2. Combining Sentences in English. Compound Sentences

What is a compound sentence?

 A compound sentence consists of  two or more independent clauses joined together .   Each clause is of equal importance and can stand alone. - He opened the drawer. - He found his missing disk. (SO) (Coordinator)   He

disk.

opened the drawer , so he found his missing

There are three ways to join independent clauses to form a compound setence .  

I enjoy playing tennis but I hate playing golf.



I enjoy playing tennis however, I hate playing golf.



I enjoy playing tennis I hate playing golf.

Using a coordinator



I enjoy playing tennis but I hate playing golf. Using a conjunction



I enjoy playing tennis however, I hate playing golf.

Using a semicolon



I enjoy playing tennis I hate playing golf.



I enjoy playing tennis , but i hate playing golf. o

With a coordinator.

Independent clause ,  coordinator  Independent clause Coordinators (coordinating conjunctions) are   only seven which you remember by the acronym FAN BOYS: 

F

A

N

B

O

Y

S

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

Task 1: Read each compound sentence then guess the meaning of each coordinator. 

The Japanese have the longest life expectancy of any other people, for their diet is extremely healthful.



Many Americans, on the other side, do not eat a healthy diet, nor do they get enough exercise.



In the last twenty years, Americans have reduced their smoking, but Europeans seem to be smoking more than ever.

Europeans should change their smoking habits, or  they will risk developing lung cancer. 

F

For

Reason: explains why the first idea happened.

A

And

Two equal ideas: the two ideas are related.

N

Nor

And not: two negative equal ideas.

B

But

Contrast: 1- shows the difference between two items: things, people, …etc. 2- Shows the opposite of what you expect from the first idea.

I was feeling terribly unwell yesterday



I was feeling terribly unwell yesterday;   I did not do the washing, cooking and  I did not go to office.



I was terribly feeling unwell yesterday, yet  I did the washing up.

Idea 1 I was terribly feeling unwell yesterday

yet

Idea 2 I did the washing up

O

Or

Possibility, choice, alternative

Y

Yet

Contrast

S

So

Result: the second clause is the result of the first clause.

Task 3: Write compound sentences that could describe each picture /theme.



I enjoy playing tennis however, I hate playing golf. o

With a conjunctive adverb.

Independent clause ;  conjunctive adverb , Independent clause Conjunctive Adverb Furthermore, Besides, Moreover, Also, In

Meaning

Additional ideas

addition However, Nevertheless, Still, Nonetheless,

Contrast: opposing ideas

In contrast, Notwithstanding Otherwise

Show the result if something is not done

Consequently, Therefore, Thus, Accordingly,

Result

Hence, As a result, Henceforth For example, For instance

Illustration

In conclusion

Conclusion

In fact

Add emphasis to what you are saying

In other words

Give an explanation

Instead

In place of someone or something else

Meanwhile

At the same time as



I enjoy playing tennis I hate playing golf. o

With a semicolon.

Independent clause ; Independent clause

Task 1: Write compound sentences using appropriate punctuation (semicolon) to describe the following caricatures.