1MW Utility Scale Solar PV Power Plant

Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant Acknowledgement

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This analysis based report is done for the readers of my previous report 1MW Utility Scale SPV Power Plant, mainly for the readers from South region of INDIA as they are asking repeatedly about the probability and feasibility-technical & Financial-of a SPV power plant in their region. At the same time it s not possible for me to design a report for each and every state from South India, so I took Chennai city. Also the previous report was not so detail, was very basic and meant to the readers who want to get an overview on how a utility scale power plant works. Now, in this report, I discuss about in depth. From panel s selection to CB sizing all are presented in very detail. Hope, this time you get a strong knowledge on designing and estimation of 1MW solar PV power plant. Unlike the previous report, the financial aspect discussed at the end of the paper. In this paper, the financial assessment has done in very detail and considering the current scenario of SPV market including the cost of solar PV modules, inverters cost, cable, transformer etc. prices and the funding, interest rate. And if you have any queries or need clarification, please contact at [email protected] or [email protected] .

Disclaimer

The presented data here are NOT TAKEN from any copyright materials and not showing under my name. The meteo data collected from NASA website and NREL database which is free over the internet. Designing of PV system is totally based on the practical experience of the author.

Assumption & Consideration Shading consideration: No shading has been considered at the site during the calculation design. So it is advised that at the time of execution, please check whether there is any kind of obstacle in the site which may cause partial/full shading on PV strings and/or PV array. If the shading occurs, then the estimated power generation will not match the actual power generated. Load Factor: It is assumed that the produced power from the PV plant will be fed to the local utility grid. So, while designing the system, no unbalanced load considered in 3 phase configuration. Meteo data: The calculation based on the meteo data collected from NASA website which is very reliable. Now, based on the co-ordinates the values have been presented in this report. So, total design is based on this data. For a different location (coordinates), the system design will differ. It is advised not to copy and implement the design without consulting the author or any certified PV professional because this design estimation is valid only for a particular site.

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

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Site consideration: this design has been done by considering the PV modules & array will be ground-mounted and the site-elevation angle taken 30 . Cost Estimation: 1MW Solar PV power plant cost estimation has done considering the current PV market scenario (Sept-Dec 2013), so after few months the cost may vary according the market. CAD design & layout: I have not uploaded/attached the CAD design. If anybody interested in setting up the plant then only contact at the given e-mail ids to get the design file. Transmission & wheeling losses: Here, in this report, while doing the technical assessment, the distance from nearest substation to the 1MW solar PV power plant taken within 1.5 KM and so the wheeling losses considered as 3% of total power transmission. And in the financial assessment, no wheeling charges have been considered.

Design Criteria: While designing & estimating the technical components & solutions, all the required/applicable standard design codes have been considered. Mainly the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Codes, IS codes from BIS have been considered thoroughly.

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

Contents

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1) Introduction 2) Project details 3) Location metrological details 4) Determination of optimum tilt angle 5) Solar power plant overview 6) Module selection & sizing 7) Inverter selection & sizing 8) Transformer selection 9) Other protective devices including switch gear details 10) Cable sizing & selection 11) Civil works details 12) Performance analysis & simulation 13) Timeline of the project 14) Operation & maintenance structure of the plant 15) Financial calculation, estimation of NCF, Payback period 16) Guide on selection of various components 17) Conclusion 18) About the Author

