2021 - 04 - Quadros e Paineis Eletricos
February 11, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Hgm 85 - I`dáìm 816 / Hnrdc `i >2>8
HGM\
XYH@^M\ I RHD XYH@^M\ RHDGÄ GÄD\ D\ ICÄ I CÄP^ P^DLM DLM\ \ AYDH \IPM^DHC @I EHN^DLHGPI\ I @D\P^DNYD@M^I\ @D\P^DNYD@M^ I\ @I XYH@^M\ ICÄP^DLM\ I LYNÊLYC LY NÊLYCM\ M\ LYNÊLYCM\ R^MPIÁÌM @I \D\PIJH\ EMPMUMCPHDLM\ Pälgdlhs phrh qui dgerhistruturhs tigfhj eugáìm `i ncdg`haij icitrmjhagätdlh EH\LÊLYCM\ LMCILDMGÈUID\ LMCILDMGÈUID \ LMCILDMGÈUI D\ • Dgecuïgldh `ms jmtmris smnri lmgsujm i `ijhg`h `i igiradh • Ndm`itiraigti phrh usdghs tirjicätrdlhs • Gmvms lrdtärdms `i iedldïgldh igiraätdlh phrh sdstijhs `i hr lmg`dldmgh`m
DGPIA^ HÁÌM @M\ R^MPMLMCM\ DGPIA^HÁÌM R^MPMLMCM\ JM@NY\ JM@N Y\ PLR I JJ\ RH^H RH^H HLDMGHJIGPM\ HLDMGHJ IGPM\ @I @I JMPM^I\ PICIAI\PÌM @I DCYJDGHÁÌM RßNCDLH I DMP
I`dtmrdhc
0
M \itmr Icätrdlm / Hnrdc `i >2>8
Hgm 85 - I`dáìm 816 / Hnrdc `i >2 >8
H GM\
XYH@^M\ I RHDGÄD\ ICÄP^DLM\ AYDH\IPM^DHC@I EHN^DLHGPI\I@D\P^DNYD@M^I\@I XYH@^M\ICÄP^DLM\I LYNÊLYCM\ R^MPIÁÌM@I\D\PIJH\EMPMUMCPHDLM\ Pälgdlhsphrhqui dgerhistruturhstigfhjeugáìm`incdg`haijicitrmjhagätdlh dgerhistruturhstigfhjeugáìm`i ncdg`haijicitrmjhagätdlh EH\LÊLYCM\LMCILDMGÈUID\ •Dgecuïgldh`ms •Dgecuïgldh`msjmtmris jmtmrissmnrilmgsujmi smnrilmgsujmi `ijhg`h`iigiradh •Ndm`itiraigtiphrhusdghs tirjicätrdlhs •Gmvmslrdtärdms `iiedldïgldhigiraätdlhphrh sdstijhs`ihr lmg`dldmgh`m
DGPIA^HÁÌM@M\R^MPMLMCM\JM@NY\ PLRI JJ\RH^HHLDMGHJIGPM\@I JJ\RH^HHLDMGHJIGPM\ @IJMPM^I\ JMPM^I\ PICIAI\PÌM@IDCYJDGHÁÌM PICIAI\PÌM@IDCYJDGHÁÌMRßNCDLH RßNCDLHIDMP IDMP
I`dáìm 816
Gmvh ilmgmjdh acmnhc i m hr lmg`dldmgh`m Gìm fè giaüldm qui si sustigti fmoi sij civhr ij lmgsd`irháìm sius djphltms smldhds i hjndigthds. Gh gmvh ilmgmjdh acmnhc, gìm fè isphám jhds phrh háùis qui `isprizij m jidm hjndigti i qui gìm siohj smldhcjigti dglcusdvhs. H lfhjh`h Ilmgmjdh Uir`i, Uir `i, tirjm qui gms hlmstujhjms h muvdr fè picm jigms `uhs `älh`hs, hamrh phssh `i utmpdh phrh ujh pmcêtdlh ilmgðjdlh h sir ieitdvhjigti lmgqudsth`h. Rrmvh `dssm sìm ms iglmgtrms qui riÿgij, pirdm`dlhjigti, ms cê`iris `ms phêsis jhds `isigvmcvd`ms `m jug`m i qui phsshrhj h dglcudr h quistìm hjndigthc lmjm prdmrd`h`i ij suhs haig`hs. Ij ougfm, h lÿpuch `m A1, emrjh`m pmr Hcijhgfh, Lhgh`è, Isth`ms Ygd`ms, Erhgáh, Dtècdh, Ohpìm i ^idgm Ygd`m, si riugdrè gmvhjigti ij ujh haig`h lmjuj phrh `dslutdr shÿ`i acmnhc, rilupirháìm ilmgðjdlh jug`dhc, pmcêtdlhs `i igerigthjigtm `hs ju`hgáhs lcdjètdlhs i pmcêtdlh ixtirgh. M Nrhsdc gìm ehz phrti `m A1 i, dgeicdzjigti, lhjdgfh ij ujh `driáìm
`issi jmvdjigtm `i trhgsemrjháìm. H jhdmr phrti `hs gmtêldhs i hrtdams tälgdlms hqud puncdlh`ms hnmr`h tijhs richldmgh`ms hms hssugtms jigldmgh`ms. Gh istidrh istidrh `hs tig`ïgldhs rujm â trhgsdáìm igiraätdlh “ lmglidtm qui `dz rispidtm h ju`hgáhs istruturhds ghs jhtrdzis igiraätdlhs `ms phêsis ij `driáìm h ujh jhtrdz jhds cdjph “ istè
judtm `istmhgti `m ristm `m jug`m. \mjms uj phês mristhc, lmj hprmxdjh`hjigti 96% `m tirrdtürdm lmnirtm pmr mrisths ghturhds
lmjiáhj h vhcir h phrtdr `i >2>2>8. Gm lhpêtucm `isti jïs, m hutmr ehz uj hcirth smnri h djpmrtîgldh `i sdstijhs ildigtis `i lmg`dldmghjigtm
hjndigthc. Iqudphjigtms qui trh`dldmghcjigti lmgsmjij jhds icitrdld`h`i, lmjm rierdairh`mris, jèqudghs `i chvhr, hphricfms `i hr lmg`dldmgh`m, igtri mutrms, istìm gh cdsth `m Rrmarhjh Nrhsdcidrm `i Itdquithaij (RNI) `i prm`utms hvhcdh`ms quhgtm â ildïgldh
igiraätdlh. H Itdquith Ghldmghc `i Lmgsujm `i Igiradh (IGLI) istè phsshg`m pmr ujh riemrjucháìm i gmvms êg`dlis `i ildïgldh
uj lmgsujm jhds lmgsldigti i rhldmghc `h igiradh icätrdlh.
pmrqui icdjdghg`m m `ispir`êldm, vmlï ri`uz h gilissd`h`i `i si airhr jhds igiradh, m qui, ij arhg`is vmcujis, pm`i ivdthr mu pmstirahr h lmgstruáìm `i usdghs, ri`uzdg`m ms djphltms gm jidm hjndigti. M sdjpcis htm `i lmjprhr ujh aich`idrh mu hr
`dpcmjètdlh `m lmjhg`hgti `h gháìm. M sitmr igiraätdlm tij `isthlh`m phpic gissh gmvh ilmgmjdh acmnhc. Lmjnustêvids eüssids `ivij `hr cuahr h rilursms rigmvèvids “ i gissh sihrh, m Nrhsdc tij lhjdgfh`m judtm nij lmj h ixphgsìm lmgsd`irèvic `hs emgtis iücdlh i smchr gms ÿctdjms hgms “ i ijprishs `i tm`m m jug`m tïj dgvistd`m jhssdvhjigti ij tilgmcmadh phrh
Hnrháms,
hutmjhtdzhr prmlissms i tmrgè-cms jhds ildigtis, hssdj lmjm ij
Ecèvdh Cdjh
tälgdlhs jhds sustigtèvids. M lmgtiÿ`m `isth i`dáìm ä uj ixijpcm
hvdhBhtdtu`ii`dtmrdhc.lmj.nr
lmg`dldmgh`m jhds ildigti “ hpishr `i judths vizis dssm sdagdlhr
jhdmr lustm “ pm`i hou`hr judtm gh lmgstruáìm `i uuj j jug`m jicfmr. Nmh cidturh!
Hlmjphgfi gmssmhs cdvis i windghrs lmj ispildhcdsths `m sitmr ij gmssm lhghc gm TmuPuni TmuPuni? ? fttps?//www.ymutuni.lmj/msitmricitrdlm
\ujèrdm
htdtu`iBhtdtu`ii`dtmrdhc.lmj.nr
@dritmris H`mcem Uhdsir \djmgi Uhdsir Hssdstigti `i ldrlucháìm, pi pisqudsh squdsh i ivigtms Figrdqui Uhdsir “ figrdquiBhtdtu`ii`dtmrdhc.lmj.nr figrdquiBhtdtu`ii`dtmrdhc.lmj.nr H`jdgdstrháìm Rhucm Jhrtdgs Mcdvidrh \mnrdgfm h`jdgdstrhtdvmBhtdtu`ii`dtmrdhc.lmj.nr I`dtmrh Ecèvdh Cdjh “ JPN 02.12< hvdhBhtdtu`ii`dtmrdhc.lmj.nr
4 i hs jicfmris prètdlhs ij A@; Ahrahcms i vhgthaigs `h igiradh smchr; Gmvd`h`is `ms lirtdedlh`ms `i igiradh rigmvèvic. Isths i mutrhs gmtêldhs smnri m ugdvirsm `hs emgtis rigmvèvids `i igiradh.
0 I`dtmrdhc 5 Lmcugh `m lmgsuctmr
Cimghr`m Rdvh - htdtu`iBcimghr`mpdvh.lm htdtu`iBcimghr`mpdvh.lmj.nr j.nr
Lmgsuctmr tälgdlm Omsä \thrmsth
Yjh hgècdsi smnri m jhrlm ciahc `h airháìm `dstrdnuê`h.
82 Rhdgic `i gmtêldhs Igic \ìm Rhucm riadstrh hujigtm `i rhdms ij suh èrih `i lmglissìm; Jdghs Airhds cd`irh rhgkdga `i A@ smchr; Rrysjdhg chgáh gmvm audh `i `djigsdmghjigtm phrh lhnms `i nhdxh tigsìm; Iücdlh i smchr civhj lhrvìm â qui`h rilmr`i ij >2>2; Rdcz `m Nrhsdc
Lmchnmrh`mris tälgdlms `h puncdlháìm
ju`h si`i phrh Dg`hdhtunh. Isths i mutrhs gmtêldhs smnri prm`utms, ijprishs i jirlh`m `h igaigfhrdh icätrdlh gm Nrhsdc.
@hgdic Nigtm, Omnsmg Jm`igh, Omsä \thrmsth, Culdhgm ^msdtm, Gugzdhgti Arhzdhgm, ^mnirvhc Nucahriccd.
81 Ehslêlucms Lmchnmrh`mris Lmchnmrh` mris `isth i`dáìm Lhrcms Ivhgaicdsth, Lhrcms Figrdqui \hgtms, Lcèu`dm Jmgtidrm, @hgdic Nigtm, @hgdic Cudz `i \muzh, @mjdgams Mristis, Icndh Ahggmuj, Audcfirji Lhr`dj, Audcfirji Lfrdspdj, Audcfirji `ms \hgtms, Firdvictm Nrmgzih`m, Omìm Jhji`i Edcfm, Omhqudj ^mcdj, Omnsmg Jm`igh, Omsä \thrmsth, Cimgdi \hrunnm, Culdhgm ^msdtm, Jèrldm ^dnidrm, Gicsmg `i Oisus, Gugzdhgti Arhzdhgm, Rhucm I`jug`m `h Emgsilh Eridri, Rhucm Figrdqui \mhris, ^mnirvhc Nucahriccd, ^m`rdam \huhdh, ^mghc`m Khslfir, ^mghc`m Kmcmszuk i Pfdham `i Mcdvidrh.
Dgsthcháùis icätrdlhs `i jä`dh i hcth tigsìm Risqudsh i @isigvmcvdjigtm - Ms jicfmris prmoitms Iedldïgldh igiraätdlh - Rchgiohjigtm i ixiluáìm
pr ètdlh 05 Huch prètdlh Dgtiarháìm `ms prmtmlmcms Jm`nus PLR i JJ\ phrh hldmghjigtms `i jmtmris `i jä`dh tigsìm.
