21st Century Literature Midtem Exams

21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 GENERAL REMINDERS: This is only a guide. This should not be a “primary resource” on reviewing your lessons. It is still better to study using your books, notes in your notebook, seat works you had taken, quizzes you had taken, PowerPoint presentations uploaded by the teachers (if any), videos presented in class (if any), personal researches for deeper understanding on the topic, and experiences (if applicable). Please do not depend too much on this reviewer. You are free to omit review questions according to your preferences, skills, and will. Do not blame the reviewer nor its creator if you failed on your exams. Good luck in your examinations! May the odds ever be in your favor. Another reminder, the contents of this reviewer are not the exams!

REMINDERS!

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Date and Time of Examination: ________________________________________

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Scope of the Examination:  Importance of Studying Literature  Literary Types and Forms  Critical Approaches in Studying Literature by Roger Don SJ. Cerda  The Seven Literary Standards  The Elements of a Short Story  The Elements of Drama  The Elements of Poetry  Connotation  Preludes by Daryll Delgado (Fiction)  Justice by Ralph Semino Galán (Poetry)  Cronulla Beach by Jose Wendell Capili (Poetry)  Virtual Center by Raissa Claire U. Rivera (Fiction)

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21st Century Literature

Midterms Examination Reviewer

Academic Year 2016-2017

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A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer. If the answer cannot be found on the choices, write X. 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason why we should study literature? A. Links us with the world of which we are a part. B. Literature enables us to transcend our immediate time, place, and culture and to make connections with other human beings. Literature helps us grow both personally and intellectually. C. Literature D. Literature encourages us to develop mature empathy with all forms of life—human, animal, and plant. E. Literature sharpens our sense of moral judgement. F. Literature stimulates our imagination and ingenuity. G. Literature shows the significance of irony, paradox, oxymoron, and ambivalence. H. Literature allows us to see the world in different vantage points. I. Literature relives history. J. Literature reminds us that we are human beings. 2. Which of the four genres of literature “presents a story that is invented and not literally ‘true.’ It is written to be read rather than to be acted or performed, and the events depicted are told to us by a narrator, not enacted or dramatized.”? A. Prose Fiction B. Poetry C. Drama D. Non-fiction Prose 3. Which of the four genres of literature is “a piece of art written by a poet in meter or verse expressing various emotions which are expressed by the use of variety of techniques including metaphors, similes, and onomatopoeia. The emphasis is the use of aesthetics of language and the use of techniques such as repetition, meter and rhyme. It heavily uses imagery and word association to quickly convey emotions.”? A. Prose Fiction B. Poetry C. Drama D. Non-fiction Prose 4. Which of the four genres of literature is “a story acted out, It shows people doing through some eventful period in their lives, seriously or humorously. The speech and action of a play recreate the flow of a human life, which comes fully to life only on the stage.”? A. Prose Fiction B. Poetry C. Drama D. Non-fiction Prose 5. Which of the four genres of literature “presents factual information or expresses a viewpoint.”? A. Prose Fiction B. Poetry C. Drama D. Non-fiction Prose 6. Which are the most commonly encountered prose fiction? A. Fairy Tale and Novella B. Novel and Short Story C. Parable and Fable D. Myth and Legend 7. Which is often known to be a story of origins, how the world and everything in it came to be? A. Novel B. Myth C. Parable D. Fairy Tale 8. Which is known to be unverified story handed down from earlier times from generation to generation, especially one popularly believed to be historical? A. Novella B. Fable C. Short Story D. Legend 9. Which is known to be a simple story illustrating a moral or religious story? A. Novel

