2015 YDS Deneme Sınavı&Kelime Listesi 2.pdf

1. - 16.sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

5.

Since every object ---- some amount of thermal radiation, thermal imaging is ideal for observing a scene in conditions of extreme darkness.. A) break through

1.

Countries need to utilize the full scope of appropriate policies to maintain financial stability in the face of shocks to avoid abrupt economic ----..

B) build up C) rely on D) sort out

A) provisions

E) gives off

B) similarities C) opportunities

6.

D) fluctuations E) precautions 2.

Since 1980, women have ---- the majority of students at colleges and universities. . A) took down

There are ---- characteristics of industrial jobs performed by humans that identify the work as a potential application for robots..

B) got off

A) ancient

E) lost in

B) severe

C) brought out D) made up

7.

C) certain

Asia ---- the world’s largest land mass and ---- just over half of the world’s people..

D) excessive A) has had / held

E) entire

B) is having / was holding 3.

Microeconomics is the part of economics that ---- on the behaviour of consumers, business firms, traders, and farmers..

C) was having / had held

A) points

E) has been having / will hold

B) integrates

D) has / holds

8.

C) focuses D) encounters E) oversees 4.

Experts believe that sunlight has the potential to supply 5,000 times ---- much energy ---- the world currently consumes.. A) both / and B) more / than

Use of agricultural machinery ---reduces the amount of human labor needed for raising crops..

C) not / until D) either / or

A) costly

E) as / as

B) exactly C) chiefly D) substantially

9.

When Chilean separatist force --- and independent Chile in 1818, the viceroyalty of Peru ---- over Chile for almost three centuries..

E) seriously A) declared / had been ruling B) has declared / was ruling C) was declaring / has been ruling D) was declaring / ruled E) had declared / has ruled

10. Even with the risk of uncertainty, popular sovereignty ---- a common form of government, ---- by many of the world’s countries in various forms..

14. Cattle have an acute sense ---- smell and can smell something ---- 6 miles away.. A) to / until

A) is remaining / to utilize

B) of / up to

B) has remained / utilizing

C) without / on

C) remains / being utilized

D) from / through

D) may have remained / utilized

E) by / in

E) remained / to be utilized 11. ---- a country has a government in place under the philosophy of popular sovereignty, the government may possibly experience big, sweeping changes from time to time..

15. In the early 1900s, the concern ---- the quickening use of coal and oil ---- the world led some to seek alternative energy sources for these precious fuels.. A) with / at B) about / without

A) If B) In case C) However

C) of / for D) over / around E) in / in

D) Just as E) Only if 12. It has been long known that obesity occurs in those ---- life styles are sedentary or bedridden besides..

16. When forests began to disappear due to the significant need ---- wood in any ever-modernizing world, coal was introduced ---- an alternative.. A) to / at

A) who

B) by / of

B) whose

C) for / as

C) which

D) in / on

D) whom

E) at / from

E) that 13. The concept of international relations must be quite old, ---- humans have been establishing governments and communicating with each other for thousands of years.. A) or else B) although C) unless D) given that E) when

17. - 21.sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

21. V. A) not only B) either

We must not (I)---- the element of pleasure and enjoyment which comes from the reading ofliterature. This is surely itself one of the great benefits which (II) ---- from being an educatedperson. But, over and above that, let us recognize (III) ---- certain other fundamental skills and capacities aredeveloped (IV) ---- the reading ofliterature, which are important to us all as educated people, (V) ---- in our private pleasures orour personal philosophies, but also in the day-to-day exercise of ourresponsibilities.

17. I. A) subside B) assert C) interpret D) witness E) underestimate 18. II. A) had come B) comes C) would have come D) came E) was coming 19. III. A) so that B) in case C) just as D) that E) although 20. IV. A) at B) in C) through D) over E) to

C) both D) more E) as well as

22. - 26.sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

26. V. A) defined B) has been defined

(I)---- all the politicalideologies of the early nineteenth century, nationalism is the most difficultto grasp. Its (II) ---- are elusive.What, exactly, counted as a nation? Who demanded a nation, and what did theirdemand mean? In the early nineteenth century, nationalism was usually alignedwith liberalism. (III) ---thecentury progressed, (IV) ----, itbecame increasingly clear that nationalism (V)---- to fit any doctrine.

22. I. A) By B) About C) From D) For E) Of

C) is defined D) could be defined E) defines 27. - 36.sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

27. In general, when credit demand is low, ---. . A) it is not sensible to take out loans during deflation B) following the wrong guideline could have been catastrophic C) interest rates measure the cost of credit, not the price of money D) interest rates are correspondingly low

23. II. A) credentials B) comments

E) precautionary savings were rising at this time 28. ---- that engineers do not restrict themselves to technical matters. .

