2018 7 27 7 42 718 Unit 4 Writing p1 Ae1

 

 

_K^Y ;7 R^EYEDB QDEY 97 R^EYEDB K^BQMADYKYEXA AZZKUZ  ‚  _K^Y  _K^Y ;

Ed kd avaryiky setuktefd, yfu mky try tf jfdvedja k hreadi tf ckva `udjc fr ieddar kt k Xeatdkmasa rastkurkdt edstaki fh kt k Jcedasa fda. Fr yfu mky try tf tk`l yfur pkradts p kradts edtf nuyedb k wceta mftfrnela edstaki fh k rai fda. Ed k jf``aba jfmpfsetefd fr spaajc j`kss, tca edstrujtfr mky mkla kd kssebdmadt ed wcejc yfu must suppfrt fr fppfsa tca usa fh duj`akr adarby tf prfiuja a`ajtrejety. Ed tca nusedass wfr`i, eh yfu sa`` Leif―s eja jrakm, yfu, fh jfursa wkdt yfur justfmars tf nuy yfur prfiujts edstaki fh k jfmpatetfr―s. jf mpatetfr―s. Ycarahfra, yfu we`` try tf jfdvedja yfur justfmars tckt yfur prfiujts kra tca nast fd tca mkrlat. Ed kdy setuktefd, eh yfu strfdb`y kbraa fr ieskbraa fd kd essua, yfu we`` wkdt yfur rakiar fr `estadar tf kjjapt yfur pfedt fh veaw. Yces udet fd Rretedb _arsukseva Asskys Assk ys bevas yfu k jckdja tf emprfva yfur kne`ety tf prasadt k pfedt fh veaw wetc jfdvedjedb aveiadja, tf jck``adba kd k`tardkta pfedt fh veaw, tf hfjus fd tca tfpej kdi kvfei erra`avkdjeas, kdi tf jfmmudejkta ed k sty`a tckt es aksy tf hf``fw kdi jfcaseva. K`sf, vkrefus axarjesas a xarjesas bevad ed tca prkjteja kdi udet kssebdmadt adkn`a yfu tf usa Adb`esc kjjurkta`y, kpprfprekta`y, kdi ahhajteva`y.

E. EDY^FIQJYEFD YF _A^ZQKZEFD  ;. Rckt es parsuksefd6  _arsuksefd  es kd kjtevety wa prkjteja avary iky7 jfdvedjedb yfur pkradts tf k``fw yfu tf bf fut wetc yfur nfy/ber`hreadi, parsukiedb k scfp kssestkdt tf `fwar k preja, jfdvedjedb k hreadi tf bf tf tca jedamk. Rrettad parsuksefd es sfmatemas s fmatemas mfra iehheju`t najkusa tca rakiar ifas dft saa yfur hkjek` axprassefd, cakr yfur vfeja, fr axpareadja yfur prasadja. Hfr tces raksfd, r aksfd, wretedb  parsukseva fr krbumadtkteva asskys iamkdi jkrahu` p`kddedb, kdk`yses fh yfur yfur kuieadja, kdi suhhejeadt aveiadja tf prfva tf yfur rakiar tckt yfur fpedefd es vk`ei7 tckt es, es , yfur fpedefd es wfrtcwce`a kdi scfu`i na jfdseiarai. >. Bfk`s fh parsuksefd 

Ycara kra iehharadt bfk`s fh parsuksefd7 - Yf prasadt kd fpedefd tf tca rakiar - Yf axp`ked, j`krehy, kdi e``ustrkta tckt fpedefd - Yf parsukia tca rakiar tckt yfur fpedefd es vk`ei + Yf mfva tca rakiar tf kjtefd< + Yf jfdvedja tca rakiar tckt tca fpedefd es jfrrajt fr, hfr k cfste`a kuieadja, + Yf parsukia tca rakiar tckt yfur fpedefd es kt `akst wfrtc jfdseiaredb. Fpedefds must na suppfrtai ny aveiadja7 hkjts, axkmp`as, pcysejk` iasjreptefd, iasjr eptefd, kdi/fr parsfdk` axpareadja. Cfw mujc prffh es dajasskry iapadis fd yfur kuieadja7 - Eh yfur rakiars we`` na hreadis hre adis kdi ra`ktevas wcf we`` kjjapt yfur fpedefd najkusa tca tcay y `ela yfu, yfu we`` dft daai mujc aveiadja tf parsukia tcam. - Eh yfur rakiars we`` na pafp`a wcf kbraa wetc yfur fpedefd, yf yfu u we`` dft daai mujc aveiadja,

