2016S2 MARK1012 Quiz 1 Master Solutions
March 20, 2017 | Author: Ruben Collins | Category: N/A
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QUIZ 1 MASTER SOLUTION SET SET 1 Question 1 (6 marks)
Read the Minicase in the box and answer the five questions underneath the box.
Minicase On every Monday morning five friends discuss their businesses over a cup of morning coffee. Arabella is the plant manager at DressRight and believed her constant improvements in clothing quality created value. Cordelia is plant manager at AllTech and believed that the efficiency of his operation created value for his customers. Emma is campaign manager for a Labour candidate and pushed hard to get people to vote. Sarah is a manager with Toys Town and advocated an "outside‐in" approach to meeting customer needs. Tanya has earned a reputation in managing a government sponsored drug rehabilitation centre that tries to seek a balance between a drug addict’s short‐run wants and his/her long‐run benefit.
i)
Emma's marketing management philosophy is most closely aligned with which of the following? Selling concept
ii) Cordelia is most closely aligned with which marketing management philosophy? Production concept.
iii) Arabella’s perspective fits best with which marketing management philosophy? The Product concept
iv) Sarah's perspective is most closely aligned with which marketing management philosophy? The marketing concept.
v) Tanya’s management philosophy is most closely aligned with which concept” The societal marketing concept.
vi) A non‐profit organisation has approached one of the people listed in the box to become their chief marketing officer. Who could be that likely person? Tanya or Sarah Question 2 (6 marks) What are the basic characteristics of ‘Question Marks’? What type of strategy should a company use to manage its ‘Question Marks’? What should management do with their SBUs identified as ‘Question Marks’?
Answer:
Question marks refer to SBUs that have low relative market share in high-growth markets. They require a lot of cash to hold their position. The company can invest to build its share. Each SBU has a life cycle. As time passes, SBUs change their positions in the growth-share matrix. If proper and timely ‘Investment is made, ‘Question marks’ may become ‘Stars’; if not, they may become ‘Dogs”.
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Question 3 (6 marks) The marketing manager wants to find out sales of each of the company’s product for the past month and 12 month period and wants to compare these sales to the same periods over the past five years. How could a marketing information system assist?
Answer:
A marketing information system is a process that first determines what information marketing managers need and then gathers, sorts, analyses, stores, and distributes relevant and timely marketing information.
One major source of data in an MIS is internal company data such as sales data. The company’s marketing information system would be able to access sales data, sort for the particular time periods required and prepare a report addressing the specific information needs of the marketing manager.
Question 4 (6 marks)
Using the food industry as an example, briefly explain the potential influence of culture on consumer behaviour. Answer:
Culture is the value, beliefs customs, and tastes valued or practiced by a group of people. It is what identifies the group as a separate entity. Cultures have their own rituals and holidays which have specific activities and products associated with them e.g. Christmas and the Western tradition of giving presents. Cultural values are deeply held beliefs about right and wrong ways to live. Food represents a significant expression of culture e.g. kiwi pavlova for dessert; Muslims not eating non‐Halal food, Jewish people not eating non‐kosher food. Question 5 (12 marks: This question is compulsory)
Alice Saunders; managing director of an adventure tourism company plans to develop specific tour packages for senior citizens, families with more than three children, all under 2, and women over 50. What criteria should she use to evaluate each segment?
Answer:
Each segment would need to be evaluated as to whether there were real differences in its needs or wants – for example, non‐English speakers would need a tour guide who could explain safety procedures and attractions in a language they could understand. The company would need to be able to measure the size and purchasing power of each segment and then whether the segment would be profitable enough now and in the future – 2 | P a g e
for example, the number of families with three children all under the age of two would likely be quite small and potentially unprofitable. The company would need to determine if there were appropriate forms of marketing communication to reach each segment – for example, are there specific magazines or websites aimed at women over 50. Finally, the company would need to ensure that they had the resources and expertise to serve each segment better than competitors – for example, having staff that speak a range of languages.