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 B. Myth C. Parable D. Fairy Tale 10. Which is usually known to be short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like humans? A. Novella B. Fable C. Short Story D. Legend 11. Which of the following we can meet witches and queens, giants and elves, princes, dragons, talking animals, ogres, princesses, and sometimes even fairies? A. Novel B. Myth C. Parable D. Fairy Tale 12. What is known to be a piece of prose fiction marked by a relative shortness and density, organized into a plot and some kind of denouement at the end? A. Novella B. Fable C. Short Story D. Legend 13. What is usually known to focus on one important event in the lives of a small number of central characters? A. Novella B. Fable C. Short Story D. Legend 14. Which is known to be a fictional prose narrative of considerable length, typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions, speech, and thoughts of numerous characters placed in a number of different situations? A. Novel B. Myth C. Parable D. Fairy Tale 15. Which is known to be a fictional prose narrative that is no longer that a short story, but shorter than a novel? A. Novella B. Fable C. Short Story D. Legend 16. It is a type of poetry that is comparatively short, non-narrative poem in which a single speaker presents a state of mind or an emotional state. It retains some of the elements of song which is said to be its origin. A. Lyric Poetry B. Fictional Poetry C. Dramatic Poetry D. Narrative Poetry 17. It is a type of poetry that gives a verbal representation, in verse, of a sequence of connected events. It propels characters through a plot. It is always told by a narrator. It may tell a love story, the story of father and son, or the deeds of a hero or heroine. A. Lyric Poetry B. Fictional Poetry C. Dramatic Poetry D. Narrative Poetry 18. It is a type of poem that tells a story, but the poet lets one or more of the story’s characters act out the story. A. Lyric Poetry B. Fictional Poetry C. Dramatic Poetry D. Narrative Poetry 19. What is known to be a musical work, an abstract entity that serves as an umbrella for many versions or renditions which is meant to be sung? A. Ode Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 B. Elegy C. Sonnet D. Song 20. What is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter? A. Ode B. Elegy C. Sonnet D. Song 21. What is known to be meditative poem lamenting the death of a public personage or a friend or loved one; be extension, any reflective lyric on the broader theme of human morality? A. Ode B. Elegy C. Sonnet D. Song 22. It is a long lyrics poem with a serious subject written in an elevated style and formal stanzaic structure. A. Ode B. Elegy C. Sonnet D. Song 23. It is a song, originally transmitted orally, which tells a story. It is an important form of folk poetry which was adapted for literally uses from the sixteenth century onwards. It is usually a four-stanza, alternating tetrameter and trimester. A. Ballad B. Epic C. Soliloquy D. Metrical Romance E. Dramatic Monologue 24. It is a poem which tells a story that ends happily, whether love is involved or not. It represents a chivalric theme or relates improbable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted setting. A. Ballad B. Epic C. Soliloquy D. Metrical Romance E. Dramatic Monologue 25. It is an extended narrative poem that operates in a large scale, both in length and topic. It uses an elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary hero with the intervention of supernatural beings. A. Ballad B. Epic C. Soliloquy D. Metrical Romance E. Dramatic Monologue 26. It is written to reveal both the situation at hand and the character himself. A. Ballad B. Epic C. Soliloquy D. Metrical Romance E. Dramatic Monologue 27. It is a long speech in which a character who is alone on a stage expresses his or her private thoughts or feelings. It is intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections. A. Ballad B. Epic C. Soliloquy D. Metrical Romance E. Dramatic Monologue 28. Refers to the drama in which a heroic protagonist meets an unhappy or calamitous end, brought about by some of the fatal flow of character, by circumstances outside his or her control, or simply by destiny. A. Melodrama B. Comedy C. Tragicomedy Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 D. Tragedy 29. It depicts humorous incidents in which the protagonists are faced with moderate difficulties but overcome them and the play ends happily. A. Melodrama B. Comedy C. Tragicomedy D. Tragedy 30. Refers to fictional works that blend aspects of the genre of tragedy and comedy. A. Melodrama B. Comedy C. Tragicomedy D. Tragedy 31. Music is used to increase the spectator’s emotional response or to suggest character types. A. Melodrama B. Comedy C. Tragicomedy D. Tragedy 32. It generally ridicules human folly and associated political, social or moral problems. A. Farce B. Satirical Comedy C. Black Comedy D. The Comedy of Manners E. Romantic Comedy 33. It depicts the romantic intrigues of a sophisticated upper class, including witty repartee and humorous social blundering. A. Farce B. Satirical Comedy C. Black Comedy D. The Comedy of Manners E. Romantic Comedy 34. It involves idealized romantic love, as in romance. A. Farce B. Satirical Comedy C. Black Comedy D. The Comedy of Manners E. Romantic Comedy 35. It induces laughter as a kind of defense mechanism when a situation, dispassionately considered, would be simply horrifying. A. Farce B. Satirical Comedy C. Black Comedy D. The Comedy of Manners E. Romantic Comedy 36. It depends upon ridiculous situations, exaggerated character types, coarse humor, and horseplay for its comic effects. A. Farce B. Satirical Comedy C. Black Comedy D. The Comedy of Manners E. Romantic Comedy 37. It is a biography written by the person himself or herself. A. Essay B. Autobiography C. Editorial D. Magazine 38. It is a personal account of a person’s life written by another person. A. Character Sketch B. Diary C. Journal Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 D. Biography 39. It is an abbreviated portrayal of a particular characteristic of people. A. Character Sketch B. Diary C. Journal D. Biography 40. It is a daily record of events in a person’s life. (Choose two answers) A. Character Sketch B. Diary C. Journal D. Biography 41. It is a statement or an article by a news organization, newspaper, or magazine that expresses the opinion of the editor, editorial board, or publisher. A. Essay B. Autobiography C. Editorial D. Magazine 42. It is a brief work of nonfiction that offers an opinion on a subject. A. Essay B. Autobiography C. Editorial D. Magazine 43. