296779866 C B S E Class 12 Physics Project on Logic Gates
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296779866 C B S E Class 12 Physics Project on Logic Gates...
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PHYSICS PROJECT ON LOGIC GATE
NAME: SAURAV KUMAR CLASS: XIIth ROLL NO.:
SECTION: 'A1'
03
GUIDED GUIDE D BY: MISS ANUPAMA ANUPAMA KAUSHAL SCHOOL: B.D. PUBLIC SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE PAGE No.-1
THIS IS TO CERTIFY CERTIFY THAT THAT THIS PROJECT IS THE THE BONAFIDE BONAFIDE WORK OF SAURAV KUMAR OF CLASS 12TH 'A1' AND HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED AND IS TAKEN TO BE AN ISSUE CONDUCTED BY BY THE C.B.S.E. IN THE SESSION S ESSION 2015-2016.
• • •
TEACHERS TEACHERS SIGNATURE! SIGNATURE! E"TERNALS SIGNATURE! PRINCIPALS SIGNA SIGN ATURE!
PAGE No.-2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT MERE WORDS WON#T BE ABLE TO E"PRESS MY GRATITUDE AND THANKFULNESS FOR THE $ARIOUS PEOPLE WITHOUT WHOSE IN$OL$EMENT THIS PROJECT COUNLDN#T HA$E BEEN COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY. FIRST OF ALL% I WOULD LIKE TO E"PRESS MY HEARTY GRATITUDE FOR MISS ANUPAMA KAUSHAL% MY PHYSICS TEACHER WITHOU T WHOSE SUPPORT AND GUIDANCE THIS $ERY PROJECT COULDN#T HA$E BEEN POSSIBLE. I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK MR. RAJU% OUR PHYSICS LAB ASSISTANT% WHO WAS ALWAYS THERE TO HELP US OUT OUR PROBLEMS. LASTLY% I WOULD LIKE TO END UP THANKING ALL MY FRIENDS AND MY PARENTS TOO WITHOUT WHOSE CONTRIBUTION THE WORK ENTERED IN THIS FILE WOULDN#T BE A REALITY.
CONTENTS AIM INTRODUCTION THEORY PAGE No.-&
BASIC GATES THE OR GATE THE AND GATE THE NOT GATE THE NOR GATE THE NAND GATE THE XOR GATE THE XNOR GATE BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM TO DESIGN AN APPROPRIATE LOGIC GATE FOR A GIVEN TRUTH TABLE"
PAGE No.-'
INTRODUCTION A ()*+ , +/+ ) ) ,(,*) ,34,* , 7oo o8+ o(,) 3+)*,o,9 :+*++ *+ ,94* ) o4*94* ;o*)(+. I* , ) ,(,*) ,34,* , +,*+3 )o ) ,() *o 9) *3o4( ) *o9% ,* , )+ a gat. T+ o(, ()*+ )3+ :4,,( :o,94* ;o*)(+? ,*o )o*+3 >o4*94* ;o*)(+? )o3,( *o o8+ o(,) *)*+8+* 3+)*,( *+8. A o(, ()*+ 8)= );+ o+ o3 8o3+ ,94*% :4* ,* ) o= o+ o4*94*. T+ 3+)*,o,9 :+*++ *+ 9o,:+ ;)4+ o7 ,94* ) o4*94* ;o*)(+ , +@93++ , *+ 7o38 o7 ) *):+ )+ trth t!"#$ %r t!"#$ %& %(")*!t)%*+. T34* *):+ o7 ) Lo(, G)*+ , ) *):+ *)* o ) *+ ,94* ) o4*94* 9o,:,,*,+ 7o3 *+ o(, ()*+. G$%r,$ B%%#$ )* 1-0 ,;+*+ ) ,+3+* 3+)=?% 4,% o9*,) o3 +;+ 8+),). A= Boo+) )(+:3) o9+3)*,o ) :+ )o,)*+ ,* ,94* ) o4*94* 3+93++* *+ *)*+8+* o7 Boo+) )(+:3). A*o4( *++ ,34,* 8)= :+ o89+@% *+= 8)= ) :+ o*34*+ 73o8 *3++ :), +;,+. W+ );+ *3++ ,+3+* *=9+ o7 o(, ()*+ .T++ )3+ *+ AND ()*+% *+ OR ()*+ ) *+ NOT ()*+. LOGIC STATES 1
0
HIGH
LOW
;
-;
ON
OFF
CLOSE
OPEN
RIGHT
WRONG
TRUE
FALSE
YES
NO PAGE No.-6
BASIC GATES >)? THE OR GATE , ) +;,+ *)* o8:,+ A ,* B *o (,;+ Y ) *+ 3+4*. T+ OR ()*+ ) *o o3 8o3+ ,94* ) o+ o4*94*. T+ o(, ()*+ o7 OR ()*+ ,* A ) B ,94* ) Y o4*94* , o :+o!
