204242828 ASME BTH 1 2011 Design of Below the Hook Lifting Devices Reduced Texto

Design of Below-the-Hook L i ft i n g Devices

AN

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A M E R I C A N

NATIONAL

STANDARD

8eld .., c , , , o INOOSTRlES. 01.,,.71& ....... fIS-.. No, . .. "'-'·1< ""'

CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE BTH COMMITTEE

General.

ASME

Srandards

are

developed

and

mamtnined

the

wuh

mtent

to

represen!

the

consensus ofconcemed interests. Assuch, users of this Standard may internctwith the Committee by requestmg lntcrpretanons. proposing revrsions, and attendmg Comrmttee meetings

Corre­

spondence should be addresscd to:

Secretary, BTH Standards Committee The American Sccrety of Merhanical Engineers Toree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990

Proposing Revisions.

Rev.srons are made periodtcally to the Standard

to incorpomte chnnges

that appearnecess¡¡ry or desrruhle, as demonstrated by the cxpcrience gaíned from the apphcanon of the Standard. Approved revisions will be pubhshed periodicnlly The Committee wetcomes proposals for rcvlsrcns to this Standard. Such proposals should be a� specific as possible, c1!ing

the

paragrnph number(s),

the pmposed

wording,

and

a detailed

description of the rcasons for the proposal, includmg ¡¡ny pertinent docurncntnbon. Proposing a Case.

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for the purpose of provrdíng altcmanvc rules when

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edition(s)

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formal as

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81 H

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lntormauon. The request

number(s),

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lmmedjately

p,ige.

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rcquest, the BTH Commrttee will render

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as

a

mdrcate

applies.

interpretation

response to

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of

written

any

reguire­

request

sent

Standards Committee.

The request for interpretaticn should lhat

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of the Standard to

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paragraph,

lnterpretations

the

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jnterpratabons. ment

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be

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[t

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further

recommended

the inquirer submit his/her request in the followmg formal.

Sub¡ect

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Cite the applicable edrtion of the Standard

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The BTH Standards Committee regularly holds meetings.

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ASME B T H - 1 - 2 0 1 1 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Following approval by

the ASME

BTH

Standards Commitlee, and

after pubhc

review,

ASME

IITH-1-2011 was approved by the American National Srnndards lnstitute on September 23, 2011.

Revistons introduced wíthin the20ll edition of ASME BTH-1 are idcntihed by a m11rgm note, (11)

Cliangc

Loc11/10n

Pr1gc

New fourth and sixth pnragraphs addcd

1-5 ,_,

Parngrnph 1-4.8 deleted

Reviscd

,_,

9-11

1-5.2

Revised

1-5.3

Revrsed

1·5.4

Revrsed

1-6.l

Rcvtsed

1-7

References updated

------.JD

Revrsed

3-2 .

Editorinlly

�

º -

25

revised

Equntions (34.7) and

4A

4-5.4

References updated

48

4-9

Revrsed

4-10.2

Revrsed

4-10.3

Revrsed

4-11

J\dded

49,

so

51

5-1 3

52

5-3

Title revised

53

s..1.8

Added

5-4.6

Revtsed in its entirety

5-6.3

Revisec

5-7.3

Revtsed

54

in its enti.rety

vur

� "'

-

..,

-..

$00 0 o,.CN[)tlOOSTflU.

._..,_/\SMf

"'"'"º"'- .. _

(3-48) revised

,.kU,1-

'

)

.

º'"'°'"'

�lo,R ...1-3.1).

]atera!-torsiom,l

buckling

strengú1n

fl

cocfficient (p.ira. 3-2.3.2} coefficient applied interílction

to bending

equation

for

1-6

SYMBOLS

(para Thr pnragrnph 6lvcn nftc�

th¡;

dcfnunor- of

:i

symbol

e, . ,,

Cm�

rcfers to the parn¡;raph whcre the symbol ts frrst useo.