C) premises D) subsidies E) amendments 24. III.

A) The engineering curriculum has long required B) Many potential leaders were of the opinion C) The courses involved substantial reading and writing assignments

A) As

D) The aim was to attract a wider audience

B) Because

E) He acquired a sophisticated knowledge of scientific and technical matters

C) Even if D) If E) Whether 25. IV. A) furthermore B) however C) moreover D) therefore E) so

29. Before the 21st century has run its course, ----.. A) the powers of computers have expanded vastly due to advanced research B) countless technologies not envisioned yet will be available to us C) a great deal of scientific effort is being made to find solutions to complex problems D) most people in developed countries enjoy a state of true health throughout their lives E) our knowledge of the world around us has improved to a great extent

30. ---- even though she‘s still not prepared to forgive herself. .

34. ----, the cost of petrol is unlikely to fall dramatically in the near future..

A) The wrong person got blamed

A) Since house prices were falling

B) After all, she committed an error, not a crime

B) While consumers will be paying much more for heating

C) Others were also involved in the affair

C) If the budget deficit were to increase

D) A lot of people have forgiven her

D) As global supplies of refined petroleum are limited

E) She was wrongly accused 31. ---- who will become schizophrenic. . A) There seems to be a genetic predisposition B) A cure is nowhere in sight C) Neither doctors nor scientists can accurately predict D) They confuse the real and the imaginary E) Treatment of the disorder is improving 32. Engineers removed 70 tonnes of earth from the base of the Tower of Pisa ----.. A) so the lean was reduced by 45 cm B) that the Tower's lean was increasing by 1.5 m every year C) but on one disastrous day it actually moved 2 mm D) if it would stand secure for another 200 years E) while it has been closed to visitors 33. The Earth is thought to be 4.6 billion years old ----.. A) because rocks dating back to the early geological ages have been discovered in some parts of California B) even though almost half the Earth is still wilderness C) so that astronomical observations and measurements could be made far more accurately D) though until recently few geological traces have been found that date back further than 3.6billion years E) since at the beginning it was a lifeless planet still being bombarded by asteroids and comets

E) Although there has been an increase in consumer spending 35. ----, real wages in Mexico today are lower than they were a decade ago.. A) Though a boom in the Mexican economy was expected B) As there had been unprecedented growth in international trade C) While 1.3 million agricultural jobs have evaporated D) If jobs in other sectors were taken into account E) When migration from the rural areas first began 36. ---, some people regard their local dams as beautiful.. A) Because dams incontestably destroy ecosystems B) Just as a bridge or canal or industrial building can become a valued part of the scenery C) Since many past dam projects would never have been started in today's more ecologically aware conditions D) Even though dams embodied the American ideal of progress in the past E) So long as communities have grown up around the slack water that dams create

37. - 42.sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

37. Katherine Mansfield, özellikle Rus yazar Chekhov‘un kısa hikâyelerinden etkilenmiş ve onun gibi, konudan çok çevre ve karaktere dayalı hikâyeler yazmıştır.. A) The Russian writer Chekhov‘s short stories depend more on atmosphere and character than on plot, and this impressed Katherine Mansfield and influenced the way she wrote. B) Katherine Mansfield was a great admirer of the Russian writer Chekhov, and her short stories, like his, are centred around character and atmosphere rather than action. C) Like the Russian short-story writer, Chekhov, Katherine Mansfield wrote short stories that depend for their effect more on character and atmosphere than upon action. D) Katherine Mansfield greatly admired the style of Chekhov in his short stories and, like him, wrote short stories in which character and atmosphere, not action, come to the fore. E) Katherine Mansfield was particularly impressed by the short stories of the Russian writer Chekhov, and, like him, she wrote stories which depend more on atmosphere and character than on plot. 38. Shakespeare‘in ailesi, idamı, 13. yüzyıl ortasında kayda geçmiş olan Warwickshire‘lı eşkiya William Sakspere‘e dayanmaktadır.. A) It is to William Sakspere, a Warwickshire robber in the mid-13th century, whose hanging is recorded, that Shakespeare‘s family is related B) William Sakspere was a mid-13th century Warwickshire robber whose hanging was recorded and to whom Shakespeare‘s family can be traced C) Shakespeare‘s family can be traced back to a Warwickshire robber, William Sakspere, who was hung some time in the mid-13th century D) Shakespeare‘s family goes back to the Warwickshire robber William Sakspere, whose hanging was recorded in the mid13th century. E) Shakespeare‘s family has been traced back to William Sakspere, a Warwickshire robber, whose hanging in the mid-13th century was recorded.

