2. Basic CMG Workflow Course Notes_2010.10

Tutorial

Builder & Results Black Oil- Reservoir Simulation Model Using 2010 General Release: Builder and Imex Exercise 1

By Computer Modelling Group Ltd.

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Table of Contents A. REQUIRED FILES

4

B. STARTING CMG LAUNCHER

5

B.1 Introduction

5

B.2 Creating a Project in Launcher

7

C. CREATING A “BLACK OIL” MODEL USING BUILDER

6

C.1 Opening BUILDER

8

C.2 Selecting data

8

C.3 Explanation of Builder Window

9

C.4 Setting Input/Output Controls

13

C.5 Creating Reservoir Description Data

15

Loading Map and Creating the Simulation Grid

15

Assigning Structure Top, Thickness and Porosity

19

Creating Formula to Derive Perm from Porosity

26

Entering Rock Compressibility

31

C.6 Saving First Time Data-Set

24

C.7 Creating PVT Data

35

C.8 Creating Relative Permeability Data

30

C.9 Creating Initial Conditions

46

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C.10 Creating Well and Recurrent Data

47

Loading Well Trajectories and Perforation Data

47

Adding Historical Production Data

51

Averaging Production Data

54

Creating Field History File

56

Well Definitions and Constraints

57

Writing Restart Information

61

D. RUNNING THE MODEL IN IMEX

63

E. ADDING AN AQUIFER FOR HISTORY MATCHING THE RESERVOIR PRESSURE

65

F. REVIEWING THE SIMULATION RESULTS USING RESULTS GRAPH AND RESULTS 3D 67 G. USING THE HISTORY MATCHED MODEL IN A PREDICTION RUN

69

H. USING THE TRIGGER OPTION TO CONTROL THE INJECTION BASED ON SECTOR PRESSURE 78

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A. REQUIRED FILES: 1.

Depth to TOS Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)

2.

Gross Thickness Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)

3.

Porosity Map in AtlasBoundary Format (*.bna file)

4.

Data (Excel file)

5.

Well Trajectories in CMG Format(*.bna file)

6.

Well Perfs in CMG Format (*.perf file)

7.

Production-history (*.prd)

8.

Production-history (*.fhf)

9.

Pressure History (*.fhf)

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B. STARTING CMG LAUNCHER Start CMG Launcher  Double Click on the CMG icon

or

 Start/Program/CMG/Launcher

TOP SECT

MID SECT

BOT SECT

B.1.

Introduction Launcher is an application where you can manage files, invoke applications and manage runs. This window is divided into 3 sections:

1.

Top section (TOP SECT) is used to manage files: This is similar to Windows Explorer

2.

Middle section (MID SECT) is used to invoke applications: a. You can add/modify/remove/copy any of your favourite applications (like Excel, Word, WordPad etc) in this space along with CMGs applications  Select View | Program Icons | Add | or Right Click then  Select Add Icon b. In order to arrange these icons:

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 Select View | Program Tabs | Arrange Icons | Right Click then  Select Arrange Icon in Tabs c. For changing the program icon size:  Select View | Program Icon Size | 3.

Bottom Section (BOT SECT) is where you can manage runs and view the progress/message of each run  Right Click on the white space and  Select View Log File | or View Message

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B.2. 1.

Creating A Project In Launcher Go to the main Builder Menu  Select Projects | Add 1

1.

Browse, then  Select 1-Basic Workflow Field Unit | directory where you stored the data files

2.

Name the project BASIC CMG WORKFLOW MODELS

3.

Exit back to CMG Launcher  Click OK

4.

You should now have this directory displayed

2

3

4

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C. CREATING A “BLACK OIL” MODEL USING BUILDER C.1.

Opening Builder

Start CMG Launcher  Double click on the CMG icon C.2.

Selecting Data

1.

Select IMEX

2.

Select Field

3.

Select Single Porosity

4.

Select Simulation Starting date: a. Year:

1991

b. Month: 01 c. Day: 5.

01

Click OK

3 1

2

4 5

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6.