I Boo+) )(+:3)% ),*,o =8:o >? , 3+7+33+ ) *+ OR. T+ Boo+) +@93+,o! ABY% ,,)*+ Y +4) A OR B. >:? THE AND GATE , ) +;,+ *)* o8:,+ A ,* B *o (,;+ Y ) *+ 3+4*. T+ AND ()*+ ) *o o3 8o3+ ,94* ) o+ o4*94*. T+ o(, ()*+ o7 AND ()*+ ,* A ) B ,94* ) Y o4*94* , o :+o!
I Boo+) )(+:3)% 84*,9,)*,o ,( >+,*+3 @ o3.? , 3+7+33+ ) *+ AND. T+ Boo+) +@93+,o! A!BY% ,,)*+ Y +4) A AND B. PAGE No.-
>?THE NOT GATE , ) +;,+ *)* ,;+3* *+ ,94*. T+ NOT , ) o+ ,94* ) o+ o4*94*. T+ o(, ()*+ o7 NOT ()*+ ,* A ) Y o4*94* , o :+o!
I Boo+) )(+:3)% :)3 =8:o > ? , 3+7+33+ ) *+ NOT. T+ Boo+) +@93+,o! Y% ,,)*+ Y +4) NOT A.
THE OR GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE OR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion
PAGE No.-
A OR ()*+ ) :+ 3+),+ := *+ ++*3o, ,34,*% 8),.+. ;o*)(+ 5$ , *+ 93++* )+? o33+9o *o +;+ 1. T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*. +)3*.
T+ 7oo,( ,*+37+3++ ) :+ +),= 3) 73o8 *+ o3A0% B0?% ++ Y0. :? I7 S,* A o9+ B o+ *+ >A0% B1? L)89 (o% ++ Y1. ? I7 ,* A o+ B o9+ *+ >A1% B0? L)89 (o% ++ Y1. ? I7 ,* A B )3+ o+ *+ >A1% B1? L)89 (o% ++ Y1.
T"&t! T$()e I94* I94 O4*94* A *B Y 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
PAGE No.-
PAGE No.-10
THE AND GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE AND GATE CIRCUIT!
Components To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?% ) 3+,*)+ R.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion A AND ()*+ ) :+ 3+),+ := *+ ++*3o, ,34,*% 8),.+. ;o*)(+ 5$ , *+ 93++* )+? o33+9o *o +;+ 1. T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*. +)3*.
T+ 7oo,( o4,o ) :+ +),= 3) 73o8 *+ o3A0% B0? *+ )89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. :? I7 S,* A o+ B o9+ >A1% B0? *+ L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. ? I7 ,* A o9+ B o+ >A0% B1? *+ L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. ? I7 ,* A B :o* o+ >A1% B1? *+ L)89 , (o% ++ Y1.
T"&t! T$()e I94* I94* O4*94* A B Y 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
THE NOT GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE NOT GATE CIRCUIT!
Components A ,+) -9- *3),*o3. PAGE No.-12
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion A NOT ()*+ )o* :+ 3+),+ := 4,( ,o+. Ho+;+3 ) ++*3o, ,34,* o7 NOT ()*+ ) :+ 3+),+ := 8),.+. A1?% *+ 489 , o* (o% ++ Y0.
T"&t! T$()e I94* A 0 1
O4*94* Y 1 0 PAGE No.-1&
THE NOR GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE NOR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?% ) ,+) 9- *3),*o3.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion I7 + o+* *+ o4*94* Y o7 OR ()*+ *o *+ ,94* o7 ) NOT ()*+ *+ ()*+ o:*),+ , )+ NOR. T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ )* C .3.*. +)3*.