9> Audh sitmrdhc Yj audh prètdlm `i lmgsucth âs ijprishs ehnrdlhgtis i `dstrdnud`mrhs `i quh`rms i phdgäds icätrdlms.
H ^ivdsth M \itmr Icätrdlm ä ujh puncdlháìm jigshc `h Htdtu`i I`dtmrdhc Ct`h., vmcth`h hms jirlh`ms `i Dgsthcháùis Icätrdlhs, Igiradh i Dcujdgháìm, lmj tdrhaij `i 862, \hch 08 Lip? 29281-202 “ Rir`dzis “ \ìm Rhucm (\R) Emgi - (88) 460 50 55 51 56 12
Lmcughs Omnsmg Jm`igh - Rrmtiáìm lmgtrh rhdms Gugzdhgti Arhzdhgm - Xuh`rms i phdgäds Culdhgm ^msdtm - Dcujdgháìm pÿncdlh @hgdic Nigtm - ^i`is suntirrîgihs ij emlm Omsä \thrmsth - Igiradh lmj quhcd`h`i ^mnirvhc Nucahriccd - Dgsthcháùis Ix
1> Mpdgdìm Dcujdgháìm pÿncdlh i ticiaistìm. Irrhth
Islchrilijms qui gh lmcugh "Rrmtiáìm i htirrhjigtm", puncdlh`h ghs pèadghs 5> i 52>8
Omsä \thrmsth ä `dritmr `h Háìm Igaigfhrdh i Dgsthcháùis i jijnrm `h `dritmrdh `m @idgerh-Edisp i `h \NXII. Ä lmgsuctmr `h rivdsth M \itmr Icätrdlm osthrmsthBhlhmigai.lmj.nr osthrmsthBhlhmig ai.lmj.nr
Umtháìm `m jhrlm ciahc `h igiradh emtmvmcthdlh i h `dedluc`h`i phrh igxirahr h cuz
Ij jih`ms `i hnrdc m ciadschtdvm
Rmr issi jm`icm i `dgîjdlh
qui mpthrhj pmr gìm h tir `ivirdhj
dgdldmu h `dslussìm `m prmoitm `i cid
prhtdlh`h, ms lustms `h igiradh airh`h
sunsd`dè-ch âquicis qui edzirhj h
96>4/84, m jhrlm ciahc `h airháìm
i h lmgsujd`h picm lmgsujd`mr sìm ms
islmcfh mpmsth i qui mpthrhj picm
`dstrdnuê`h smchr, qui `ivirè civhr hm
jisjms.
dgvistdjigtm= Issi dgvistdjigtm gìm
edghc h `dslussìm, quhsi uj nrhám
`ivirdh sir eidtm picms dgtirissh`ms gh
`i eirrm, igtri hs `dstrdnud`mrhs i ms
jm`icm htuhc, tïj lmjm prdgldphc phpic
emgti rigmvèvic=
dgtirissh`ms gh Airháìm @dstrdnuê`h
i jdssìm jhgtir h dgerhistruturh (ri`is
• M jm`icm `i thrdeháìm jmgðjdh `ms
(A@) smchr. Rhrili uj lmgtrhssigsm
icätrdlhs mu sdjpcisjigti edm) `i
lmgsujd`mris `i nhdxh tigsìm phrili
gìm hlidthr ms nigieêldms `h igiradh
hcdjigtháìm `ms lmgsujd`mris `i emrjh
isthr lmj ms `dhs lmgth`ms i ujh gmvh
cdjph, shu`h`h pmr tm`ms hquicis qui si
lmgedèvic i mpirhg`m lmj dg`dlh`mris
rihcd`h`i `ivi sir isthnicild`h gh
prmpùij h sunstdtudr hs emgtis pmcud`mrhs gìm rigmvèvids i qui suohj h jhtrdz
h`iquh`ms `i quhcd`h`i `h igiradh `m emrgildjigtm, sig`m ghturhcjigti
lmnrhgáh, lmjpigsháìm i jisjm lmjprh `i igiradh gm jirlh`m cdvri.
igiraätdlh nrhsdcidrh.
rijugirh`hs phrh dssm.
• H thrdeh `m edm `ivirè civhr ij lmgth h
Mlmrri qui gm htuhc istèadm `h
tilgmcmadh, hs emgtis `i A@ emtmvmcthdlhs
Hs `dstrdnud`mr `dstrdnud`mrhs hs `i igiradh, gm
H quistìm h sir trhth`h lmgsd`irh hcaujhs phrtdluchrd`h`is dgtirisshgtis?
gìm mpirhj dsmch`hjigti i lhrilij
iqud`h`i lmj ms houstis h`iquh`ms hms lmgsujd`mris lmgilth`ms lmj A@ i sij A@.
`i lmgixìm âs cdgfhs `hs `dstrdnud`mrhs
• \i m lmgsujd`mr `i igiradh prildsh
• H lmjprh `i igiradh airh`h ghs A@s
phrh ixirlirij m siu phpic jhgtig`m
si lmgilthr â ri`i `hs `dstrdnud`mrhs
ä dgtirisshgti hm phês i gìm pm`i fhvir
m lmgsujd`mr hcdjigth`m picm jdx `i
phrh vig`ir suh igiradh prm`uzd`h i
ritrmlissm.
igiradh emtmvmcthdlh airh`h i hquich
lmjprhr `h jisjh quhg`m lmgvigdigti,
lmgsujd`h `h ri`i `h `dstrdnud`mrh gh
pmr qui igtìm gìm `ivirdh phahr m lustm
ji`d`h gilissèrdh. Hm edghc `m jïs, m
`issh lmgixìm= \irè qui h pmtïgldh
emgti rigmvèvic igrdquilig`m h jhtrdz
nhchgám `i igiradh lmgsujd`h i airh`h ä
`i lurtm-ldrludtm `dspmgdndcdzh`h pichs
igiraätdlh, sij sunsê`dm dg`ivd`m. Xui ms
ieituh`m, lhnig`m hm lmgsujd`mr phahr
`dstrdnud`mrhs `dstrdnud` mrhs gm pmgtm `i lmgixìm gìm ä
pmcêtdlms i ms ciadsch`mris hlirtij ij uj
h `deirigáh si h igiradh lmgsujd`h emr
djpmrthgti=
nmj pmgtm `i iqudcênrdm, sij pmchrd`h`is
supirdmr mu si lri`dthr `h igiradh qui
• \i h igiradh emtmvmcthdlh ä jhds nhrhth
i qui hm jigms `issh viz eháhj h suh
tirdh smnrh`m, utdcdzhg`m gms prüxdjms
i jigms pmcuigti `m qui hs emgtis gìm
phrti gms tdrhg`m jdgdjhjigti `hs trivhs
pirêm`ms.
rigmvèvids, pmr qui ms lmgsujd`mris
qui gms lmcmlhrhj.
Yj `ishedm djpmrthgti ahrhgtdg`m ahrhgtdg`m
Rhdgic `i gmtêldhs
82
M \itmr Icätrdlm / Hnrdc `i >2>8
Igic \ìm Rhucm riadstrh 95,6 jdc rhdms ij suh èrih `i lmglissìm
H
Igic
@dstrd @dstrdnudáìm nudáìm
\ìm
R Rhucm, hucm,
lmglissdmgèrdh `i igiradh icätrdlh qui htuh ij >0 jugdlêpdms `h Arhg`i \ìm Rhucm, lmgthndcdzmu 95.614 rhdms ij tm`h h èrih `i lmglissìm gm prdjidrm trdjistri `i >2>8. M gÿjirm riprisigth uj lrisldjigtm `i >1,89% ij richáìm hm jisjm pirêm`m `i >2>2, quhg`m emrhj riadstrh`hs 00.11< `islhrahs htjmseärdlhs. Ms `h`ms emrhj mntd`ms picm Ligtrm `i Mpirháìm gm \dstijh `i Jmgdtmrhjigtm i Hcirth `i rhdms (\dsrhdms).
H mlmrrïgldh `i rhdms ä lmjuj `urhgti
m virìm, pirêm`m jhrlh`m pmr arhg`i vmcuji `i lfuvhs i tijpisth`is. @i hlmr`m lmj m civhgthjigtm `h lmjphgfdh, emrhj riadstrh`hs 81.252 jdc `islhrahs htjmseärdlhs gm jïs `i ohgidrm, 84.2.012
`h tijpirhturh cmlhc i h pmcudáìm `m hr.
gmssms 1,0 jdcfùis `i lmgsujd`mris‚, ixpcdlh
ij jhrám, h jhdmr quhgtd`h`i riadstrh`h.
m airigti `h Ligtrhc `i Mpirháìm `h Igic
\iaug`m h hgècdsi `m Arupm `i Icitrdld`h`i
htdvd`h`i djpmrthgti phrh `igdáùis `i
@dstrdnudáìm \ìm Rhucm, Udgdlyus Cdjh.
Htjmseärdlh (ICHP) `m Dgstdtutm Ghldmghc `i
istrhtäadhs `i htig`djigtm, pirjdtdg`m hms
Risqudsh Isphldhds (DGRI), ms prdgldphds
tälgdlms `h lmjphgfdh hlmjphgfhr, ij tijpm
`i igiradh, ms rhdms thjnäj hjiháhj h
ehtmris qui dguigldhj h arhg`i quhgtd`h`i
rihc, ms djphltms `hs `islhrahs htjmseärdlhs
siaurhgáh `h pmpucháìm, pmr dssm, tm`m
`i rhdms gh Arhg`i \ìm Rhucm sìm m hujigtm
gm emrgildjigtm `i igiradh icätrdlh phrh ms
lud`h`m ä pmulm.
–M jmgdtmrhjigtm `ms rhdms ä ujh
Hcäj `ms djphltms gm emrgildjigtm
Jdghs Airhds cd`irh rhgkdga `i airháìm `dstrdnuê`h `i igiradh smchr Jdghs Airhds ä m isth`m nrhsdcidrm lmj jhdmr pmtïgldh dgsthch`h `i igiradh smchr gh airháìm `dstrdnuê`h. \iaug`m riligti jhpihjigtm `h Hssmldháìm Nrhsdcidrh `i Igiradh \mchr Emtmvmcthdlh (Hnsmchr), h riadìm pmssud 4.909 lmgsujd`mris `i igiradh icätrdlh, qui oè lmgthj lmj ri`uáìm gh lmgth `i cuz i jhdmr hutmgmjdh i siaurhgáh icätrdlh icätrdlh..
Rhrh Nrugm Lhtth Rrith, lmmr`i lmmr`igh`mr gh`mr isth`uhc `h Hnsmch Hnsmchrr ij Jdghs Airhds, m isth` isth`m m ä htuhcjigti htuhcjigti uj djpmrthgti djpmrthgti ligtrm `i `i
`isigvmcvdjigtm `h igiradh smchr. –H tilgmcmadh emtmvmcthdlh riprisigth uj igmrji pmtigldhc `i `isigvmcvdjigtm sustigtèvic, ilmgðjdlm i smldhc phrh ms jdgidrms, lmj airháìm `i ijpriam i rig`h, r ig`h, htrháìm `i dgvistdjigtms prdvh`ms i lmchnmrháìm gm lmjnhti âs ju`hgáhs lcdjètdlhs‚, lmjigth.