Click OK

6

TIPS: is Warning Message (Default Value is being used which is not fatal and simulator will run) is Error Message (something wrong or missing data) is Go-ahead Message Our goal is to get sections of builder

in all the

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C.3.

Explanation Of Builder Window To move from One plane to another in IJ,IK,JK view

To from IJAreal, IK crosssection, JK cross-section, 3D mode

To view change current viewed property

To change the dates

Top Menu bar, similar to Tree view with Popup Menu bar

Top Panel with commonly used icons (explained below in detail)

Tree view with Pop-Up menu bar similar to Top

Tree view with Objects for each menu of Pop-Up

Plot Area

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Top panel icon explanation:

1 2 3

4

5 6

7 8

9

10

11

12 13 14

15

16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25

1.

To Create a new data-set.

2.

To Open a new data-set.

3.

To Save the data-set.

4.

To Copy an existing image on the plot area as a „jpg‟ then paste it into PowerPoint or use Ctrl+C simultaneously

5.

To Print an existing image on the plot area.

6.

To Rotate your image continuously. It works only in 3D mode.

7.

To Slab your reservoir in many sections.

8.

To Cut your reservoir in the plot area. It works only in 3D mode.

9.

To Quick 3D view. This removes all the details on plot area and brings up cleaner looking 3D image only – Recommended only for presentation.

10.

To Switch between Stereographic mode to Non-Stereographic mode. This only important if your PC is equipped with Stereographic graphics card for 3D visualization.

11.

To Change the size of viewing area. Recommended to use “Full Window” for bigger working image.

12.

To Access the look and feel of current reservoir image on the plot area or Right Click on Plot area and Click Properties

13.

To Switch between adding/removing the Tree-view window. (Can be used when your grid/well -density is high and well‟s appear like dense Broccoli or when you are trying to add hydraulic fracture and want to edit multiple grid blocks. This will enlarge the plot area substantially).

14.

To Access Time Line view plot. This is summary plot of various events that occurring in your field (including change in rates, perforations, work-over etc.).

15.

To change to Probe Mode.

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16.

To Edit Grid, Create LGR, Split Grid Planes, Combine Layer

17.

To Edit Property

18.

To Edit Perforations or Add wells

19.

To Move the object on the screen.

20.

To Zoom the reservoir.

21.

To Pan the reservoir.

22.

To Rotate the reservoir in 3D mode.

23.

To add Sectors (It is greyed out in 3D mode)

24.

To add Aquifers (It is greyed out in 3D mode)

25.

To Add Lease Planes (It is greyed out in 3D mode)

*TIPS*: In 3D mode, if you have active then, you can also Zoom by Holding simultaneously Control Key + Left Mouse Button and then moving the mouse *TIPS*: In 3D mode, if you have active then, you can also Pan by Holding simultaneously Shift Key + Left Mouse Button and then moving the mouse

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C.4. 1.

Setting Input/Output Controls Go to the Model Tree View  Select I/O Control | Simulation Results Output

1

2.

Click Select tab

2

5

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3.

This brings up Select variables window(where you can pick any additional variables that you want to output)

3

4

4.

Click OK (We will default settings for now)

5.

Click OK again to return to Main Builder window

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C.5.

Creating Reservoir Description Data

 Loading map and Creating the Simulation Grid 1.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select File | Open Map File

1 1

2.

Select Atlas Boundary format | from the Map Type drop down list

3.

Select Units type as ft

4.

Select Atlas Boundary file | Browse then clicking the file The (depth to) Top- ofStructure map file called Depth to TOS Map in Atlas Boundary Format.bna

5.

Select OK

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2 3

4

5

6.

Select Full Window | under-drop down menu for Increasing the viewing window

7.

Maximize the screen for a better view by clicking on the window maximise button (the square in the top right of the windows)

6

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8.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select Reservoir | Create Grid | Orthogonal Corner Point | Will explore other grid creation option later

8

9.

