##2 IP. Biology. Dalandan and Calamansi Extract. Group 2. COPY NUM 2.docx

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract High School Thesis Presented to Science Department Sto. Nino De Novaliches Inc. Novaliches, Quezon City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements Of Integrated Science For the Fourth Quarter S.Y. 2011-2012

Submitted to: T.Jenny P. Lanuza, Faculty, and Science Department

Submitted by: Esteban, Danielle Reyes, Vincent Tolentino, Tiffany Jungco, Daniela 2nd year -Mahinahon March 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers would like to extend their gratitude and appreciation to the following persons for constantly assisting the researchers through their work: Mr. and Mrs. Esteban Mr. and Mrs. Reyes Mr. and Mrs. Tolentino Mr. and Mrs. Jungco; for their unlimited support and help Ms. Lilia Gordo: for helping the researchers in getting Dalandan and Calamansi Extract. And also God: for guiding and helping the researchers in making the investigatory project with His grace and for giving the natural Dalandan and Calamansi which Is the important materials in the researchers investigatory project. The researchers were very thankful and grateful to have those people beside them in doing the investigatory project because finding the possibilities of Dalandan and Calamansi is very difficult and will never be possible without them..

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ABSTRACT This investigatory project looks toward on the possibilities of Dalandan and Calamansi in killing insects. If Dalandan and Calamansi Extract is proven to be true, this product could be offer cheap to the mass and because it is natural and can be readily available sources of environment-friendly, natural Dalandan and Calamansi Extract. This could help the customers of Dalandan and Calamansi Extract to save money and just use them to the most important needs. This investigation can also help poor members of our society to conserve and save money without sacrificing their sake to the bites of cockroaches by just using herbal or organic materials like Dalandan and Calamansi Extract. The main problem of this research is to identify the usefulness of Dalandan and Calamansi extract as insecticide for cockroaches. The specific problem is to know or identify if Dalandan and Calamansi Extract is more effective than Baygon and which one will kill insects more, Dalandan and Calamansi Extract or Baygon. The researchers found out that Dalandan and Calamansi extract has an ability to kill insects especially cockroaches. And they also find out that it can be used as substitute for commercial products like BAYGON that can kill insects if commercial products are not available or cannot afford them. They learned that in this experiment they can help people that cannot afford BAYGON or other commercial products they can just get Dalandan and Calamansi extract so they can kill insects. The researchers can say that the hypothesis made is accepted because of the results of the experiment they’ve done and it is a successful experiment between Dalandan and Calamansi extract and BAYGON. Because it is clearly said on the results of the experiment the Dalandan and Calamansi extract won.

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Table of Contents

Chapter I Introduction …………………………………………………………. 1-2     

Main Problem Specific Problem Significance Scope and Limitation Definition of terms …………………2

Chapter II Review of Relate Literature………………………………………..3-5 Chapter III Methodology ………………………………………………………. 6 Chapter IV Results and Discussions………………………………………... 7-8 Chapter V Summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations… 8-10 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………. 11 Appendix………………………………………………………………………. 12-17 Curicullum Vitae………………………………………………………………. 18-19

Effectivity of Dalandan (Citrus Aurantium) and Calamansi (Citrofunella Mirocarpa) Extract as an Insecticide CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