PAGE No.-1'
I Boo+) +@93+,o% *+ NOR ()*+ , +@93++ ) YAB% ) , :+,( 3+) ) A OR B +()*+. T+ 7oo,( ,*+37+3++ ) :+ +),= 3) 73o8 *+ o3A0% B0? *+ L)89 , (o% ++ Y1. :? I7 S,* A o+ B o9+ >A1% B0? *+ L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. ? I7 S,* A o9+ B o+ >A0% B1? *+ L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. ? I7 ,* A B )3+ o+ *+ >A1% B1? L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0.
T"&t! T$()e I94* A 0 1 0 1
I94* B 0 0 1 1
O4*94* Y 1 0 0 0 PAGE No.-15
THE NAND GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE NAND GATE CIRCUIT!
Components To ,+) 9- 4*,o ,o+ >D1 ) D2?% ) 3+,*)+ R% ) ,+) -9- *3),*o3.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion I7 + o+* *+ o4*94* Y o7 AND ()*+ *o *+ ,94* o7 ) NOT ()*+ *+ ()*+ o:*),+ , )+ NAND. T+ o4*94* Y , ;o*)(+ C .3.*.+)3*.
I Boo+) +@93+,o% *+ NAND ()*+ , +@93++ ) YA.B% ) , :+,( 3+) ) A AND B +()*+. T+ 7oo,( PAGE No.-16
,*+37+3++ ) :+ +),= 3) 73o8 *+ o3A0% B0? *+ L)89 , (o% ++ Y1. :? I7 S,* A o9+ B o+ *+ >A0% B1? L)89 (o% ++ Y1. ? I7 ,* A o+ B o9+ *+ >A1% B0? L)89 (o% ++ Y1. ? I7 ,* A B )3+ o+ *+ >A1% B1? L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0.
T"&t! T$()e I94* I94* A B 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1
O4*94* Y 1 1 1 0
PAGE No.-1
THE "OR GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE EX OR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components To AND ()*+% ) OR ()*+% *o NOT ()*+.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion T+ o9+3)*,o "OR +,.+. ,7 A0 ) B1 o3 ;,+ ;+3)?% *+ o4*94* Y1% ) ,7 :o* )3+ ,+*,)% *+ *+ o4*94* Y0. T, o9+3)*,o , )o )+ +@4,;+ OR ()*+% +,()*+ E"OR.
I Boo+) +@93+,o% *+ E" OR ()*+ , +@93++ ) YA.B A.B T+ 7oo,( ,*+37+3++ ) :+ +),= 3) 73o8 *+ o3A0% B0? *+ )89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. :? I7 S,* A o9+ B o+ *+ >A0% B1? L)89 (o% ++ Y1. ? I7 ,* A o+ B o9+ *+ >A1% B0? L)89 (o% ++ Y1. ? I7 ,* A B )3+ o+ *+ >A1% B1? L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0.
T"&t! T$()e I94* A 0 1 0 1
I94* B 0 0 1 1
O4*94* Y 0 1 1 0
THE "NOR GATE Aim! TO DESIGN AND SIMULATE THE EX NOR GATE CIRCUIT!
Components To AND ()*+% ) OR ()*+% *3++ NOT ()*+.
T!eo"# $n% Const"&'tion PAGE No.-1
T+ o9+3)*,o "NOR +,.+. ,7 A0 ) B1 o3 ;,+ ;+3)?% *+ o4*94* Y0% ) ,7 :o* )3+ ,+*,)% *+ *+ o4*94* Y1. T, o9+3)*,o , )o )+ +@4,;+ NOR ()*+% +,()*+ "NOR. I
Boo+) +@93+,o% *+ "NOR ()*+ , +@93++ ) YA.B A.B T+ 7oo,( ,*+37+3++ ) :+ +),= 3) 73o8 *+ o3A0% B0? *+ L)89 , (o% ++ Y1. :? I7 S,* A o+ B o9+ >A1% B0? *+ L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. ? I7 S,* A o9+ B o+ >A0% B1? *+ L)89 , o* (o% ++ Y0. ? I7 ,* A B :o* o+ >A1% B1? *+ L)89 , (o% ++ Y1.
T"&t! T$()e I94* A 0 1 0 1
I94* B 0 0 1 1
O4*94* Y 1 0 0 PAGE No.-20 1
BIBLIOGRAPHY I o4 ,
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