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2
SET
Question 1 (6 marks)
Travel World is considering buying a banner ad to be run at the top of a Web site featuring discounts on air flights and car rentals. The Web site is run by a company called Carry All. Is there exchange potential in this example? Answer:
There are two parties here, and both seem to have something the other wants. Travel World wants a way to get its name and product in front of people who are contemplating travelling. Carry All wants the advertising dollars. Either Carry All or Travel World can reject the deal.
The exchange potential in this instance is controlled by whether both parties are able to deliver the desired product, and whether each party believes it is desirable to do business with the other. The image of one may be counter‐productive to the image cultivated by the other. Question 2 (6 marks)
What do SWOT and PEST stand for? Would you recommend that fast food company Subway conduct a SWOT or a PEST analysis? Explain your answer. Answer: Marketers need to undertake thorough analysis of the market and its environment to understand them. The most popular analysis is known as SWOT which is used to evaluate the company’s strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T).
Strengths include capabilities, resources, and positive situational factors.
Weaknesses include negative internal factors and negative situational factors.
Opportunities are favourable external factors.
Threats are unfavourable external factors.
For analysing the macro‐environmental factors affecting strategy development, marketers generally undertake PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis) or PESTLE analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological, legal and environmental analysis).
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Question 3 (6 marks)
List the different types of business buying situations. Explain the buying type illustrated in the following scenario:
Alpha Inc., a large multinational employing about 200 people, has been regularly buying printers, copiers and papers from Xerox. Alpha now decides to buy a multitasking machine offered by Xerox that prints, copies, e‐mails, scans, and faxes. Who is (are) responsible for making this decision
Answer: The three B2B buying situations are straight rebuys, modified rebuys, and new‐task buys. A straight rebuy is a routine purchase of items that a B2B customer regularly needs e.g. pens and paper. The buyer has purchased the same items many times before and routinely reorders them when supplies are low. A modified rebuy occurs when a firm wants to shop around for suppliers with better prices, quality, or delivery times ‐ e.g. cleaning services. This situation also can occur when the organisation has new needs for products it already buys. A new‐task buy requires the buyer to start from scratch to gather information on purchase specifications e.g. raw materials for a new product line.
The B2B situation regarding a firm purchasing a new Xerox machine would be a modified rebuy. The firm has already purchased photocopiers. This purchase now involves a machine with different features than one previously purchased.
For a large multinational company, the buying is most likely done by the company’s ‘Buying Centre’. Question 4(6 marks) Read the Minicase in the box and answer the six questions underneath the box.
Minicase: Mr. Mirza, an entrepreneur wants to open a restaurant in Campbelltown, Sydney that features the finest in Indian and middle‐eastern delicacies. To determine the feasibility of his restaurant, he hired a marketing research consulting firm. The consultants studied all the market information available and determined that consumers aged 30‐45 who love spicy cuisine were most interested in the proposed restaurant. In examining the restaurant environment, the consultants found the west side of the suburb offered the best options for opening the restaurant. Mr. Mirza was told the biggest obstacle in opening the restaurant related to obtaining the necessary permits from the city and state.
i)
The group of consumers identified by the consultants as most likely to visit the new restaurant is called a: target market
ii)
Mr. Mirza is developing a marketing plan that must cover the first five years of the restaurant's business. He must be sure to consider which of the uncontrollable factors in his plan? Demographic factors
iii)
Describing the market for Mirza 's new restaurant in terms of ages of the members of its target market, is referring to _____ characteristics. Demographic factors
iv)
Mr. Mirza knows the concept of his restaurant is likely to be successful, mainly because of: the growing importance of multiculturalism in the Sydney suburb
v)
The uncontrollable environmental factors Mr. Mirza faces in terms of obtaining permits for the new restaurant represent: political and legal factors
vi)
What function the marketing research consulting firm hired by Mr. Mirza is performing for him? facilitating function. 5 | P a g e
Question 5 (12 marks – This Question is compulsory)
On the recommendation of a renowned consulting firm in the hospitality industry, a family friendly vacation resort decided to adopt a family life cycle (FLC) based segmentation approach. They launched a series of new commercials showing a variety of activities and facilities such as different swimming pools for babies and adult swimmers/divers, one restaurant specialising in fast food and another restaurant catering to individuals preferring a gourmet menu and small gymnasium for the young.