39. Bildiğimiz gibi, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri anayasasına göre, Kongre sınırsız bir yasama yetkisine sahip değildir.. A) As far as we know, the Constitution of the United States of America does not grant to Congress unlimited powers for legislation. B) As we know, according to the Constitution of the United States of America, Congress does not have unlimited power of legislation. C) We know that, according to the Constitution of the United States of America, Congress cannot exercise unlimited power for legislation. D) As is well known to us all, Congress is denied by the Constitution of the United States of America the right to use unlimited power for legislation. E) As we all know, Congress‘s unlimited power of legislation has been curtailed by the Constitution of the United States of America 40. The lungs are particularly prone to allergic reactions because they are exposed to large quantities of airborne antigens, including dusts, pollens, and chemicals.. A) Akciğerler, toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil havadan gelen çeşitli antijenlere fazlasıyla açık oldukları için alerjik reaksiyonlardan çok etkilenirler. B) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile gelen pek çok antijene açık olan akciğerler, alerjik reaksiyonlara oldukça yatkındırlar C) Alerjik reaksiyonlara fazlasıyla yatkın olan akciğerler, hava ile taşınan toz, polen ve kimyasalların da arasında bulunduğu çok sayıda antijene açıktırlar. D) Akciğerler alerjik reaksiyonlara özellikle yatkındır, çünkü toz, polen ve kimyasallar dahil hava ile taşınan büyük miktardaki antijenlere açıktırlar E) Toz, polen ve kimyasallar gibi hava ile taşınan pek çok antijen, daima bunlara açık olan akciğerlerde alerjik reaksiyonlara yol açar.

41. Deprived of the moderating effects of the oceans, much of Central Asia experiences bitterly cold winters and boiling hot summers.. A) Orta Asya çoğunlukla okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden uzak olduğu için, burada kışlar çok soğuk ve yazlar oldukça sıcak olur. B) Orta Asya, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden uzak olduğu için, pek çok bölgede kışlar oldukça sert ve yazlar da son derece sıcak geçer. C) Orta Asya‘nın pek çok bölgesinde kışların çok sert ve yazların çok sıcak geçmesi, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinin burada bulunmamasındandır. D) Okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden yoksun olan Orta Asya‘nın büyük bölümü, çok sert soğuk kışlar ve son derece sıcak yazlar yaşar. E) Orta Asya, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden tamamiyle yoksundur ve dolayısıyla bu bölgede kışlar olabildiğince soğuk, yazlar ise dayanılmaz derecede sıcak geçer. 42. Despite the rapid industrialization of countries such as China and India, climate change is neither any one country‘s fault nor any one country‘s responsibility.. A) Çin ve Hindistan‘ın hızlı sanayileşmesi nedeniyle oluşan iklim değişikliği, kesinlikle başka bir ülkenin suçu veya sorumluluğu değildir B) Çin ve Hindistan gibi ülkelerin hızlı sanayileşmelerine rağmen, iklim değişikliği, ne herhangi tek bir ülkenin hatasıdır, ne de herhangi tek bir ülkenin sorumluluğudur C) Çin ve Hindistan dahil, pek çok ülkenin hızla sanayileşmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan iklim değişikliği, herhangi bir ülkenin suçu olmadığı gibi, sorumluluğu da değildir. D) Tek bir ülkenin suçu veya sorumluluğu olmayan iklim değişikliği, Çin ve Hindistan dahil, pek çok ülkenin hızla sanayileşmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. E) Çin ve Hindistan‘ın yanı sıra, çeşitli ülkelerin hızla sanayileşmesi, iklim değişikliğine yol açmış olup, tek bir ülke suçlu veya sorumlu değildir.

43. - 46.soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

No human dream is more universal than the longing for a paradise on earth, a place free of the ravages of time and disease, where the best in nature flourishes while the worst is forbidden to enter. By definition, such magical lands can‘t be near at hand; they must be remote and inaccessible – destinations to be reached by pilgrimage or a heroic journey. Ancient Tibetan Buddhist texts spoke of just such a kingdom, where wise kings, blessed with long life spans, await the day when they will take power over the world, ushering in a golden age of peace and justice. This mythical kingdom was called ―Shambala, ‖ and its location was believed to be a valley in northern India. Said to be enclosed by a double ring of snow-capped mountains, this fabled valley of Shambala resembled a ―mandala, ‖ which is Buddhism‘s circular symbol of the unity of all creation. Known only to a few European enthusiasts of Asia in the 19th century, the myth of Shambala was popularized in the 20th century by the famous Russian mystic, Madame Blavatsky, who claimed she received telepathic messages from the mystic valley.