 

  kdi yfu we`` dft daai tf edj`uia kdy fppfsedb veaw. Fh jfursa, tcad yfu we`` na wretedb  prfpkbkdik7 fda-seiai parsuksefd hfr pafp`a pafp`a wcf kbraa wetc yfu. - Eh yfur kuieadja we`` jfdtked pafp`a wcf mebct dft kbraa wetc yfur fpedefd, tcad tca stradbtc kdi vk`eiety fh yfur aveiadja must na sebdehejkdt. Ycara kra iehharadt ledis fh aveiadja kvke`kn`a tf tca wretars7 - parsfdk` fnsarvktefd/axpareadjas fh tca wretar - ldfw`aiba fh tca wretar -- edtarveaws wetc kutcfreteas fd tca tfpej rasakrjc mktarek`s EE. _@KDDEDB KD K^BQMADYKYEXA AZZKU 

Ed friar tf p`kd k parsukseva assky, yfu scfu`i hf``fw tca tad mked staps `estai na`fw7 ;. Iajeia upfd k tfpej.  

A.b.7 Yca ieskivkdtkbas fh Kmarejkd hffi hfr hfraebd stuiadts. >. Mkla k `est fh krbumadts.  

Zedja avary krbumadt (jfdtrfvarsy) cks twf seias, yfu scfu`i na kwkra fh nftc seias. A.b.7 Kmarejkd hffi es7 ;. quejl >. aksy tf hex

;. tksta`ass >. dft hrasc :. tff stkrjcy 9. tff swaat 1. tff sk`ty

Dfta7 Yca seia fh tca krbumadt tckt es yfur fpedefd we`` fhtad na `fdbar, najkusa tckt es wckt yfu wkdt tf ampckseza. :. Iajeia fd k tadtkteva tcases. 

Yces es ifda nksai fd tca edhfrmktefd yfu ckva. A.b.7 Hfr hfraebd stuiadts, Kmarejkd hffi es k prfn`am7 et es tksta`ass kdi dft vary dutretefus. Dfta7 Kd krbumadt (jfdtrfvarsy) must ckva twf seias< tckt es, tca krbumadt must na kn`a tf na kdswarai nftc ‐ yas  yas”” kdi ‐df ‐df”” ny iehharadt mamnars fh tca kuieadja. Yf tast yfur tfpej, try tca ‐k`tcfubc-najkusa k`tcfubc-najkusa”” sadtadja. Eh yfur tfpej cks twf seias, tces sadtadja we`` beva tca nksej p`kd hfr yfur assky. Ufu mky usa tces tast sadtadja ks yfur tcases stktamadt, fr yfu mky hfrm kdftcar tcases.

A.b.7 K`tcfubc Kmarejkd hffi es quejl kdi aksy tf prapkra, et es dft ks bffi ks hffi hrfm my jfudtry najkusa Kmarejkd hffi es tksta`ass, dft fhtad hrasc, kdi cks tff mujc subkr kdi stkrjc tf  na tru`y dutretefus. 9. Za`ajt k suetkn`a dumnar fh strfdb krbumadts, tca strfdbast yfu ckva fd yfur `est.  

 

  Yca dumnar fh krbumadts we`` iapadi fd tca assky kssebdmadt, tca kuieadja kdi tca kvke`kn`a edhfrmktefd. 1. Frbkdeza yfur krbumadts ed friar fh empfrtkdja kdi stradbtc.  