Enter the following data:  I direction 25 | the number of grids in the I-direction  J direction 35 | the number of grids in the J-direction  K direction 4 | the number of grids in the K-direction  I direction box 25*360 | specify a constant I-direction gridblock length of 360 ft for all 25 I-direction columns  J direction box 35*410 | specify a constant J-direction gridblock length of 410 ft for all 35 J-direction rows.

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9

9

10

10.

Click OK

11.

Hold down Shift key and hold down left mouse button to move (pan) grid

12.

Hold down Ctrl key and hold down left mouse button to rotate grid

13.

Align the grid with the fault so that a grid block boundary lies along it, and the grid covers the whole map area.

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 Assigning Structure Top, Thickness and Porosity 1.

Select

| to change display control to Probe mode

2.

Select Specify Property | to open the General Property Specification spreadsheet as shown below Or expanding Tree View of Array Properties and double click required property - in this case Grid Top. 1

2

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3.

Select the box at the intersection of the Layer 1 row and the Grid Top column

4.

Right click in this box and select the Geological Map option as the data source.

3

7

4

5.

Select the Values in file1 button, then Browse for and Select the top-of-structure map file called Depth to TOS Map in Atlas Boundary Format.bna

5

6

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6.

Select OK to return to the General Property Specification spreadsheet display.

7.

Select the cell at the intersection of the Layer 1 row and the Grid Thickness column

8.

Right-Click to Select the Geological Map option as the data source type

9.

Select the Values in file1 box of Property Specification Window, then Browse for and Select the thickness-of-structure called Gross Thickness Map in AtlasBoundary Format.bna

10.

Enter 0.25 in the times box in order to allocate 25% of the total thickness map to each of the 4 layers in the grid.

9

11.

10

Copy the Grid Thickness/Layer 1 cell contents and Paste it into the Layer 2, Layer 3 and Layer 4 Grid Thickness column cells to complete the specification of Grid Thickness source data for each of the 4 layers in the grid. Or Ctrl-C and Ctrl-V keystrokes to copy specifications for the first layer to the other 3 just as in a regular spreadsheet.

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11

12

12.

Select the cell at the intersection of the Layer 1 row and the Porosity column

13.

Right-Click to Select the Geological Map option as the data source type

13

14.

Select the Values in file1 button (similarly to step 5), then Browse for and Select the Porosity Map in AtlasBoundary Format.bna.

15.

Copy the Porosity/Layer 1 cell contents and Paste it into the Layer 2, Layer 3 and Layer 4 Porosity column cells

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15

16.

Check Grid Thickness, Grid Top, Porosity in Block / Corner Value Calculation

17.

Click OK to populate the grid with top-of-structure and grid thickness data. This operation is performed by BUILDER using the specified map data to interpolate grid cell values 16

TIP

17

*TIPS*: Sometimes due to low density of contour lines in a map, you might experience sharp edges that extend all the way to the surface. This can be removed by checking 4th or 3rd box, which will assign some values to each gridblock.

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18.

To view 3D, change the display mode from IJ-2D aerial to 3D view in the top left hand drop-down menu to better visualize the grid and property data you have just finished creating values 19 18

19.

To rotate the model, select the rotate 3D view button (from the toolbar), then Rotate the display by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse. You can also Enlarge or Shrink the grid by holding down the Ctrl key and left mouse button while moving the mouse. Finally you can Pan the grid by holding down the Shift key and left mouse button while moving *TIPS: At any time if you want to get back to original view size, then Right click in the plot area and Select Full reservoir View. This will resize your reservoir to default.

20.

To remove the contour map from the display, Right-Click the mouse while the cursor is anywhere on the grid display area, then Select Properties from the displayed menu (at the bottom of list), then Select Geologic Maps from the tree view, and (finally) Uncheck the Show Map box

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20

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 Creating Formula to Derive Perm from Porosity 1.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select Tools | Enter a Formula | option to create an equation for calculating permeability from porosity.

1

2.

Change the name of the formula from Scheme 1 to Perm Formula 1

*TIPS: Once the Name is assigned to a Formula, it can never be changed. You can however edit any formula 3.

Select Add to List of Independent Variables, then Select Porosity

4.

Click OK.

