271614064-Cambridge-Primary-Science-Learners-Book-and-Activity-Book-Samples.pdf

Booklet

CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY

Science Learner’s Book and Activity Book Samples

Our mission We further the mission of the University of Cambridge by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

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Achievement through excellence We at Cambridge University Press International Education are driven by a simple imperative: to work alongside educators and learners to provide individuals with accessible, inspirational inspirational learning resources that lead them to a lifetime l ifetime of achievement. We are proud to share the goldstandard tradition and contemporary contemporary relevance of the University of Cambridge. For us, academic rigour,, innovative thinking and leading edge practices are crucial aspec ts of delivering the rigour excellent, fully rounded education that the 21st-century learner demands. Cambridge University Press is a world-leading international education publisher, publisher, providing educational materials, resources and services to teachers and learners, from ages 3-19, in over 160 countries. We are a not-for-profit organisation and follow the core values of the University of Cambridge, ensuring all of our publishing reflects the Cambridge standards around encouraging encouraging and supporting critical thinking, thinking skills, problem solving and creativity. Through our comprehensive and high-quality print, digital and online resources, we aim to enable thousands of learners worldwide to advance their learning, knowledge and abilities, and to successfully pass their exams and assessment criteria. We work with innovative and aspiring authors with extensive knowledge of the education market and curriculum developments. Our teachers and learners can expect support and customer care from a dedicated specialist global team of representatives and agents. In an ever-changing global educational environment, Cambridge University Press aims to innovate, inspire and lead the way in educational excellence.

education.cambridge.org

A view from the publisher… why we have commissioned Cambridge Primary Scienc Science e  An enquiry  An iry-b -ba ased, languagee-ri ricch appro roa ach to learning with an international focus Methodology and approach Cambridge Primary Science is a flexible series that can be used to support a range of teaching methods in different settings. We do this by offering a variety of ideas for activities to support teaching and learning of each objective in the curriculum framework, from which you can select those most suited to your learners. In keeping with the Cambridge International Examinations curriculum framework, Cambridge Primary Science strongly strongly supports a science curriculum in which enquiry is central. Support for the scientific enquiry learning objectives is embedded across the series, with full guidance for teachers on how to develop the required skills. Throughout, activities are suggested that will help learners to discover and investigate scientific concepts for themselves in an engaging way. Cambridge Primary Science is a truly international series, written for a global audience. Exercises focussing on scientific vocabulary and suggestions for classroom discussion are included throughout the series, thus supporting development of language as well as subject knowledge. Examples from a wide range of international settings are included and alternative activities are suggested in case certain materials are hard to come by in your par t of the world.

Key features In our Learner’s Books, all required learning objectives are covered in an engaging visual layout and suggestions for hands-on activities encourage enquiry-led learning. The ‘Talk about it!’ features stimulates classroom discussion and the ‘Check your progress’ questions present assessment opportunities and help learners prepare for the Progression and Checkpoint Tests. In the Activity Books, additional exercises for each topic may be completed in class or set as homework. The exercises help to consolidate understanding, apply knowledge in new situations and develop scientific enquiry skills. Core vocabulary is developed in a dedicated language activity for each unit in Stages 3 to 6. The Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM offers support for using all three components. The teaching ideas offer flexibility with plenty of ac tivity suggestions, as well as guidance on differentiation, assessment and using resources available online. Additionally, a collection of worksheets supports suggested ac tivities. The resource offers flexible delivery, with all content both in print and – in editable format – on the CD-ROM. We hope you enjoy your sample copy and don’t forget to visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary  to find out more! The International Education team

Introducing… Cambridge Primary Cambridge Primary series In addition to our market-leading titles for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge IGCSE® and Cambridge International AS and A Level, we will be publishing an exciting new series for the Cambridge Primary curriculum frameworks developed by Cambridge International Examinations for Stages 1-6 and for the Cambridge Primary English as a Second Language (ESL) curriculum framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment. This will complete the learners’ journey with Cambridge materials from Primary to Pre-University. We are working with Cambridge International Examinations towards endorsement of the brand new suite of products for English, Mathematics and Science. Cambridge Global English will not go through the Cambridge endorsement process as it follows the curriculum framework developed by Cambridge English Language Assessment.

About the Cambridge Primary Curriculum Cambridge Primary, typically for 5–11 year olds, gives schools a curriculum framework to develop skills, knowledge and understanding in younger learners. Cambridge Primary provides guidance for curriculum development and classroom teaching and learning. It enables teachers to assess children’s learning as they progress with Cambridge Primary Progression Tests. [Cambridge English Language Assessment tests for learners at the Cambridge Primary stage are: Cambridge English Starters, Movers and Flyers and Key English Test (KET) for schools].