Rhdgic `i gmtêldhs
8>
M \itmr Icätrdlm / Hnrdc `i >2>8
Arupm Rrysjdhg chgáh gmvh i`dáìm `m audh `i `djigsdmghjigtm phrh lhnms `i nhdxh tigsìm M Arupm Rrysjdhg priphrmu ujh gmvh virsìm `m audh `i `djigsdmghjigtm phrh
`h dgtrm`uáìm), lmgtijpchg`m lmgsd`irháùis smnri m usm `i lmg`utmr `i hcujêgdm;
lhnms `i nhdxh tigsìm, luom mnoitdvm ä
lrdtärdms tälgdlms `i `djigsdmghjigtm `i
huxdcdhr, smnritu`m prmssdmghds icitrdldsths i
lmg`utmris icätrdlms; `djigsdmghjigtm pich
igaigfidrms icitrdldsths, gm `djigsdmghjigtm `djigsdmghjigtm
siáìm jêgdjh, lhphld`h`i `i lmg`uáìm `i
`i lhnms phrh dgsthcháùis `i nhdxh tigsìm
lmrriti, qui`h `i tigsìm mu lmrrigti `i
(dauhc mu dgeirdmr h 8 kU).
lurtm-ldrludtm; smnrilhrah; prmtiáìm lmgtrh
H puncdlháì puncdlháìm, m, qui lmjpcith hamrh gmvi
ms lfmquis icätrdlms; utdcdzháìm `i jhds `i
i`dáùis `is`i m chgáhjigtm, ä ichnmrh`h
uj lhnm pmr ehsi ij phrhcicm, ghcdzhg`m
pich iqudpi `i ispildhcdsths ij hpcdlháìm `m
lmj h dgsthcháìm ij lmg`utms jitècdlms
Arupm siaudg`m ms phrîjitrms isthnicild`ms
eilfh`ms.
pich HNGP GN^ 9082, gmrjh tälgdlh qui
riauch hs dgsthcháùis `i nhdxh tigsìm gm
`m –Audh `i @djigsdmghjigtm `i Lhnms
Nrhsdc.
phrh
nr.prysjdhgarmup.lmj/pt/eirrhjigths
M audh istè `dvd`m ij `iz lhpêtucms (hcäj
Rhrh rihcdzhr arhtudthjigti m `mwgcmh` Nhdxh
Pigsìm‚,
nhsth
hlisshr?
Istruturhs jitècdlhs djphlthj piremr piremrjhgli jhgli `h dcujdgháìm pÿncdlh Rhrîjitrms lmjm h hcturh `i jmgthaij, ispháhjigtm, hclhgli, lmildigti `i hrrhstm i aimjitrdh, qui dguigldhj gh islmcfh `ms pmstis jitècdlms, smjhj-si â djpmrtîgldh `i si tir htigáìm hms lrdtärdms lmgstrutdvms `ms pmstis i nrháms, lmjm jhtärdh-prdjh utdcdzh`h, prmlissm `i lmgemrjháìm, igshdms jilîgdlms i `i lmrrmsìm, igtri mutrms lrdtärdms, qui pm`ij priou`dlhr m `isijpigfm `h dcujdgháìm i airhr priouêzms ij rhzìm `h jhgutigáìm i trmlhs prijhturhs `i iqudphjigtms. H `dlh ä `h Nrhjithc, ijprish qui, riligtijigti, `isigvmcviu uj pmrteücdm lmjpcitm `i pmstis, nrháms i supmrtis phrh htig`ir h prmoitms `i dcujdgháìm pÿncdlh pÿncdlh..
"H lmgsldïgldh lmgsldïgldh `ms prmssd prmssdmghds mghds `h èrih èrih smnri h gilissd`h`i `i uj n nmj mj prmoitm `i dcujdgháìm ä lrisligti `ivd`m hms nigieêldms
mntd`ms gh siaurhgáh pÿncdlh, lmgemrtm vdsuhc i thjnäj pich ildïgldh igiraätdlh. Rhrh qui siohj `urh`murms, gìm `ipig`ij smjigti `h cujdgèrdh mu emgti `i cuz `dspmgêvic, jhs `i uj lmgougtm `i lmjpmgigtis dglcudg`m hs istruturhs jitècdlhs, mu sioh, pmstis, sdstijhs `i xháìm, nrháms i `ijhds supmrtis quhg`m hpcdlèvic. M lud`h`m gh siciáìm `istis lmjpmgigtis prildsh dr judtm hcäj `m priám, pmds ixdstij rdslms i lustms htrich`ms h nhdxh quhcd`h`i, prdgldphc prdgldphcjigti jigti lhush`ms pich nhdxh risdstïgldh jilîgdlh i `urhndcd`h`i `ms jhtirdhds utdcdzh`ms, heithg`m pmtigldhcjigti pmtigldhcjigti h siaurhgáh `i pi`istris, icivhg`m h arhvd`h`i `i hld`igtis `i trîgsdtm i sig`m uj priouêzm jmrhc i ghglidrm phrh hs ld`h`is", hvhcdh m airigti lmjirldhc `h ugd`h`i `i dcujdgháìm pÿncdlh `h Nrhjithc, Irgistm Yccrdlf.
M ixilutdvm rilmjig`h qui, hgtis `i h`qudrdr issis iqudphjigtm iqudphjigtms, s,
si virdqui si h jhtärdh-prdjh mu cdah `i hám utdcdzh`h siaui hs gmrjhs tälgdlhs lhnêvids i si m ehnrdlhgti pmssud uj lmgtrmci rdamrmsm `i dgspiáìm `i rilindjigtm, lmgrjhg`m arhu `i purizh i gêvids `i ijpighjigtm qui `ivij tig`ir h zirm gms tunms. M jithc ä uj jhtirdhc gmnri i hcaujhs ji`d`hs pm`ij ehzir m pmsti jitècdlm hdg`h jhds risdstigti, lmjm suh ahcvhgdzháìm, pmr ixijpcm.
Rhdgic `i gmtêldhs
M \itmr Icätrdlm / Hnrdc `i >2>8
8<
Arupm Adjd? ijpriig`i`mrdsjm qui vij `i ehjêcdh Ehnrdlhgti `i quh`rms, lunêlucms i nhrrhjigtms ncdg`h`ms lmjpcith 92 hgms `i htdvd`h`is ij >2>8 lmj prmjissh `i ixphgsìm `h lmjpcixd`h`i qui irh hquici prmlissm `i
H fdstürdh `m Arupm Adjd lmjiámu ij jhdm
si dghuaurmu m prdjidrm sfmppdga, m Dndrhpuirh, hqud
`i 8418, quhg`m m igaigfidrm Gugzdhgti Arhzdhgm Gitm, hdg`h istu`hgti `i igaigfhrdh, ugdu h
ij \ìm Rhucm, i jhds dg`ÿstrdhs lmjiáhrhj h suradr thjnäj gissi pirêm`m‚ ixpcdlh.
igvmcvd`ms, jhs hprig`ijms judtm, judtm jisjm.
suh vmgth`i `i ijpriig`ir lmj h ixpirdïgldh
Emd h phrtdr `ms hgms `i 8462 qui h cdgfh `i
Irrhjms i hlirthjms, jhs supirhjms‚ supirhjms‚,, cijnrh. Gms
gm jirlh`m `i icitrmicitrðgdlh `i siu phd, m
prm`utms `h ijprish lmjiámu h lrislir, ixdadg`m,
hgms siaudgtis, vdirhj ms igshdms `i hrlm icätrdlm
igaigfidrm Rhslfmhc Arhzdhgm, phrh eug`hr h
dglcusdvi, jhds isphám phrh prm`uáìm h j `i
`ivd`m h ehcfh dgtirgh rihcdzh`ms gm Lipic i emd jhds
Dg`ÿstrdh, Jmgthaij i Dgsthcháùis Adjd Ct`h. M
htig`ir â `ijhg`h. Hssdj, h èrih prm`utdvh emd
uj jmjigtm `i arhg`i hprig`dzh`m phrh h Adjd.
Arupm Adjd fmoi ä ujh `hs jhds djpmrthgtis
`upcdlh`h i h Adjd lmjiámu h phrtdldphr `i arhg`is
H lmgqudsth `issis igshdms riadstrmu h igtrh`h
ijprishs `i quh`rms i phdgäds `m phês, emrgilig`m
mnrhs, m qui cfi rig`iu jhds vdsdndcd`h`i gm jirlh`m.
`h Adjd gm jirlh`m `i sunistháùis lmgilth`hs
iqudphjigtms phrh dg`ÿstrdhs, lmglissdmgèrdhs i
H lhrtidrh `i lcdigtis hujigtmu lmgsd`irhvicjigti
h sdstijhs `i trhgsjdssìm `i igiradh, mu sioh, ij
prmoitms `i dgerhistruturh. Lmgfiáh, h siaudr, uj
i uj `icis emd judtm djpmrthgti phrh h fdstürdh `h
tigsùis hldjh `i 54 kU.
pmulm `h suh fdstürdh.
ijprish. M Nrh`islm, qui isthvh ij ixphgsìm,
Ijprish ehjdcdhr, h Adjd lmjiámu gms hgms `i
lmgtrhtmu h Adjd phrh prm`uzdr quh`rms icätrdlms
phssm
8412 841 2 ij jm`isths dgsthcháùis gm nhdrrm Lhgahênh,
phrh ligtighs `i haïgldhs `m nhglm isphcfh`hs
Gisti hgm, dgdldmu-si ujh hprmxdjháìm lmj h
gh zmgh cisti `i \ìm Rhucm (\R), prm`uzdg`m
picm phês i m prmoitm trmuxi arhg`i rilmgfildjigtm
Rmacdhgm Nusnhr, ijprish dthcdhgh ligtigèrdh
quh`rms i phdgäds icätrdlms. Gm dgêldm, lmjm h jhdmrdh
hm trhnhcfm `h Adjd. –Yjh mutrh mnrh judtm arhg`i
`i nhrrhjigtms ncdg`h`ms. –@ijms, igtìm,
`hs ijprishs, jijnrms `h ehjêcdh phsshrhj h
qui zijms emd m Dgstdtutm H`mcem Cutz, ij phrlirdh
dgêldm h ujh trhgseirïgldh `i tilgmcmadh,
hou`hr gh ixiluáìm `hs thriehs h`jdgdstrhtdvhs
lmj h Jätm`m Igaigfhrdh. Emrhj trïs tmgich`hs
jm`irgdzhjms gmssm prmlissm `i lfhphrdh
sijpri mrdigth`ms picms eug`h`mris.
`i nhrrhjigtm i mdtm `dsougtmris `i 28280, `h Adjd Rmacdhgm Ncdg`msnhrrh, ijprish lmj süldms
htä fmoi.
qui ms prdjidrms `iz hgms `h Adjd emrhj jhrlh`ms
Ij 8464, h ijprish phssh pmr jhds ujh
nrhsdcidrms i dthcdhgms, lmj h jdssìm `i ixpcmrhr
pmr uj pmrteücdm `i prm`utms richtdvhjigti sdjpcis.
hjpcdháìm i trhgseiri suhs dgsthcháùis phrh uj
m jirlh`m suc-hjirdlhgm `i icitrdlháìm prä-
H ehnrdlháìm `i quh`rms icätrdlms, lhdxhs `i
phrqui dg`ustrdhc prüprdm, lmj 222, h gmvh airháìm `h
Hjirdlh, ij smldi`h`i lmj m Aruppm Nmgmjd,
lmglmrrigtis juctdghldmghds.
ehjêcdh Arhzdhgm phssh h dgtiarhr m tdji `h ijprish.
ligtigèrdm lmgacmjirh`m dg`ustrdhc ispildhcdzh`m
M jirlh`m gissh äpmlh irh pmulm riauch`m
Yj jhrlm djpmrthgti phrh h Adjd gissi
gh icitrdlháìm eirrmvdèrdh i gm dsmchjigtm `i cdgfhs
i judtm `h tilgmcmadh qui lfiahvh gm phês irh
pirêm`m emd m chgáhjigtm `i lunêlucms lmjphltms
`i `dstrdnudáìm i trhgsjdssìm `i igiradh htä 622
trhzd`h pichs arhg`is juctdghldmghds. –H aigti
lchssis 81,9 kU i >0 kU, lrdh`ms phrh htig`ir h ujh
kU, hcäj `h `dvdsìm \jhrt Ard`, mg`i sìm ehnrdlh`ms
hlmjphgfhvh judtm m qui vdgfh `i emrh i lmgsucthvh
gilissd`h`i `m jirlh`m. Issis iqudphjigtms,
thjnäj ms iqudphjigtms ij Aès \E5. H ANC “
ms jhguhds lmgstrutdvms `hs lmglissdmgèrdhs phrh
gm igthgtm, prildshvhj ehzir ujh särdi `i igshdms
Adjd Nmgmjd Chtdg Hjirdlh drè ixpcmrhr m jirlh`m
prmoithr gmssms iqudphjigtms‚, cijnrh Arhzdhgm
`i tdpm phrh sirij hlidtms picms lcdigtis. M
suc-hjirdlhgm lmj ms trh`dldmghds lunêlucms jdstms
Gitm. –Htä igtìm, gìm gms igvmcvêhjms lmj arhg`is
igaigfidrm Gugzdhgti Arhzdhgm, cfm `i Gugzdhgti
\E5 JdlrmLmjphlt htä 8
Rdcz `m Nrhsdc ju`h si`i phrh Dg`hdhtunh (\R) phrh jicfmr htig`ir hm jirlh`m ghldmghc
H juctdghldmghc hcijì Rdcz `m Nrhsdc, ispildhcdsth ij sdstijhs `i hutmjháìm i ij smcuáùis `i siaurhgáh phrh jèqudghs, jèqudghs, hgugldh h
ju`hgáh `h si`i `h ijprish `i \ìm Nirghr`m `m Lhjpm, riadìm `m HNL Rhucdsth, phrh h ld`h`i `i Dg`hdhtunh, dgtirdmr `i \ìm Rhucm, lmgsd`irh`h uj djpmrthgti pmcm dg`ustrdhc `m phês. Dgsthch`h ij uj prä`dm jm`irgm `i 192j¾ `i èrih lmgstruê`h, h ugd`h`i `dspùi `i shch `i tridghjigtm i sfmwrmmj lmj iqudphjigtms phrh `ijmgstrháìm `i prm`utms. Istrhtiadlhjigti nij cmlhcdzh`h, h 89 jdgutms `m hirmpmrtm `i Udrhlmpms, h gmvh si`i pmssud èrih phrh istmqui h j `i htig`ir, `i emrjh dji`dhth, m Nrhsdc Nr hsdc dgtidrm‚, dgtidrm‚, ixpcdlh Rhucm Eirghg`is, qui fè uj hgm hssujdu h `driáìm-airhc `h Rdcz `m Nrhsdc. Nr hsdc.