-

Each INOlJSTIUU

ultirnate vacuum

4-10.1)

e.a,,,.,,.,,.,...�,..-· ··-·

(MPn)

4-7 .6.2)

8

....... _ .. _...,9 __ ,_, __

ks1

computed axial tensile stres�, ksi (MPa)

mside

4-53)

(para

stress,

!para. 4-7.6.3(d)J

Su

in.

(MP.i)

combmed

reversed

to

4-6.3)

gear,

ksi

porhon of the computed !ensile stress due

SR

= axial component of the actual bearmg load, lb (N)

=

per bearing

or bearing

stress,

corrected fatigue (endurance) limit of slmft

[pi!ra

4-10.1)

(mm'") (para

s m a ll e r

S ¡

the

theorettrally

revolutions,

(mm) (para

of

to

hending

4-7.S(c)]

{para.

enclosed

lifted (para.

diameter

in.

pad

material when

lb (N) (para.

prtch,

w idt h

(para F.

in

be

load

one million

manufacturer,

d

the

compressed

material surface to C ,

vacuum

(MJ!¡i)

fatigue (enduranc.e) l i m 1 t of polishe d ,

m

area

pa d

=

Chapter 4

ef.fectJve

ks1

4-7.S(n)l

ks1 (MPa) (para

3-3.3.1)

(para

(MPa)

lo,1ds 1

unnotchcd spec1men in reversed

p in­

S., Symbols

=

ksi

6.3(d)]

computed

[para

5r angle

stress,

f\uctuating

computed

(Commentary

1)

! o c a ti n g

plaue

connected

1·6.2

=

!para

loss of length of the connected

d ,

p!astic

3--2.3.1)

(para

Z'

axi�

to

!para. 4-7

{para. 3-4.6)

axial

4-7.S(a)]

portion oí the computed teosile stress not d1.1c

nessof the lension-loaded plate, m. (mm)

Z,

computed

Olfl,07'"

- .... �.....;:.Dllill!\ ?ZS1.1' GMT

pad

capticity

ASME IITIH-2011

=

V

velodty

surface

V,

shaft,

of

ft/mm

(m/sec)

ASME BJ0.20-2010, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devrces

mlmmum vacuum leve] spedfied at thepad

Publishe.r:

1

(para. 4--10.1)

VPR

=

017.1-1967 (R2008J, Keys and Keyseats

ASME

(para. 4-6.4)

maxun um

The

Engineers calculated

pad

rnting

American

bearlng load, lb (N) (para. 4-6.4)

X

=

dynamic radial

factor per beanng

load

Mechanical

Avenue,

New

York,

NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)

Box 2900, Patrficld,

=

Park

NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Luw Dnve, P.O.

(para. 4--10.1) W

of

Society

(ASME), Toree

ASTM A325,

Standard Specification

for Structural Bolts,

Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum 'Iensile manufocturer {para. 4-6.3) Strength

=

Y

Lew.s form factor (Iable4-1); dynarruc axial ASTM A490, load

factor .pcr

beanng

Standard Specification

for Structural Bolts,

manufacturer Alloy

Heet Treated, 150 ksi

Steel,

Mínimum Tensile

(parn. 4-63) Strength µs,-

=

codfident of static frrction (parn. 4-9.1)

,r !I

=

specified mmimum yreld stress, psi (MPa)

Pubhsher:

(para. 4-5.3) =

-t

Conshohocken,

computed cornbmed snear stress, ksr (MPa) [para. 4--7.S(b)l

r.v

=

portian

o f

computed

fluct u a ti ng

shear stress

!oads,

ksi

not

[para

Aclion;

computed

ksr (MPa)

to

Jpara

r, =

=

computed

computed

angle

stress,

shear

Paraliel

DIN-Platz Burggrafenstrnl'.se 6, 10787 Berlm,

4-7.6.3{b))

computed

stress

shear

l o a ds ,

ksi

!CS

due

stress,

shear

ksi

ICS

(MPa)

transverse

6-1993

interface surface

horizontal

(para

mea­

W.

