213930600-Mpob-Grading-Manual-NEW2.pdf

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MALAYSIAN PALM

OIt BOARD (MPOB)

IVinistry of Planlation Industries and Commodlties, Ma ays a

OIL PALM

FRUIT

GreAM&ruG MAruWAL

MALAYSIAN PALM OrL BOABD [MPOB] Ministry of Plantation lndustries and Commodities, Malaysia

Abbreviated title : Oil Palm Grading Manual

@ Malaysian Palm

Oil Board, 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Second Edition 2003 ISBN :967-961-091-8

Published by : MALAYSTAN PALM OtL BOARD IMPOB] Ministry of Primary lndustries 6, Persiaran lnstitusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia Tel :03-89259155 Fax :03-8925 9446 Website : http://mpob.gov.my

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Page

FOREWORD

vii

1.

INTRODUCTION

1

2.

OBJECTIVE

1

3.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GRADING SCHEME

2

3.1 3.2 3.3 4.

2

Who Can Perform the Grading

2

Documents Required

2

GRADING PROCEDURES

4.1 4.2 4.3 5.

Site of Grading

SamplingProcedures

2

Grading Frequency

3

BunchClassifications

4

GRADING METHODS

5.1 5.2 5.3

8

Calculation of Penalty for Poor Quality Bunch

10

Determination of the Basic Extraction Rate

12

Determination of the Basic Extraction Rate Based on the Age of The Palm

5.3.2

Calculation of the Graded Extraction Rate

GRADING REPORT

6.1 6.2

12

Determination of the Basic Extraction Rate Based on the Bunch Weight

6.

8-12

lnspection and Assessment of the Bunch Quality

5.3.1

5.4

2-7

12 12

13-14

Grading Form

13

Monthly Grading Summary Form

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Page

7.

LIST OFTABLES Table

I

Basic Extraction Rate for Oil & Kernel Based on Age of Palm Tenera (DxP) Progeny

Table ll

23

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Old Bunch

Table Xl

22

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on The Percentage of Dura Bunch

Table X

21

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Dirty Bunch

Table lX

20

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Long Stalk Bunch

Table VIll

19

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Rotten Bunch

Table Vll

18

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Empty Bunch

Table Vl

17

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Underripe Bunch

Table V

16

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Percentage of Unripe Bunch

Table lV

15

Basic Extraction Rate for Oil & Kernel Based on Bunch Weight, Tenera (DxP) Progeny

Table lll

15-25

24

Deduction lmposed on the Basic Oil Extraction Rate Based on the Presence of Free Water

25

oil Palm Fruir Grading Manual

Page

8.

LIST OF APPENDICES

I Appendix ll Appendix lll Appendix lV Appendix

9.

10.

26-29

FFB Grading Form

26

Monthly Grading Summary Form

27

Glossary

28

Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) Grading Flow Chart

29

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

30-37

Photograph

Ripe Bunch

30

Photograph 2

Underripe Bunch

30

Photograph 3

Unripe Bunch

31

Photograph 4

Overripe Bunch

31

Photograph 5 Photograph 6

Empty Bunch

32

Rotten Bunch

32

Photograph 7

Long Stalk Bunch

33

Photograph 8

Unfresh Bunch

33

1

Photograph 9 Old Bunch Photograph 10 Dirty Bunch

34

Photograph

35

11

Small Bunch

34

Photograph 12 Pest Damaged Bunch

35

Photograph 13 Diseased Bunch

36

Photograph 14 Dura Bunch Photograph 15 Loose Fruits

36

Photograph 16 Consignment of Wet Bunches

37

MPOB OFFICES

38-40

Licensing & Enforcement Division

38

MPOB Research Stations

40

37

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Oil Palm Fruit Grading

l\ilanual

The Malaysian palm oil industry has grown by leaps and bounds and is the most important source

of export revenue in the agricultural sector. At the moment, the country is not only the world's leading producer and exporter of palm oil but also the biggest exporter of oils and fats in the world. ln the year 2005, the area planted with oil palm is expected to increase to 3.2 million hectares and similarly, the production of crude palm oil is expected to reach 13.3 million tonnes.

ln keeping with its status as a world leader in the production of quality palm oil, those involved in the industry including the plantation sector must play a major role to further improve the quality of Malaysian palm oil. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has initiated an effort to publish this revised Oil Palm Fruit Grading Manual Second Edition so as to promote quality awareness amongst the mills, the plantations and the smallholding sectors. This manual explains the grading procedures such as sampling and grading methods, calculation of extraction rates and documents that are required for grading.