About Cambridge Primary Science Cambridge Primary Science fully covers the Cambridge Primary Science curriculum framework. The course offers plenty of teaching ideas to give flexibility, allowing teachers to select activities most appropriate to their classroom and learners. An enquiry-based style of teaching and learning is stimulated, with the scientific enquiry objectives integrated throughout to encourage learning of these skills alongside the scientific concepts. The language level is carefully pitched to be accessible to EAL/ESL learners, with concepts illustrated through diagrams to allow visual understanding and learning. There is dedicated support for practising scientific language and vocabulary. Comprehensive teaching support helps teachers to bring all elements of the course together in the classroom. ®IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations.

What is in your free sample? Included you will find a representative sample chapter for two stages of: • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book

There is another sample booklet available titled Science Booklet 2 which has within it sample chapters for two stages of: • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book

To see samples of all stages as they become available simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary

What is in the complete series? Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Books • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 1 - 9781107611382 • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 2 - 9781107611399 • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 3 - 9781107611412 • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 4 - 9781107674509 • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 5 - 9781107663046 • Cambridge Primary Science Learner’s Book 6 - 9781107699809

Activity Books • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 1 - 9781107611429 • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 2 - 9781107611436 • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 3 - 9781107611450 • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 4 - 9781107656659 • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 5 - 9781107658974 • Cambridge Primary Science Activity Book 6 - 9781107643758

Teacher’s Resource Books • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 1 - 9781107611467 • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 2 - 9781107611481 • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 3 - 9781107611504 • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 4 - 9781107661516 • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 5 - 9781107676732 • Cambridge Primary Science Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 6 - 9781107662025

How do I order, find out more and register my interest? Simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary for more information on the series, extended sample material and to pre-order your copies!

Also available for Cambridge Primary… Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Books • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 1 - 9781107631311 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 2 - 9781107615823 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 3 - 9781107667679 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 4 - 9781107662698 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 5 - 9781107638228 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner’s Book 6 - 9781107618596

Games Books • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 1 - 9781107646407 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 2 - 9781107623491 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 3 - 9781107694019 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 4 - 9781107685420 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 5 - 9781107614741 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Games Book with CD-ROM 6 -9781107667815

Teacher’s Resource Books • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 1 - 9781107656833 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 2 - 9781107640733 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 3 - 9781107668898 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 4 - 9781107692947 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 5 - 9781107658547 • Cambridge Primary Mathematics Teacher’s Resource Book with CD-ROM 6 - 9781107694361

We also have a comprehensive range of materials for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge IGCSE ®, Cambridge O Level and Cambridge International AS and A Level. Simply visit education.cambridge.org for more information on all these series.

How do I order, find out more and register my interest? Simply visit education.cambridge.org/cambridgeprimary for more information on the series, extended sample material and to pre-order your copies!

Also available for Cambridge Primary… Cambridge Global English* Learner’s Books • Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 1 - 9781107676091 • Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 2 - 9781107613805 • Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 3 - 9781107613843 • Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 4 - 9781107613638 • Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 5 - 9781107619814 • Cambridge Global English Learner’s Book with Audio CD 6 - 9781107621251

Activity Books • Cambridge Global English Activity Book 1 - 9781107655133 • Cambridge Global English Activity Book 2 - 9781107613812 • Cambridge Global English Activity Book 3 - 9781107613836 • Cambridge Global English Activity Book 4 - 9781107613614 • Cambridge Global English Activity Book 5 - 9781107621237 • Cambridge Global English Activity Book 6 - 9781107626867

Teacher’s Resource Books • Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 1 - 9781107642263 • Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 2 - 9781107664968 • Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 3 - 9781107656741 • Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 4 - 9781107690745 • Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 5 - 9781107646124 • Cambridge Global English Teacher’s Resource Book 6 - 9781107635814 *Cambridge Global English has not been through the Cambridge endorsement process.

We also have a comprehensive range of materials for Cambridge Checkpoint, Cambridge IGCSE ®, Cambridge O Level and Cambridge International AS and A Level. Simply visit education.cambridge.org for more information on all these series.

CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY

Science

Learner’s Book

Unit

Being alive

Jon Board Alan Cross

1

Being alive

1.1 Animals and plants alive! Words to learn living animal

plant alive

non-living

look

Can you see a living plant? Can you see a living animal? Can you see things that have never been alive? The Sun is hot but it is not alive. It is a non-living thing. 6

1 Being alive

Activity 1.1

 You will need:

a clipboard • a digital camera

What living things can we find?

Go outside to look at living things. Photograph or draw those you find. Look for the largest living thing you can see. Look for the smallest living thing you can find. Try to fi nd six living things. Talk about the photos below with your friends. Which photos show things that are alive? Which photos show things that are non-living? How do you know which things are alive?

What you have learnt  Some things are alive.  Some things have never been alive. 1 Being alive

7

1.2 Local environments Each living thing needs a place to live and lives in a local environment.

Words to learn environment farm pet compare

Look at each animal. Look at each plant. Where does it live? Why does it live there? Animals can be found in natural environments. They can also be found on a farm, in a zoo and in homes as a pet. 8

1 Being alive

Activity 1.2a

 You will need:

a clipboard • a digital

Where do plants grow?

camera

Think about where you will find plants growing outside. Go outside and look at the plants. Where do they grow? Why do they grow where they do? Compare how many plants you find in different environments.

Activity 1.2b Birds come to school

Have you seen birds at school? Where do you see them? Can we make the environment better for them? How could we make a feeding table? Make a drawing to show how you could help the birds.

W hat you have learnt Each living thing lives in a local environment.  The local environment gives them a home, food and water. 1 Being alive

9

1.3 Animal babies Look at the little bear cub.

How many baby animals can you see? Can you see the baby elephant calf ? Are all the babies like their parents?

10

1 Being alive

Words to learn baby human

calf young

All animals make babies. The babies grow up into adults. A human mother usually has just one baby. Why? Some animals have lots of babies. Birds and rabbits can have eight or nine young.

Activity 1.3  You will need:

Make a nursery for a baby animal

Make a model nursery for a baby animal.

modelling material or a construction kit • cardboard scissors • glue • sticky tape

Make sure you include food, water and a home.

W hat you have learnt Humans and other animals have babies.  Young animals grow into adults. 1 Being alive

11

1.4 Healthy food and drink Do you want to grow up healthy and strong? Eat lots of healthy food like fruit and vegetables. Also drink lots of water.

Which lunch bag is healthier? 12

1 Being alive

Words to learn healthy

food

fat salt

sugar

Activity 1.4

 You will need:

pictures of food

My healthy plate

Draw your own plate of food for today. Draw, or stick on, pictures of  these foods.

What have I eaten today?

Compare your plate with a plate of healthy food.

Fruit and vegetables come from plants. They are full of good things  for your body. They do not have too much fat, sugar and salt. Too much of  these things is not healthy.

W hat you have learnt Some foods and drinks are healthy.  Foods and drinks with too much fat, sugar and salt are not healthy.  Drinking lots of water is healthy. 1 Being alive

13

1.5 Check your progress 1

Matt, the librarian, is in a muddle. He has dropped some books.

Which books go on each shelf? 2

Here are two local environments.

Which animals live in each environment?

14

meerkat

duck

frog

newt

snake

scorpion

dragonfly

camel

1 Being alive

3

Can you match each adult animal with its young?

4

Which of these foods are healthy foods?

1 Being alive

15

CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY

Science

Activity Book

Unit Being alive

Jon Board Alan Cross

1

Being alive

Exercise 1.1

Animals and plants alive!

In this exercise, you will think about things that are alive and things that have never been alive. Gizela takes care of the animals and plants in her shop.

Say how you think she cares for the animals and plants. Colour in all the things that are alive. 8

1 Being alive

Exercise 1.2

Local environments

In this exercise, you will look at where different animals live. Draw a line from each animal to its local environment. The fi rst one has been done for you.

goat

river

duck

tree

crab

seashore

bird

fi eld

1 Being alive

9

Exercise 1.3

Animal babies

In this exercise, you will learn by looking at pictures. We drew around Sheena’s foot every month. Is she growing?

1-month-old

2-months-old

3-months-old

4-months-old

1

What do these footprints show?

2

Draw in a footprint for when Sheena is 4-months-old.

3

Will Sheena need smaller or bigger shoes when she is 4-months-old?

4

How could you find out about the way Sheena’s hands are growing?

10

1 Being alive

Exercise 1.4

Healthy food and drink

This exercise will help you to understand about healthy foods. Uba wants to eat healthy foods. Circle the healthy foods for Uba.

Can you add your own ideas for healthy foods? Draw pictures to show your ideas.