Relays

Rnted

Control

and

and

Generators

M an u fo c t ur e r s Street,

Rosslyn,

D , 2008, Peterson's Stress Conrentratron 3rd edition John

Wiley

&

Sons,

111

lnc.,

River

Street,

referenced in

NJ

Hoboken,

this

ancl Systems:

(www.nema.org)

VA 22209

Publisher·

hst of pubhcatlons

Motors

E l e ctr i c a l

Na nona!

Assodation (NEMA), 1300 North 17th

4-10.1)

Factors,

a

(R2001, R2DU6), l n du s t na l

P u b lis h e r :

of vacuum pad

fo\low\ng ts

Control

Overlond

and

MC 1-2006, Revision 1-2007,

shcar stress, ksi (MPn)

REFERENCES

The

Contactors,

Systems: Enclosures

Pilkey,

1-7

lndustrrn.l

(R2UOSJ,

600 Volts

tors.cnal

from

2-2000

Controllers,

(MPaJ

4-7.S(b)J

sured

(11)

Keys, Keyways, Deep Pattern

Deutsches lnstihll f-i.Jr Normung, e V. (DIN},

Germany (www.din.de)

4-7.S(b)J

(para.

=

fotigue

4-7.6.3(d)J

[para.

T v

the

f l u c :t u a t i n g

[para.

O

combmed

= portian of

r p_

West

4r7.6.3(d)J Am

=

Barr Harbor Orive,

19428-2959 (www.astm.org)

P A

(MPa) Publisher:

" J

for Testing and Materials

100

DIN 6885-1, Orive Type Fastenings W t t h ou t Taper

the

d u e t o the

American Society

(ASTM .lnternauonal),

07030-5774 (www wiley.com)

Standard

ANSI/AGMA

and

2001-C95,

C alculañon

Fundamental

Ratmg

Methods for l!wolute

Commentarv:

Pactors

Spur

Helical Gear Teeth1 Publisher:

American

Gear

Manufocturers

Assccranon

Alexandria,

to

sorne

reference

to estabhshed rndustry

areas are

standards,

is

srructured to be a

the greatest extent pract1caL

However.

lists codes, {ACMA), 500 Montgomery Street,

ASME BTH-1

s t a n d-al o ne standard

and

best su1ted to be covered by standards.

and other

Section 1-7

d ocume nt s

that are

VA cited

within

the

main

body

of

this

S t a n dard

and

22314-1581 (www.agma.org) provtdes !he names and addresses !hose

ANSI/ AWS 014.1-2005, Specification for Welding o f

American

chapter of this Standard is ac:companied by

commentary that explains, where

Handling Equrpment! Pubhsher

Welding

Sccíery

of the (AWS),

33126

provisions ot that chapter.

70-2006,

Natlonal Electrical

these

comme n tar i es

1

Batterymarch

Protection Assocmtion

Park,

Qumcy,

MA

(NFPA),

Code,"

02169-7471

EHifnn,

(ANSI), 2 5 Wesl 43rd

Srreet,

A.,

New

A merican

below.

These

only

Con cr ete l n stitute (ACI), 38800 Farmington

S trength

ofWT Secti o ns.�

Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2

York, NY 10036

Hills. Ml 48331

D. S., Wme, G., Sputo, T.. and Samuel. S..

"Flexural

Solf1uolo�llN\\=1'GMI

ASME BTH-1-2011

Box

G700,

West

Conshohocken,

PA

19428-2959

Avallone,

E

A.,

Standard

(www.estm.org)

9th ednion,

Specrñcation Runn!ng

No.

70-2004,

Bndge

&

Specifications

Gantry

Type

for

Multiple

Runnlng

No.

74-2004,

Girder

Traveling

Granes

Utilizing

Single

for

Girder

Top

Electric

Under Running Trolley

Hoist

{CMAA),

DIN 6885-1

8720 Red

Oak

Bou!evard,

(www.mhia.org/industrygroups/crnaa)

DIN-Plat:z

Boresi, A.

Instnut

für Normung,

BurggrafenstraBe

J1078-1994,

6,

e.

V.

10787

Publisher:

P.,

and Sidebottom.