MAIN PROBLEM: The main problem of this research is to identify the usefulness of Dalandan and Calamansi extract as insecticide for insects like cockroaches. HYPOTHESIS: Dalandan and Calamansi extract can be used as insecticide to kill insects and cockroaches. SPECIFIC PROBLEM: 1. How effective is the Dalandan and Calamansi extract as an insecticide? 2. Which one will kill insects more, Dalandan and Calamansi extract or Baygon. SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS: The group used Dalandan and Calamansi extract for their research. Two set-ups were prepared. Set A used Baygon insecticide and Set B used Dalandan and Calamansi Insecticide. The researchers performed this experiment for approximately 5 minutes. The insects used are cockroaches. The researchers used a qualitative data after the experiment.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS 1. Appendages: a usually projecting part of an animal or plant body that is typically smaller and of less functional importance than the main part to which it is attached; especially: a limb or analogous part (as a seta). 2. Indigenous: produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment. 3. Diluted: to make thinner or more liquid by admixture, to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by admixture. 4. Antiphlogistic: anti-inflammatory, first known use of this word was on 1715. 5. Poultice: a soft usually heated and sometimes medicated mass spread on cloth and applied to sores or other lesions. 6. Distinct : distinguishable to the eye or mind as discrete, presenting a clear unmistakable impression 7. Obovate : ovate with the narrower end basal 8. Firm : securely or solidly fixed in place, having a solid or compact structure that resists stress or pressure 9. Decoction: an extract obtained by decocting, an extract obtained by decocting. First known use of this word was on the 15th century. 10. Tincture: a substance that colors, dyes, or stain.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CALAMONDIN or CALAMANSI (Citrofunella Mirocarpa) Commonly called as calamondin, golden lime, panama orange, Chinese orange, acid orange, calamonding, or calamandarin in the English language. It is believed to originate from China and has spread throughout Southeast Asia, India, Hawaii, West Indies, Central and North America. The plant is characterized by wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks and white or purplish flowers. Its fruit has either a spongy or leathery rind with a juicy pulp that is divided into sections. Calamansi is one of the world’s wonder fruits or the antioxidant fruit. Antioxidants have been proven to be very effective and valuable in promoting overall health. They can help to fight cancer and heart disease as well as arthritis, Parkinson's, and several others. Antioxidants work to regulate the body against free radical exposure. They can also help slow the aging process. Excessive amounts of free radicals in the body can damage cellular integrity, causing the onset of a variety of potential diseases. In this book, Remi Cooper discusses the action of antioxidants in the body. She also reviews several valuable antioxidants such as Vitamins A, E, and C, Selenium, Coenzyme Q10, and pycnogenol. The fruit is indigenous and widely cultivated in the Philippines (Tagalog: calamansi or kalamansî); Visayan: limonsito or simuyaw ),Calamansi is available year round in the Philippines and is usually seen in its unripened state as a dark green fruit, but if left to ripen it turns a tangerine orange color.In its unripened state it is extensively used not just in Philippine cuisine, but also for household and medicinal use like as a hair conditioner, body deodorant, ink stain remover on fabrics, for treating insect bites, for curing skin problems like acne, as a cough remedy, etc. Calamondin citrus has found several medicinal uses. The juice, when rubbed on insect bites, will relieve the itching and reduce the irritation. It has also found as a natural acne medicine. It is still used orally as cough medicine (often mixed with green tea) and is a natural anti-inflammatory. For problems with constipation the juice is warmed and diluted with water. It bleaches freckles and helps to clear up acne vulgaris and pruritus vulvae. It is taken orally as a cough remedy and antiphlogistic.In Malaysia, used as an antidote for poison.Poultice of pandanus leaves, mixed with salt and juice of citrus microcarpa, for abscesses. In Malaya, combined with pepper to help expel phlegm. Its roots are used in the Philippines at childbirth.

DALANDAN or PHILIPPINE ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium) The Philippine orange, locally known as dalandan, is a member of the sweet orange species of the citrus family. Sweet oranges, for many years, was known as Citrus auranntium var. sinensis L. and was considered as a form of the sour orange but has now been considered a distinct species, C. sinensis Osbeck, although this was not universally agreed. Hence, although a lot of information scientifically names dalandan as C. aurantium, we shall refer to it as C. sinensis. 3

Dalandan is rich in Vitamin C that gives protection to different diseases. And the skin or the outer covering of this dalandan is hard. The fruit stated is a citrus fruit that clearly helps the immune system very much. In this booklet about the immune system, Louise Tenney M.H. discusses dietary recommendations and supplements and herbs that help to improve immunity. The immune system is the body's main defense against disease and toxins. When the immune system isn't fuctioning properly, viruses and bacteria have free reign in the body. By focusing on prevention rather than treatment, these viruses and bacteria never have a chance to invade the body. And natural medicines like fruits, specifically, orange (dalandan), lemons, grapefruits, limes, etc.

Originally from China, dalandans have adapted to local conditions and have developed a terrific flavor that is both acidic yet sweet. They are somewhat similar to Valencia oranges. Perhaps because both are varieties of C. sinensis. Fresh Dalandans have bright and deep green skins, smell great, possess a natural shine and are firm to the touch. They have an obovate shape. They also have different traditional uses like gas pains: Take decoction of rind as tea, nausea and fainting: Squeeze rind near nostril for irritant inhalation, dried flowers used as preventive for dysentery, orange

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peel used in preparation of tincture of cinchona and tincture of gentian, dried rind is used as tonic dyspepsia and for general debility, dried rind is rubbed on the face for acne or eczema, and water distilled from the flowers used as stimulant.

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Chapter III METHODOLOGY Materials:    

Baygon Dalandan and Calamansi extract 5 cockroaches each set/ 10 cockroaches A table

Flow Chart:

Prepare 2 set-ups in a table.

Set A will be using Baygon. Set B will be using Dalandan and Calamansi extracts.

Open the Dalandan and Calamansi into half and get the extract inside.

Put at least 5 cockroaches in each setups.

Then spray the Baygon and Dalandan and Calamansi extract on each set.

Wait until 3 minutes, identify which is more effective.

After the experiment, record what you have observed and the result of it.

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CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION NO.OF COCKROACHES PER TRIAL

TRIAL 1 (5) TRIAL 2 (5) TRIAL 3 (5) TOTAL (15) AVERAGE (100%)

NO.OF COCKROACHES KILLED PER TRIAL

DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT 5 3 4 12 80%

BAYGON 4 4 3 11 73%

RESULT DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT VS. BAYGON

82%

Average of Dalandan & Calamansi extract and Baygon(100%)

80% 78% 76% 74% 72% 70% 68% Aloe Vera

Baygon

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DISCUSSION: (PREFER TO THE GRAPH and TABLE) The DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is higher and kills one cockroach ahead of BAYGON because while the researchers are doing the project they discover that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is very and highly acidic that can irritate the cockroach and kill cockroach. Although the BAYGON is effective but DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is effective one cockroach ahead. In the first trial, the DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT killed five cockroaches over five cockroaches while BAYGON killed four cockroaches. In the second trial, the DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT killed three cockroaches over five while BAYGON killed four cockroaches. In the third trial, the DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT killed four cockroaches over five while BAYGON killed five. So the over all score or rate of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is twelve over fifteen while BAYGON got eleven over fifteen. While, the average of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is 80% while BAYGON GOT 73%.