H ju`hgáh `h si`i ä phrti eug`hjigthc `m Rchgm Istrhtäadlm `h ijprish qui vdsh jicfmrhr h lhphld`h`i `i ixiluáìm `i prmoitms.
–H gilissd`h`i `i isthr jhds prüxdjms `ms lcdigtis eiz lmj qui `isigvmcvïssijms phrlidrms riadmghds istrhtäadlms (\ystij Rhrtgirs), lmj ixpirtdsi ij h`iquháùis `i jèqudghs i hutmjháìm `i siaurhgáh. M trhnhcfm htrhväs `i \ystij Rhrtgir gms pirjdtdu h trhgseirïgldh phrh h ld`h`i `i Dg`hdhtunh, mg`i isthjms jhds prüxdjms `ms MIJ°s‚, dgemrjh Eirghg`is, risshcthg`m, hdg`h, qui h riadìm `m arhg`i HNL lmgtdguh sig`m hssdstd`h picm phrlidrm cmlhc. @h jisjh emrjh, h Rdcz `m Nrhsdc jhgtäj thjnäj phrlidrms gm Uhci `m Rhrhênh i gm Isth`m `i Rirghjnulm.
Prhjmgtdgh hprisigth cujdgèrdh `i dgspiáìm phrh htjmseirhs ixpcmsdvhs
H Prhjmgtdgh Ix “ `dvdsìm `h eènrdlh `i jhtirdhds icätrdlms `i`dlh`h h prm`utms phrh htjmseirhs htjmseir hs ixpcmsdvhs “
hprisigth phrh m jirlh`m h suh Cujdgèrdh `i Dgspiáìm CI@ CCIx särdi 8>52, ispildhcjigti `isigvmcvd`h phrh jhgutigáìm i dgspiáìm `i hjndigtis. Isti jm`icm ä dg`dlh`m phrh usm ij cmlhds mg`i fè h prisigáh `i htjmseirhs ixpcmsdvhs, sig`m utdcdzh`h ghs zmghs 8 i > (hjndigtis suoidtms h aès) i >8 i >> (èrihs lmj pmidrhs lmjnustêvids), iglmgtrh`hs ij righrdhs i pchthemrjhs `i pitrücim, sdcms i dg`ÿstrdhs hcdjigtêldh, hcdjigtêldh, quêjdlh, ehrjhlïutdlh, igtri mutrhs.
H cujd cujdgèrdh gèrdh ä ehnrdlh`h ehnrdlh`h `i tirjmpcèstdlm tirjmpcèstdlm riemráh`m i pmcd pmcdlhrnmghtm lhrnmghtm lmj prmtiá prmtiáìm ìm YU ghs phrtis phrtis trhgsphrigtis, trhgsphrigtis,
jhtirdhds qui prmpmrldmghj nmh isthndcd`h`i, risdstïgldh jilîgdlh i prmtiáìm lmgtrh icijigtms quêjdlms. M prm`utm htig`i âs gmrjhs nrhsdcidrhs i âs dgtirghldmghds DIL.
Airháìm `dstrdnuê`h smchr pm`i airhr ^$ 81< ndcfùis ij ri`uáìm `i lustms hms lmgsujd`mris htä >292
H Hssmldháìm Hssmldháìm Nrhsdci Nrhsdcidrh drh `i Igiradh \mc \mchr hr Emtmvmcthdlh Emtmvmcthdlh (Hnsmchr) rihrjh qu quii ms htrd htrdnutms nutms pmsdtdvms pmsdtdvms `h airháìm `dstrdnuê`h `dstrdnuê`h smchr emtmvmcthdl emtmvmcthdlhh
supirhj, lmj emcah, ivigtuhds lustms hms lmgsujd`mris nrhsdcidrms i pm`ij trhzir ^$ 8292. \iaug`m hgècdsi `h igtd`h`i, nigieêldms `h airháìm `dstrdnuê`h smchr emtmvmcthdlh smjhj jhds `i ^$ 892 ndcfùis gm pirêm`m smjigti lmj h ri`uáìm `i lustms gm usm `i tirjicätrdlhs, ujh `hs prdgldphds prdgldphds rispmgsèvids picm hujigtm thrdeèrdm gh lmgth `i cuz i pichs ijdssùis `i pmcuigtis i ahsis `i ieidtm istueh `m sitmr icätrdlm. Gisti jisjm pirêm`m, hhcäj cäj `h ri`uáìm `i lustms lmj tirjicätrdlhs, sirìm prmpmrld prmpmrldmgh`ms mgh`ms jhd jhdss `i ^$ >< ndcfùis ` `ii ilmgmjdh ij pir`hs icätrdlhs gh trhgsjdssìm, `dstrdnudáìm i airháìm `h igiradh icätrdlh ij usdghs `i arhg`i pmrti, `dsthgtis `ms cmlhds `i lmgsujm. H smjh `istis `mds hspiltms trhrè ij ujh ri`uáìm `i lustms `i jhds `i ^$ 81< ndcfùis htä >292.
M siajigtm `i airháì airháìm m `dstrdnuê `dstrdnuê`h `h smchr pm`i airh airhrr jhds `i 8 jdcfìm `i gmvms ijpriams gm pirêm`m, lmj h lrdháìm `m jhrlm ciahc
prmpmstm picm RC 96>4/>284, 9 6>4/>284, lmj richtmrdh `m `iputh`m ei`irhc Chehyitti `i Hg`rh`h i htuhcjigti ij lursm gh Lîjhrh `ms @iputh`ms.
Rhdgic `i gmtêldhs
85
M \itmr Icätrdlm / Hnrdc `i >2>8
Htchs ^igiwhnci Igiray ehz phrlirdh lmj Fdthlfd HNN Rmwirr Ard`s ij prmoitm Rmwi prm oitm `i hrjhzighjigtm `i igiradh
H ijprish `i igiradh rigmvèvic
Htchs ^igiwhnci Igiray i h Fdthlfd HNN Rmwir Ard`s hssdghrhj, riligtijigti, uj hlmr`m phrh `isigvmcvir i ixiluthr, ij lmgougtm, \dstijhs `i Hrjhzighjigtm `i Igiradh pmr Nhtirdh (NI\\) ij islhch `i lmglissdmgèrdh `i ri`i pÿncdlh phrh ms prmoitms `i igiradh rigmvèvic `h Htchs.
Isti
hlmr`m hlmr`m pirjdtdrè â
Fdthlfd Fdthlfd
HNN Rmwir Ard`s huxdcdhr h Htchs gm `isigvmcvdjigtm `hs jicfmris smcuáùis tälgdlhs richtdvhs hm NI\\ i suh dgtirlmgixìm `urhgti m `isigvmcvdjigtm `i uj gmvm prmoitm. H Fdthlfd HNN Rmwir Ard`s sirè lmgvd`h`h h phrtdldphr `hs
dgtiarh`ms lmj sulissm gh lmglipáìm `i
ijprish lmjm h Fdthlfd HNN Rmwir
cdldtháùis chgáh`hs pich Htchs ^igiwhnci
gmvms prmoitms `urhgti m istèadm dgdldhc `i
Ard`s, lmgfild`h pmr suh lhphld`h`i `i
Igiray phrh m phlmti `i igaigfhrdh `ms
`isigvmcvdjigtm, lmjm uj lmjpcijigtm
`isigvmcvir smcuáùis tälgdlhs richtdvhs hm
prmoitms.
phrh h usdgh, lmgemrji hs gilissd`h`is
NI\\ i pmr suh ixpirdïgldh gh pristháìm
M prdgldphc mnoitdvm pmr très `isti
qui ich htig`irè. Rhrh ehzir dssm, h Htchs
`i hssdstïgldh phrh h dgtiarháìm `issh
hlmr`m ä ahrhgtdr qui issis sdstijhs `i
^igiwhnci Igiray h`mtmu ujh hnmr`haij
tilgmcmadh ij prmoitms `i igiradh ij
hrjhzighjigtm `i igiradh pmsshj sir
jhds fmcêstdlh hm si hssmldhr h ujh
islhch `i ri`i pÿncdlh.
AI ^igiwhnci Igiray prdjidrh turndgh iücdlh hldjh `idgsthch 9 JQ ij mpirháìm gm phês
H AI ^i ^igiwhnci giwhnci Igiray hhlhnh lhnh `i lmglcudr lmglcudr h dgsthcháìm `hs p prdjidrhs rdjidrhs turndghs turndghs iücdlhs
Lypriss `hs Hjärdlhs, jhds prildshjigti gm lmjpcixm iücdlm \irrh `h Nhndcðgdh, `h ^dm Igiray, cmlhcdzh`m prüxdjm hms jugdlêpdms nhdhgms `i Jmrrm `m Lfhpäu, Murmcîg`dh i Uèrzih Gmvh, gm isth`m `h Nhfdh. Isshs sìm hs prdjidrhs `i 5 jitrms `i hcturh, rmtmr `i 896 jitrms i drìm mpirhr lmj pmtïgldh `i 0.6 JQ h 9.8 JQ. JQ. Xuhg`m lmglcuê`h h dgsthcháìm `i tm`hs hs ugd`h`is, lirlh `i 89< JQ `i lhphld`h`i dgsthch`h sirìm h`dldmgh`ms hm lmjpcixm iücdlm, qui htuhcjigti lmgth lmj >>9 JQ JQ.. Hcäj `m emrgildjigtm `i turndghs, m lmgtrhtm `h AI ^igiwhnci Igiray lmj h ^dm Igiray dglcud uj phlmti `i sirvdáms `i mpirháìm i jhgutigáìm (M&J) `i `iz hgms phrh tm`ms ms iqudphjigtms emrgild`ms emrgild`ms pich AI hm lmjpcixm iücdlm.
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DG\PHCHÁÙI\ ICÄP^DLH\ @I JÄ@DH I HCPH PIG\ÌM Isti ehslêlucm `dslutdrè tilgdlhjigti hcaugs pmrjigmris `hs dgsthcháùis icätrdlhs `i jä`dh i hcth tigsìm i istè smn h lmmr`igháìm `m igaigfidrm Omìm Jhji`i Edcfm, `dritmr tälgdlm `h LRI Istu`ms i Rrmoitms Icätrdlms i hutmr `i `dvirsms cdvrms smnri sdstijhs icätrdlms `i pmtïgldh. \irìm hnmr`h`ms gisti isphám `urhgti tm`m m hgm `i >2>8 tijhs lmjm sunistháùis, dgtireirïgldhs icitrmjhagätdlhs, pir`hs ij cdgfhs `i trhgsjdssìm, hpcdlháìm `i risdstmris, dsmchjigtm, igtri mutrms. Gm lhpêtucm `isth i`dáìm?