43. According to the passage, ancient Tibetan Buddhists ----.. A) preferred to live in places which were very remote and not easily accessible for common people B) had a very strong longing for a world in which Buddhist values and ideas were shared by all human beings C) were most gifted writers who idealized life on earth and, in their writings, encouraged people to strive for peace and justice D) often made long pilgrimages and journeys to the valley of Shambala in India in order to have a mystical experience E) believed that a time would come when, under the rule of wise kings, peace and justice would prevail in the world

44. It is clear from the passage that the myth of Shambala ----.. A) was originally introduced by those Europeans in the 19th century who were interested in Buddhism and carried out extensive studies in India B) began to be so popular in Europe in the 19th century that, with Madame Blavatsky, it turned into a mystical kind of religion C) had obviously been very popular throughout Asia in the 19th and 20th centuries before it was discovered by the Europeans D) had originally been an Indian myth and was later adopted by Tibetan Buddhists into their own culture E) came to be known widely in Europe only in the last century, thanks to Madame Blavatsky 45. The author claims that a great many people ----.. A) yearn for a distant land of absolute health, happiness and goodness B) imagine India as a land of plenty, where people lead a most prosperous and peaceful life C) go on long pilgrimages to very remote places such as Tibet, where the most popular religion is Buddhism D) have a mystical view of life which enables them to cope with the ravages of time and disease E) have a strong desire to make a pilgrimage to the mythical valley of Shambala in order to recover from their sorrows and sufferings 46. As one understands from the passage, the Russian mystic Madame Blavatsky ---.. A) was clearly one of the few Europeans in the 19th century who were seriously concerned with studies related to Asia B) developed her telepathic skill through her study of Buddhism and also by making innumerable journeys to the valley of Shambala C) constantly dreamed of a paradise on earth and made great efforts to make peace and justice dominant in the world D) helped to spread interest in the mythical kingdom of Shambala E) believed that a study of Tibetan Buddhist texts was indispensable for the acquisition and exercise of telepathic skills

47. - 50.soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Women seem to be particularly vulnerable to depressionrnduring their reproductive years: Rates of the disorder are highest in femalesrnbetween the ages of 25 and 45. New data indicate that the incidence ofrndepression in females rises after giving birth. In 2007 Patricia Dietz reportedrnthat 10.4% of 4, 398 mothers had been depressed in the nine months followingrnchildbirth compared with 8.7% in the nine months before pregnancy and 6.9%rnduring pregnancy. More than half of the women with post natal depression hadrnalso been depressed during or before pregnancy suggesting that a previousrnoccurrence of depression may be the biggest risk factor for acquiring thernillness postpartum depression. But the hormonal changes that occur in a newrnmother's body are also thought to contribute to postpartum depression. Duringrnpregnancy, a woman experiences a surge in blood levels of oestrogen andrnprogesterone. Then, in the first 48 hours after childbirth, the amount of theserntwo hormones falls suddenly, almost back to normal levels. This chemicalrninstability could contribute to depression. Of course, hormonal flux does notrnfully explain postpartum depression. After all, this biochemical fluctuationrnoccurs in all new mothers and yet only a relatively small proportion of themrnbecome depressed.

47. It is understood fromrnthe passage that one of the causes of postpartum depression could be ----.. A) the hormonal changes that are similar to those in the absence of pregnancy B) the sudden decrease in the amount of oestrogen and progesterone following childbirth C) the chemical stability in the blood levels during the first 48 hours after childbirth D) a biochemical fluctuation taking place before pregnancy begins E) that some mothers are not psychologically ready to care for a baby

48. According to thernstudy by Patricia Dietz, ----.. A) the level of depression among women was particularly high in 2007 B) the incidence of depression in females rises just before giving birth C) the highest level of depression is seen during pregnancy D) the majority of the women had all suffered from depression E) women are depressed most in the nine months following childbirth 49. As pointed out in thernpassage, besides biological factors, another factor suggested for the emergencernof postpartum depression is ----.. A) chemical instability after pregnancy B) a surge and flux in blood levels C) a previous experience of depression D) a 50-fold drop of oestrogen and progesterone E) hormonal changes in the mother's body 50. It can be inferredrnfrom the passage that ----.. A) postpartum depression is seen in women who give birth to more than one child B) the most important factor in explaining postpartum depression is the vulnerability of women when pregnant C) Patricia Dietz has failed to determine the causes of depression despite her extensive studies D) pregnant women appear to be more vulnerable to depression than men whose wives are pregnant E) factors other than chemical instability can also be responsible for postpartum depression among women in their reproductive years