Galambos, T.

A

Recommended

Method

Ku!ak,

G.

of

lnc ..

Automot1ve

of Defensa,

Supenntendent

Government

Printing

Street,

NW

Orive, Warrendale,

1998,

of

DOD

Advanced

Otüce

lGPO),

Washington,

Publisher: Wire Rope Technical

Tolben.

and

732

... .... ,

Struik, J.

H.

F.

M.,

A.,

1953,

John

1987,

"Dovelopmcnts

sbeer Pins,"

Producr

160---170, McGraw-Hill,

e drnon, John Wiley & Sons.

E.,

D.C.

R.

N.,

Universuv,

N.

lnc., New

and

Mischke,

C

R.,

2001,

edition,

Mechan,ca/

McGraw-Hrn,

lnc.,

1970,

"A Photoelastic lnvestigation of Lug Master's Thesrs, Vanderbilt

Nashville, TN

20401 W.

M.,

No.

1934,

(WRTB), 801

Young,

N

W.

Formulas

22314-1757

C.,

and

for

McGraw-Hi!J,

The

Bearing

263, University ol

Expenment Station,

1993

VA

edition,

Peterson's Stress Concentration

2008,

D..

s.lOH>.cMl�R,u.o,no,u Nol ... R.. . )[llll>fll2202..lSOI"' ...- .. MS..-0a)

shapes

ksí (1 U MPa) for welded shapes

I¡

k ,

,.

r.:.:- and 0.35 � k, S 0.763

,¡hit� (3)

Assumes net

(Ji}

far hybrld

(S)

Valid

area oí

beams,

only when

tate at tnc wldest hale.

p

use !he yield stress of lhf

f(ange f v1-

llimges are of eaoet size.

18

-

C-A>Mfll :!5 m.

when

using

Custom.iry

U.S.

UJ1ith (F�, ksi) Equatiun (3 - 37) is the E n e r g y of

=

30.2 if d > 635 mm when usmb SI unit¡, (F., MPa)

Drstor rion Theory relarlcnsfup be t w e e n n ormal and

=

d if d S 25 in. (635 mm)

C omm e n tar y :

shear

stresses

(S h ig l ey

and

Mischke,

all o w a b l e cmical stress is the

m a t e ria l

d i vi d e d by tbe app l i c a bl e des ign factor,

2001).

'

Nr1

For

pUrpose of ttus reqwrnrnent, me cnrecnonc x and

=

fe

d

=

diamelcr

f

=

The

y i el d stress t

he

y are

mutually perpendicular orientatlons of normal stresses,

F,

if d > 25 m

(635 mm)

of roller

13 when usmg U S. Customary un1ts (F�, ksi)

=

9U when usm¡; SI umts (F�. MJ>a)

=

lower yleld stress of

·

th perpendicular

thc

applied

on

a

beyond

the

center

the line of actmn

of

of thc

2(11

A. =

i'

+

(I

- cos

di)]

1

(3-51)

load, .the fracture strength beyond the pinhole

single plane parallel

applied

to

the

pmhole

shall be taken as the least value of the tenslle s!:rength o(

(3-50)

= 1.20 N/1•

p �

Static Strength of the Plates.

pm-connectcd

of a

the edge

shear strength beyond

plane

a pinned cormecnon .and

is still considered

te

is

shall be designed as such.

(11)

ccnter of the hole

the

nonpermanent

parts

used

distrmcc from

of thc plate in the drrectrcn of the apphed load

together m such a manner as to a!low relativa rotanon Even

=

is defmed for

to

the

líne.of

acnon

of the where

lhe.double plane shear strength

load, and

=

ll

the pinhole parallel to the hne of cenen of the

distance

from

the

The allowable

tensile slrength

through

of

edge

edge of the plate in

npplted load.

thc

pmholc

to

thc

the direclion of the app!ied

load, and

the pmhole,

P,, shall be catculated as follows. (3-52)

r., l',

(J-45)