What is FLC based segmentation? What could be the major reason prompting the consultant to recommend this approach to the resort? Explain your answer. Answer:
The family life cycle is a series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children. The FLC is a valuable basis for segmenting markets, because families' needs, income, resources, and expenditures are different in each life cycle stage. Marketers target people in different stages of the family life cycle by noting spending needs. Young singles and marrieds buy more cars, furniture, appliances, and vacations. To them life is fun; they like gourmet food and gym. Marrieds with children buy more toys, baby products, and appliances and vacations. However, when they buy vacations, they want to get the most out of the money spent.to attract such customers, hospitality industry must provide facilities these customers will expect. Middle‐ageds buy more luxury items; home improvements and vacations preferring gourmet menue and tranquillity. These are the main reasons that have prompted the consultant to come up with his recommendations.
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3
SET
Question 1: (6 marks) What are the basic characteristics of ‘Cash Cows’? What type of strategy should a company use to manage its cash cows? What could happen to ‘Cash Cows’ if the strategy fails?
Answer:
Cash cows refer to low‐growth, high‐share businesses or products. They produce a lot of cash for the company. The company can milk its Cash Cows’ short‐term cash flow, or harvest. Each SBU has a life cycle; with the passage of time an SBU’s positions in the growth‐share matrix may change. Managers must remember that Cash cows can become Stars as well as Dogs depending on the situation of market growth rate as well as relative marketing share. As such they shoud handle these SBUs carefully.
Question 2: (6 marks)
Red Rooster is considering where to locate a new outlet in a new, but fast‐growing suburb of Sydney. What type of research would be appropriate for Red Rooster? Why? Answer:
In selecting a site for a new outlet, Red Rooster needs information on population density in different areas, incomes, ages, ethnic characteristics, family sizes, locations of competing fast‐food restaurants, and traffic patterns at different times of day. In a fast‐growing suburb, census data might be too outdated to be useful, but most of the information Red Rooster needs could still be obtained from secondary sources, such as the local chamber of commerce or utility companies. Red Rooster might need to commission traffic studies in different parts of the suburb to help locate a specific worthwhile site. Question 3 (6 marks)
Which of the available segmentation approaches do you think is most compatible with the spirit of the marketing concept? Defend your choice. Answer:
(1) Certainly, all segmentation variables offer advantages and demographic variables will typically be used in conjunction with any type of segmentation variable chosen. (2) Benefits sought would, however, be philosophically MOST consistent with the marketing concept. (3) According to the marketing concept, all the firm has to sell is satisfaction or benefits. (4) The use of benefits desired to segment the market would be a logical means of operationalising the marketing concept. 7 | P a g e
Question 4: (6. marks)
Read the Minicase in the box and answer the six questions underneath the box.
Mini‐Case: Jill is considering a day‐care facility for her five‐week‐old son, Jonathon. She has been visiting day‐care centres for the past two weeks and has interviewed the caregivers at eight different centres. It is extremely important to Jill that Jonathon be stimulated intellectually and provided nutritional diets. After considering all the centres she visited, Jill chooses PerfectCare. While she is quite pleased with her choice, she does have second thoughts and continues to wonder whether she made the correct decision. i)
What does the day‐care facility offers that Jill is interested in? Service
ii)
Jill's visits to the day‐care centres and interviews with the caregivers represent which step of the consumer decision process: evaluation of alternatives
iii)
Jill's uncertainty about whether she made the correct decision and the feelings that go along with this uncertainty are called: cognitive dissonance
iv)
Jill's selection of a day‐care facility represents which type of consumer buying decision: extensive decision making
v)
Jill spent a significant amount of time and effort in selecting the day‐care centre for Jonathon. This suggests the centre is a _____ product for Jill. High involvement
vi)
Shannon, Jill's best friend, recommended PerfectCare because she takes her daughter there. Shannon is acting as a(n): opinion leader
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Question 5 (12 marks‐ This question is compulsory) =
Explain with suitable marketplace examples the concept of ‘value’ from the perspective of marketers, buyers, sellers and the society.