Lhpêtucm DDD “ Dgecuïgldh `h phrtd`h `ms jmtmris smnri m lmgsujm i h `ijhg`h `i igiradh Hutmr? Omìm Jhji`i Edcfm
s m c
- Dgecuïgldh smnri lmgsujm - Dgecuïgldh smnri `ijhg`h
>0
@ I\IGUMCUDJIGPM RI\XYD\H I @I\IGUMC UDJIGPM - M\ JICFM^I\ R^MOIPM\ Hs lmglissdmgèrdhs `i igiradh dgvistij, gilisshrdhjigti, ujh phrlich `i suh rilidth cêqud`h ij pisqudsh i `isigvmcvdjigtm. M mnoitdvm `isti ehslêlucm ä `hr cuz h hcaugs `ms jicfmris prmoitms, lmgsd`irhg`m dgmvháìm, vdhndcd`h`i i risucth`ms mntd`ms. Gisth i`dáìm, shdnh `ithcfis smnri m `isigvmcvdjigtm `i ujh smcuáìm phrh rijmáìm `i risê`ums ij usdghs tirjicätrdlhs.
Lhpêtucm DDD “ Ndm`itiraigti phrh rijmáìm `i risê`ums `i pitrm`irdvh`ms ij usdghs tirjicätrdlhs
u l ê
Hutmris? Cimgdi Hsemrh \hrunnm i Audcfirji Lhr`dj `i Cdjh - M prmoitm - Lmjphrhtdvm igtri prm`utms - ^isucth`ms
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Dgsthcháùis icätrdlhs `i jä`dh i hcth tigsìm Lmjm m lmgsujm `i igiradh `i quhcquir dgsthcháìm vhrdh lmgtdguhjigti lmj h igtrh`h i shê`h `hs lhrahs lmgilth`hs i h `ijhg`h jèxdjh `m jïs ä lmgthndcdzh`h h lh`h dgtir vhcm `i 89 jdgutms, dglcudg`m-si hê hs phrtd`hs `ms jmtmris icätrdlms, pm`ijms lhcluchr issh `ijhg`h hpcdlhg`m m lmglidtm `i `ijhg`h iqudvhcigti pmr jidm `h s iaudgti iquháìm. Edaurh 8 “ Ldlcm `i lhrah `m jmtmr `i
Dgsthcháùis icätrdlhs `i jä`dh i hcth tigsìm i) Rir`hs `i igiradh `urhgti m ldlcm `i lhrah `dèrdm lmj h mpirháìm `m jmtmr ij vhzdm
(pir`hs tmthds rieirigtis â lurvh `i lhrah `dèrdh, dstm ä, m jmtmr sirè sunjitd`m h ujh ÿgdlh phrtd`h i lhrè cdah`m `urhgti tm`m m pirêm`m `dèrdm `i mpirháìm h vhzdm). e) @ijhg`h dgtiarh`h picm ji`d`mr ji`d`mr `urhgti `urhgti 89 jdg jdgutms utms
(tijpm `i dgtiarháìm `h `ijhg`h picm ji`d`mr gm dgtirvhcm `i 89 jdgutms) P r : 2 (tijpm `i ripmusm)
(lmrrigti iqudvhcigti gm pirêm`m `i 89 jdgutms? jd gutms? lmrrigti `i phrtd`h + lmrrigti `i lhrah, lmgemrji lurvh `i lhrah `h Edaurh 8)
\i m mpirh`mr `ild`dssi `iscdahr m jmtmr h lh`h dgtirrupáìm `m trhnhcfm tirêhjms hs pir`hs `i > : 6 kQf jigshds `i igiradh pir`d`h `isgi-lisshrdhjigti. `isgi-lisshrd hjigti. Xuhgtm â phrlich `i `ijhg`h, fhvirdh uj hlräsldjm gm vhcmr `i 8,96 kQ lmrrispmg`igti â lmgtrd-nudáìm `h pmtïgldh gm jmjigtm `h phrtd`h `m jmtmr, si issh phrtd`h mlmrrissi ixhthjigti gm jm-jigtm qui h dg`ÿstrdh istdvissi mpirhg`m gh suh `ijhg`h jèxdjh `m jïs i qui issh `ijhg`h emssi dauhc mu supirdmr â `ijhg`h lmgtrhth`h. \i h dg`ÿstrdh mpirhssi, pmr ixijpcm, h 8% hnhdxm `h `ijhg`h lmgtrhth`h, h phrtd`h `m jmtmr gìm tirdh gigfujh dguïgldh gh ehturh `i `ijhg`h. *Omìm Jhji`i Edcfm ä igaigfidrm icitrdldsth i htuhcjigti ä `dritmr tälgdlm `h LRI - Istu`ms i Rrmoitms Icätrdlms. Emd prmeissmr gh Ygdvirsd`h`i `i Emrthcizh igtri 8414 i >28> i prisd`igti `h
(pmtïgldh iqudvhcigti gm dgtirvhcm `i 89 jdgutms) jd gutms)
Gmr`isti Igiradh gms hgms 8444 i >222. Ä hutmr `ms cdvrms Jhguhc `i Iqudphjigtms Icätrdlms (9ª I`dáìm), Dgsthcháùis Icätrdlhs Dg`ustrdhds
(pmtïgldh iqudvhcigti `i lmgtrdnudáìm `h phrtd`h `m jmtmr gm dgtirvhcm `i 89 jdgutms)
M C Y L Ê L \ H E
(4ª I`dáìm), Rrmtiáìm `i \dstijhs Icätrdlms `i Rmtïgldh (>ª I`d-áìm) i Rrmtiáìm `i Iqudphjigtms Icitrðgdlms \igsêvids (>ª I`dáìm).
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Risqudsh i @isigvmcvdjigtm Rmr Cimgdi Hsemrh \hrunnm i Audcfirji Lhr`dj `i Cdjh*
Lhpêtu Lhp êtucm cm DDD D DD Ndm`itiraigti phrh rijmáìm `i risê`ums `i pitrm`irdvh`ms pitrm`i rdvh`ms ij usdghs tirjicätrdlhs M Dgstdtutm Hvhgáh`m `i Pilgmcmadh i Dgmvháìm (DHPD) ä uj ligtrm `i pisqudsh cmlhcdzh`m ij ^ildei-RI, qui htuh gm `isigvmcvdjigtm i djpcijigtháìm `i smcuáùis tilgmcüadlhs dgmvh`mrhs i sustigtèvids phrh `dvirsms siajigtms, ij ispildhc phrh m sitmr icätrdlm nrhsdcidrm. \uh chrah ixpirdïgldh gm Rrmarhjh `i R&@ riauch`m pich Hgiic m lmgsmcd`h lmjm ujh rieirïgldh phrh m sitmr i uj `ms jhdmris ligtrms `i pisqudsh `h riadìm Gmr`isti. Istìm ij ixiluáìm htuhcjigti gm DHPD >5 prmoitms `i R&@+D ougtm h airh`mrhs, trhgsjdssmrhs i `dstrdnud`mrhs `i tm`m m phês, igvmcvig`m lirlh `i 8>2 pisqudsh`mris hssmldh`ms, qui vdhndcdzhj gìm sü m `isigvmcvdjigtm, phtigtihjigtm i djpcijigtháìm `i tilgmcmadhs dgmvh`mrhs phrh m sitmr, jhs thjnäj h lhphldtháìm `i prmssdmghds i h istruturháìm `i chnmrhtürdms i nhglh`hs `i tistis `i hcth tilgmcmadh. @igtri mutrhs èrihs `i htuháìm, `isthlh-si gm DHPD m
Gh prm`uáìm `i igiradh ij usdghsphrtis tirjicätrdlhs h ücim dgivdtèvids vhzhjigtms ij `dvirshs `m sdstijh `i mlmrrij airháìm, qui sìm lmgtrmch`ms pichs iqudpis `i mpirháìm i jhgutigáìm, thds lmjm gm rilindjigtm i trhgspmrti `m ücim lmjnustêvic, gh cunrdlháìm `ms jmtmris i iqudphjigtms, gh cdjpizh `i piáhs, `igtri mutrms. H lrisligti hutmjhtdzháìm `m prmlissm prm`utdvm vij hujigthg`m m gÿjirm `i jèqudghs i iqudphjigtms utdcdzh`ms gh dg`ÿstrdh, icivhg`m gh jisjh ji`d`h h `ijhg`h `hs èrihs `i jhgutigáìm rispmgsèvids pich chvhaij `i piáhs, pdsms i iqudphjigtms djpriagh`ms lmj risê`ums mcimsms. Phc htdvd`h`i risucth hdg`h ij djphltms gmldvms hms mpirh`mris i hm jidm hjndigti, tig`m ij vdsth qui m prmlissm jhguhc `i
`isigvmcvdjigtm `i smcuáùis hjndigthcjigti hjdaèvids, ij ispildhc gh èrih `i Ndmtilgmcmadh, lmj `isthqui phrh iqudphjigtms, jhtirdhds i/mu prm`utms ilmildigtis vmcth`ms hm trhthjigtm `i iuigtis dg`ustrdhds, ndmrriji`dháìm `i smcms, purdlháìm `h èauh, ndmtrhthjigtm `i risê`ums, `igtri mutrms. Gm hgm `i >286, m DHPD riliniu `h Haïgldh Isth`uhc `i Jidm Hjndigti `m Isth`m `i Rirghjnulm m prïjdm Uhslmglicms \mnrdgfm, gh lhtiamrdh Dgmvháìm Ijprishrdhc, picm `isigvmcvdjigtm `i uj ndm`itiraigti htüxdlm i ndm`iarh`èvic phrh rijmáìm `i risê`ums `i pitrm`irdvh`ms ij usdghs tirjicätrdlhs. M prmoitm, ghgldh`m pichs Ligtrhds Icätrdlhs `h Rhrhênh (Iphsh) i ixiluth`m picm DHPD, tivi suh prdjidrh ehsi lmglcuê`h gm hgm `i >2>2 lmj arhg`i sulissm. Lmj m `isigvmcvdjigtm `issh smcuáìm, hs usdghs tirjicätrdlhs ij tm`m Nrhsdc phsshj h lmgthr lmj uj prm`utm `i hcth ildïgldh gh rijmáìm `ms risê`ums, sij hari`dr m jidm hjndigti, sij airhr risê`ums gm prmlissm, ri`uzdg`m lustms mpirhldmghds i jicfmrhg`m hs lmg`dáùis `i shÿ`i i siaurhgáh `m trhnhcfm.
cdjpizh ä rihcdzh`m smn lmg`dáùis dgshcunris `i trhnhcfm (ij judtms lhsms ä utdcdzh`m htä m ücim `disic phrh cdjpizh `hs piáhs), hcäj `i si utdcdzhrij `dvirsms prm`utms quêjdlms qui, ij airhc, hprisigthj gêvids `i ildïgldh dgshtdsehtürdms phrh issi tdpm `i hpcdlháìm. @issh emrjh, hujigthj ms lustms mpirhldmghds `h htdvd`h`i, m tijpm phrh suh ixiluáìm, nij lmjm si lmgstdtuij ij jhds ujh emgti airh`mrh `i risê`ums tüxdlms, qui riquir trhthjigtm hgtis `i suh `istdgháìm ghc. Ij airhc, lmstujh-si `ijhg`hr arhg`i quhgtd`h`i `i fmrhs i iqudpis gujirmshs, lmgsujdg`m tijpm i rilursms prildmsms `h ijprish. Fè hdg`h ujh lhrhltirêstdlh lmjuj âs iqudpis `i cdjpizh qui sìm s ìm m hctm êg`dli `i rmthtdvd`h`i, airhg`m lmgsthgtis tridghjigtms i lurvhs `i hprig`dzhaij `ms gmvms dgtiarhgtis; hctm êg`dli `i hnsigtiêsjm, `ivd`m hm hctm arhu `i dgshcunrd`h`i `h htdvd`h`i; i ivigtuhds háùis trhnhcfdsths `ilmrrigtis `i hciah`hs phtmcmadhs `ms mpirh`mris igvmcvd`ms gissh thrieh. Pm`hs ichs si lmgstdtuij ij sdtuháùis dg`isioh`hs i
M C Y L Ê L \ H E
M
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`dspig`dmshs phrh hs ijprishs. Rigshr ij smcuáùis hjndigthcjigti lmrriths i qui, hm jisjm tijpm, pirjdthj uj hujigtm gms gêvids `i ildïgldh `h cdjpizh i jicfmrdh ghs lmg`dáùis `i shÿ`i i siaurhgáh `m trhnhcfm tmrgh-si eug`hjigthc phrh hs ijprishs qui vhcmrdzhj m jidm hjndigti i h quhcd`h`i `i vd`h `i sius lmchnmrh`mris. \ig`m hssdj, m `isigvmcvdjigtm `issi prm`utm si rivisti `i arhg`i ricivîgldh tälgdlh, ilmgðjdlh, hjndigthc i fujhgh, pmssdndcdthg`m âs usdghs h icdjdgháìm `m usm `m ücim `disic phrh cdjpizh `issis risê`ums, ujh ri`uáìm `i tijpm i lustms, hcäj `h jdtdaháìm `ms djphltms hjndigthds `m prmlissm.