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of essay? A. To express ideas or feelings B. To persuade C. To entertain D. To analyze E. To inform 44. Which of the following is not a critical approach in studying literature by Roger Don SJ. Cerda? A. Reader-Response Approach B. Marxism C. Feminism D. Queer Theory E. Formalism F. Historical-Biographical Approach G. Deconstruction H. Moral/Intellectual Approach I. Mythological Criticism 45. It is a critical approach that establishes the interaction between the reader and the piece of literature. It recognizes reader’s dynamism, that is, each reader carries with him his attitude, intelligence, schema, and experience to make sense of the text without making reference to author’s life history and the text’s historical and cultural circumstances. It embraces the idea that each text is an organic unity, meaning the text itself has meaning independent from its creator. A. Reader-Response Approach B. Formalism C. Queer Theory D. Historical-Biographical Approach 46. It is a critical approach that focuses on class conflicts as well as class distinctions by emphasizing social, economic, and political inequalities as exemplified by the characters in a literary work. It establishes the tension between the privileged and the deprived, the superior and the inferior, the strong and the influential, and the weak and the insignificant. It also magnifies “structural violence” affects people in their quest for social justice and equality. A. Feminism B. Deconstruction C. Moral/Intellectual Approach D. Marxism 47. It is a critical approach that examines the subjugation of women in the society and how they were personified in literature whether independent or dependent, superior or inferior, strong or weak, liberated or conservative, assertive or submissive, uncompromising or accommodating, expressive or timid. It defies the stereotyped Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 representation of women grounded on the idea or notion that they are only secondary to men in terms of their economic, social, and political roles. A. Feminism B. Deconstruction C. Moral/Intellectual Approach D. Marxism 48. It is a critical approach that scrutinizes, problematizes, and criticizes the role of gender in literature. It confronts the concept of normative sexualities as types of social structures and social conflicts which delineate our ideas about sexuality as an identity where a man is expected to be attracted to a woman and vice versa. It advocates recognition on both homosexuals and lesbians as sexual preferences or identities not deviant to what we consider as normal and natural. A. Reader-Response Approach B. Formalism C. Queer Theory D. Historical-Biographical Approach 49. It is a critical approach that focuses on the inherent feature of the text. These features encompass the literary elements and devices such as plot, character, setting, point of view, and conflict, as well as how they work together to support the theme and to form organic unity. It reduces the importance of a text’s historical, biographical, and cultural contexts as supposed to Historical-Biographical Approach. It capitalizes on form rather than content. A. Reader-Response Approach B. Formalism C. Queer Theory D. Historical-Biographical Approach 50. It is a critical approach that embraces the idea that text and author are inseparable, thus, in order to make sense of the text, the reader must dig the author’s life history to know what compelled him from writing the text. It also enables the reader to have greater knowledge from which to draw conclusion by understanding the way of life on a certain time period. A. Reader-Response Approach B. Formalism C. Queer Theory D. Historical-Biographical Approach 51. It is a critical approach that strives to exhibit that any text is not a disconnected whole but contains numerous conflicting meaning; that any text therefore has more than one interpretation; that any text itself links these interpretations inextricably; that the incongruity of these interpretations is irreducible; thus, an interpretative reading cannot go beyond a certain point. A. Feminism B. Deconstruction C. Moral/Intellectual Approach D. Marxism 52. It is a critical approach that concerns itself with the content and values of the text, that is, to determine if the text is significant in the reader’s well-being—making them become better persons and them understand the world. A. Feminism B. Deconstruction C. Moral/Intellectual Approach D. Marxism 53. Which of the following is NOT included in the Seven Literary Standards? A. Artistry B. Intellectual Value C. Permanence D. Spiritual Value E. Style F. Symbolism G. Suggestiveness H. Universality 54. It is a standard that tells us that it is quality that appeals to the readers’ standard of beauty in terms painting or literature, its elements work together to express their intended meaning. A. Spiritual Value B. Intellectual Value Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 C. Permanence D. Artistry 55. It is a standard that appeals to our intellect. An artwork inflames critical thinking. It helps you uncover indispensable truths about life and human nature. A. Spiritual Value B. Intellectual Value C. Permanence D. Artistry 56. It is a standard that appeals to our emotions. It makes is sympathize or emphasize with the people involved in an artwork. A. Style B. Symbolism C. Universality D. Suggestiveness 57. It is a standard that appeals to our sense of morality by making us undergo self-realization that makes us better persons. It subsumes the capacity to inspire; ordinary people who do things extraordinary well. A. Spiritual Value B. Intellectual Value C. Permanence D. Artistry 58. It is a standard that tells us an excellent artwork lasts. It stands the test of time. It can be read on several occasions with the feeling that you are reading it for the first time for each reading provides new insights about the world we live in. A. Style B. Symbolism C. Universality D. Suggestiveness E. Permanence 59. It is a standard that tells us a superb artwork is timeless and timely; it is forever relevant; it appeals to all regardless of one’s race, educational attainment, gender, religious affiliation, and social status because it deals with elemental feelings, fundamental truths, and universal conditions. A. Style B. Symbolism C. Universality D. Suggestiveness 60. It is a standard that tells us an artwork manifests the artists’ ingenuity and originality. He deviates from the usual convention, but he is able to showcase his talent beyond mediocrity. A. Style B. Symbolism C. Universality D. Suggestiveness 61. Which of the following is NOT included in the five key elements that go into great short story? A. Character B. Plot C. Point of View D. Setting E. Theme 62. Which of the following is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict? A. Character B. Plot C. Point of View D. Setting E. Theme 63. It is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary works. A. Character B. Plot C. Point of View D. Setting Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 E. Theme 64. Many would think that this only refers to the place where the story takes place, but in reality, it actually encompasses both the physical locale that frames the action and the specific time including the date and years, the climatic actions, and even the historical period during the story took place. A. Character B. Plot C. Point of View D. Setting E. Theme 65. When we speak of a narrator, what is needed? A. Character B. Plot C. Point of View D. Setting E. Theme 66. It is the central idea or belief in a short story. A. Character B. Plot C. Point of View D. Setting E. Theme 67. The opening section of a plot is called as ____. It is where information about the setting and time of the story are presented. This situation is established and some of the characters are introduced. Usually, at this point, nothing significant has happened yet. A. Exposition B. Complication