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CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECCOMENDATIONS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS: The researchers found out the following: 1) The researchers found out that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT has an ability to kill insects especially cockroaches. 2) And they also found out that it can be used as substitute for commercial products like BAYGON that can kill insects if commercial products are not available or cannot afford them. 3) They learned that in this experiment they can help people that cannot afford BAYGON or other commercial products they can just get DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT so they can kill insects. CONCLUSION: By the help of their experiment, the researchers found the answer to the main problem, specific problem, and hypothesis. The answer to the main problem is DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT can also be use to kill insects this can be proven by the results of the experiment they made. Because DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT has an ability to kill insects as seen in the result of the experiment. So the researcher can identify that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT can be use as an insecticide. The answer to the specific problem is DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is more effective than BAYGON because it kills more cockroaches than BAYGON after 5 minutes. The researchers found that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT is more effective than BAYGON because on their experiment that DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT kills one cockroach ahead of BAYGON after 5 minutes. The researchers can say that the hypothesis made is accepted because of the results of the experiment they’ve done and it is a successful experiment between DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT and BAYGON. Because the researchers had made a successful experiments and testing of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT and BAYGON to identify if DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT can be used as insecticide. RECCOMENDATIONS: The researchers would like to suggest the following for those who want to continue the project: 9

1) The researchers recommend if other researchers/scientists will also try the experiment they should improve the DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT in terms of the longevity of the effectiveness of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT. 2) And they may also learn way that can help to the use of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT as an insecticide.

3) They can also use their ideas for the improvement of DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT as insecticide.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOK: Cooper, Remi ,Antioxidants,page 20 Louise Tenney M.H.; Leo James English, : The Immune System ; Diksyunaryong Tagalog-Ingles, page 32 and

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INTERNET SITES: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamondin http://philorange.blogspot.com/

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APPENDIX Materials: Cockroaches

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract

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Baygon

PROCEDURES IN GETTING THE DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT 1) First get Dalandan and Calamansi

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2) Slice into half and squeeze to get the extract.

3) Put the Extract on a spray container.

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The Experiment: Two-Setups: Dalandan and Calamansi Extract and Baygon

START THE FIRST TRIAL: First the researchers put 5 cockroaches in each setups. Dalandan and Calamansi Extract got five cockroaches out of five Baygon got four cockroaches out of five

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SECOND TRIAL: THE RESEACHERS PUT AGAIN FIVE COCKROACHES.

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract got three cockroaches out of five. Baygon got four cockroaches out of five.

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THIRD TRIAL: THE RESEACHERS PUT AGAIN FIVE COCKROACHES.

Dalandan and Calamansi Extract got four cockroaches out of five. Baygon got three cockroaches out of five.

NO.OF COCKROACHES PER TRIAL

TRIAL 1 (5) TRIAL 2 (5) TRIAL 3 (5) TOTAL (15) AVERAGE (100%)

NO.OF COCKROACHES KILLED PER TRIAL

DALANDAN AND CALAMANSI EXTRACT 5 3 4 12 80% 17

BAYGON 4 4 3 11 73%

CURICULLUM VITAE MEMBERS: PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Vincent William C. Reyes AGE: 14 ADDRESS: L6 BLK16 Dona Rosario Subd., Novaliches, Quezon City BIRTHDAY: February 14, 1998 BIRTHPLACE: Manila EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND PRE-SCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2001-2003) ELEMENTARY: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2004-2010) HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Tiffany Kim Jian M. Tolentino AGE: 14 ADDRESS: # 29 San Ildefonso Drive Torres Village, Novaliches, Quezon City BIRTHDAY: January 21, 1998 BIRTHPLACE: San Fernando, Pampanga EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND PRE-SCHOOL: St. Anne School ELEMENTARY: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2004-2010) HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

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PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Danielle O. Esteban AGE: 13 ADDRESS: Blk. 27 Lot 32 Topaz st. VillaNova Subdivision, Novaliches, Quezon City BIRTHDAY: May 11, 1998 BIRTHPLACE: Novaliches, Quezon City EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND PRE-SCHOOL: Grace Montessori School ELEMENTARY: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2004-2010) HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present) PERSONAL INFORMATION NAME: Daniela B. Jungco AGE: 14 ADDRESS: Blk 12 Lot 32 Morning Sun St.,Northwind Subd, San Bartolome Novaliches , Quezon City BIRTHDAY: November 16 , 1997 BIRTHPLACE: Manila EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND PRE-SCHOOL: Little Susie Learning School (2002 - 2004) ELEMENTARY: Rosa L. Susano Elementary School (2004-2010) HIGHSCHOOL: Sto. Nino De Novaliches School (2010-present)

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