Answer:
Value refers to the tangible and intangible benefits consumers receive from purchasing and using products e.g. particular product features or social benefits. These benefits are communicated by marketers through the value proposition.
The challenge to marketers is to create value propositions that are more attractive than their competitors, remembering that ‘value is in the eye of the beholder’ ‐ in other words, the consumer decides whether what is offered is of value to them.
From the buyer’s perspective, products have to provide sufficient value for what must be exchanged e.g. time and money.
From the seller’s perspective, exchanges must be profitable. Other types of value include prestige amongst competitors, returns to shareholders, creation of competitive advantage and development of long term customer relationships.
From a societal perspective, marketing activities either add or take away value e.g. adding value through sustainable marketing activities or taking away value by marketing products that have a negative impact on society e.g. tobacco.
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SET
4
Question 1 (6 marks)
Why must marketers be aware of changes in the economic and technological environments? Illustrate using the mobile phone industry.
Answer: The state of the economy (recession, inflation, etc.) in which marketers operate is vital to the success of the business. When marketers assess the economic environment they evaluate the factors that influence consumer and business buying patterns, including confidence in the economy. Marketers need to respond to various states of economy differently. Similarly, technology has great impact on marketing activities; changes in technology can radically transform industries and affect consumers’ ability to purchase In recessionary or inflationary times, consumers will likely not purchase the latest mobile phone or mobile services, content to remain with what they currently have and can afford. The mobile phone industry relies on advances in technology to create new products and services e.g. 3G phones, Bluetooth etc.
Question 2 (6 marks)
Kellogg wants to investigate the degree of influence young children have on parent's decisions to buy breakfast foods. What type of research would be appropriate in this situation? Why? Answer
In investigating the effect that young children have on parents’ purchase decisions, Kellogg might use focus groups, surveys, observation, and experiments. Experiments and observation would give the clearest results, because parents may not realise (or not want to admit) how much their purchases are influenced by their children. Questioning parents and children could be quicker and cheaper, reveal children’s influence in a wider range of purchase situations, and explain why parents respond as they do.
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Question 3 (6 marks)
Demand for most business goods, which largely depend on consumer goods, are less affected by price fluctuations than consumer markets. Why is this usually the case? Give examples. Answer:
Business‐to‐business demand is derived demand because a business’s demand for goods and services comes either directly or indirectly from the consumers’ demand. The demand in business‐to‐business markets is mostly inelastic because what is being sold is often just one of the many parts or materials that go into producing the consumer product. If companies do not purchase these products/inputs they will not be able to produce the consumer products. It is not unusual for a large increase in a business product’s price to have little effect on the final consumer product’s price.
Examples: Demand for Public transport Buses depends on the number of commuters; demand for tyres depends on demand for cars.
Question 4 (6 marks)
Read the Minicase in the box and answer the six questions underneath the box.
Mini‐Case: Around the beginning of fall each year, about 2.7 million turkey hunters all over the U.S. start looking at catalogs for the perfect item to guarantee they will kill a wild turkey this year. The devoted turkey stalker can stock up on everything from camouflaged turkey hunting socks, turkey license plate holders, vests with huge pockets for toting dead birds, and hunting videos to turkey decoys, turkey earrings, and turkey callers. Neil Cost is considered the best manufacturer of turkey callers in the world. That is his only product, and each is highly prized by turkey hunters. It is not unusual for a turkey hunter to pay $5,000 for one of Cost's callers.
