234836576 Introduction to PAUT

What is Phased Array 

Phased Array Ultrasonic Inspection is the computer controlled triggering of individual element in a multi element probe. The PA probe consists of many small ultrasonic elements, each of which can be pulsed independently.

In conventional UT, a single piezoelectric element converts an electrical signal into a mechanical vibration.

What is Phased Array   

A Phased Array probe is a long conventional probe cut into many small elements, which are individually excited. All elements can be triggered individualy Full coverage from a calculated distance.

What is Phased Array 

It is like having many small conventional UT probes integrated inside a single probe.

128 elements !

How Does Phased Array Work? 

 

Ultrasonic phased arrays consist of a series of individual elements, each with its own connector, time delay circuit. Elements are acoustically insulated from each other. Elements are pulsed in groups with precalculated time delays for each element (i.e., “phasing”).

How Does Phased Array Work?

By Applying Delay we can achieve   

Beam Steering Beam Focusing Beam Steering + Focusing

How Does Phased Array Work? Beam Steering  

Provides the capability to modify the refracted angle of the beam generated by the array probe. Allows for multiple angle inspections, using a single Phased Array probe. Conventional UT (simulating the refracted angle by applying delay) (angle beam probe)

How Does Phased Array Work? Beam Focusing  

Provides the capability to converge the acoustic energy onto a small focal spot. Allows for focusing at several depths, using a single probe.

How Does Phased Array Work? Beam Steering + Focusing 

By combining both steering and focusing focal laws (delay applied to each element is in green), the focal point can be angled.

How Does Phased Array Work? 

Using a single group of elements, on the same probe, different beam configurations can be performed: No time delay

Steering

Focusing

Steering + focusing

Phased Array Scanning Type Linear Electronic Scan



The movement of the acoustic beam is along the axis of the array, without any mechanical movement.

10

Phased Array Scanning Type Sectorial Scan





The ability to scan a complete sector of volume without any probe movement. Useful for inspection of complex geometries, or geometries with space restrictions. 11

       

Faster Inspection. Reliable. Advantages of Phased Array Improved inspection capabilities through software control of beam characteristics Technique sheet development based on job configuration. Inspection with multiple angles with single, electronically controlled probe No Radiation Hazard. Permanent record of scanning data. Software generated report with indication details.

12

Phased Array Data Views



A Scan



B Scan



C Scan



S Scan

13



Phased Array Data Views

A display in which the received pulse amplitude is represented as a displacement along one axis (usually the y-axis) and the travel time of the ultrasonic pulse is represented as a displacement along the other axis (usually the xaxis)

Amplitude Axis

A Scan

Sound Travel Time Axis

14

B Scan 

Phased Array Data Views

The B-scan presentations is a profile (cross-sectional) view of the test specimen

Depth Axis

Depth Axis

`

Scan Axis

15

Scan Axis

C Scan

A two dimensional presentation of data displayed as a top or planar view of a test piece.

Scan Axis



Phased Array Data Views

PA Probe

Ultrasound Axis

16

S Scan 

Phased Array Data Views

Sectorial scan view is unique to phased array equipment. In a linear scan, all focal laws employed a fixed angle with sequencing apertures. Sectorial scans, on the other hand, use fixed apertures and steer through a sequence of angles. Ultrasound Axis

17



Phased Array Probes Element arrangement of Phased Array probes



1D Linear- This is the most commonly used array plan in both straight beam and angle beam inspections. Easily manufactured and mounted on wedges, focuses in one axis at different depths and angles.



2D Square- Steering capability in dimensions, spherical or single-axis focus.



1.5D Square- Excellent steering capability, focuses in one axis at different depths and angles



1D Annulardepths



2D Annular- Elliptical or spherical beam with steering capability at different depths and angles.



1D Circular- Elliptical or spherical beam with steering capability at different depths, typically used for curved targets

three

Spherical focusing at different

18



Scanning Scanning will be carried out with the help of suitable Probes, Scanner & Inspection unit.

Weld Inspection by using Omniscan MX2 & HSMT Compact Scanner

Thin wall tube inspection by using Omniscan MX & Cobra Scanner

Corrosion mapping using Omniscan MX2 & Glider Scanner 19



Scanned data will beAnalysis analyzed by PC based software

The images mentioned above are captured from Tomoview software. TomoView is a PC-based software developed by Olympus used for design, data acquisition, and analysis of ultrasonic signals.

20



Software generatedReporting report with indication details

21

Phased Array Equipment

Omniscan MX2 Manufacturer- Olympus, Canada

Phasor XS Manufacturer- GE, USA

Isonic Manufacturer- Sonotron NDT, Israel

TOPAZ Manufacturer- ZETEC, China 22

SUPOR Manufacturer- SIUI, China

TD FOCUS SCAN Manufacturer- Technology Design, UK

Scanners  Can be operated from 6” OD to flat surface.    

Automatic movement. Laser guide to maintain proper index. Can hold maximum 6 probes at a time. Strong Magnetic wheels.

WeldRover Manufacturer- Olympus, Canada

   

HSMT Manufacturer- Olympus, Canada

Can be operated from 4.5” OD to flat surface. Manual movement. Can hold maximum 8 probes at a time. Magnetic wheels.

 Can be operated from 0.84” OD to 4.5” OD Scanners

Cobra Scanner Manufacturer- Olympus, Canada

 Manual movement.  Can hold maximum 2 probes at a time.  Spring loaded design to hold onto carbon steel and stainless steel pipes  Can be configured to make one-sided inspections with only one probe.  Clearance -12mm

   

Magman Manufacturer- Phoenix, UK

Can be operated from 1.5” OD to flat surface. Manual movement. Can hold maximum 12 probes at a time. Magnetic wheels.

 Can be operated from 0.5” OD to 4” OD Scanners

 Manual movement.  Can hold maximum 2 probes at a time.  Designed to hold onto carbon steel and stainless steel pipes  Can be configured to make one-sided inspections with only one probe.  Clearance -13mm

Bracelet Manufacturer- Phoenix, UK