= C, 1.20N/lb,JJ

Commentary: where

b,0

of the

reüton

=

to each síde of the pinhole

effecuve wrdth

A pm connected plate may fall III the

pmho)e

in any

four modes. These

al

are

tansion on the effective area on a p l a n e through the center ol the pinhole perpendicular to the !ine of action

e,

= 1 -

o.21s

C6f. ..¡ 1 - �

of the applied

(3--46)

the

pinhole

load,

fracture

para!lel to the

a single plane beyond

on

line of act1on

the applied

al

load, shear on two planes beyond the pinhole parallel to where

the line of action of the applied load. and by out of

D¡,

=

hale diameter

D¡,

=

pin diame!er

plane buckling, commonly called d1shing. The strength equahons for the plates are emp1ncal, based on research

The value of C, may be

taken

as

1 DO for valucs of

Dp/01, greater than 0.90 The effecrive widlh shall

be

taken

as the smaller of

platel

a failure

as

used

in

th

e

ustrated m

formul a s

(3-48)

ests have shown

o 95%

u t

he shear

T

the

ap

is

the length

lane area

1

1952).

d

(3-51) is basad on

e q

1th a straight

w

dge beyond

defined

one

ar

she

a

ge

ed

b y

e

e

th

ction of the

a

ote that the term in brackets 111 eq. (3-5 1)

ature

curv

lana. lf the edge ol the

p

n

i

F

ig. C3-3, the st be

mu

the

lme

f

o

actlon

!o

of the

late

p

ss ol shear

unted

or.

acco

s circular and symmetrical

i

f

bou1

a

apphed

an

oad,

l

lf the axis then

(3-49)

the loss of length of one shear plane, Z', is given by

25

c-...-1n--..1

..,_,.._,s_._..,_...,.,.E No,..,....._. __,...,.,� ...-._..,,..,tttS

olben,

N

oí

area due to the curved

+

efined by

p

s illustrated

i

P� is

C,UON..ll.13

1 T

bber et al.,

{Bi

rength is taken as 70% ol the ulti­

eometrv of a plate

s curved,

The allowable. single plane fracture strcngth beyond

P�=

odfrey, 1933;

G

steeJ

s\

g

pl1ed load

that are stúfened ar ctherwise prevented from buckhng out of plane.

0.92b, } +b,/D¡,

nd

a

T-l

h a le that is pe r p endicula r to the l i n e oi

The width lnnit al eq. (3--47) does nol apply to plates

º•J R - T

yse

(L

a

mate tensi!e strength in eq. (3-50)

the applied load

(

given m

alues commonly in the range of 80%

bout 70% far

a

l imate shear

To e

on a !me perpendicular to the !me of nction of

F._[

are

v

fa

nd

1970)

pin-connected plate between

the edge of the hale and the edge of the plate

the pinhole

ngth of steel is often

stre

r mild steefs

t

a

plat e s

g. C3-3

T

of

pin - c onn e c t e d

fa

strength

textbooks as 67% to 75% of the ult1mate tens'ile strength.

where wrdth

r

the

he dimenstons

T

Fi

The ultimate shear

{o;.

bIIEI.. om10III

,..,.,.,,..,.,..,.,:,ni,, n�,...,.,1

/\SME BTH-1- 2011

Fig.

C3-3

Fig. C3·4

Pin-Connected Plate Notation

Flnt

Dirnction ol

Curved edge

r

/SC-�

Shackle� rounrJ

¡¡--,,

")

'

'

Ir,

notes

Z'

_.··:� .�

pinte beom

ShMr planes

applled load

, l

Stiffened Plate Llfting Beam

.

r

<

.'

'

. '

',

/

.

'

R

. .

Stilleners pravent

o,.

out-ol-plane bucklmg CL hole

.,

o,,

3-3.3.3

Fatigue Loading.

Thc flVerage tens!le stress

on the net area through the pinhole shall not exceed the Jimits defined in p;mi. 3-4.3 for Stress Catcgory E. Pmholes in cormections designed far Service Classes 1 through 4 shall be drilled, reamed, or otherwise finished to provrde a ma,dmum

surfacc roughness of 500

µin.