Primos Hunting Calls, a competing company that manufactures wild turkey callers, claims that each of its callers is able to cluck, shriek, and kee‐kee (three sounds that have been known to attract the wild turkey).
i) According to the Minicase, wild turkey hunters would be defined as a: market segment ii) Given that the wild turkey hunters number approximately 2.7 million, it meets the segmentation criterion of: substantiality iii) Segmenting a market based on the fact that people who enjoy hunting typically exhibit a particular lifestyle is an example of : psychographic segmentation. iv) According to the Minicase, Neil Cost’s target market is essentially a: niche market v) According to the Minicase, Primos offers a hunter more sound alternatives than Neil Cost and thus, has implemented a(n): product differentiation strategy.
vi) It will not be wrong to infer that by creating the desired image of the firm's product with respect to its competition, Neil Cost has ______________ itself as the best manufacturer of turkey callers in the world. differentiated
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Question 5 (12 marks‐ this question is compulsory)
Explain how ‘exchange relationships’ occur in marketing. Use the example of illegal online film downloading to illustrate.
Answer:
An exchange occurs when something is obtained for something else in return. The buyer receives an object, service, or idea that satisfies a need, and the seller receives something s/he feels is of equivalent value. For an exchange to occur, at least two people or organisations must be willing to make a trade, and each must have something the other wants. Both parties must agree on the value of the exchange and how it will be carried out. Each party also must be free to accept or reject the other’s terms for the exchange. In the case of illegal film downloading, there is no agreement on the terms of exchange. Those downloading films for free may argue it is a fair exchange as they are getting a movie (and after all, the movie industry makes millions of dollars a year) but this opinion would not be shared by the film industry. The film industry would argue that they are getting nothing in return as there are no royalties or ticket sales.
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5
SET
Question 1 (6 marks)
When commercial ads say ‘diamonds are a girl’s best friend’, do they imply that every female should or will purchase a diamond? Explain your answer based on your understanding of need, want and demand.
Answer:
Need is defined as a state of ‘felt deprivation’ for some basic satisfaction not influenced by marketers or society; wants are desires for specific satisfies of these deeper needs and demands are wants for specific products that are backed by an ability and willingness to buy them. While diamonds may be a girl’s best friend this does not mean that every female feels the need for a diamond (difference between actual and desired state) or want a diamond (e.g. preference for emeralds or sapphires). Even those who need and want a diamond may not have the necessary purchasing power or resources to satisfy their wants (demand). As such, not every female would be within the market for diamonds.
Question 2 (6 marks)
A company manufacturing men’s hair tonic wants to find and interview the men who use the company’s products. Suggest three creative ways that the company may use. Which of these approaches you consider to be the best? Why? Answer:
1. Men can be stopped on the street and asked if they would answer a few questions about hair tonics. 2. Retailers may be asked to record and supply the names and addresses of the buyers of the hair tonic. 3. A small questionnaire may be included in the packet with an incentive to fill it out and return it. 4. Questionnaires may be mailed to men on mailing lists obtained from various sources. 5. Conducting interviews of friends, neighbours etc. 6. Using a mail panel. 7. Men’s names can be drawn from the pages of a telephone directory.
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Question 3 (6 marks)
Who are opinion leaders? Using the iPhone as an example, briefly explain the potential influence of opinion leaders on consumer behaviour. Answer:
Marketers seek to identify the reference groups of particular significance to their target consumers. One such group is the ‘opinion leaders’ who are able to influence others’ attitudes or behaviours and product purchase decisions because other people perceive them as possessing expertise about a product. Opinion leaders usually exhibit levels of interest in the product/subject category and may continuously update their knowledge by reading, talking with salespeople or others in the field of study, and so on. Because of this involvement, opinion leaders are valuable information sources, passing on both positive and negative information about the particular product or subject.
