be implemented (or not), and (c) how many groups will be involved (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2012).   The researcher will use a quantitative approach and survey use to collect the data. This approach surveys a number of criminology crimino logy board exam passers to gather informatio information n and ideas that could support the research objective. This research design is most common in quantitative approach as it involves gathering data from larger groups or sample. School that have been selected was Father Saturnino Urios University. It was selected because of the location and the researcher’s connection with the schools.  Research Instrument

 

The Researchers used the validated questionnaire for the Respondents. The respondents were given questionnaire, where they are going to put their answers.

Sampling Technique

The sampling technique use in the study is random method were the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the respondents an equal chances of being selected to answer the survey questionnaire. The respondents are the graduates of Father Saturnino Urios University who once failed the Criminology Licensure Examination. A quantity of 5 people, 4 males and 1 female was the sample size of the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers, in order to gather the list of the passers of Licensure Examination Examinati on in every school from year 2016-2018, first, will make a request letter addressed to the Dean of College of Criminology in Father Saturnino Urios University. After getting the results, the researchers will use a validated researcher-made survey questionnaire in gathering the data. Next, they will make a letter of consent to conduct a survey in Father Saturnino Urios University. Upon the approval, they will start gathering the data needed.

 

 After the survey, survey, they will begin to analyz analyze e the gathered data using the theory f or this research. Data Analysis

 All the needed data was tallied, encoded, and interpreted interpreted using the objectives of the study.