1 Being alive

11

CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY

Science Learner’s Book

3 Unit 6 Forces and movement

Jon Board Alan Cross

6

Forces and movement

6.1 Push and pull Every day you push  and pull  many things. Push and pull are examples of a force .

Words to push force get faster direction

Six children divide into two teams to have a tug of war. How are the children using pushing forces and pulling  forces? What could they do so that they don’t get hurt? Each team pulls hard. They pull with their hands.

Each team pushes with their feet.

Forces can start and stop things moving. They can also make things get faster , slow down  or change direction . A ‘great tug of war’ that involves thousands of people is held in Naha, Okinawa, Japan. It uses two ropes made of rice straw. Each rope is 2 m in diameter and over 300 m long.

58

6 Forces and movement

learn pull start slow down

Activity 6.1 Forces start and stop things moving

 You will need:

a ball  some water in a bowl a balloon  a chair  a pencil •

•

•

Work with a partner and find ways to start each of your objects moving. See if you can feel the push or pull you are using. Now find ways to stop each of the objects from moving. See if you can feel the force you are using this time. Finally, find ways to change the direction in which each object moves.

Challenge How could you investigate how the size of the push or pull you give to a ball affects how far it moves?

Questions 1 Make a list of forces you have used so far today. 2 List five things you move with a pulling force.  3 Name a game in which you change the direction of a ball.

Magnets can be used to pick up magnetic objects.

Talk about it!

W hat you have learnt

What have magnets got to do with forces?

 Push and pull are examples of a force. We can use forces to start things moving, stop things moving and change their direction. 6 Forces and movement

59

6.2 Changing shape Forces can change the shape of things.

Words to learn observe effect

This potter is using a force to create a clay pot.

A baker uses a force when making bread. This carpenter is using a force to carve the wood.

Activity 6.2a  You will need:

Investigating forces

Drop a ball of clay from a height of 5 cm. Observe  what happens to the ball of clay. Write down your observations or draw what the clay looks like. Shape the clay into a ball again. Drop the ball  from a height of 10cm. What is the effect on the ball of clay? Drop the ball of clay from three more different heights. Use ideas about forces to explain the pattern. 60

6 Forces and movement

a ball of clay  ruler •

Activity 6.2b

 You will need:

a small, heavy ball  different objects a paper tube •

Dropping a ball onto objects

Try using your hands to change the shape of the objects in front of you. Which were easy to change? Use a wide, tall paper tube to drop a heavy ball onto the objects. First, predict what will happen to each material. Use a table like this. Object

Prediction

Result

biscuit

break

broke into 5 pieces

clay raw vegetable  cooked vegetable stone  Plan and carry out this test. How will you make it a fair test? Record the results.

Questions 1 Do all materials change shape when they are pulled or pushed by hand? 2 List some workers who have to change the shape of materials. Talk about it!

W hat you have learnt Forces can change the shape of things.

How do forces in nature change the shape of the land?

6 Forces and movement

61

6.3 How big is that force? There are small forces and big forces. 1

2

3

Omar pulls his toys with elastic. He is pulling with more force on some toys. How can you tell that this is the case? What toy do you think needs the biggest force?

It takes a bigger force to pull this vehicle.

This girl is using a small force to pull on the empty sledge.

A volcano has so much force it can blast large rocks high in the air.

62

6 Forces and movement

Activity 6.3

 You will need:

a balloon  objects to push against •

Investigating how much force

Push against different objects with a balloon until they move. The bigger the force you need to move the object, the more squashed the balloon will be. Choose five objects to push against. Record your results. Say whether you used a very small force, a medium  force or a large force.

Questions 1 Put these in order from the biggest force to the smallest  force: a horse pulling a cart • a girl lifting a book • a train pulling wagons • a bird picking up a leaf. • 2 Saida stretches an elastic band. Is this a pulling force or a pushing force?

All sorts of large things can be moved with a large force.

Talk about it!

W hat you have learnt

How could you measure the size of a force?

 There are different sizes of force.

6 Forces and movement

63

6.4  Forcemeters If you push on a door with foam you can see the size of the push.

Words to learn forcemeter newton

Aleksy and Peng both push on a piece of foam. We can see how hard they push.

A forcemeter is a piece of equipment that measures the size of a force. Forcemeters measure the size of pulls.