5.

Entering the formula: a. Enter the partial formula: 5*EXP(20* b. Highlight Porosity variable X0 c. Select „Insert Selected into Formula’ d. Enter the right bracket symbol on the calculator ). The formula should look like 5*EXP(20*X0)

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2

5b

3

5a

5c

5d

4

Specify Property | in the top right hand side of screen

6.

Select

7.

Right-Click in the Whole Grid cell under the Permeability I column, then Select Formula.

8.

Select Perm Formula 1 | from Available Formula window

9.

Click Close

10.

Click OK

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7

10

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8

9

11.

Right-Click in the Whole Grid cell under the Permeability J column, then Select EQUALSI Then Click OK

11

12

12.

Right-Click in the Whole Grid cell under the Permeability K column, then Select EQUALSI

13.

Under drop-down menu Select * and then Enter 0.1 in the Value box ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability. Finally Click OK.

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13

13

14.

Click OK to go back to main area

14

15.

Click OK to populate the grid with Permeability data.

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15

 Enter Rock Compressibility

*TIPS*: Right click under the tree view structure and you can validate the particular section. 16

16.

Validation process gives you useful information on error/warning messages.

Double Click Rock Compressibility

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17.

Enter the following data  CPOR 2e-6 | Rock compressibility  PRPOR 4000 | Reference pressure

17

18.

Double Click Compaction/Dilation Regions tab (on the treeview)

19.

Create a New Region

19

20.

Enter the following data  CPOR 2e-6 | Rock compressibility  PRPOR 4000 | Reference pressure

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20

21

21.

Click Apply|OK

This completes Reservoir Description Section and you should have got 

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C.6. 1.

Saving First Time Data Set Select File, and then Click Save

1

2.

Name the file as Basecase.dat

3.

You have option to save this file as three text array methods  Default | Right now we will chose Default  Text optimized for size and speed  Text optimized for readability

4.

Type any Comments in the white space provided at the bottom which will be appended at the top of the dataset

5.

Click OK

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4

2

3

5

C.7.

Creating PVT data

1.

Click the Component Tab | MODEL

2.

Click the Launch Dialog to Create BLACKOIL Model Using Correlations

3.

Click OK | This mode is called Quick Model creation, which uses default set of correlations to generate PVT properties 2

3

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4.

Fill the table with following values: a. Reservoir Temperature:

150 F

b. Generate data upto Max. Pressure of:

5100 psi

c. Bubble point pressure calculation (Select Value Provided under drop down menu): 4900 psi d. Oil Density at STC (Select Stock tank Oil Gravity(API) under drop down menu): 35 e. Gas Density at STC (Select Gas gravity (Air=1) under drop down menu):

0.70

f. Reference Pressure for Water Properties: 4000 psi g. Pressure Dependence of Water viscosity: 0 cp/psi h. Water Salinity:

100000 ppm 4

5

5.

Click OK

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6

6.

To view PVT table

 Double Click PVT Region: 1 7

8

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7.

To add multiple PVT regions  Click

8.

| Right now we will stick with single PVT region.

To view/select the correlations that have been used in Quick PVT Model creation process  Click | Generate PVT Table Using Correlations | to view/edit the correlation generated for the black-oil PVT data (tabular or plotted). You can edit the data in the table or by dragging points on the plotted curve.

9.

To edit properties that were created in previous step  Select General tab  Click

| Generate Water Properties Using Correlations

10. Close the PVT Table window to complete the Components section

C.7. 1.

Creating Relative Permeability Data Go to the Model Tree View  Click Rock Fluid | Create | Edit Rock Types 1

2.

Select New Rock Type by clicking on the

3.

Uncheck

button.

 Include capillary pressure hysteresis (imbibition curve)  Include capillary pressure (drainage cure if using hysteresis) | since we don‟t want to model hysteresis effect. 4. Open DATA.xls file | It locates in 1-Basic WorkFlow Field Units folder.  Ctrl-C keystroke to copy Water-oil relative permeability data  Ctrl-V keystroke to paste copied data to Water-Oil Relative Permeability Table 38 | P a g e Copyright ©Computer Modelling Group, Inc. Confidential

2

3

Ctrl-V

4 Table: Water-Oil relative permeability table from DATA.xls spreadsheet

Ctrl-C

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5.