M ndm`itiraigti `isigvmcvd`m hprisigth lhrhltirêstdlhs `i ndm`iarh`hndcd`h`i i husïgldh `i tmxdld`h`i, lhphz `i cdjphr `i emrjh rèpd`h ms risê`ums `i ücim lmjnustêvic MLN8, `disic i mutrms djpriagh`ms gms jmtmris i piáhs `i usdghs tirjicätrdlhs. Lmjm lmgsiquïgldh, mntäj-si ujh ri`uáìm `h airháìm `i gmvms
lmj `dvirsms tdpms `i jhtirdhds ghturhds i tistis `i ildïgldh, emrhj `isigvmcvd`hs hcaujhs emrjucháùis lhphzis `i rijmvir ms risê`ums djpriagh`ms. Ixpirdjigtms h`dldmghds ij chnmrhtürdm i ij lhjpm emrhj lmg`uzd`ms hdg`h phrh m prmlissm `i prdmrdzháìm `h jicfmr emrjucháìm, civhg`m ij lmgsd`irháìm h ildïgldh `i rijmáìm, siu lustm, tijpm i lmjpcixd`h`i `i prm`uáìm. Rhrh thgtm, emrhj rihcdzh`ms tistis `i cdjpizh ij `deirigtis supireêldis djpriagh`hs lmj risê`ums `i ücim, sig`m ichs? piáhs jitècdlhs, rildpdigtis `i pcèstdlm, thgquis jitècdlms utdcdzh`ms phrh djirsìm `i piáhs, iqudphjigtms `dvirsms i hzucioms `i rivistdjigtm rivistdjigtm.. Lmj richáìm hms phrîjitrms hjndigthds, emrhj rihcdzh`ms ms igshdms `i `itirjdgháìm `h ndm`iarh`hndcd`h`i dji`dhth ij sdstijh eilfh`m (RMR-CXE 94.20), pmr jidm `h ji`dáìm `i `düxd`m `i lhrnmgm `isprig`d`m `urhgti >6 `dhs `h hjmstrh sicildmgh`h. Oè lmj richáìm hms tistis `i tmxdld`h`i `ms prä-emrjuch`ms, ms jisjms emrhj lmg`uzd`ms hpüs `iz `dhs `i istmlhaij, utdcdzhg`m sijigtis `i viaithds, h j `i `ijmgstrhr qui h emrjucháìm gìm hprisigth tmxdld`h`i â ghturizh. Gh Phnich 8 istìm hprisigth`ms lmjphrhtdvms igtri ms
pmcuigtis picm usm `i `isigarhxhgtis sdgtätdlms mu `i smcvigtis quêjdlms i jicfmris lmg`dáùis `i trhnhcfm phrh ms rispmgsèvids pmr issh htdvd`h`i. H phrtdr `i prmvhs `i lmglidtm i ixpirdjigtms ij chnmrhtürdm
risucth`ms `i rijmáìm `m ücim pish`m pich háìm `i `itiraigtis lmjirldhds gmrjhcjigti utdcdzh`ms pichs usdghs i hs emrjucháùis `ms ndm`itiraigtis `isigvmcvd`ms picm DHPD. Ä lmjphrh`h thjnäj h tmxdld`h`i `ms rispiltdvms prm`utms. Lmjm pm`i sir mnsirvh`m,
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Risqudsh i @isigvmcvdjigtm P HNICH HNICH 8 “ L MJRH^HPDUM MJRH^HPDUM IGP^I R^M@YPM\ LMJI^LDHD\ I NDM@IPI^AIGPI\ EM^JYCH@M\
@IPI^AIGPI\/@I\IGA^HVHGPI /NDM@IPI^AIGPI\ /NDM@I PI^AIGPI\ GHPY^HD\ GHPY^HD\ R^M@YPM LMJI^LDHC 8* R^M@YPM LMJI^LDHC >* R^M@YPM LMJI^LDHC 2 ¸ 2,29 822,22 ¸ 2,89 822,22 ¸ 2,21 822,22 ¸ 2,24
PMVDLD@H@I
NDM@IA^H@HNDCD@H@I
tüxdlm tüxdlm tüxdlm tüxdlm htüxdlm htüxdlm
Gìm dgemrjh`m Gìm dgemrjh`m Gìm dgemrjh`m Gìm dgemrjh`m \dj \dj
* Rrm`utms lmjirldhds gmrjhcjigti utdcdzh`ms pmr tijmicätrdlhs h ücim
ms ndm`itiraigtis mntd`ms sìm htüxdlms, riprisigthg`m ujh vhgthaij smnri ms ms `itiraigtis lmjirldhds, lmjirldhds, hcäj `i sirij mntd`ms h phrtdr `i emgtis ndm`iarh`èvids. Ms prdgldphds lrdtärdms `i hvhcdháìm `hs emrjucháùis `isigvmcvd`hs emrhj m lustm `i prm`uáìm, m tijpm `i rijmáìm `m ücim i h husïgldh `i tmxdld`h`i. Gissi lmgtixtm, m emrjuch`m H emd m jhds prmjdssmr `m pmgtm `i vdsth ilmgðjdlm. Lmj richáìm â ndm`iarh`hndcd`h`i, emd rihcdzh`m m tisti `i `itirjdgháìm, tig`m issh emrjucháìm hprisigth`m lmjm risucth`m uj hctm arhu `i ndm`iarh`hndcd`h`i, `i 49%. Lmjm phrîjitrm `i hlidtháìm, h hjmstrh `ivi htdgadr uj jêgdjm `i 52% `i ndm`iarh`háìm ij 82 `dhs hpüs htdgadr 82% `i ndm`iarh`háìm dgdldhc. M hspiltm `h emrjucháìm H, prdmrdzh`h gms tistis lmj nhsi gms lrdtärdms ldth`ms, ä hprisigth`m gh Edaurh 8 h siaudr.
Edaurh > “ Riáh jitècdlh hgtis (H) i hpüs (N) cdjpizh lmj ndm`itiraigti.
Edaurh < “ Riáhs jitècdlhs hpüs h cdjpizh lmj `isigarhxhgtis lmgvigldmghds lmgvigldmg hds (H i L) i lmj m ndm`itiraigt ndm`itiraigti i (N i @).
Edaurh 8 “ Hspiltm `m ndm`itiraigti.
M Oè h Edaurh > jmstrh uj tisti `i ildïgldh `i rijmáìm `m ücim Cdjpriagh`m, lmj ri`uzd`m tijpm `i hpcdlháìm i ri`uzd`m isemrám ij suh cdjpizh. Mnsirvh-si uj ixprissdvm hujigtm `h Yjhguhc rijmáìm quhg`m lmjphrh`m h mutrms `itiraigtis lmjirldhds. ^isshcth-si h sdagdlhgti ri`uáìm `i tijpm i isemráms gh cdjpizh L Ê `h piáh. Hs Edaurhs 1
>6
Risqudsh i @isigvmcvdjigtm HGPI\
@IRMD\
h utdcdzháìm `m ndm`itiraigti tij m pmtigldhc `i ri`uáìm `i lirlh `i 62% `ms lustms htuhcjigti dglmrrd`ms pichs ijprishs, igvmcvig`m ri`uáìm `i jìm `i mnrh, tijpm, quhgtd`h`i `i `itiraigtis i ri`uáìm/icdjdgháìm `h lmjprh `i mutrms prm`utms hssmldh`ms hm prmlissm `i cdjpizh. Ms nigieêldms sìm hdg`h jhdmris quhg`m lmgthndcdzh`ms? lmgthndcdzh`ms? • Hujigtm gm vhcmr `i vig`h `h nmrrh mcimsh `h shê`h `m
siphrh`mr èauh-ücim `hs usdghs, ujh viz qui m ndm`itiraigti tirè háìm smnri issi prmlissm, ri`uzdg`m m timr `i èauh gm edghc `issi prmlissm; • ^i`uáìm `i rdslms `i lhushs trhnhcfdsths gh oustdáh pmr Edaurh 9 “ Cdjpizh `i piáh jitècdlh `m jmtmr djpriagh`h lmj ücim hgtis i `ipmds `m usm `m ndm`itiraigti.
mpirh`mris qui si sigtdrij lmj h shÿ`i priou`dlh`h pich lmgsthgti ixpmsdáìm hm `disic i mutrms prm`utms tüxdlms ush`ms gh cdjpizh hm cmgam `ms hgms `i sir vdám; • ^i`uáìm `ms rdslms `i shÿ`i `ms trhnhcfh`mris hssmldh`ms
Hcäj `h ildïgldh gh rijmáìm `i pitrm`irdvh`ms ij `dvirshs supireêldis, m ndm`itiraigti hprisigth ujh djpmrthgti lhrhltirêstdlh h`dldmghc. Mnsirvmu-si qui h hpcdlháìm `i `itiraigtis lmjirldhds trh`dldmghds mlhsdmgh lirtm arhu `i lmrrmsìm i hnrhsìm gh supireêldi `hs piáhs, lhrhltirêstdlh gìm mnsirvh`h quhg`m `h utdcdzháìm `m ndm`itiraigti `isigvmcvd`m. Ricm lmgtrèrdm, hcäj `i gìm `hgdlhr m jhtirdhc, m prm`utm jhgtäj hs piáhs jitècdlhs cunrdlh`hs i cdvris `i lmrrmsìm lmrrmsìm,, pmds lrdh ujh lhjh`h prmtitmrh gh suh supireêldi. Mutrm pmgtm ricivhgti lmgsdsti gh vdhndcd`h`i tälgdlh i hjndigthc `m prmlissm `i prm`uáìm. H ehnrdlháìm `m ndm`itiraigti gìm airh gigfuj tdpm `i risê`um pirdamsm mu gmldvm hm jidm hjndigti, hcäj `i gìm lmgthr lmj jhtärdhs prdjhs `i hcth tmxd`h`i. tmxd `h`i. Ms risucth`ms mntd`ms `ijmgstrhj qui h emrjucháìm si jmstrh istèvic i ildigti gh rijmáìm `m ücim pish`m quhg`m lmjphrh`h hms prm`utms utdcdzh`ms lmjirldhcjigti, hprisigthg`m-si lmjm prm`utm prmjdssmr phrh utdcdzháìm dg`ustrdhc. H emrjucháìm mntd`h pm`i sir lchssdlh`h lmjm uj –prm`utm juctdeugldmghc‚ `h dg`ÿstrdh 0.2. H smcuáìm `isigvmcvd`h picm DHPD hdg`h hprisigth pmtigldhc `i utdcdzháìm pmr ijprishs `i `dvirsms mutrms siajigtms, hcäj `m sitmr icätrdlm, qui thjnäj `ijhg`hj cdjpizh `i piáhs i jèqudghs djpriagh`hss `i ücims i arhxhs, nij lmjm cdjpizh `i pdsms suoms djpriagh`h pmr risê`ums `i pitrm`irdvh`ms. Hcäj `h ri`uáìm `ms djphltms hjndigthds picm usm `i prm`utms htüxdlms i ndm`iarh`èvids i `h ri`uáìm `ms rdslms `i shÿ`i `ms trhnhcfh`mris, ä eug`hjigthc risshcthr m djphltm pmsdtdvm `issi gmvm prm`utm gm jirlh`m, picm `isigvmcvdjigtm i usm `i smcuáùis ilmildigtis i dgmvh`mrhs.