51. - 54.soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

NASA’s Deep Space Network is responsible fortracking, commanding and receiving data from spaceprobes throughout the solar system. Some of thespacecraft are so far away and they use such smalltransmitters that radio signals received from them areabout 20 million times weaker than a watch battery. Toreceive such weak signals, the Deep Space Networkuses huge dish-shaped antennae up to 70 metersacross. To dispatch commands to the most remotespacecraft, the same giant dishes are used to sendradio signals from immensely powerful, 400-kilowatttransmitters. The Deep Space Network’s antennae arelocated at three sites – Madrid (Spain), Canberra(Australia), and California (the US). The sites werechosen because they are roughly 120 degrees and athird of the way round the world from each other. As theEarth turns, at least one of the stations is always incontact with a space probe. This ensures a 24-hourobservation, with overlapping time to transfer the radiolink to the next station. The sites are also surrounded bymountains, which protect them from radio interference.

51. According to the passage, NASA’s Deep SpaceNetwork ----.. A) functions best when receiving data from spacecraft close to the Earth’s atmosphere B) is only developed enough to send weak radio signals into outer space C) can stay in contact with space probes even when they send weak signals D) uses extremely small transmitters to command space probes E) uses less power than an ordinary watch battery 52. It is implied in the passage that ----.. A) many of the signals from space are lost due to the insufficient size of the receivers that are used B) signals received from space probes are reflected back into space at once C) the American part of the Deep Space Network is sufficient to track all the probe activity D) the Deep Space Network is more effective at receiving than sending signals E) the Deep Space Network requires the cooperation of stations located in different countries around the world

53. We understand from the passage that the sites ofthe Deep Space Network were chosen because ----.. A) the locations are on top of mountains that allow for sending and receiving signals easily B) their location allows a continuous observation of space probes without interference C) if the signal from both stations is interrupted, it automatically switches to another D) these locations can provide a continuous power supply to the 400-kilowatt transmitters E) it is illegal for NASA to build another Deep Space tracking facility in the US 54. It can be inferred from the passage that ----.. A) radio signals from the Earth have no effect on the antennae of the Deep Space Network B) current technology cannot keep track of probes 24 hours a day C) the location of the antennae might be changed for better communication with probes D) new technology will soon make the Deep Space Network obsolete E) very large antennae are needed not only to send signals into space, but also to receive them

55. - 58.soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The most significant political change in eastern Europe during the late 1980s was the collapse of communism in East Germany and the unification of East and West Germany. Although long considered the most prosperous of the Soviet satellite countries, East Germany suffered from severe economic stagnation and environmental degradation. Waves of East Germans registered their discontent with worsening conditions by massive illegal emigration to the West. This exodus together with evidence of widespread official corruption led to the resignation of East Germany‘s long-time, hard-line premier, Erich Honecker. His successor, Egon Krenz, promised reforms, but he was nevertheless faced with continuing protests and continuing mass emigration. In the end, on 4 November 1989, the government, in a move that acknowledged its powerlessness to hold its citizens captive, opened its border with Czechoslovakia. This move effectively freed East Germans to travel to the West. In a matter of days, the Berlin Wall, which had been the embodiment of the Cold War, the Iron Curtain, and the division of East from West, was demolished by groups of ordinary citizens. Jubilant crowds from both sides walked through the gaping holes that now permitted men, women, and children to take the few steps that symbolized the return to freedom and a chance for national unity.

55. As pointed out in the passage, in the late 1980s, ----.. A) Honecker and Krenz were fully committed to the ultimate unification of East and West Germany B) East Germany began to enjoy so much prosperity that the other Soviet satellite states became envious of its economic success C) the East German government, already corrupt and disliked by the people, was no longer able to prevent mass emigration to the West D) Honecker introduced extremely austere economic measures in order to improve worsening conditions and get rid of corruption E) East Germany adopted a policy of cooperation with West Germany so that the effects of the Cold War could be eliminated