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant Introduction

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India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation. In the solar energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km2 area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 GW to 2,100 GW. Also India's Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has released the JNNSM Phase 2 Draft Policy, by which the Government aims to install 10GW of Solar Power and of this 10 GW target, 4 GW would fall under the central scheme and the remaining 6 GW under various State specific schemes. The Electricity Act, 2003, paves way for an innovative approach to solve our country s power problems. It has paved the way for a competitive environment; open access to existing transmission and distribution network to transmit electricity across regions; de-licensing of generation, captive power and dedicated transmission lines; licensing of distribution and supply companies and the restructuring of State Electricity Boards. The Ministry of Power has mandated to promote cogeneration and renewable sources for Power generation under Nodal agencies and hence it will play a major role in mainstreaming renewable energy sector. The advantage or renewable resources includes their capacity to produce energy without producing carbon-based warming and polluting agents into the atmosphere. The financial cost of its applications is not always cheap but if the environmental costs of using fossil are accounted for, renewable energy wins hands-down. There are also indirect savings on health and its costs as there are no harmful emissions. In the above backdrop, YOUR COMPANY NAME has decided to set up a 1/1000 MW/KW Solar Power Plant. This Detailed Project Report (DPR) brings out all technical details and overall costs justifying the selection of the project. The total power generation is envisaged to be 1050KW from Solar Photovoltaic Cell. It is a very important document that is required for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies, fixation of tariff, finalizing Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and also for submission to Financial Institutions for obtaining project funding. The total project cost is expected to be Rs ___ Crores and the average cost of generation is expected to be Rs. 7.5/kWh (ASSUMED). For this project, poly-crystalline technology based 3rd generation Solar PV modules will be used. Along with this, highly efficient, photon-tested string inverters going to be integrated to the system. These technologies are the best in the industry. So, It s clear that our project is not compromising with the quality of the materials and or the components which obviously led this project to success.

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant Client details

Country

Location

Contact id

[email protected]

company

ABCXYZ

abc

Purpose

Power generation & distribution to State utility grid

Site & Meteo Details

Ambient 0 Temperature( C)

Relative humidity

Daily Solar irradiationHorizontal Atmospheric Pressure Wind Speed

Earth temperature Height from sea level

10.5, 78.5 (assumed)

Max 28.5

Average 27.2 72.5%

Min 25.5

5.19 KWh/m /day 2

100.1 kPA Max 29.6

India CHENNAI

Contact Person

Location coordinates

Queries@ [email protected]

2.7 m/s

Average 28.8 10m

Min 26.4

Project Details

Type of installation

Ground-mounted

Shading consideration

Shade-free

Phase connection

3-phase

Available/required area

20000 m2(apprx)

Estimated array peak power Grid voltage

Grid frequency Safety level

1100KWp

11KV 50Hz IP65

Site Location/Layout

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

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Solar Irradiation

6 Solar Irradiation

KWh/m2/day

5 4 3 2 1 0

31

Air & earth temperature-monthly

30 29 28 27

Air temperature

earth temperature

26 25 24 23

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

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Optimum Tilt Angles For Solar PV Array Adjusted by Months Jan 34°

Feb 26°

Mar 13°

Apr 0°

May 11°

Jun 14°

Jul 12°

Aug 5°

Sep 6°

Oct 19°

Nov 29°

Dec 35°

Figures shown in degrees from vertical Winter

56° angle

Summer

Spring/Autumn

104°angle

80°angle

On the 21st December, the sun will rise 87° east of due south and set 87° west of due south. On the 21st March/21st September, the sun will rise 91° east of due south and set 91° west of due south. On the 21st June, the sun will rise 95° east of due south and set 95° west of due south.

Irradiation Data on different tilt angles (respect to horizontal surface, KWh/m2/day) Months January February March April May June July August September October November December Annual avg.

100 5.04 5.98 6.51 5.76 5.78 5.28 4.99 5.09 5.33 4.67 4.27 4.5 5.26

250 5.35 6.16 6.41 5.39 5.65 5.22 4.9 4.9 5.14 4.69 4.44 4.78 5.25

120 5.41 6.16 6.52 5.85 5.78 5.29 4.99 5.1 5.34 4.71 4.45 4.84 5.36

* Here, 120 angle at AM1.5 has been chosen as fixed south faced model for the project www.renewpowerzone.in

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant Solar PV System Design System Overview

SPV Array Peak Power No. of SPV strings Connection of PV modules in each string Inverter Inverter Type/Topology Total no. of Inverters Strings/Inverter

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1082KWp 206 Series 20KW MPPT based 3 phase string Inverter MPPT & Transformer Less 53 4/1

Modular Components Components

Solar PV modules

Specification

Non-Modular Components Components Inverters

Transformer SCADA/Monitoring System Circuit Breaker DC Disconnect Switch Gear

Distribution Panel Isolator Cables

Max Peak Power=250Wp Voc= 36V ;Vmp= 29V Isc= 9.25A ; Imp= 8.65A

Electrical Specification

20KW, 3Phase &MPPT; Vmax= 800V 1250KVA Integrated with Remote Monitoring system web based

Quantity

Make

Quantity

Make

4326

53 1 1

Inverter to Busbar= 46A 3p; busbar/Panel box to transformer= 1600A 3p;