C. Conflict D. Climax/Crisis E. Falling Action/Reversal F. Resolution/Denouement 68. This happens when something happens that disturbs the equilibrium. In this part, conflict is introduced and things begin to happen, this conflict propels the plot forward. A. Exposition B. Complication C. Conflict D. Climax/Crisis E. Falling Action/Reversal F. Resolution/Denouement 69. It is a struggle between two people or things in a story. The main character is usually on one side of the central ___. A. Exposition B. Complication C. Conflict D. Climax/Crisis E. Falling Action/Reversal F. Resolution/Denouement 70. As the complication develops, the conflict intensifies until the story reaches its ___. This is where the tension is most intense and it represents the turning point of the plot. A. Exposition B. Complication C. Conflict D. Climax/Crisis E. Falling Action/Reversal F. Resolution/Denouement 71. After the climax comes, the ___ comes. It is where the tension subsides. A. Exposition B. Complication C. Conflict D. Climax/Crisis Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 E. Falling Action/Reversal F. Resolution/Denouement 72. As the complications untangled, the story moves to its conclusion. The story ends with the __ wherein the conflict is finally resolved. A. Exposition B. Complication C. Conflict D. Climax/Crisis E. Falling Action/Reversal F. Resolution/Denouement 73. Which of the following conflicts is considered internal? A. Man vs Man B. Man vs Himself C. Man vs Society D. Man vs Circumstance 74. These characters are primarily responsible for the major actions in the story. A. Main/Major B. Secondary/Minor C. Central/Leading D. Hero/Protagonist E. Villain/Antagonist 75. The character which the story revolves around is known as ___. A. Main/Major B. Secondary/Minor C. Central/Leading D. Hero/Protagonist E. Villain/Antagonist 76. In the old narratives, the central character is known as ___. A. Main/Major B. Secondary/Minor C. Central/Leading D. Hero/Protagonist E. Villain/Antagonist 77. The exact opposite of the hero is the ___, the character who opposes the hero and invested with negative attributes. A. Main/Major B. Secondary/Minor C. Central/Leading D. Hero/Protagonist E. Villain/Antagonist 78. It is the point of view that the narrator plays a minor role in the story. A. First-person Participant B. Third-person Omniscient C. First-person Observer D. Limited Omniscient 79. It is the point of view that the narrator plays a major character in the story. A. First-person Participant B. Third-person Omniscient C. First-person Observer D. Limited Omniscient 80. It is the point of view where the narrator is not a character in the story, but like a God the writer is capable of knowing everything including the characters’ thoughts and feelings. A. First-person Participant B. Third-person Omniscient C. First-person Observer D. Limited Omniscient 81. It is the point of view in short stories where the narrator is similar to the first-person point of view in so far as they are both restricted to situations and events which can be seen and known by one character. A. First-person Participant Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 B. Third-person Omniscient C. First-person Observer D. Limited Omniscient 82. The following are key elements of drama EXCEPT A. Dialogue B. Plot C. Character 83. What is known to be the indispensable element of a drama? A. Dialogue B. Plot C. Character 84. The three methods of characterization in drama are the following EXCEPT A. Through name and physical appearance B. Through action, through what the characters do in the course of the play C. Dialogue 85. The following are elements and devices of poetry EXCEPT A. Allegory B. Alliteration C. Assonance D. Denotation and Connotation E. Diction F. Image G. Irony H. Metaphor I. Meter J. Rhyme K. Simile L. Symbol M. Tone 86. Which of the following can tell us a story that can be read symbolically? A. Allegory B. Alliteration C. Assonance D. Denotation and Connotation 87. Which of the following happens when the initial sounds of a word, beginning either with a consonant or a vowel, are repeated in a close succession? A. Allegory B. Alliteration C. Assonance D. Denotation and Connotation 88. It occurs when the vowel sound within the word matches the same sound in a nearby word, but the surrounding consonant sounds are different. A. Allegory B. Alliteration C. Assonance D. Denotation and Connotation 89. It refers to both the choice and order of words. It has been split into vocabulary and syntax. A. Diction B. Irony C. Metaphor D. Meter 90. It allows us to say something but to mean something else, whether we are being sarcastic, exaggerating, or understanding. A. Diction B. Irony C. Metaphor D. Meter Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 91. It is the rhythm established by the poem, and it is usually dependent not only to the number of syllables in a line, but also on the way those syllables are accented. This rhythm is usually described as a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. A. Diction B. Irony C. Metaphor D. Meter 92. It is the most recognizable convention of poetry, but its function is always overlooked. It helps unify a poem—it repeats a sound that links one concept to another, thus helping to determine the structure of a poem. A. Rhyme B. Simile C. Symbol D. Tone 93. It uses the word “like” that signifies a direct comparison between two things that are alike in a certain way. Usually on of the elements of this is concrete and the other one is abstract. A. Rhyme B. Simile C. Symbol D. Tone 94. It works in two ways: it is something itself, and it also suggests something deeper. A. Rhyme B. Simile C. Symbol D. Tone 95. It is roughly equivalent to the mood it creates in the reader. A. Rhyme B. Simile C. Symbol D. Tone 96. Who is the author of Preludes? A. Daryll Delgado B. Jose Wendell Capili C. Raissa Claire U. Rivera D. Ralph Semino Galán 97. Who is the author of Justice? A. Daryll Delgado B. Jose Wendell Capili C. Raissa Claire U. Rivera D. Ralph Semino Galán 98. Who is the author of Cronulla Beach? A. Daryll Delgado B. Jose Wendell Capili C. Raissa Claire U. Rivera D. Ralph Semino Galán 99. Who is the author of Virtual Center? A. Daryll Delgado B. Jose Wendell Capili C. Raissa Claire U. Rivera D. Ralph Semino Galán 100. The main theme of Preludes is all about ___. A. Gender Inequalities B. The Justice System C. Racism D. Science Fiction and Society 101. The main theme of Justice is all about ___. A. Gender Inequalities B. The Justice System C. Racism Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer D. Science Fiction and Society 102. The main theme of Cronulla Beach is all about ___. A. Gender Inequalities B. The Justice System C. Racism D. Science Fiction and Society 103. The main theme of Virtual Center is all about ___. A. Gender Inequalities B. The Justice System C. Racism D. Science Fiction and Society 104. Which of the following is an example of Fiction? (Choose Two) A. Cronulla Beach by Jose Wendell Capili B. Justice by Ralph Semino Galán C. Preludes by Daryll Delgado D. Virtual Center by Raissa Claire U. Rivera 105. Which of the following is an example of Poetry? (Choose Two) A. Cronulla Beach by Jose Wendell Capili B. Justice by Ralph Semino Galán C. Preludes by Daryll Delgado D. Virtual Center by Raissa Claire U. Rivera