56. It is stressed in the passage that the Berlin Wall ----.. A) had been built by the East German government in order to prevent any access to West Berlin B) not only divided East and West, but also, more importantly, symbolized the Cold War and the Iron Curtain C) signified both the powerlessness of Honecker‘s government and the failure of his economic policies D) would have been demolished even if East Germany had retained communism E) gave rise to a great many ideological controversies between East and West Germany 57. According to the passage, with the collapse of the Berlin Wall, ----.. A) the Soviet satellite countries were exposed to Western ideas B) East and West Germany signed a treaty of reunification C) the economic prosperity of East Germany continued to increase D) the East Germans took up their fight against political corruption E) the East German people were, as it were, finally freed from captivity 58. It is stated in the passage that East Germany ----.. A) made various attempts to fight corruption in the government, but failed B) had continually tried to be re-unified with West Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall C) had never regarded communism as an acceptable regime until the 1980s D) faced extremely severe economic and environmental problems in the 1980s E) had a considerable economic and political influence on other east European countries

59. - 62.soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Our kidneys excrete metabolic wastes and help regulate the volume and composition of body fluids.Their vital function is compromised in more than 13 million people in the United States who suffer from kidney disease. In fact, kidney disease ranks fourth in prevalence among major human diseases in the United States. Kidney function can be impaired by infections, poisoning by substances such as mercury, lesions, tumours, kidney stones, shock or circulatory disease. For instance, one of the most common kidney diseases both in the United States and in the world is glomerulonephritis, which is related to the damage of the kidney’s filtering units. The damage is thought to result from an autoimmune response.

61. As one understands from the passage, the kidneys play a role ----.. A) in the partial filtration of various types of fluids in the body B) especially in regard to the concentration of mercury in the body C) D)

A) is the failure of the kidney function caused by various infections and other factors B) is widespread and occurs when the kidney fails to filter properly C)

becomes a deadly disease when the kidney’s autoimmune response fails

D)

has a limited extent of prevalence throughout the United States

E) can cause serious damage to the filtering units of the kidney 60. It is pointed out in the passage that the kidneys ----. . A) have an autoimmune system which is very efficient, especially against poisoning B)

have a very efficient filtering system which is immune to certain infections

C) are responsible only for the excretion of waste matter from the body D) can fail to function properly owing to a wide range of causes E) can be easily infected once a tumour begins to grow in them

in the body’s response to various infections

E) in relation to the fluids in the body 62. The author suggests that ----.. A)

the spread of kidney disease in the world will continue to increase

B) the immune response may be the cause of the impairment of the kidney’s filtration function C)

59. As pointed out in the passage, glomerulonephritis ----..

in the efficient circulation of body fluids

the number of people who suffer from kidney disease in the United States will remain stable

D) glomerulonephritis can lead to the growth of tumours in the kidneys E) mercury is the only substance that has a devastating effect on the kidneys 63. - 67.sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

63. Edward: I have been calling you for several days, but I couldn’t get through to you. Where have you been so far? William: I was fired, and I’m desperately looking for a job. Edward: ---William: Yes, of course. But they say it will take almost three months to place me in a workplace.. A) Really? But it’s rather difficult to find a job these days unless you’ve got a higher education degree and speak a foreign language. B) Why don’t we visit my older brother? He’s just opened an employment agency in the city centre. C) Have you applied to the public employment bureau? I’ve heard that it’s easier to find a job through this office. D) It’s a pity! But don’t get discouraged. I think you’ll sort it out soon. E) Would you like me to help you scan the job advertisements?

64. Martha: Look at the headline here. What does AU stand for?

66. Interviewer: Have you worked in this kind of job before?

Steven: I suppose it’s an abbreviation for the African Union.

Candidate: Yes, once, during my summer vacation.

Martha: ----

Interviewer: ______

Steven: Well, it’s the continent’s foremost body promoting economic and political freedom and cooperation..

Candidate: No, I haven’t, but I do have professional qualifications and enthusiasm..

A) The African Union! Never heard that before.

A) So, really you haven’t much experience.

B) Some African states are suffering from economic fluctuations. C) Which country takes the lead in the African Union? D) How well do you know the African economy? E) Can you compare the African Union and the European Union? 65. James: I’ve heard that you’re selling your house. But it’s not really the best time for selling your property. Arthur: ---James: I suggest you not sell it. You could get a bank loan instead, and I’ll be your guarantor. Arthur: I’ve never thought of it; you’ve given me a great idea. I really appreciate your support.. A) The broker in my quarter says a client has already bought one at a reasonable price.

B) In that case you’re the sort of person we are looking for. C) Tell me about your work background in more detail. D) Did you enjoy the work you did? E) Then you may know my brother; he was the managing director there. 67. Client: What are the chances of winning the case? Lawyer: _____ Client: Do you mean the chances are slight? Lawyer: Well, I can’t say I’m very hopeful.. A) If I were you, I wouldn’t let it worry me so much. B) So long as nothing surprising happens, all should be well. C) The documents we have submitted contain strong evidence in our favour.