M C Y L Ê L \L H E Ms tistis chnmrhtmrdhds i `i lhjpm `ijmgstrhrhj qui
hm usm `i prm`utms tüxdlms gm prmlissm `i cdjpizh, ri`uzdg`m m hnsigtiêsjm, h rmthtdvd`h`i i ms hld`igtis mu háùis gmldvhs â shÿ`i `m trhnhcfh`mr; • ^i`uáìm `i djphltms hjndigthds picm usm `i prm`utms
htüxdlmss i ndm`iarh`èvids; htüxdlm • Djphltm pmsdtdvm gh djhaij dgstdtuldmghc `hs ijprishs,
picm `isigvmcvdjigtm i usm `i smcuáùis hjndigthcjigti hjdaèvids. M prm`utm istè hvhgáhg`m ij `driáìm â suh dgsiráìm `i jirlh`m, htrhväs `h jmgthaij `i ujh jdgd eènrdlh, mg`i sirè `isigvmcvd`m i hprdjmrh`m siu prmlissm `i prm`uáìm ij chrah islhch. Issi ä m mnoitdvm `h siaug`h ehsi `m prmoitm `i R&@+D, qui istè htuhcjigti ij lursm, sig`m edghgldh`m pich IRH\H, hcäj `i jhds `uhs usdghs qui si dgtirisshrhj i oè ist ìm utd cdzhg cd zhg`m `m `i emr jh pdc mtm m prm prm`ut `utm, m, h Pirjm lhn m i h IRI\H. \mcuáùis i risucth`ms `issh ghturizh sìm lmgtdguhjigti pirsiaud`ms picm DHPD ij sius prmoitms, gm dgtudtm `i `hr hpcdlhndcd`h`i, ieitdvd`h`i i ritmrgm hms dgvistdjigtms `hs ijprishs gm îjndtm `m Rrmarhjh `i R&@ `m sitmr icätrdlm riauch`m pich Hgiic. Cimgdi Hsemrh \hrunnm ä @mutmrh ij Igaigfhrdh Xuêjdlh pich Ygdlhjp, @dritmrh Hlh`ïjdlm-Ldigtêlh `m DHPD, lmmr`igh`mrh `m prmoitm `i R&@ Ndm`itiraigti, Ndm`it iraigti, prmeissm rh `h Ygdvirsd`h` i Lhtücdlh `i Rirghjnulm i prmeissmrh lmchnmrh`mrh `h Ygdvirsd`h`i Ei`irhc `i Rirghjnulm | cimgdi.shrunnmBdhtd.mra.nr Audcfirji Lhr`dj Amuvidh `i Cdjh ä Jistri ij Igaigfhrdh `i Rrm`uáìm pich YERI, @dritmr Rrisd`igti `m DHPD, lmj 89 hgms `i ixpirdïgldh gh aistìm i ixiluáìm `i prmoitms `i R&@ Hgiic | audcfirji.lhr`djBdhtd.mra.nr
>4
2>2, m gêvic `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh `issis iqudphjigtms ä lchssdlh`m lmjm sig`m `i –Lchssis H i N‚, dgemrjháìm d`igtdlh`h pmr jidm `h Itdquith Ghldmghc `i Lmgsujm `i Igiradh (IGLI), qui istè `drithjigti richldmgh`h hm lmgsujm `i igiradh pmr phrti `m iqudphjigtm. M hujigtm `ms gêvids jêgdjms `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh ij iqudphjigtms lmg`dldmgh`mris `i hr pm`i lmgtrdnudr sdagdlhtdvhjigti phrh h ri`uáìm `ms djphltms smerd`ms gh jhtrdz igiraätdlh nrhsdcidrh i, htä jisjm, ivdthr mu pmstirahr h lmgstruáìm `i gmvhs usdghs `i airháìm `i igiradh icätrdlh. Gm jug`m, istdjh-si qui ij >281 ixdstdhj ij tmrgm `i 852
eugldmghjigtm, i qui issis lmgsujdrhj 6,9% `i tm`h tm`h igiradh icätrdlh prm`uzd`h `urhgti issi hgm, lmjm hrjh h ijprish `i pisqudshs DF\ Jhrkdt (Rrmlic, >286). I, `i hlmr`m lmj h Ijprish `i Risqudsh `i Igiraätdlh (IRI), ij >281, m lmgsujm `i igiradh icätrdlh `m sitmr risd`igldhc nrhsdcidrm emd `i 86,1 PQf lmj iqudphjigtms `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m. Issi sitmr tij si jmstrh`m judtm `dgîjdlm hm si h`iquhr âs gmvhs gmrjhs i gilissd`h`is `ms lmgsujd`mris, pm`ijms mnsirvhr dssm, pmr ixijpcm, htrhväs `h phg`ijdh lhush`h picm lmrmghvêrus (Lmvd`-84), qui trmuxi lmgsdam hcaujhs ju`hgáhs `i fèndtm gm `dh h `dh `hs pissmhs, dglcusdvi gm sitmr `m trhnhcfm, airhg`m ujh jhdmr primlupháìm lmj h quhcd`h`i `m hr, thgtm ghs ijprishs quhgtm gh risd`ïgldh `ms trhnhcfh`mris, ij eugáìm `m hujigtm `m fmji mli. \iaug`m h Hssmldháìm Nrhsdcidrh `i ^ierdairháìm, Hr Lmg`dldmgh`m, Uigtdcháìm i Hquildjigtm (Hnrhvh), gm Nrhsdc, 85,1% `hs risd`ïgldhs pmssuij sdstijh `i lmg`dldmghjigtm hjndigthc. @ivd`m â phg`ijdh, m jirlh`m emd heith`m `i jhgidrh sdagdlhtdvh,
M C Y L Ê L \ H E
P HNICH HNICH 8 - R M\\I M\\I JÄ@DH @I IXYDRHJIGPM\ ( YGD@H@I\ YGD@H@I\ /822 @MJDLÊCDM\ )
Emgti? Rchgm @ilighc `i Ixphgsìm `i Igiradh `i >2>2 (R@I >2>2).
2>2, puncdlh`m pich \ilrithrdh `i Rchgiohjigtm i @isigvmcvdjigtm Igiraätdlm `m Jdgdstärdm `i Jdghs i Igiradh, m gÿjirm `i `mjdlêcdms phrtdluchris pirjhgigtis lmj igiradh icätrdlh phssmu `i 96 jdcfùis ij >224 phrh lirlh `i 19 jdcfùis ij >2>2, m qui dg`dlh ujh ivmcuáìm `m gÿjirm `i `mjdlêcdms i, lmgsiquigtijigti, m hujigtm `m gÿjirm `i iqudphjigtms lmgilth`ms â ri`i icätrdlh. H Phnich 8 jmstrh, phrh m hgm `i >2>2, ujh prmoiáìm `i >1 ugd`h`is `i iqudphjigtm `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m phrh lh`h 822 `mjdlêcdms. @ivd`m hm htuhc ligèrdm ilmgðjdlm, issh prmoiáìm gìm sirdh hclhgáh`h, pmräj, lmj h ritmjh`h ilmgðjdlh i lmgðjdlh privdsth h cmgam prhzm, sirè gilissèrdm suprdr issh `ijhg`h h j `i ivdthr uj lmchpsm gm sdstijh igiraätdlm ghldmghc, i, phrh dssm, ä issigldhc dgstdtudr h tmjh`h `i `ildsùis `i pmcêtdlhs pÿncdlhs i dgdldhtdvhs pÿncdlm/prdvh`hs phrh h ildigtdzháìm `issi sitmr, mg`i igtrhrdhj ij háìm üraìms `i riauchjigtháìm lmjm m Dgjitrm, Rrmlic i Icitrmnrhs. Htuhcjigti, ms iqudphjigtms `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m lmjirldhcdzh`ms gm Nrhsdc pmssuij ujh nhdxh ildïgldh igiraätdlh quhg`m lmjphrh`ms h iqudphjigtms `i jisjm ehnrdlhgti lmjirldhcdzh`ms ij phêsis `isigvmcvd`ms, i ij hcaugs phêsis ij `isigvmcvdjigtm, qui sìm djpmrthgtis phrlidrms lmjirldhds `m Nrhsdc, lmjm gm lhsm h Lfdgh. Hdg`h qui ms iqudphjigtms lmjirldhcdzh`ms istiohj `i hlmr`m lmj hs gmrjhs i riauchjigtháùis vdaigtis gm Nrhsdc, m nhdxm gêvic `i ildïgldh airh uj icivh`m lmgsujm `i igiradh, m qui djphlth `drithjigti gh jhtrdz igiraätdlh nrhsdcidrh. @dhgti `issi lrisldjigtm, sig`m h jhtrdz icätrdlh nrhsdcidrh, fmoi, jhomrdthrdhjigti hnhstild`h pmr usdghs fd`rmicätrdlhs i
tirjicätrdlhs, ixdstij `dvirsms prmoitms phrh h lmgstruáìm `i gmvhs usdghs. M hujigtm gh ildïgldh igiraätdlh ij iqudphjigtms `i usms ghds vij `i iglmgtrm h lmgtrdnudr phrh ujh jicfmrdh gm sitmr i, lmgsiquigtijigti, ivdthr mu pmstirahr dgvistdjigtms gh ixphgsìm `h jhtrdz icätrdlh nrhsdcidrh.
G Htuhcjigti, pigshg`m gm jmjigtm `i `ildsìm `i lmjprh `i uj iqudphjigtm `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m, gmth-si qui h jhdmrdh `ms lmgsujd`mris gìm civh ij lmgsd`irháìm ehtmris djpmrthgtis lmjm m gêvic `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh, m lustm tmthc `i mpirháìm, h ri`uáìm gh lmgth `i igiradh, hssmldh`h h ujh jhdmr ildïgldh igiraätdlh, i quhc tdpm `i aès rierdairhgti tij jigmr djphltm gm lcdjh. M lmgsujd`mr nrhsdcidrm istè fhndtuh`m h ieituhr suhs lmjprhs lmj nhsi gm jigmr priám i phrh htdgadr m mnoitdvm `i lmgsldigtdzhr m lmgsujd`mr ghc, i ehzir lmj qui hvhcdij ms nigieêldms prmpmrldmgh`ms hm jidm hjndigti, gm jmjigtm `i `ildsìm `i lmjprh `i siu iqudphjigtm, prildshrdh qui issi tdvissi uj jicfmr igtig`djigtm smnri h sdtuháìm `m jirlh`m `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m htuhcjigti. Rhrh rilinir h hutmrdzháìm phrh h lmjirldhcdzháìm gm Nrhsdc, m iqudphjigtm `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m prildsh htig`ir h vèrdms lrdtärdms lmj nhsi ij tistis rihcdzh`ms pmr chnmrhtürdms lri`igldh`ms picm Dgjitrm, sig`m uj `issis lrdtärdms h ildïgldh igiraätdlh. Rhrh ixijpcdlhr, h Phnich 2> jmstrh qui htä ougfm `i >2>2, m gêvic jêgdjm `m lmildigti `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh irh `i >,52 Q/Q, jhs h Rmrthrdh Dgtirjdgdstirdhc JJI/JLP/J@DL g.¿ > `i 286 icivh issi jêgdjm, icdjdghg`m hs lchssis L i @ `h IGLI, mu sioh, lmj issh rivdsìm. smjigti ms iqudphjigtms
Iedldïgldh igiraätdlh htuhcjigti lchssdlh`ms lmjm H i N isthrìm `dspmgêvids gm jirlh`m ghldmghc lmj uj gêvic jêgdjm `i Q/Q phrh m sitmr risd`igldhc. Rrm`utms jhdmris lmjm Lfdccirs, qui sìm jhds utdcdzh`ms gh dg`ÿstrdh i lmjärldm, hdg`h gìm tïj isthnicild`ms ms Rh`rùis Jêgdjms `i Ildïgldh Igiraätdlh Rirjdtd`h (JIR\).
Lmjm ixpcdlh Culdhgm Jhrlhttm? [hZ gmvh jitm`mcmadh `i tistis i itdquithaij si hprmxdjh judtm jhds `h sdtuháìm rihc `i usm `i uj lmg`dldmgh`mr `i hr, ujh viz qui h lhrah tärjdlh `m hjndigti lcdjhtdzh`m i h tijpirhturh ixtirgh vhrdhj nhsthgti gìm smjigti hm cmgam `m hgm, jhs thjnäj `i uj jisjm `dh (HN^HUH, >2>2).