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B. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write PAK if the statement is correct, and GANERN if the statement is incorrect, then correct the underlined word/s with the correct answer. ______________________________1. Drama came from the word “dran” which means “to do” or “to act.” ______________________________2. Legend came from the Latin adjective “legenda.” ______________________________3. Myth orients people to the metaphysical dimension, attempts to explain the origins and nature of the world, as well as certain custom or practice of a human society, validates social issues, and on the psychological plane, addresses oneself to the innermost depths of the psyche. ______________________________4. Marvelous and magical things happen to characters and objects in fairy tales. ______________________________5. If the dialogue of a play rhymes, has repeating rhythms, or features of other distinct poetic elements, the play is considered to be drama. ______________________________6. One of the themes of elegy is human morality. ______________________________7. Dramatic Monologue can be acted out, and is a form of a drama. It is also defined as a speech that one person makes to himself or to another. ______________________________8. In “high” comedy, human folly arouses intellectual amusement as well as engaging the emotions. ______________________________9. In “low” comedy, it arouses laughter through jokes and clowning that have more appeal to the emotions than the intellect. ______________________________10. William Shakespeare is known to melodramas. ______________________________11. Melodramas came from the word “melody” (which came from the word “melodia” which means “song”) and “drama.” ______________________________12. Autography came from the words “auton,” meaning self, “bios,” meaning life, and “graphien,” meaning write. ______________________________13. Character Sketch emphasizes on the most striking characteristic of a person’s life. ______________________________14. ______________________________15. The theme (14) is considered as the body of the story and the plot (15) is the soul. ______________________________16. When the main character is opposed by another person or against the forces of nature against society, it is called external conflict. ______________________________17. When the main character is struggling against something inside himself or herself (feelings, emotion, sickness etc.), it is called internal conflict. ______________________________18. Flat characters are simple and one-dimensional. They represent a single dominant trait or characteristic and they remain essentially unchanged throughout the story. ______________________________19. Round characters are complex and multidimensional. They exhibit a number of traits which may be conflicting. ______________________________20. Dynamic characters are characters responsible for the large advancement of the plot. ______________________________21. Static characters are characters do not effect changes in the story. They may contribute to the action, but they are not the primary agents of change.