B) I’ve talked to several brokers in town, and they say I’ll have no problem getting a mortgage.

D) Don’t worry, I’ve handled plenty of cases like this.

C) I’ve already applied to the local bank for a loan and I’m waiting for a reply.

E) Well, a lot depends on the testimony of the witnesses.

D) I know, but I have to do it, as I’ve got a large debt and I need to repay it urgently. E) Recently, a relative of mine has advised me to buy a house in the country.

68. - 71.sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

68. With an economic growth over the past decade of nearly 50 per cent, Ireland enjoys a level of prosperity greater than that of Britain.. A) Unlike Britain, Ireland has much prosperity since it has done its best over the past decade to achieve an economic growth of 50 per cent. B) Ireland‘s prosperity, which is much higher than that of Britain, has led to a 50 per cent rate of economic growth over the past decade. C) Both Britain and Ireland enjoy a high level of prosperity, which has resulted from a 50 per cent rate of economic growth over the last ten years. D) Ireland‘s economic growth over the past decade has been just 50 per cent, and this has led the country to a level of prosperity which is comparable to that of Britain. E) During the past ten years, Ireland achieved almost 50 per cent economic growth, which has enabled it to become more prosperous than Britain. 69. Historians emphasize Byzantine trade and industry because these provided most of the surplus wealth that supported the state.. A) There is a general consensus among historians that the economic importance of trade and industry in the Byzantine empire cannot be ignored.

70. No sooner did Israel declare its independence in May 1948 than its five neighbouring states invaded it.. A) As soon as Israel declared its independence in May 1948, it was invaded by the five countries bordering it. B) The invasion of Israel by its five neighbours had already been decided before its independence was declared in May 1948. C) It was in May 1948 that, following its declaration of independence, Israel faced an invasion by its five neighbours. D) When Israel declared its independence in May 1948, its five neighbours decided to invade it. E) Upon Israel‘s declaration of independence in May 1948, the five states that bordered it jointly invaded it. 71. The very term ―postcolonial underlines the fact that colonialism‘s legacies have endured in former colonies even after independence.. A) As can be understood from the term ―postcolonial, the independence of former colonies has been undermined by the continuation of colonial practices. B) Although former colonies have gained their independence, it is true that, as the term ―postcolonial itself indicates, they still feel the impact of colonialism. C) What is meant by the term ―postcolonial is that former colonies, which are now independent, have failed to preserve their colonial institutions.

B) According to historians, in the Byzantine empire, trade and industry played a relatively important role in the economy.

D) The fact that former colonies, which have all gained their independence, have got rid of their colonial past is indicated by the term ―postcolonial.‖

C) As far as historians are concerned, the economic prosperity of the Byzantine state depended, to some extent, on commercial and industrial activities.

E) Since the independence of former colonies has enabled them to be aware of their colonial past, this is best defined by the term ―postcolonial.‖

D) It is commonly recognized by historians that the Byzantine state could not have survived without the economic contributions of trade and industry. E) Since the Byzantine state largely depended on the revenues generated by trade and industry, historians attach much importance to them.

72. - 75.sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

72. An astonishingly complete skull was unearthed from sandstorm-scoured deposits in northern Chad's Ojurab Desert. ----. It may thus represent the earliest human forebear on record..

74. The arguments for and against advertising have been complicated by the difficulty of isolating advertising costs. ----. For instance, the expense involved in making the yearly style changes in American cars is put down as a manufacturing cost, but it could well be argued that it should be put down as a selling cost.. A) It has been claimed that, in some cases, one cannot distinguish between manufacturing and selling costs

A) The conventional view of paleoanthropologists concerning the origin of man must thus be called in question

B) Conversely, it can be argued that advertising contributes to economies in manufacture

B) It was about the size of a coconut and had a slight snout.

C) Nevertheless, the true cost of advertising is extremely difficult to recompense

C) There is something about it that is inscrutably familiar

D) This is because advertising on a mass scale enables a manufacturer to produce goods in greater quantities, and therefore more cheaply.