Select Liquid-Gas Table (Liquid Saturation) | under the Relative Permeability Table dropdown menu

6.

Uncheck  Include capillary pressure hysteresis (imbibition curve)  Include capillary pressure (drainage cure if using hysteresis)

7. Open DATA.xls file again (similar Step 4)  Ctrl-C keystroke to copy Liquid-Gas relative permeability data from spreadsheet (DATA.xls)  Ctrl-V keystroke to paste copied data Liquid-Gas Relative Permeability Table

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5 6

Ctrl-V

7

Ctrl-C

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 Relative Permeability Smoothing 8.

Go to the Model Tree View  Click Rock Fluid |Create | Edit Rock Types ... 8

9.

Select Water-Oil Table | from Relative Permeability Table drop down menu

9

10. Click

| Smooth Table 10

11. Select Power law for all properties 12. Select Smooth Curves 13. Select OK 14. Click Apply

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11

12

13

15

14

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16. Select Liquid-Gas Table (Liquid Saturation) | from Relative Permeability Table drop down menu

9

17. Repeat Steps 10-15 | Below are relative permeability curves after smoothening

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18. Information Step (Not part of Tutorial) You can also Generates the Rock-Fluid relative permeability table using the correlations.

 Click

| Generate Tables Using Correlation

19. Enter the saturation end points parameters for the Analytical relative permeability curves generation (Not part of Tutorial)

20.

The Rock Fluid section should have a green check mark. Save the file at this time.

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C.9. 1.

Creating Initial Conditions Go to the Model Tree view, Click Initial Conditions and Type the following values in the available fields: a. Reference Pressure:

4000 psi

b. Reference Depth:

10000 ft

c. Water-Oil Contact:

10100 ft

d. Constant Bubble Point Pressure (PB):

4900 psi

1c

1a 1b

1d

3

2

2.

Click Apply

3.

Click OK

4.

At this point it is advisable to save the data by Click File | Save

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C.10. Creating Well and Recurrent Data  Loading Well Trajectories and Perforation data 1.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select Well | Well Trajectories | Well Trajectories... | or  Select File | Import from another file | Well Trajectories...

1

2.

Select File Type as Table Format | Trajectory file type

3.

Select File Units as ft for x,y and z,MD

4.

Browse, then  Select Well Trajectories in CMG Format.wdb file

3 2 4

5

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5.

Click Next

6.

Check the box Clear all existing trajectories | You have an option to select or remove any unwanted trajectories to load. We will load all the trajectories

7.

Click Next

6

7

8.

To load the perforation history file  Click Go to Perfs | or  Select Well | Well Trajectories | Trajectory Perforation Intervals...

9.

Click Read File | It will help you load the “time-dependent” perforation history. You can also use Quick perfs for exploration projects where you do not have perforation data

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8

9

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10.

Open trajectory file  Select Well Perfs in CMG Format.perf file  Select Field (ft) in File unit selection

10

10

11

11.

Click Open | If this is done correctly, the window will be like

12

12.

Click Apply | OK. This completes the trajectories and Perforation of the wells in the model.

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 Adding Historical Production Data to the Model 1.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select Well | Import Production | Injection Data

2.

Browse, then  Select production-history.prd file

3.

Click Next

2

3

4.

Highlight the first line containing the production data (top window) and well name (lower window)

5.

Click Next

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4

4

5 6.

Click Next | If the delimiters look good and the columns are separated correctly

6

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7.

Go to Columns 1,3,4,5,6 and in the identifier row a. Choose Well |Group Name b. Choose Oil Produced c. Choose Water Produced d. Choose Gas Produced e. Choose MSCF/day

7a

7b

7c

7d 7e

8

8.

Click Next

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9 9.