This manual is published as a reference especially for those that do not have their own grading schemes. For mills and estates that have their own grading schemes, this manual can serve as an alternative when they purchase fruits from outside suppliers.

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Oil Palm Fruit Grading

l\ilanual (}

This manual serves as a practical guide for the grading of oil palm fruit in the mills. lt was jointly prepared by a working technical committee, which comprised representatives from the palm oil industry and was based on studies carried out by MPOB and industry on mills and plantations / estates throughout Malaysia that practiced oil palm fruit grading.

The main aim of this manual is to improve the quality and quantity of crude palm oil and palm kernel production in Malaysia. The specific of objectives are as follows :-

I

To improve the quality of oil palm fruits and fresh fruit bunches received at the mills. To improve the quality of Malaysian crude palm oil. To improve the efficiency of oil and kernel extraction rates in the mills.

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To ensure that the suppliers and millers obtain a fair deal from their transactions.

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3.1

rvranuar

Site of Grading Grading can be done anywhere inside the premises of the mill or its agent. Normally, it is best done on a platform beside the loading ramp.

3.2

Who Can perform the Grading Grading can only be done by the grading staff of the mill or an agent appointed by the mill who has the capability and experience in the grading of fresh fruit bunches.

3.3

Documents Required Documents that are required for grading are the Grading Form (Appendix l), weighbridge ticket and suppier's agreement documents (if any). only fruits received from suppliers with valid MPOB licences are to be graded.

4.1

Samplingprocedures

4'1'1

Select about 50-100 bunches at random as sample from each consignment to be graded. The sample taken should represent the top, middle and bottom portions of the consignment.

oil Palm Fruit crading Manuat (}

4.1.2

The minimum sample size of each consignment to be graded should be determined based on the following criteria :-

lf the net weight of the consignment is less than 5 tonnes, the minimum sample size should be 50 bunches. il

lf the net weight of the consignment is 5 tonnes or more, the minimum sample

size should be 100 bunches. The sample size should be economical, practical and able to detect any change in the bunch quality, especially the degree of ripeness at g5% level of confidence. 4.1.3

Separate the bunches that have been sampled for grading from the rest of the bunches.

tU2

Grading Frequency 4.2.1

The minimum grading frequency for each supplier of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) with long term contract should not be less than 10"/" ol the total consignments or at a the ratio of 1 :10 lorries. lf there is variation in the quality of f resh fruit bunches

supplied or doubts regarding the bunch quality, the grading fequency should be increased to fifty percent (50%) of the total consignment or at of 1:2 lorries. 4.2.2

For suppliers without long term contracts, grading should be done on all consignments.

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Patm Fruit Grading

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Overripe Bunch Overripe bunch is a fresh bunch which has darkish red-coloured fruits and has more than fifty percent (50%) of detached fruitlets but with at least ten percent (10%) of the fruits still attached to the bunch at the time of inspection at the mill. The bunch and the loose fruits are to be sent to the mills within 24 hour after harvesting.

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v.

Empty Bunch

t I

Empty bunch is a bunch with has more than ninety percent (90%) of detached fruitlets

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at the time of inspection at the mill.

vt.

Rotten Bunch Rotten bunch is a bunch partly or wholly and together with its loose fruits, has turn blackish in colour, rotten and mouldy.

vll.

Long Stalk Bunch Long stalk bunch is a fresh bunch which has a stalk of more than 5 cm in length (measured from the lowest level of the bunch stalk).

viii.

Unfresh Bunch Unfresh bunch is a bunch which has been harvested and left at the field for more than

48 hour before being sent to the mill. The whole fruit or part of it together with its stalk has dried out. Normally, this type of bunch is dry and blackish in colour.

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Palm Fruit Grading Manual

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Old Bunch Old bunch is a bunch which has been harvested and left at the field before being sent

to the mill. The fruitlets still remaining on the bunch are dry and brownish black in colour. The stalk is also dry, soft, fibrous and blackish in colour.

Dirty Bunch Dirty bunch is a bunch with more than half of its surface covered with mud, sand, other

dirt particles and mixed with stone or other foreign matters. xl.

Small Bunch Small bunch is a bunch which has smallfruits and weigh less than 2.3 kg. (5 lb.)

xii.