D) However, fossils of a similar age have also been discovered in Kenya and Ethiopia E) Since it dates back nearly seven million years, it caused much excitement among paleoanthropologists 73. The conditions that lead to the formation of tornadoes are most often met in the central and southern US, where warm, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico collides with the cool, dry air from the Rockies and Canada. ----. Tornadoes can also occur elsewhere, though, including all parts of the US, Europe, Asia and Australia.. A) This area, popularly called "the tornado alley", extends roughly from the Rocky Mountains to the Appalachians, and from Lowa to the Gulf of Mexico B) The safest place to be during a thunderstorm is in a building, preferably with a lightning rod C) According to the national statistics, the average annual number of deaths by lightning in the US is 89 D) Between 1950 and 1999, there were an average 27 deaths due to tornadoes each year in the month of April E) With wind speeds in excess of 251mph, these tornadoes are capable of lifting houses off their foundations

E) The two main types of advertising are the informative and the competitive 75.

It has been argued that capitalism entails the production of goods or the provision of services for profit ----. Even though many of these transactions were barter exchanges, this does not mean that profit was entirely absent. It was simply some form of profitable exchange that did not involve money.. A) By capital we mean not just money but more especially a means of production B) As it happens, in a capitalist society only a very small proportion of industrial activity is under the control of the government, and sometimes none at all. C) This notion of private ownership of the means of production as a central feature of capitalism should not arouse controversy D) This, however, will not serve to identify capitalism as a distinctive system since goods and services have at all times been exchanged with a view to striking a good bargain E) However, it is necessary to limit the application of the term "capitalism" to a discernible pattern of social and economic relations

76. - 80.sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

76. (I) The governments of the EU, the US, China, India, Japan, Russia and Korea initialled a treaty to build the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the world‘s largest fusion machine, in Provence, France. (II) It will take a decade to build and will then run for two further decades, performing tens of thousands of fusion experiments. (III) At the end of that time, say its backers, the world will know once and for all if nuclear fusion is technically viable. (IV) Once this point has been settled, the costs can be taken into consideration. (V) As well as being the largest, the fusion reactor known as JET in Culham, Britain, is, by common consent, the world‘s most successful.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 77. (I) Science is systematic because of the attention it gives to organizing knowledge and making it readily accessible to all who wish to build on its foundation. (II) If the results support the hypothesis, the scientist may use them to generate related hypotheses. (III) In this way science is both a personal and a social endeavour. (IV) In other words, it is beneficial both to the individual and to society at large. (V) Moreover, science contributes a great deal to the improvement and the quality of human life..

78. (I) Modern Bergama is a sleepy agricultural market town in the midst of a well-watered plain. (II) There has been a town here since Trojan times. (III) Of Bergama‘s four main tourist attractions, only the museum is in the centre of the town. (IV) However, it was during the period between Alexander the Great and the Roman domination that Bergama, then called Pergamum, enjoyed its greatest prosperity. (V) At that time, it became one of the Middle East‘s richest and most powerful small kingdoms.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V 79. (I) In the fall of 2000 and the winter of 2001, Britain was beset by a series of problems. (II) In September 2000, rising oil prices prompted protests by truck drivers and farmers who demanded a reduction in the fuel tax. (III) In November 2000, a series of unusually severe rainstorms and tornadoes caused high flooding and killed 12 people. (IV) In June 2001, Blair won a second landslide victory, with the Labour Party capturing 413 seats in Parliament. (V) In February 2001, foot-and-mouth disease broke out among British livestock, prompting other countries to ban British meat import and forcing the slaughter of thousands of cattle, pigs and sheep.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

80. (I) In a small firm the manager may perform the role of cost accountant, salesman, personnel officer, stock controller etc. (II) However, as a firm increases in size it can take advantage of specialization of labour. (III) Each managerial role can be allocated to a specialist in that field. (IV) Many firms spend a lot of money on research and development. (V) Furthermore, bigger firms can buy in-management services and afford large in-house salaries to entice and retain the best management.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

SORU CEVAP

SORU CEVAP

1

D

41

D

2

C

42

B

3

C

43

E

4

D

44

E

5

E

45

A

6

D

46

D

7

D

47

B

8

E

48

E

9

A

49

C

10

C

50

E

11

A

51

C

12

B

52

E

13

D

53

B

14

B

54

E

15

D

55

C

16

C

56

B

17

E

57

E

18

B

58

D

19

D

59

B

20

C

60

D

21

A

61

E

22

E

62

B

23

C

63

C

24

A

64

A

25

B

65

D

26

D

66

A

27

D

67

E

28

A

68

E

29

B

69

E

30

D

70

A

31

C

71

B

32

A

72

E

33

A

73

A

34

D

74

A

35

A

75

D

36

B

76

E

37

E

77

B

38

D

78

C

39

B

79

D

40

D

80

D