2016ID - Modul Praktikum PTI B

KU1072

Modul Praktikum Pengenalan Teknologi Informasi B

Institut Teknologi Bandung 2016

Daftar isi Bab I Pengenalan Pemrograman dengan C++ ................................................................................ 2

Sintaks Dasar Pemrograman .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ........................... 3 Input, Output, Comment....................... Comment.......................................................................................... .............................................................................................. ........................... 4 Variabel dan Tipe Data ........................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................. 5 Bab II Ekspresi Operator dan Percabangan .................................................................................... 7

Operator.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Operator Aritmatik ............................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ................................................. 8 Operator Relasi ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ........................ 9 Operator Logika ...................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ .......................................................... 10 Struktur Percabangan (If - Conditional) ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 10 Switch dan Break..................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .......................................................... 12 Bab III Tipe Data Bentukan Bentukan ............................................... ..................................................................... ............................................ .................................... .............. 14

Tipe Data ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 15 1. Struktur................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 15 2. Enumerasi............................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................16 16 3. Typedef................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 16 Bab IV Pengulanga Pengulangan n (Looping) (Looping) .................................................. ........................................................................ ............................................ ............................ ...... 18

Logika Pengulangan .......................................................................................................................... 19 Do-While dan While-Do Loop ............................................................ ........................................................................................................... ............................................... 19 For Loop ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Loop Bersarang ...................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ........... 22 Bab V Array ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ....................................... ................ 23

Array.................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................24 24 Deklarasi Array .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. 24 Array dan Variabel .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ .......................................................... 24 Array 2 Dimensi ........................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ...................................................................... 25 Array Multidimensi ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... 27 Bab VI Fungsi Fungsi dan Prosedur Prosedur ....................................... ............................................................. ............................................ ........................................... ..................... 28

Fungsi dan Prosedur............................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ........................................................... 29 Variabel Lokal ........................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ......................... 29 Bab VII File Eksternal Eksternal............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................................. ......................... .. 32

File Eksternal ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 33

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Daftar isi Bab I Pengenalan Pemrograman dengan C++ ................................................................................ 2

Sintaks Dasar Pemrograman .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ........................... 3 Input, Output, Comment....................... Comment.......................................................................................... .............................................................................................. ........................... 4 Variabel dan Tipe Data ........................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ............................................................. 5 Bab II Ekspresi Operator dan Percabangan .................................................................................... 7

Operator.............................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................. 8 Operator Aritmatik ............................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. ................................................. 8 Operator Relasi ........................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ........................ 9 Operator Logika ...................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ .......................................................... 10 Struktur Percabangan (If - Conditional) ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 10 Switch dan Break..................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .......................................................... 12 Bab III Tipe Data Bentukan Bentukan ............................................... ..................................................................... ............................................ .................................... .............. 14

Tipe Data ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... 15 1. Struktur................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 15 2. Enumerasi............................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................16 16 3. Typedef................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 16 Bab IV Pengulanga Pengulangan n (Looping) (Looping) .................................................. ........................................................................ ............................................ ............................ ...... 18

Logika Pengulangan .......................................................................................................................... 19 Do-While dan While-Do Loop ............................................................ ........................................................................................................... ............................................... 19 For Loop ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Loop Bersarang ...................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ........... 22 Bab V Array ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ............................................. ....................................... ................ 23

Array.................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................24 24 Deklarasi Array .................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. 24 Array dan Variabel .................................................................. ............................................................................................................................ .......................................................... 24 Array 2 Dimensi ........................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ...................................................................... 25 Array Multidimensi ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... 27 Bab VI Fungsi Fungsi dan Prosedur Prosedur ....................................... ............................................................. ............................................ ........................................... ..................... 28

Fungsi dan Prosedur............................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ........................................................... 29 Variabel Lokal ........................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ......................... 29 Bab VII File Eksternal Eksternal............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................................. ......................... .. 32

File Eksternal ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... 33

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Bab I Pengenalan Pemrograman dengan C++

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Sintaks Dasar Pemrograman Sebuah program umumnya memiliki penanda awal dan akhir dari sebuah program. Uniknya, untuk bahasa yang berbeda, penanda awal dan akhir program juga berbeda. Di dalam  pseudocode, umumnya sebuah program diawali dengan kata begin dan diakhiri dengan kata end. Contoh sintaks awal dan akhir program sesuai dengan bahasanya dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut :

Untuk memahami sintaks lebih jauh, mari kita lihat contoh kasus berikut.

Kasus 1c : Hello World! Sebelum menjadi seorang programmer handal, setiap programmer pasti akan memulai dengan membuat program Hello World! . Oleh karena itu, buatlah suatu program yang menampilkan Hello World! ke layar.

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Input, Output, Comment Dalam pemrograman, dikenal istilah input, output, dan komentar / comment . Input adalah masukan yang diberikan oleh pengguna / user  ketika program dijalankan, sementara output a dalah teks atau karakter tertentu yang ditampilkan ke l ayar devais. Agar lebih mudah dimengerti, sebuah program umumnya mengandung komentar. Fungsi utama komentar adalah menjelaskan maksud dari langkah yang sedang dijalankan untuk membantu proses debugging  dan membantu user membaca source code. Daftar sintaks untuk input, output, dan komentar pada C++ adalah sebagai berikut. Jenis Perintah Input Output Comment

Pseudocode Input (variabel) Output (isi output) /* (isi komentar) */ Tabel 4 – Sintaks Input dan Output

C cin >> (variable) cout