Ufu scfu`i jfdseiar yfur kuieadja wcad jcffsedb yfur krbumadts7 es akjc krbumadt edtarastedb, vk`ukn`a kdi vk`ei hfr tckt kuieadja6 Krrkdbedb tca krbumadts hrfm tca `akst `aks t tf tca mfst empfrtkdt mky ca`p nue`i yfur krbumadt. 8. Qsa suppfrtedb mktarek` tf prfva tckt akjc fh yfur krbumadts es strfdb, vekn`a, kdi jfrrajt. 

Zuppfrtedb tajcdequas ed krbumadtktefd kra tca skma ks tcay kra ed axpfsetfry asskys7 assk ys7 hkjts, axkmp`as, pcysejk` iasjreptefd, parsfdk` axpareadja …  …  2. Za`ajt matcfis fh iava`fpmadt tckt we`` prasadt yfur krbumadts ed tca strfdbast pfssen`a wky hfr yfur rakiar. 

Matcfis fh iava`fpmadt edj`uia iahedetefd, jfmpkresfd-jfdtrkst, prfjass, j`kssehejktefd, kdi jkusa-ahhajt. 3. @ffl kt tca jfudtarkrbumadts.  

Eh yfu if dft scfw kd kwkradass fh tca jfudtarkrbumadts, rakiars mky tcedl aetcar tckt yfu ckva dft axp`frai tca sungajt tcfrfubc`y, fr tckt yfu kra prasadtedb fda-seiai prfpkbkdik, khrkei tf kimet tca jfudtarkrbumadts. 5. Kdtejepkta fppfsetefd 

Ufu jkd usa fda fh tca hf``fwedb trkdsetefds tf edtrfiuja tca jfudtarkrbumadt7 - Zfma pafp`a tcedl / haa` tckt …  …  - K`tcfubc mkdy pafp`a haa` tckt …  …  - Et es j`kemai tckt…  tckt…  - Fppfdadts fh tces pfsetefd krbua tckt…  tckt…  - Kdftcar krbumadt kbkedst S es …  …  - Jretejs fh tces pfsetefd pfedt fut f ut tckt …  …  - Et mky na fngajtai tckt…  tckt…  - Zavark` quastefds jfma tf medi …  …  - Kt tces pfedt, fda mky wfdiar …  …  - Jartked fngajtefds must, fh jfursa, na jfdseiarai …  …  A.b.7 Fh jfursa tcara kra sfma kivkdtkbas tf Kmarejkd hffi. Herst, kdi parckps mfst empfrtkdt hfr stuiadt, Kmarejkd hffi es badark``y badark`` y quejl kdi aksy tf  prapkra. ;?. ^ahuta tca jfudtarkrbumadts.

Ufu must iak` wetc mkgfr fngajtefds tf yfur pfsetefd, aetcar ny iesprfvedb tcam fr ny jfdjaiedb tcaer trutc, scfwedb tckt tcay kra dft ks strfdb fr vk`ei ks yfur krbumadts. Ufur rahutktefd must if fda fh tca hf``fwedb7

 

  - jfrrajt yfur fppfdadt―s hkjts7 tca jfudtarkrbumadt es udtrua/edjfrrajt.   - iady tckt tca jfudtarkrbumadt es ra`ktai tf tca tfpej7 erra`avkdt.   - jfmprfmesa7 k`tcfubc tca jfudtarkrbumadt es trua, et es dft adfubc a dfubc tf fvarjfma yfur krbumadts7 edsuhhejeadt.  A.b.7 Nut k`tcfubc Kmarejkd hffi es hkst kdi aksy tf hex, settedb ifwd tf k ieddar tckt tkstas tks tas `ela jkrinfkri kdi es dft vary dutretefus mklas aktedb dft vary wfrtcwce`a. (tajcdequa7 edsuhhejeadt)  @estai na`fw kra sfma usahu` strujturas hfr yfur rahutktefd7 - Rce`a et es trua tckt … E na`eava …   - Iaspeta tca hkjt tckt me``efds me` `efds fh pafp`a iea avary yakr hrfm `udb jkdjar, my pafp`a tcedl et es jff` tf smfla. - K`tcfubc mky pafp`a tcedl t cedl tckt …, E haa` tckt …  …  - K`tcfubc et es fhtad skei tckt …, ed hkjt tca fppfseta es trua.   - Et es udifuntai`y trua tckt … Cfwavar…  Cfwavar…  - Et es fhtad krbuai tckt… Cfwavar, et es …  …  - Zfma pafp`a sky tckt … Ycay j`kem … Cfwavar, E haa` …  …  - Zuppfrtars fh tces veawpfedt veawpfedt sky tckt … Cfwavar, et es …  …  EEE. FQY@EDA HF^ KD K^BQMADYKYEXA K^BQMADYKYEXA AZZKU 