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 ______________________________22. Characterization is the presentation and establishment of character. ______________________________23. Expository Mode is a direct and explicit way of characterizing. It tells what the character is like. ______________________________24. Dramatic Mode is an indirect and implicit way of characterizing. Instead of implicit statements, the statement, the speech, action, or thoughts of the character are the ways to know what he or she is like. ______________________________25. Atmosphere is the mood or feeling that pervades a literary work. ______________________________26. Narrator is the person who writes the story. ______________________________27. Author is the person who is recounting the events in the story. ______________________________28. Drama (28) is meant to be performed on stage. It is a story in dialogue performed by actors, ______________________________29. on a stage, before an audience. It is commonly known as a play (29). ______________________________30. ______________________________31. The plot (30) tells us what happens, story (31) tells us why it happens. ______________________________32. The plot of a drama is usually structured with acts and scenes. ______________________________33. The acts are the main division of drama. ______________________________34. The scene is a smaller unit, either a division with no change of locale or time. ______________________________35. The character and plot works together in drama. ______________________________36. Although it is not mandatory for a poet to use all these elements or devices, they form an important aspect in poetry. ______________________________37. ______________________________38. Connotation (37) has a negative meaning, while denotation (38) has a positive meaning. ______________________________39. Poets gravitate toward words with strong connotative possibilities because they are so rich of connotative possibility. ______________________________40. Poetic imagery alters or shapes the way we see what the poem is describing. ______________________________41. The meaning of a poem frequently depends on the success of metaphors. ______________________________42. The rhythmic unit is often described as a foot. ______________________________43. An iambic foot follows a pattern of stressed/unstressed syllables. ______________________________44. Metaphors (44) are comparisons between two seemingly dissimilar things; symbols (45) ______________________________45. associates two things, but their meaning is both literal and figurative. C. CLASSIFICATION. Write L if the given is an example of PROSE FICTION, O if it a POETRY, V if DRAMA, and E if NONFICTION PROSE. If your answer is O, classify it further by writing OL for LYRIC POETRY, ON for NARRATIVE POETRY, OD for DRAMATIC POETRY. If your answer is V, classify it further by writing VT for TRAGEDY and VC for COMEDY. Sige lahat lagyan mo na lang ng label. 1. Epic 2. Novel 3. Sonnet 4. Legend 5. Melodrama 6. Farce 7. Character Sketch 8. Essay 9. Parable 10. Short Story 11. Romantic Comedy 12. Tragicomedy 13. Biography 14. Myth 15. Ode 16. Song 17. Autobiography 18. Fairy Tale 19. Ballad 20. Dramatic Monologue 21. Satirical Comedy 22. Fable 23. Editorial 24. Diary/Journal 25. The Comedy of Manners 26. Novella 27. Metrical Romance 28. Soliloquy 29. Black Comedy 30. Elegy