Click Finish This is the place showing you which well’s production data has been picked up and which well is not. For example, the program could not find any production data from well 5, 7 and 9. Since wells 5, 7 and 9 have no production history, the easiest action is to delete them from the model. We will do this later

10.

The Simulation Dates window will appear  Click Close

 Averaging Production Data Next thing we want to do is to generate the well recurrent data for every month.

1.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select Well | Average Production/Injection Data...

2.

Move your mouse on the y-axis  Right click | A menu will show up to allow you to change the average interval from this point on to monthly, bi-annually, yearly, etc

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3.

Select Reset all intervals to every month

4.

Click OK

3

4

5.

Click 1992-01-01 (365) check box | Date you want to stop the simulation

6.

Click Close

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5

6

 Creating Field Production History (*.fhf) for History Match This file (*.fhf) is required if you want to compare the historical fluid data to simulation fluid data in RESULTS Graph. If you had loaded Pressure data through the Production loading Wizard, then you will have option to create separate historical pressure data file, however since we have not loaded pressure data, this option is greyed out currently 1.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select Well | Create Field History File | then provide a filename (or you can just use the default

2.

Click OK

If you had loaded injection or well head/bottom hole pressure data then separate injection/pressure *.fhf file is created

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2

 Well Definition and Constraints For those wells that have no production history, we can either delete them or define them as a producer or injector and shut-in the wells so that they will not affect the history match 1.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select Wells & Recurrent  Right Click on Well 5 | Delete

2.

Click Yes | Completely delete Well_5

3.

Go to Well_7  Right Click on Well 7 | Properties

4.

Select INJECTOR MOBWEIGHT | for the type

5.

Check Auto-apply | check box

6.

Click Apply

7.

Click OK

8.

Go to the Constraints tab, Check Constraint definition | box

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2

4

5

7

6

8 9

10

11

9.

Select OPERATE | under Constraint column

10.

Type 3625 psi | under Value column

11.

Click Apply | OK

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12.

Go to the Option tab | Check Status | under status box

13.

Select SHUTIN | under Type/Value column

14.

Click Apply | OK

12

13

14

15.

Click Apply | OK

16.

Copy all the above specifications to Well 9. To do that, make sure you are looking at “Well 7” in the Name/Date list.  Highlight the following Events (for Well 7) by clicking on them with your mouse and pressing down the Ctrl key to select multiple items: INJECTOR, constraints, injected fluid, SHUTIN  Right Click around the highlighted section, and select Copy events using filter... This will open a new window. Or Press the Tools button at the bottom of the screen and select Copy events using filter...

16

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17.

In the Select Wells tab  Check Well_9 and Highlighted

17 17

18.

In the Select Dates tab  Check 1991-01-01 date and Highlighted

18 18

19

19.

Press Search&Add button then OK

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20.

If everything was done correctly, your tree view in the Well Events window should look like

21

21.

Click OK

22.

Please save data by Click File | Save

 Write Out Restart information to a Restart File 1.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select I/O Control | Restart

2.

Click Enable Restart Writing | box

3.

Click on

4.

Click OK

button to add the date for which you want to write restart information

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2

3

4

5

5.

Click OK.

We now have a dataset that includes instructions to create “restart records”, you will be able to use it to make future “prediction or forecast” runs without having to recalculate the historical portion of the data 6.

Click OK

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6

D. RUNNING THE IMEX DATASET If everything is OK, you should be able to run the dataset using IMEX. 1.

Locate the file Basecase.dat in your launcher

2.

Drag and Drop it onto the IMEX 2010.10 icon and Release the mouse

3.

To submit/run a simulation job, you can either  Select Run immediately with mx201010.exe | If there are no errors, a MS-DOS window will open up and show you the progress of the run. When finished, the MS-DOS window will be terminated and shows a brief summary of results. Or  Select Submit to Scheduler | Local | use this option in the tutorial

4.

Click OK

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3

4

5.

Right Click on the current run and Select View Log File

5

6.