Na`fw kra tcraa nksej fut`edas hfr krbumadtkteva asskys. Dfteja tckt ed akjc fut`eda, fda fr mfra fh tca nfiy pkrkbrkpcs jkd na fptefdk` (tckt es, yfu we`` jcffsa aetcar tf t f usa fr dft tf usa tckt pkrkbrkpc). Yca dumnar fh nfiy pkrkbrkpcs we`` w e`` na iatarmedai n ny y cfw neb yfur kssebdmadt es. ;.

Fut`eda K E. Edtrfiujtefd (+ tcases stktamadt fh edtadt) EE. Nkjlbrfudi pkrkbrkpc knfut tfpej (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`) EEE. _rf krbumadt #; (waklast krbumadt tckt suppfrts yfur fpedefd) EX. _rf krbumadt #> (strfdbar krbumadt tckt suppfrts yfur fpedefd) X. _rf krbumadt #: ( strfdbast krbumadt tckt suppfrts yfur fpedefd)

XE. Jfd (Jfudtar krbumadts kdi yfur rahutktefd) XEE. Zf`utefd tf tca prfn`am prf n`am (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`) XEEE. Jfdj`usefd (summkry + sf`utefd, praiejtefd, fr rajfmmadiktefd)

>. 

Fut`eda N E. Edtrfiujtefd (+ tcases stktamadt fh edtadt) EE. Nkjlbrfudi pkrkbrkpc knfut tfpej (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`) EEE. Jfd (Jfudtar krbumadts kdi yfur rahutktefd) EX. _rf krbumadt #; (waklast krbumadt tckt suppfrts yfur fpedefd) X. _rf krbumadt #> (strfdbar krbumadt tckt suppfrts yfur fpedefd) XE. _rf krbumadt #: ( strfdbast krbumadt tckt suppfrts yfur fpedefd) XEE. Zf`utefd tf tca prfn`am prf n`am (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`)

 

  XEEE. Jfdj`usefd (summkry + sf`utefd, praiejtefd, fr rajfmmadiktefd)

:.

Fut`eda J E. Edtrfiujtefd (+ tcases stktamadt fh edtadt) EE. Nkjlbrfudi pkrkbrkpc knfut tfpej (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`)

EEE. EX. Jfudtarkrbumadt Jfudtarkrbumadt #; #> + + _rf _rf krbumadt krbumadt tf tf rahuta rahuta et et X. Jfudtarkrbumadt #: + _rf krbumadt tf rahuta et XE. Jfudtarkrbumadt #9 + _rf krbumadt tf rahuta et (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`) XEE. Zf`utefd tf tca prfn`am (fptefdk`7 iapadis fd kssebdmadt, kuieadja, kdi kvke`kn`a mktarek`) XEEE. Jfdj`usefd (summkry + sf`utefd, praiejtefd, fr rajfmmadiktefd)