The unit of force is the newton (N). The unit is named after the famous scientist Isaac Newton, who did a lot of work on forces. Forcemeters measure the size of pulls. Sir Isaac Newton

64

6 Forces and movement

 You will need:

Activity 6.4

a forcemeter

Measuring forces

Use a forcemeter to measure different pulling forces around your school. Before you measure, predict which object will need the biggest force to pull it. Record the sizes of the forces in a table. Draw a bar chart to show the results. Compare your predictions with what you found out. A cycle helmet must be strong enough to protect the cyclist if their head gets hurt by a force.

Tennis players use forces of different sizes to control the ball.

The forces in the ropes will be different for different climbers.

Questions 1 What is the unit of measurement of force: a a newton b a forcemeter c a pull? 2 Why is it important for equipment  for sport to be strong?

W hat you have learnt There is simple equipment which we can use to measure forces.

The wind creates a force on the sail which moves the boat through the water.

Talk about it! What could you use to measure pushing forces?

The unit of measurement of force is the newton. 6 Forces and movement

65

6.5  Friction Friction is

a force that acts when two surfaces rub together. Some materials cause more friction than others.

Words to learn friction grip smooth rough

Rub your hands together. Feel them rubbing and getting warm.

You can go very fast down a slide. There will be friction between your clothes and the surface of the slide.

When hands are rubbed together friction acts between them.

Friction can start and stop things moving. You need the friction between the floor and your shoes to help you start walking.

There is friction between the bottom of your shoes and the fl oor which helps your shoes to grip  the fl oor surface. This stops you from sliding.

Ice is slippery. There is little friction between the puck and the ice and so the puck slides easily when it is hit by the player’s stick.

If you roll something across a surface,  friction will cause it to slow down. It will stop at some point. Friction also help things to change direction. 66

6 Forces and movement

The friction between the ball and the bat helps the ball to change direction.

 You will need:

Activity 6.5

a small trolley  a forcemeter  different types of surface •

•

Forces and friction

You can use a forcemeter to fi nd out about friction. If there is more  friction, you will need a bigger force to make something move. Plan an investigation. You will pull a trolley across different surfaces with a forcemeter. Predict which surface will produce the most  friction. Try using a very smooth surface and a rough  surface. How will you measure this? How will you record your results? When you have done the test, decide what your conclusion is. If you have time, test other surfaces.

Questions 1 When does friction act? 2 Faye loves her garden slide. She finds that when she wears cotton clothes she goes faster than when she wears woollen clothes. Explain why.

Talk about it!

W hat you have learnt Friction acts when two surfaces rub together.

Why are some shoes  safer to wear on ice  than others?

The size of the friction force depends on the two surfaces which are rubbing together. 6 Forces and movement

67

6

Check your progress 1

Here is a ball bouncing toward Kamili. a How can she stop it? b How can she change

the ball’s direction?

2

Which forcemeter is measuring the greatest force?

A

68

6 Forces and movement

B

C

3

Alex tested the force needed to pull his skateboard over different surfaces. Here are the results.

5

   )    N    (   s   n   o    t   w   e   n   n    i   e   c   r   o    F

4 3 2 1 0 wood

grass

stone

Type of surface

a Which surface was the hardest to pull the skateboard on? b Which surface was the easiest to pull the skateboard on? 4

Which surface creates the most friction with a skateboard: •

wood

•

grass

•

stone?

Explain your answer.

6 Forces and movement

69

CAMBRIDGE PRIMARY

Science Activity Book

3 Unit 6 Forces and movement

Jon Board Alan Cross

6

Forces and movement Exercise 6.1

Push and pull

In this exercise, you will think about things that are pushed and pulled. The pictures are to help you, but do add your own ideas. Draw or write them in the boxes below.

Things I push

Things I pull

6 Forces and movement

33

Exercise 6.2

Changing shape

In this exercise, you will think about how the shape of objects and materials can be changed using forces. Draw the object and say how you would change its shape. Object

wood

sandcastle

elastic band

34

6 Forces and movement

What type of force could I use to change the shape?

Exercise 6.3

Small force or big force?

In this exercise, you will sort pictures into those that show a big force and those that show a small force.

Draw a line from each picture to the correct box.

small force

big force 6 Forces and movement

35

Exercise 6.4

How much force?

In this exercise, match each object to the size of force needed to make it start to move. The first one has been done for you. brick

10 newtons

book

5 newtons

box of paper

shoe

car

heavy door

Explain your choices to the class. 36

6 Forces and movement

25 newtons

1 newton

20 newtons

10 000 newtons

Exercise 6.5 Friction In this exercise, you will think about where friction is acting. Look at the pictures. Draw an arrow to show where friction is acting.

6 Forces and movement

37