(12.5 µm) around the ms.de surtecc of the holc eq . (C3-2), where, r, rs the raruos of curvature of thc !ltl\W ni the

Commentary:

nlare

nu,

fatigue dcaiqn

requirnmcms

in

secucn 3-4 are gr.nf:rdlly basert on tne provrstuna ol ANSI/AWS 0 1 11 l. Th1s soeciflcatmn deos not adclres

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ASME BlH-1-2011

Chapter 4 Meéhanical Design

4-1

lf !he design factor of a commercial componen! is

GENERAL

unknown, the maximum capacity of that componen! 4-1.1

should be ctvrced by the applicable value of Nd

Purpose

This

sets

chapter

design

fotth

critcr¡a

for

machine

elements of 11 below-the-hook lifting device. 4-2

Commentary:

Chapter 4 is iocused on

the design

of machine elements and those·parts of a Hftlnq-devrce not covered by Chapter 3. Chapter 3 is froquently usad

SHEAVES

4-2.1

Sheave Material

Sheaves shall be

Iabncated

of material

by

specified

the liftmg devrce manufacturer or qualified person

in the deslgn of mechanical components to address the

machine

elements together. Mechanical

drive systems.

are conminad in the envelope of

machine elements and components, and other üuxiharv

lilting

equipmem are covered ín ttus chapter.

bottom

Many lifting devrces operate while suspended from building cranes

and hoists,

and

hence

need to

-have

design

AIST Technical

crheria

set

Repon No

6,

forth

by

CMAA

Sheaves

devrce.

block or crane

tb at

me

below-the-hook

are

part

are

not

system

of

a separate

covered

by

thís

Standard.

a

eeemtess interface wnh this equipment. Therefore, varmus

This section applies to sneaves that

Commentary:

srrength requiromcnts of the framework that jcms the

4-2.2

Running Sheaves

#70,

and ASME HST --4 are the

basis for many parts ofthe desrqn cnter¡a estab!ished in

Pitch diameter for runmng sheavcs should not be lcss

than

16

times

diameter of

the nominal

the

w1re rope

used. When the liftin¡; device's sheaves 11re reeved into

thrs chapter

the sheaves

on

conf1guration

the hoist,

oí the

hoist

the pitch

shall

be

diameter

considered

and

in

the

desig:n. 4-1.2

Relation to Chapter 3

Mechanirol components of the lifting devíce Ihat are strcssed by the

force(s) crcaled

during the hft or

movement of the load shall be sized In accordance wíth

ttus chnpter and Chnpter 3 of this Standard. The most conservanve design shall be selected for use. Ali other

Commentary:

determines the number of cycles that the assembly can wi1hs1and. The Comm¡tte¡,¡

components

shall

be

designed

to

recognizes that In sorne

spec1al lów-head room appllcattons the sheave size may need

mecharucal

The pitch diameter of a sheave has a

direct retationship with wire rope wear and fatigue that

to

be smaller to accommodate the

limited

space

the ª"ailable. Extra precaution would need to be established

requirements of this chapter. in these cases to allow for increased wire rope wear. For cases where the lifter's·sheaves are reeved into Commentary: component dropping

cou!d

or

When directly

hazardous

failure result

of

a

m the

rnovement

of

mechantcal

the overhead crane's sheave package, spacing, and fleet

unintended

angle between the two p ara ll e l systems ne e d to be

a

aligned

load,

the

to ensure proper operation.

requirements of Chapter 3 shall be used to size the component coupled with

the

mechanical

reqtnruments

4-2.3

Equalizing Sheaves

of this chapter. Examples ínclude, but are not !imited to, drive systams on slab tongs that ho)d !he load, fosteners that

hold hooks onro beams, and

sheave shafts. There

The

less

may be requirements in both Chapters 3 and 4 that

nor

need to be followed when designing a cornponent.

using

Along wnh the forces produced by normal operation,

p1tch diame!er

than

less 6

one-half of than

x

37

12

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