Dfta7 Jcffsedb wcejc fut`eda tf usa hfr yfur krbumadtkteva assky we`` iapadi fd tca mktarek`. Hfr axkmp`a, eh yfu ckva pkrk``a` kdi aquk` dumnars fh prf kdi jfd krbumadts, kr bumadts, yfu mebct jcffsa Fut`eda J. Eh, cfwavar, yfu ckva fd`y fda fr twf jfudtarkrbumadts, yfu we`` jcffsa Fut`eda K fr _`kd N. Ed kiietefd, yfu must jfdseiar tca kuieadja. Eh yfu tcedl tckt puttedb tca jfudtarkrbumadts herst kdi tcad nue`iedb tca prf krbumadts we`` rasu`t ed k strfdbar pfseteva rakjtefd hrfm tca kuieadja, tcad yfu scfu`i jcffsa Fut`eda N. Eh, edstaki, yfu na`eava tckt puttedb yfur jfudtarkrbumadts dakr tca adi fh tca pkpar wfu`i na mfra sujjasshu`, tcad yfu scfu`i jcffsa Fut`eda K.

A.b.7 Na`fw kra tcraa fut`edas ny stuiadt wretars hfr tcraa parsukseva asskys. Ztuiy akjc fut`eda jkrahu``y. K.  Zf`kr Adarby7 Yca Adarby fh tca Hutura   _rf Jfd - sfurja (tca Zud) es hraa - jfst`y tf nue`i k sf`kr adarby systam - p`adtehu` kdi edaxckusten`a - `fw ahhejeadjy jfmpkrai tf hfsse` hua`s - skha, dfdpf``utedb - daais fd`y semp`a tajcdf`fby

Kuieadja7 j`kssmktas _urpfsa7 tf aiujkta kdi parsukia tca kuieadja knfut tca jfmedb empfrtkdja fh sf`kr adarby Yajcdequas fh suppfrt7 hkjts, axkmp`as, pcysejk` iasjreptefd Krbumadtkteva tcases7 K`tcfubc sf`kr adarby systams kra edetek``y jfst`y kdi prasadt`y ckva ra`kteva`y `fw ahhejeadjy, wa daai tf iava`fp sf`kr adarby najkusa tca sfurja es hraa, edaxckusten`a, skha, kdi daais fd`y semp`a tajcdf`fby. Fut`eda K 

E. Edtrfiujtefd7 axp`kdktefd fh adarby prfn`am EE. Nkjlbrfudi pkrkbrkpc7 knfut sfurjas fh adarby EEE. _rf #;7 rasfurja fh tca sud es hraa, p`adtehu`, kdi edaxckusten`a EX. _rf #>7 skha kdi dfdpf``utedb X. _rf #:7 semp`a tajcdf`fby XE. Jfd7 jfst kdi ahhejeadjy quastefds (scfrt- vs. `fdb-tarm jfsts kdi ahhejeadjy< edetek`

 

  edvastmadt cebc, nut avadtuk``y mujc `ass axpadseva< rasakrjc we`` edjraksa ahhejeadjy) (tajcdequa7 jfudtarkrbumadt es edsuhhejeadt) XEE. Jfdj`usefd7 nreah summkry p`us tca sf`utefd tf tca adarby prfn`ams (sf`kr adarby) kdi k rajfmmadiktefd tf pursua rasakrjc ed sf`kr adarby tajcdf`fby. N.  Edsuhhejeadt _un`ej Yrkdspfrtktefd 

_rf

Jfd

-- fd`y 9 scfrt rfutas fda nus hfr akjc rfuta ruds fd`y 8 k.m. tf wetc 8 p.m. - nusas fd`y jfma fdja kd cfur - sjcaiu`as usuk``y dft hf``fwai

-- deja, ca`phu` nus irevarsstuiadts hraa hkra hfr udevarsety

Kuieadja7 Ierajtfr fh _un`ej Yrkdspfrtktefd _urpfsa7 tf jckdba kdi axpkdi tca nus systam Yajcdequas fh suppfrt7 hkjts, axkmp`as, parsfdk` axpareadjas Krbumadtkteva tcases7 K`tcfubc tces tfwd cks k takm fh deja, iavftai nus irevars,, kdi tca  nus hkra hfr stuiadts es hraa, tces jety daais tf axpkdi kdi jckdba jckdba ets pun`ej trkdspfrtktefd ed friar tf nattar sarva tca jetezads. Fut`eda N 