P HNICH HNICH > - L CH\\I\ CH\\I\ @I IEDLDÏGLDH IGI^AÄPDLH GM N N ^H\DC ^H\DC HPÄ HPÄ O O YYG G />2>2
Jhs issh ju`hgáh vhd hcäj, m Nrhsdc ä uj phês `i `djigsùis lmgtdgigthds i, `ivd`m â suh ixtigsìm, tij uj jirlh`m judtm emlh`m ij iqudphjigtms quigti-erdm gm \uc, i ij phrti `m \u`isti, i ij hphricfms smjigti erdm ghs riadùis Gmrti, Ligtrm-Misti i Gmr`isti, hssdj, issh gmvh jitm`mcmadh `m RNI emd uj phssm djpmrthgti phrh m jirlh`m ghldmghc qui vhd ghcjigti tisthr ms hphricfms `i rmtháìm vhrdèvic `i hlmr`m lmj siu rihc eugldmghjigtm. Rhrh uj jicfmr igtig`djigtm `m djphltm `isshs ju`hgáhs, htuhcjigti, ixdstij judtms prm`utms lchssdlh`ms lmjm –Lchssi H‚, jhs lmj arhg`i `deirigáh `i ildïgldh igtri icis, pmr ixijpcm? `mds iqudphjigtms lmj h jisjh lhphld`h`i `i rierdairháìm, gm quhc m Emgti? Dgjitrm, >2>8.
Issis gêvids `i ildïgldh emrhj htuhcdzh`ms pich ÿctdjh viz ij >28< i phsshrhj pmr issh rivdsìm ij >286, qui hctirmu hpighs m gêvic jêgdjm. Rhrh h mntigáìm `m gêvic –Lchssi H‚ gìm fmuvi hctirháìm.
G H puncdlháìm `h Rmrthrdh g.¿ >4 `i ougfm `i >2>2, qui trhth trhth `m –Hpireidámhjigtm phrldhc `ms ^iqudsdtms `i Hvhcdháìm `h Lmgemrjd`h`i phrh Lmg`dldmgh`mris `i Hr, isthnicilig`m m Êg`dli `i @isijpigfm `i ^iserdhjigtm \hzmghc (D@^\), h rilchssdlháìm `hs lhtiamrdhs `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh i `itirjdghg`m mutrhs prmvd`ïgldhs phrh h `dspmgdndcdzháìm `istis prm`utms gm jirlh`m ghldmghc‚, `itirjdgh qui, h phrtdr `i 8¿ `i ohgidrm `i >2>0 phrh lmjirldhcdzhr m istmqui hgtdam i, `ipmds `dssm, issi prmlissm sirè pmssêvic hpighs lmj h gmvh itdquith. @i uj ch`m, ms gmvms lrdtärdms `i hvhcdháìm `m gêvic `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh htig`ij â gilissd`h`i `m jirlh`m, phsshg`m h lmgsd`irhr thjnäj h lhrah phrldhc i gìm smjigti h pcigh lhrah. @i mutrm, vìm hou`hr m lmgsujd`mr ghc, qui ij suh jhdmrdh ä cidam ij quistùis tälgdlhs i qui gilissdth `i dgemrjháìm `i quhcd`h`i phrh tmjhr h jicfmr `ildsìm `i lmjprh.
M C Y L Ê L \ H E
jm`icm `i rmtháìm xh hprisigth ujh ildïgldh `i < Q/Q i m iqudphjigtm `i rmtháìm vhrdèvic (dgvirtir) hprisigth ujh ildïgldh `i 0,>2 Q/Q. Hjnms sìm lchssdlh`ms gh jisjh –Lchssi H‚, hssdj, gm jmjigtm `h `ildsìm, h jhdmrdh `ms lmgsujd`mris mpthrdh picm prdjidrm jm`icm qui ä uj prm`utm `i jigmr vhcmr, oè qui hjnms pmssuij h jisjh lchssdlháìm `i gêvic –H‚, pmräj, jigms ildigti. Gissi sigtd`m, m RNI gìm vdgfh lujprdg`m sius prdgldphds mnoitdvms, pmds gìm hlmjphgfmu h ivmcuáìm `h tilgmcmadh lmj h lfiah`h `ms iqudphjigtms dgvirtir, i gìm ms hvhcdhvh `h jhgidrh d`ihc, `idxhg`m `i lujprdr siu phpic qui ä hpmdhr m lmgsujd`mr gh `ildsìm `i lmjprh i dgligtdvhr m `isigvmcvdjigtm tilgmcüadlm, issh gmvh pmrthrdh vij `i iglmgtrm h ju`hr issh prètdlh.
I M RNI ä uj prmarhjh picm quhc si htisth m `isijpigfm `ms prm`utms, lmgsd`irhg`m lrdtärdms `i ildïgldh igiraätdlh, ruê`m, utdcdzháìm `i rilursms ghturhds, igtri mutrms. Gm lhsm `ms hphricfms `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m, m prdgldphc lrdtärdm h sir hghcdsh`m `urhgti m igshdm ä h ildïgldh igiraätdlh phrh h rierdairháìm `m hr, sig`m m iqudphjigtm lchssdlh`m lmjm –H‚, phrh ms qui lmgsmjij jigms igiradh i htdgaij h jêgdjh ildïgldh ixdad`h phrh issi gêvic, i hs lchssdlháùis –N‚, –L‚ i –@‚ sulissdvhjigti phrh ms qui lmgsmjij jhds igiradh. H Itdquith Ghldmghc `i Lmgsujm `i Igiradh (IGLI) ä m sicm `i lmgemrjd`h`i qui ivd`igldh m htig`djigtm pmr phrti `m prm`utm hms riqudsdtms isthnicild`ms gm RNI i dgemrjh hm lmgsujd`mr hspiltms ricivhgtis phrh h tmjh`h `i `ildsìm `i lmjprh, dglcudg`m m lmgsujm igiraätdlm mu h lchssdlháìm ij richáìm hm `isijpigfm. Richs riarhs hdg`h ij vdamr, ms hphricfms `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m `m tdpm dgvirtir i `i rmtháìm xh sìm igshdh`ms `h jisjh emrjh i lchssdlh`ms
4 ²L i < i 28 `i ohgidrm `i >2>5, rispiltdvhjigti.
P HNICH 28/28/>2>2>2>2.
P HNICH 28/28/>2>5 HNICH 0 “ G MUM\ MUM\ ÊG@DLI\ H RH^PD^ @I 28/28/>2>5
Emgti? Dgjitrm, >2>2.
2>2, h rilissìm lhush`h pich phg`ijdh `m Lmrmghvêrus (Lmvd`-84) eiz lmj qui m ehturhjigtm `h dg`ÿstrdh nrhsdcidrh `i hquildjigtm, vigtdcháìm, hr-lmg`dldmgh`m i rierdairháìm (FUHL^) riluhssi lirlh `i 0% ij richáìm hm hgm `i >284, emrhj ^$ ,4 ndcfùis `i ehturhjigtm gm hgm phssh`m hgti ms ^$ ndcfùis `m hgm hgtirdmr.
H Edaurh 8 jmstrh h gmvh itdquith, qui phssh h vhcir ij >2>2>2, hs vig`hs `i hr-lmg`dldmgh`m gm siajigtm risd`igldhc tdvirhj qui`h `i 84,>%, jhs ritmjhrhj ij 8,9% gm siaug`m sijistri. H lrdsi ilmgðjdlh qui hssmcmu m phês gm dgêldm `h phg`ijdh ixpcdlh nij h sdtuháìm, pmds, ugd`h hm ehtm `i hs pissmhs lhrij lmggh`hs `igtrm `i lhsh gm lmjiám, gdgauäj pm`dh dgvistdr guj ph`rìm jhds –hctm‚ `i vd`h, jhs, `ipmds, lmj m phsshr `ms jisis ij lmgghjigtm, vdrhj-si –mnrdah`hs‚ h zichr picm lmgemrtm i lmjm`d`h`i ij sius chris. H ixpilthtdvh phrh isti hgm `i >2>8 ä `i qui m jirlh`m ritm ritmrgi rgi hm gêvic `i >284, mlmrrig`m hssdj ujh rilupirháìm gm sitmr `i vig`hs.
H Ms gmvms lrdtärdms isthnicild`ms pich pmrthrdh `m Dgjitrm sìm uj dgligtdvm phrh h dg`ÿstrdh dgvistdr ij prm`utms jhds tilgmcüadlms i igiraitdlhjigti jhds ildigtis. \iaug`m h Hnrhvh, h ju`hgáh `i rujm hou`hrè m jirlh`m h sir lhphz `i d`igtdlhr ms nigieêldms mntd`ms lmj dgvistdjigtms ij tilgmcmadh, hlicirhg`m h dgtrm`uáìm `i prm`utms hcdgfh`ms lmj pchthemrjhs acmnhds `ms prdgldphds ehnrdlhgtis, dglcusdvi hjndigthcjigti jhds siaurms, hm airhr jigms ijdssùis `i lhrnmgm. Lmjm pm`ijms vir quhg`m `dzij qui? [DZ Dssm pm`irè trhzir ahgfms `i islhch lmj tilgmcmadh jhds htuhc, qui ehldcdth h trhgseirïgldh `i jigmris lustms phrh hs sunsd`dèrdhs gm Nrhsdc. Hm jisjm tijpm, hs eènrdlhs `m Rmcm Dg`ustrdhc `i Jhghus (RDJ) vìm lmgsiaudr trhnhcfhr lmj h ixpmrtháìm `issis prm`utms, gìm lhg`m ‖hjhrrh hjhrrh`hs— `hs— hm sdstijh sdstijh `i itd itdquithaij quithaij qui vdshv vdshvh h lrdtärdms sü vècd`ms gm jirlh`m nrhsdcidrm (HN^HUH, >2>2).
M C Y L Ê L \ H E
Edaurh 8 “ Gmvh Itdquith qui phssh h vhcir ij >2>2>2.
L L –Ju`hgáhs h jä`dm i cmgam prhzm vìm trhzir m Nrhsdc jhds prüxdjmm hms gê prüxdj gêvids vids `i phêsis `isig `isigvmcvd`ms, vmcvd`ms, ivdthg`m ivdthg`m uj pmssêvic pmssêvic @ujpdga `m jirlh`m‚.
H phrtdr `i tm`h issh `dslussìm, pirlini-si uj arhg`i hvhgám gm sitmr nrhsdcidrm `i hr lmg`dldmgh`m, hghc, ij >2>225), JNH ij Aistìm Hjndigthc i Giaüldms `m h\itmr `i Igiradh (>224) i Jistrh`m ijhcjigti Ldïgldhs Igiradh pic pich Ygdv Ygdvirs irsd`h d`h`i `i `iIcätrdlh \ìm Rhu Rhucm cm (Y\R (Y\R) ) (>28 (>284 i hs jicfmris prètdlhs ij A@ LMCYGH IGI^ADH IÜCDLH? Gmvd`h`is smnri ms lirtdedlh`ms `i igiradh rigmvèvic LMCYGH IGI^ADH \MCH^? Ahrahcms i vhgthaigs `i ujh tig`ïgldh drrivirsêvic
HRMDM
EH\LÊLYCM R^MPIÁÌM LMGP^H @I\LH^AH\ HPJM\EÄ^DLH\ IJ \D\PIJH\ EMPMUMCPHDLM\ Rmr ^mghc`m Khslfir*
“ Ixijpcm `i dgsthcháùis emtmvmcthdlhs emtmvmcthdlhs lmj chám `i dg`uáìm i lmj chám `i dg`uáìm jdgdjdzh`m. Gisth dcustrháìm, m chám `i dg`uáìm ä emrjh`m picms lmg`utmris LL i m lmg`utmr `i htirrhjigtm.
. Ä prmeissmr `ms @iphrthjigtms `i Igaigfhrdh Icätrdlh, Igaigfhrdh Icitrðgdlh i Igaigfhrdh Hirmgèutdlh `h RYL-JA. Jijnrm `h lmjdssìm `h HNGP LI-2
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