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D. DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION. Pair off and discuss the differences in connotation between these pairs of words. Write H if your answer is NEUTRALPOSITIVE, U if NEUTRALNEGATIVE, M if POSITIVENEUTRAL, G if NEGATIVENEUTRAL, O if NEGATIVEPOSITIVE, T if POSITIVEPOSITIVE, K if NEGATIVENEGATIVE, and A if POSITIVENEGATIVE. You may give example or situation to exemplify your idea. 1. anger and rage 8. commitment and dedication 15. generous and extravagant 2. ask and interrogate 9. cooperate and collaborate 16. house and home 3. cheap and inexpensive 10. cozy and comfortable 17. identical and analogous 4. close and intimidate 11. death and rose 18. job and drudgery 5. cheated and mislead 12. decline and reject 19. old and dilapidated 6. childish and childlike 13. follow and chase 20. pity and sympathy 7. comment and criticize 14. friend and crony 21. praise and flattery

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21st Century Literature 22. proud and conceited 23. shy and timid

Midterms Examination Reviewer 24. slender and skinny 25. steal and snatch

Academic Year 2016-2017 26. trip and tour

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E. SHORT ANSWERS. Answer the following questions. 1. Define ‘literature.’ 2. Explain the Importance of Studying Literature. a. Literature helps us grow both personally and intellectually. b. Literature links us with the world of which we are a part. c. Literature enables us to transcend our immediate time, place, and culture and to make connections with other human beings. d. Literature encourages us to develop mature empathy with all forms of life—human, animal, and plant. e. Literature sharpens our sense of moral judgement. f. Literature stimulates our imagination and ingenuity. g. Literature shows the significance of irony, paradox, oxymoron, and ambivalence. h. Literature allows us to see the world in different vantage points. i. Literature relives history. j. Literature reminds us that we are human beings. 3. Differentiate myth from legend, parable from fable, fairy tale from short story, and novel from novella. 4. How will you know the meaning of a literary text that you are reading? 5. How important are the Critical Approaches in Studying Literature? 6. Explain the following Critical Approaches in Studying Literature. a. Reader-Response Approach b. Marxism c. Feminism d. Queer Theory e. Formalism f. Historical-Biographical Approach g. Deconstruction h. Moral/Intellectual Approach 7. How do you know if a work of art is excellent or not? 8. Explain the Seven Literary Standards. a. Artistry b. Intellectual Value c. Suggestiveness d. Spiritual Value e. Permanence f. Universality g. Style 9. Define short story in your own words. 10. What do you think that make(s) authors remarkable short story writers? 11. How important are characters in a short story? 12. Define drama in your own words. 13. How important is dialogue in a drama? 14. Define poetry in your own words. 15. Why is it important for us to know the importance of the elements and devices of poetry? 16. Why is it important for us to know the connotation and denotation of a word? 17. Literary Mapping. Draw the plot structure of the following using Freytag Pyramid. Then narrate, how the story goes. (Assume they have not read it.) a. Preludes by Daryll Delgado (Fiction) b. Virtual Center by Raissa Claire U. Rivera (Fiction) 18. Writing Conflict. Give situations or circumstances that will exemplify the following conflicts. a. Man vs. Himself b. Man vs. Circumstance c. Man vs. Society d. Man vs. Nature Preludes by Daryll Delgado 19. Why does it seem acceptable in the Philippine society for husbands to have affairs with other women? 20. Is it acceptable for woman? Why or why not? What do you think or feel about this?