Marketers often simulate opinion leaders by getting celebrities or other respected individuals to be seen wearing or using their products. For the different versions of their popular product iPhone, Apple have used celebrities in their advertisements or endorse their products.
Question 4 (6 marks)
Read the Minicase in the box and answer the six questions underneath the box. Minicase: Arabella, Emma, Sarah, Cordelia and Peter were all members of a marketing group working on a marketing plan term project for their marketing principles class. Arabella was doing the profit and loss statements. Emma took on the broad marketing approach they used. Sarah was researching the background they would need. Cordelia wrote the overview to the plan, while Peter specified how the progress of the plan would be measured.
Answer:
i)
According to the Minicase, who is working on the executive summary? Answer: Cordelia
ii) According to the Minicase, who is responsible for the current marketing situation? Answer: Sarah
iii) According to the Minicase, who is working on the marketing strategy? Answer: Emma
iv) According to the Minicase, who is working on budgets? Answer: Arabella
v) According to the Minicase, who is responsible for controls? Answer: Peter
vi) The process of matching an organisations goals and capabilities with changing market opportunities is known as Answer: Strategic fit 14 | P a g e
Question 5 (12 marks: This question is compulsory)
You work for a company that manufactures surfboards. How would the products it offers, prices it charges, distribution strategy it pursues and promotional campaigns it uses differ if it chooses an undifferentiated or differentiated market targeting (coverage) strategy?
Answer:
With an undifferentiated targeting strategy, the company seeks to appeal to a broad spectrum of consumers. It would produce one basic style of surfboard, likely priced at the lower to middle range of competitors’ prices. It would distribute these through sports retailers that carried surfboards as part of their range and engage in promotion using media that would appeal to a broad range of consumers (e.g. ads during sports shows) with themes such as ‘the board for everyone’. With a differentiated strategy, the company would develop one or more surfboards for each distinct customer segment – for example, surfboards designed specifically for professional surfers and surfboards designed for beginning or casual surfers. The company would pick a price, distribution strategy and promotional campaign that was appropriate for each segment – for example, for the professional surfers, prices might be higher given the specialised features with surfboards promoted in surf‐specific media such as Surfer’s Monthly magazine and sold through specialist surf sports retailers.
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SET
6
Question 1 (6 marks)
As consumers, we purchase goods or services to satisfy certain needs and wants relating to either physical or psychological functions. How does Levi Strauss & Co. satisfy both of customer’s needs with their jeans? Would your answer to this question be same if the product in question is (i) a bottle of drinking water? (ii) a perfume?
Answer:
Levi Strauss & Co. jeans meets physical needs in that people need to wear clothes for warmth, protection from the elements and social conformity/modesty. Psychological needs are fulfilled in the way people may feel or think they look, or the image they portray when wearing these jeans.
The answer will be very similar for the drinking water; however, the perfume satisfies the psychological need rather than the physical need. Note that answer to this part will vary for each student. However, they should point out that their answer will change as a ‘bottle of drinking water’ (physiological, psychological, ego‐needs) and ‘a perfume’ (love and ego needs) are satisfying some wants rather than some basic needs.