Pest Damaged Bunch Pest damaged bunch is

a bunch with more than thirty percent (30%) of its fruits

damaged by pest attack such as rats, etc.

xiii.

Diseased Bunch Diseased bunch is a bunch which has more than fifty percent (50%) parthenocarpic fruits and is not normal in terms of its size or its density.

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xiv.

Patm Fruit Grading

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Dura Bunch Dura bunch has fruits with the following characteristics :-

2-8 mm

a.

Shellthickness

b.

Ratio of shell to fruit

25-50%

c.

Ratio of mesocarp to fruit

20-60%

d.

Ratio of kernel to fruit

e.

No fibre ring around the shell

4-2OY"

Loose Fruit Loose fruit is a fruit detached from a fresh fruit bunch because of ripeness and is reddish orange in colour. All loose fruits have to be sent to the mill within 24 hours after harvesting.

xvi.

Wet Bunch Wet bunch refers to a consignment of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which has excessive free water.

Oil Palm Fruit Grading Manual

GRADING METHODS

The sample that has been selected will be graded to determine the quality of the bunches and the extraction rate that can be given to the supplier. During grading the following practices should be

carried out: a.

lnspection and Assessment of the Bunch Quality,

b.

Calculation of Penalty for Poor Quality Bunch,

c.

Determination of the Basic Extraction Bate,

d.

Calculation of the Graded Extraction Rate.

5.1

lnspection and Assessment of the Bunch euality 5.1.1

The grading of the consignmentof fresh fruit bunches should be done in the presence of the supplier or his representative such as the lorry driver or his attendant.

5.1.2

The lorry with the consignment of fresh fruit bunches which has been selected to be graded is directed to unload to the platform near the loading ramp. Ensure that the bunches are evenly laid out and no overlapping or layering should occur.

5.1.3

Count the number of bunches in the consignment and calculate the average bunch weight with the following formula :-

Record the information in the Grading Form as shown in Appendix l.

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From these bunches, select at random 50-100 sample bunches and separate them

from the rest of the bunches. Selection of the minimum sample size should be based on the net weight of the consignment as shown in paragraph 4.1.2. Grade, classify and count the sampled bunches into 5 groups based on the criteria of bunch classifications as stated in paragraph 4.3 as follows :-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Ripe. Bunch

Underripe Bunch Unripe Bunch Empty Bunch Rotten Bunch

lnspection and assessment of the bunch quality should be done quantitatively.

Record the number and the percentage of each group in the Grading Form as shown in Appendix

/.

The total percentage of the 5 groups must be one hundred

percent (100%). to Grade, classify and count again allthe sampled bunches into 5 groups as follows :-

i.

Long Stalk Bunch

ii.

Dirty Bunch

iii.

Dura Bunch

iv.

Old Bunch Wet Bunch

The grading should be based on the criteria of bunch classification as stated in paragraph 4.3.

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Patm Fruit Grading Manuat

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5.1.8

Record the number and percentage of each group in the Grading Form as shown in Appendix /.The percentages of the 5 groups of bunch quality in paragraph 5.1.5.

are calculated based on the total number of sampled bunches as in paragraph 5.1.4.

5.2

Calculation of Penalty for Poor Quality Bunch

5.2.1

A penalty based on the discount system, as shown in Tables lll - Xl, will be imposed on the poor quality bunches. The penalty imposed will depend on the results of the

grading as stated in the Grading Form. Check these results with the Penalty Tables (table lll - table X/) and from there get the actual penalty value that can be imposed

on each category of poor quality bunches.

Bunch Category

tr

Penalty

Unripe Bunch

Table lll

Underripe Bunch

Table lV

Empty Bunch

Table V

Rotten Bunch

Table Vl

Long Stalk Bunch

Table Vll

Dirty Bunch

Table Vlll

Dura Bunch

Table lX

Old Bunch

Table X

Wet Bunch

Table Xl

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5.2.2

Patm Fruit Grading

Manual g

Consignment of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) that has poor quality bunches and exceeding

:

i. ii.

30o/o

The 20% of maximum allowable limit for empty bunches or;

The

of maximum allowable limit for dirty bunches

should be rejected. Return the whole load to the supplier. 5.2.3

ln practice, it is not possible to obtain one hundred percent (100o/o) good quality bunches and hence a reasonably good quality consignment should comprise the following combination of bunch quality.

Bunch Category

Limit

Ripe Bunch

>90/"

Underripe Bunch