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 21. Should this attitude be changed? Why or why not? 22. What are the common points and difference of concubinage and adultery in Philippine law? 23. How did the short story explored infidelity and how it affects the family? 24. What is a prelude? Why is that the title of the story? 25. What does Nenita feel for her husband? Why do you think she feels that way? 26. What does her herbalista friend feel about Nenita’s husband? 27. Who was the man that died in the first paragraph? 28. How do you think he died? What clues in the text helped you to reach that conclusion? 29. What is the importance of the dried purple leaves? Do you think that these leaves were used in the story? How? 30. Who killed the man? Explain your answer. 31. The story ends with the feeling of heat. What are the many meanings of heat in the story? 32. Why is it ironic for the widow to be married to a judge? 33. Do you think, with what happened, that some kind of justice was served? Why or why not? 34. “Chekov’s gun” is a principle which means that if an important object or detail is mentioned in the text, this should play a central role in the plot. In the short story, what takes place of Chekov’s gun? How does it help in your appreciation of the story? The Justice System by Ralph Semino Galan 35. What do you know about the impeachment of Chief Justice Renato Corona? Was it discussed in schools? What did people say at the time? 36. Why is it important for government officials to declare their SALN? What does it have to do with good governance? 37. Do you think that the process of impeachment is important for a nation, or is it just a distraction from which is more important? Explain your answer. 38. Do you think that the Philippine Justice System gives justice in a timely manner? Why? Why not? 39. Give the meaning of each symbol below. a. Blindfold b. Golden pair of scales c. Double-edge sword d. Torth’s feather of truth e. Painting “is this Philippine Justice?” with Justicia fading into the air…”cloudly as doubts…” f. “…face the music of derision…” 40. Why are symbols important in a poem? Explain what some of the symbols mean and how they add meaning to the poem. 41. Why are symbols important in the life of a nation? What do people get from the symbols of the nation? 42. Why does the poem describe the Philippines as “my uncertain country”? 43. What does the simile, “wrong and right can be shuffled like cards” mean? What does this mean when it comes to any of the following: politics and politicians, the police, and the justice system? 44. What is the poem trying to say about the difference between justice in the Philippines and justice anywhere else? 45. Of all the objects that Justice owns, which one do you think is the most important? Why? 46. Why does Justicia look like she is fading in the painting, “Is this Philippine Justice”? 47. Why is money mentioned in the poem? 48. Why was it important for the Chief Justice to be impeached? What is the message for Filipino government officials? 49. Why does the Chief Justice have to “face the music of derision’? Is he derided, not only for his crime, but because he was caught? Cronulla Beach by Jose Wendell Capili 50. Do you think Filipinos suffer from racism? 51. Do you think Filipinos are ever racist? Can they be racist against fellow Filipinos, such as Filipino-Chinese or the Aeta? 52. Why is racism a problem? Has racism disappeared from society? 53. Tell us something about the Aborigines of Australia. 54. Tell us about the immigration issues in Australia. 55. Tell us about Cronulla, Cronulla Beach, and the events during December 2005. 56. What is the importance of the poem’s setting? 57. Why is it ironic that the beach used to be an “aboriginal landscape”? 58. What does it mean that there are generations who want to keep themselves “pure and sterile”? What does this say about the immigration issues in Australia? 59. Why did the white man rampage against colored people? How did you feel about this? 60. Why did the colored people take their revenge? How do you feel about this? 61. In this discussion about immigration and race, where does the Filipinos come in? Why is this an important concern for Filipinos? Study well! Good luck!

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21st Century Literature Midterms Examination Reviewer Academic Year 2016-2017 62. The pink seashells in the story gradually turned into sand. What could this be a symbol of? Explain. 63. Did the poem change the way you look at living or working abroad? Did it changed the way you view Australia? Why or why not? 64. The last line says, “So racializing, this soap.” What does this mean? Virtual Center by Raissa Claire U. Rivera 65. Do you think science fiction is popular in the Philippine society? Why or why not? 66. What do you think would happen if Filipinos had never fought against martial law? 67. Would you have fought against it? Explain your answer. 68. Define the following terms. a. New Society b. CCP c. Escape to the mountains 69. How would you describe the setting of the story? 70. Describe the “class division” that Nick is talking about. Is it similar to the class divisions we see in Philippine society today? Why or why not? 71. How does the story allude to martial law? Why is this done? 72. Which character in the story do you identify with the most? Why? 73. Why does Art say about reality, and why it is better than virtual reality? Do you agree or disagree? 74. The virtual reality in the story alludes to today’s technology. What particular products or services do you think that this alludes to? 75. What does the story have to say about technology? Do you think this is true in today’s society? 76. Explain the name symbolism in the character of Art. What is the story trying to say about Art? 77. Why does Delia long for Manila at the end of the story? What insight can you get from this? 78. Where did the author got the idea of this story? What made her decide to write about a dystopia, like the ominous feature of “The Hunger Games?” What are the advices she gave to young Filipino science fiction writers? 79. Write a character analysis of Delia. Discuss the following a. What is her motivation? b. Is she a dynamic or a static character? c. Does she have a character arc in the story? d. What is her turning point? e. What does she represent in Philippine society? Explain your reasons for saying so,

Study well! Good luck!

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