Question 2 (6 marks) An up‐market accommodation hotel that has been in business for just six months wants to gain some basic customer insights about the level of service being offered to its current customers. Suggest two ways how the hotel can collect the required information. What could be a likely reason to collect this data? Answer:
The hotel may use two elements of the marketing information system [MIS] for this purpose. MIS is a process that first determines what information marketing managers need and then gathers, sorts, analyses, stores, and distributes relevant and timely marketing information. 1. One major source of data in an MIS is internal company data such as customer complaints report that most hotels maintain. Many hotels and restaurants invite customers to voluntarily complete customer report cards on a continuous basis. Customer report cards are typically very short questionnaires left in highly visible locations such as dining room tables, hotel guest‐rooms or at exit points such as cashier's desk. Customer report cards provide hotels and restaurants with an inexpensive means of data collection. However, one disadvantage is that it tends to attract customers with extreme views (either very satisfied or very dissatisfied) which may not be a representative sample. The hotel’s marketing information system can access the data, sort for the particular time periods required and prepare a report addressing the specific information needs of the marketing manager. 16 | P a g e
2. Conduct Marketing Research: The hotel may also conduct a small research (survey, telephone interview etc.) by writing to their guests who stayed in the hotel during the period of interest. Customer surveys are
similar to report cards and share many of their advantages and disadvantages. The main difference between customer report cards and more formal surveys is that in the former, customers 'self‐select', while formal survey design requires the researcher to select the number and type of respondents using careful sampling protocols designed to ensure the sample is representative of the population of interest. This method is somewhat more expensive and it may take weeks or months before data can be collected, analysed and available for management. 3. Simple managerial observation of employee‐customer interactions across a variety
of shifts, may provide some insights into the employees' skills, attitude towards service and overall service levels. While this is a relatively inexpensive method of data collection and results are immediately accessible, it can be difficult to quantify and store results for future comparisons. There could be several reasons for such knowledge, such as improving the level of service; adding additional facilities; promoting the hotel etc. Question 3 (6 marks)
Explain how marketers could use perceptual maps in developing their positioning strategies. Answer:
Positioning involves developing a marketing strategy aimed at influencing how a particular market segment perceives a good or service in comparison to the competition. A perceptual map constructs a ‘picture’ of where products and brands are ‘located’ in consumers’ minds. Marketers can use the perceptual map to identify gaps in the marketplace or areas where there is intense competition, helping them determine where to compete. Perceptual maps can also show marketers whether there is a need to reposition in response to market place changes such as changing perceptions towards the company’s brand or competitor actions.
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Question 4 (6 marks)
Read the Minicase in the box and answer the five questions underneath the box.
Minicase: Those who worked in business buying at Familia Diversified were from different backgrounds and were subject to many influences. Louis, who tracked the level of primary demand in key industries, owned a used car yard in Darwin before joining Familia. John updated policies and procedures on procurement. Evelyn, who was a trainer in her previous job, had the status of experience to influence others. Sonia had the right education to help make good purchase decisions. Boris tracked changes in political and regulatory developments.
i)
Louis's work at Familia involves determining influences of ___________on business buying behaviour? Environmental factors
ii) John's work at Familia is affected by the influences of _____________on business buying behaviour? Organisational factors iii) Evelyn is described as someone whose work stems from the influences of ________ on business buying behaviour. Interpersonal factors iv) Sonia's contribution to the business buying behaviour process at Familia stems from the influences of ___________ on the business buying behaviour. Individual factors v) Boris’s contribution to the business buying behaviour process at Familia stems from the influences of ___________ on the business buying behaviour. Political and legal factors Question 5 (12 marks: This question is compulsory)
What is meant by market penetration, market development and product development strategies? Explain how a company such as Apple could engage in each of these strategies. Answer:
These are all strategies designed to generate growth for the company.
With market penetration strategies, the company seeks to increase sales of existing products to existing markets. Apple might run a promotional campaign for its iPods to attract current non‐users or those using competing products or reduce prices or price bundle e.g. add in a case or charger at no extra cost.
Market development strategies introduce existing products to new markets. This can mean reaching new customer segments within an existing geographic market, or it may mean expanding into new geographic areas. For Apple, they might expand into previously untapped markets such as Africa or expand their presence in existing markets such as China.
Product development strategies create growth by selling new products in existing markets. Product development may mean that the firm improves a product’s performance significantly, or it may mean extending the firm’s product line by developing new variations of the item. Apple has made extensive use of product development strategies ‐ for example, they offer the iPod shuffle, Nano and touch, all with different storage capacities, functionality and price ranges.
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