New files created by IMEX during the run include  Basecase.out: an ASCII file containing simulator output in the old “printer” style format  Basecase.irf: an ASCII file containing pointers to data locations in the Base case.mrf file used by RESULTS Graph, RESULTS 3D and RESULTS Report for data display and exporting  Basecase.mrf: a binary file containing simulator output.

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 Basecase.log: an ASCII file containing information about the run.

 Basecase.err: an ASCII file containing errors encountered during the run

E. ADDING AN AQUIFER FOR HISTORY MATCHING THE RESERVOIR PRESSURE The next thing we want to do is add an aquifer, and try to History Match the Average Reservoir Pressure 1.

Drag and Drop Basecase.dat onto the Builder 2010.10 icon and release the mouse

2.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select Reservoir | Create/Edit Aquifers... or  Click

3.

icon

Select The aquifer is to be connected to the bottom of the reservoir | box

3

4.

Select Carter-Tracey (limited extent) for Modelling Method and Leakage is allowed for Leak, leave all other items blank

5.

Add the aquifer pressure function tables based on the extent of aquifer size ratio to reservoir size. Let say our aquifer is 3.5 times bigger than our reservoir  Select Table for R-Ratio=3.5

6.

Select OK | to exit the panel to return to the model display area

7.

Click Apply | OK

8.

Go to File | Save As | to save the file name as Basecase_AQ.dat

9.

Click OK | to save the file and Exit Builder, Click Yes|OK to confirm save changes

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4

4

7

5

6

10.

Drag and Drop Basecase_AQ.dat onto the IMEX 2010.10 icon and Release the mouse to run simulation

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F. REVIEWING THE SIMULATION RESULTS USING RESULTS GRAPH AND RESULTS 3D We can now look at the simulation run and compare it with the historical data and see how the reservoir would perform, so those 3 cases are:  Basecase.irf | reservoir without aquifer  Basecase_AQ.irf | reservoir with aquifer  Pressure History.fhf | field history 1.

Drag and Drop Basecase_AQ.irf onto the Results Graph 2010.10 icon.

2.

Go to the main Results Menu  Select File | Open CMG Simulation Results  Select Basecase.irf

We now have both simulation results loaded so that we can compare them 3.

Go to the main Results Menu  Select File | Open Field History  Select Pressure History.fhf

4.

Right Click on Plot 1 or Click on Add Curve icon

4

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5.

In the Results Graph – Add Curves  Select Basecase.irf | in the File box  Select Special History | in the Origin Type box  Select Pressure: PRES Average Reservoir Pressure | in the Parameter box

5

6

6.

Click OK.

7.

Repeat the same steps (4 to 6) but this time  Select Basecase_AQ.irf and Pressure History.fhf | in the File box as we want to compare the simulated data with the historical input data. You should now see a plot similar to:

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8.

You can also enter the 3D display area from here (Results 3D) and both types of display are linked together. When you exit Results 3D or Graph, the .ses (line plot) or .3tp (3D image) file referred to is a template that you can use to re-create the images that you have generated using the same or other input files.

9.

Results 3D and Graph are very intuitive and most things can be accessed by the menus or by right mouse clicking on the display areas.

G. USING THE HISTORICAL DATA RESTART FILE IN A PREDICTION RUN We now completed dataset with the historical match run. We are going to use the Restart Run feature to make the future prediction runs without having to rerun the historical data portion 1.

Drag and Drop Basecase_AQ.dat onto the Builder 2010.10 icon.

2.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select File | Save As new name Basecase_Prediction.dat

We want to predict the reservoir performance until 1/1/2000 if the producers are fixed to a minimum BHP of 2175 psi

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3.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select I/O Control | Restart  Click Restart from previous simulation run (RESTART) | box

4.

Browse to select Basecase_AQ.irf

5.

Select 1992/01/01 or Last Time Step

6.

Click OK

3 4

5

6

7.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select Wells & Recurrent  Expand Dates  Double Click on the date 1992-01-01

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8.

If set STOP is checked on 1992-01-01, uncheck it

9.

Click Add a range of dates button

10.

Enter the range of dates  From 1992-01-01  To

2000-01-01

11.

Click OK

12.