E. Edtrfiujtefd7 stktamadt fh tca jfdtrfvarsy + tcases stktamadt fh fpedefd EE. Jfd7 deja irevars kdi hraa hkra hfr udevarsety stuiadts (trua nut dft ra`avkdt) EEE. _rf #;7 `emetai sarveja mklas et iehheju`t tf bf kdywcara7 9 scfrt rfutas kdi fd`y ; nus hfr akjc rfuta. EX. _rf #>7 `emetai tema pfsas mkdy prfn`am (8k.m. tf 8p.m.) X. _rf #:7 `emetai sjcaiu`as (nusas fd`y jfma fdja kd cfur) kdi sjcaiu`as kra dft k`wkys k`w kys hf``fwai. XE. Zf`utefd7 tf astkn`esc hkras hfr stuiadts kdi tf rkesa hkras hfr avaryfda avar yfda ed friar tf emprfva sarveja ed tcraa kraks7 mfra nusas, mfra rfutas, kdi nattar sjcaiu`as. XEE. Jfdj`usefd7 k summkry wetc ampckses fd tca sf`utefd kdi k praiejtefd (eh emprfvamadts kra dft mkia). J.  Zcfu`i Ra Jut Yraas Fr Dft6 

_rf - temnar kd ediespadskn`a mktarek` hfr mfiard `eha - hfrasts kra radawkn`a - sa`ajteva juttedb kdi rahfrastktefd sf`vas prfn`ams - kpprfprekta mkdkbamadt k``fws tftk` hfrast `kdi tf ramked stkn`a - ckrvastedb traas es cak`tcy hfr tca hfrast< kjtuk``y edjraksas prfiujtevety

Jfd - ckrmhu` tf tca adverfdmadt - jkusas arfsefd kdi `kdis`eias - daai tf prasarva hfrasts dkturk``y - iastrfys dkturk` rasfurjas - hfrasts iastrfyai, ub`y

Kuieadja7 badark` pun`ej _urpfsa7 tf aiujkta axp`ked tca jfdtrfvarsy kdi tf parsukia tca kuieadja tckt ckrvastedb traas jkd na adverfdmadtk``y sfudi Yajcdequas fh suppfrt7 hkjts, axkmp`as Krbumadtkteva tcases7 K`tcfubc prasarvktefdests na`eava tckt juttedb traas adverfdmadt kdi iastrfys vk`ukn`a dkturk` rasfurjas, jfdsarvktefdests kdickrms hfrast tca mkdkbars  na`eava tckt sa`ajteva ckrvastedb es kjtuk``y bffi hfr hfrasts kdi hfr pafp`a najkusa et edjraksas prfiujtevety kdi prfveias gfns kdi temnar.

 

  Fut`eda J  E. Edtrfiujtefd7 nksej jfdtrfvarsy axp`kedai + tcases stktamadt fh fpedefd EE. Jfd #; + _rf7 hfrasts iastrfyai (dft wetc bffi mkdkbamadt< rahfrastktefd mklas hfrasts radawkn`a) EEE. Jfd #> + _rf7 jkusas arfsefd kdi `kdis`eias (ldfw`aibakn`a hfrast mkdkbamadt ckrvasts jkrahu``y< sa`ajteva juttedb pravadts) EX. Jfd #: + _rf7 iastrfys dkturk` rasfurjas (temnar kd ediespadskn`a edie spadskn`a mktarek` hfr mfiard `eha< hfrast ediustry prfveias gfns) X. Jfd #9 + _rf7 ckrmhu` tf tca adverfdmadt (bffi mkdkbamadt kjtuk``y ca`phu` tf hfrast< edjraksas prfiujtevety) XE. Jfdj`usefd7 jfmprfmesa wetc rajfmmadiktefds7 tcara scfu`i na `emetktefds kdi stkdikris hfr ckrvastedb traas< must ckva kpprfprekta hfrast mkdkbamadt sf tckt avaryfda nadahets.