53 1

Rated voltage=12KV; Rated main busbar current(Max)=1250A; SC withstand capacity = 25KA/3s Dynamic capacity= 50KA

1

1000V,20Amps

206

NA

1

Vmax= 12KV; Max cont. current=1250A DC Side= 10 mm2 AC Side=LT: 16mm2 & HT: 185mm2

1

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

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Solar PV Module Specification & Array Sizing Details Required Electrical Characteristics of SPV Modules Design criteria

IEC-61853-1

Watt Peak

Required Operating Condition Details:

250Wp

VOC

Maximum System Voltage (IEC) Maximum Fuse Rating

37.20V

VMPP

30.10V

ISC

Limiting Reverse Current Operating Temp Range Max Static Loadfront(Snow+Wind) Max Static LoadRear(wind)

8.87A

IMPP

8.30A

Module Efficiency/module area Power Tolerance

15% ±2%

Technology

Si-Poly

No. of cells

1000V 15A 15A

(-10 to 60) C 0

5500PA 2500PA

60 cells in series Model design parameters

Required Temperature Co-efficient Characteristics @ STC NOCT ( C) o

o

Module Efficiency

(%/ C)

Temp. Co-Eff. Of Voc

(%/ C)

o

Temp. Co-Eff. Of Pmax (%/ C) Temp Co-Eff. of Isc

45 ± 2 C

o

o

(%/ C) o

-0.07 ± 0.01

-0.43 ± 0.05 -0.34 ± 0.05 0.065± 0.05

R shunt

250 ohm

R shunt (G=0)

2100 ohm

R series model

0.29 ohm

R series max

0.37 ohm

R series apparent

0.47 ohm

PV Module Behavior at different irradiance level PV Parameters @ 1000W/m2 @800 W/m2 PMPP VOC VMPP ISC IMPP Module efficiency Temperature co-eff

249.8.2W 37.2V 30.1V 8.87A 8.31A 15.54% -0.43%/0C

200.6 W 36.8 V 30.2 V 6.64A 7.10A 15.32% -0.43%/0C

@ 400 W/m2 100.00 35.8V 30.1V 3.55A 3.33A 15.27% -0.44%/0C

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

Solar PV Array Sizing & Connection Details conditions At STC (250C) Suggested array Size Actual Solar PV Array Size Watt Peak of each SPV module Total nos. of SPV module required Total nos. of strings Nos. of SPV modules in each string SPV connection in each string String voltage (VMPP) String current (ISC / IMPP) Connection of strings Array voltage (VOC / VMPP) Array current (ISC / IMPP)

1100 KWp 1082KWp 250Wp 4326

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At Avg. Ambient temp. (280C) 1100KWp 1100KWp 263Wp 4326

206 21

206 21

Series 609V 8.87A/8.3A Parallel 780V/635V 1830A/1710A

Series 630V 9.51A/8.82A Parallel 750V/620V 1960A/1816A

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Detail Project Report 1MWp SPV Power Plant

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Detail Solar Inverter Specification & Design Details Inverter Type Quantity

String Inverter (MPPT) 53

Max. Power Max absolute Input Voltage Start Voltage Nominal MPP voltage range Max Input Current per string Nos. of Independent MPP inputs/strings per MPP inputs

23KW

Rated Output Power Max. Apparent AC Power Power Threshold Nominal AC Voltage/range AC Power Frequency/ range Max. output current Power factor at rated power Feed-In phases/connection phases

20000W 20000VA 20W 3/N/PE;230/460V 50Hz 3x29A 1 3/3

Max. Efficiency

98.7%

DC Disconnect DC Surge Arrester Protection Class Total harmonic distortion Operating Temperature range Noise Emission Self Consumption Cooling option Protection type Remote Monitoring System User Interference & Communication

Available Available I (as per IEC 62103)

Total nos. of inverter Nos. of strings per inverter Connection of strings/inverter Inter-inverter connection Inter-Inverter isolator

53 4 Parallel Parallel into Cu busbar Provided

INPUT (DC)

OUTPUT (AC)

Efficiency

Protection Details

Electrically Isolated relay output Status Display Inverter to inverter communication Anti-islanding protection Inverter connection details

1000V 350V 490V-800V 41.5A 1/6