Click OK | to add 96 new dates 7

9

10 8 11

13.

If set STOP is checked on 1992-01-01 again, Uncheck it and  Check 2000-01-01

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12

13

14

14.

Click Close

15.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select Wells & Recurrent  Expand Wells  Double Click on the Well 1

16.

Change the date to 1992-01-01

17.

Check the Auto-apply | check box

18.

Select Constrain tab | to  Check Constraint definition box  Uncheck Change current primary constraint (ALTER) box

19.

Click to parameter STO surface oil rate

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20.

Click Delete button

21.

Change OPERATE, BHP bottom hole pressure, MIN to 2175 psi 16 18 19

20

18

17

23

21

22.

Click OK | a new constraint will be created in the date 1991-09-01 for Well 1. The next task will be to copy the same constraint to all the other wells to do the forecast.

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23.

Go to the Model Tree View again  Select Wells & Recurrent  Expand Wells  Double Click on the Well 1

24.

Highlight Well 1 constrains

25.

Select Tools | Copy events using filter

24

25

26.

On the Select Wells tab  Select Producers | then Click Select button

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26

27.

On the Select Dates tab Press the Clear List button.  Check on 1992-01-01  Check on Do you want to create new dates | This option creates new date for wells which are already shut in because of production history event

28.

Click Clear List button

29.

Click Search & Add button

30.

Click OK | All the wells except Wells 7 & 9 will have a new constraint starting 1992-01-01

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27

27

29 30

31.

Click OK | to return main menu

32.

Save file now. Now All check marks must be green

33.

We can now exit Builder and drag and drop the Basecase_Prediction.dat file onto the IMEX 2010.10 icon to run it

We can now look at the simulation run and compare it with the historical data and see how the reservoir would continue to perform, so those 2 cases are:  Basecase_Prediction.irf | reservoir with aquifer  Production-history.fhf | field history 34.

Drag and Drop Basecase_Prediction.irf onto the Results Graph 2010.10 icon.

35.

Go to the main Results Menu  Select File | Open Field History...  Select Production-history.irf

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36.

Right Click on Plot 1 or Click on Add Curve icon

37.

In the Results Graph – Add Curves  Select basecase_prediction.irf | in the File box  Select Well | in the Origin Type box  Select Oil Rate SC | in the Parameter box  Select Well_1 | in the Origin box

38.

Click OK

37

38

39.

Repeat the same steps (36 to 38) but this time

Select Production-history.fhf | in the File box. You should now see a plot similar to: 77 | P a g e Copyright ©Computer Modelling Group, Inc. Confidential

40.

To obtain the same plot for all the producers, pressing the Repeat Plots button.

41.

Right Click on Plot 1 and select Add Plot. Repeat to obtain the Water Cut plot

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H. USING THE TRIGGER OPTION TO CONTROL THE INJECTION BASED ON SECTOR PRESSURE We are going to use the Trigger feature to start the Injector wells (Well 7 and Well 9) when the average reservoir pressure drops below 2300 psi. 1.

Drag and Drop Basecase_Prediction.irf onto the Builder 2010.10 icon.

2.

Go to the main Builder Menu  Select File | Save As new name Basecase_Trigger.dat

We want to predict the reservoir performance until 1/1/2000 if the producers are fixed to a minimum BHP of 2175 psi. But here we got limitation on our compressor which can’t lift the oil if the average reservoir pressure falls below 2300 psi. Therefore we are going to start injector well to support the pressure when pressure falls below 2300 psi. 3.

Go to the Model Tree View  Select Wells & Recurrent  Double Click on the Trigger

4.

In the Well Management Trigger  Select 1992-01-01 | in the Date box  Type Pressure Control | in the Trigger Name box  Select Sector | under Apply On dropdown menu  Select PAVE: Pore volumn Weighted Pressure | under When dropdown menu  Define trigger value less than < 2300 psi  Type OPEN „Well_7‟ „Well_9‟ | inside action box

5.

Click Apply

6.

Click OK

7.

Save and Exit Builder and run Basecase_Trigger.dat

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6

5

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