(1999) TABLE of CONTENTS Werther, J. Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology VI, DeCHEMA

Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology VI Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds Wurzburg, Germany, August 22-27, 1999 Edited by

Joachim Werther Chemical Engineering I Technical University Hamburg-Harburg

DECHEMA Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chemisches Apparatewesen, Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e. V. Frankfurt am Main

1.

Overviews

L.H. Reh, Zurich/CH Challenges of c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d bed r e a c t o r s i n energy and raw m a t e r i a l s industries

3

J . P . Jacobs, Essen/D The f u t u r e of f l u i d i z e d bed combustion

17

2.

Dynamics of Gas-Solids-Flows

J . Z i j l m a , A.W. G e r r i t s e n , C M . van den B l e e k , D e l f t / N L I n f l u e n c e o f s e c o n d a r y a i r i n j e c t i o n on s o l i d s d i s t r i b u t i o n and rate in a CFB

.

25

circulation 27

Y. Fang, J. Huang, J. Zhang, V. Wang, Taiyuan/PRC The study on hydrodynamics of circulating fluidized bed under ambient and high temperature condition

33

H.F. Younis, L.R. Glicksman, Cambridge, HA/USA; M.R. Hyre, Windsor, CT/USA Measurement and p r e d i c t i o n of the hydrodynamics of b i n a r y m i x t u r e s i n a cold modei p r e s s u r i z e d c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

39

J . van der Schaaf, J . C . Schouten, C M . van den Bleek, D e l f t / N L ; F. Johnsson, Gothenburg/S Bypassing o f gas through bubble chains and j e t s i n c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d beds

47

M.Y. Louge, V. B r i c o u t , S. M a r t i n - L e t e l l i e r , I t h a c a , NY/USA On the dynamics o f p r e s s u r i z e d and atmospheric c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

risers

53

Y. Z h e n g , J . - X . Z h u , J . W e n , S . M a r t i n , A . B a s s i , A . M a r g a r i t i s , L o n d o n / C D N H y d r o d y n a m i c b e h a v i o u r i n a l i q u i d - s o l i d s c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

59

T. G r a s s i e r , K.-E. W i r t h , Erlangen/D R a d i a l and a x i a l p r o f i l e s o f s o l i d s c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n a h i g h - l o a d e d reactor

riser 65

S.B. Reddy Karri, T.M. Knowlton, Chicago, IL/USA A comparison of annulus solids flow direction and radial solids mass flux profiles at low and high mass fluxes in a riser

71

L. Sesti Osseo, G. Donsi, Fisciano/I Pressure analysis along a transport riser

77

P. Jiang, L.-S. Fan, Columbus, OH/USA On the turbulent radial transfer of particles in a CFB riser

83

J. Sterneus, F. Johnsson, B. Leckner, Gothenburg/S; G . I . Palchonok, Minsk/Belarus Gas and solids flow in circulating fluidized beds - discussion on turbulence

89

Z. T i a n , H. Fu, X. Dong, Wuhan/PRC M i c r o c i r c u l a t i o n movement w i t h v o r t e x o f f i n e p a n i c u l a t e s o l i d s i n a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed and i t s g r e a t i n f l u e n c e on f u r n a c e processes o f CFB

95

P.M. H e r b e r t , L. Reh, Z u r i c h / C H ; R. N i c o l a i , Basel/CH The e x p e r i m e n t a l database at ETH Z u r i c h : C o n t e n t s , a c c e s s i b i l i t y and perspectives

101

R. K i k u c h i , Y. C a l o z , R. N i c o l a i , L. Reh, Z u r i c h / C H C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed f l u i d dynamics by d e t e r m i n i s t i c chaos t h e o r y T. van den M o o r t e l , L. T a d r i s t , M a r s e i l l e / F ; P. S e g u i n , La S e y n e - s u r - M e r / F E x p e r i m e n t a l a n a l y s i s o f t h e p a r t i c l e v e l o c i t y p r o f i l e s i n t h e d i l u t e zone o f a f l u i d i z e d bed. T r a n s i t i o n from b u b b l i n g t o t u r b u l e n t regimes H.O. Kono, E. Aksoy, Y . - Z . Wang, Morgantown, WV/USA T r a n s i e n t m o t i o n o f waves and eddies o f a g g r e g a t e d e m u l s i o n on t h e w a l l s u r f a c e o f c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d beds P.K. P e e l e r , K.S. L i m , R.C. C l o s e , C l a y t o n South/AUS E f f e c t o f t e m p e r a t u r e on t h e t u r b u l e n t f l u i d i z a t i o n regime t r a n s i t i o n

113

C. G o u r d e l , E. B r u n i e r , Compiegne/F; 0 . S i m o n i n , T o u l o u s e / F Two-maxwellian e q u i l i b r i u m d i s t r i b u t i o n f u n c t i o n f o r the modelling of a binary mixture of p a r t i c l e s

205

P . J . W i t t , L . J . M i t t o n i , M.P. Schwarz, Clayton/AUS A p p l i c a t i o n of CFD t o i n d u s t r i a l f l u i d i s e d bed processes

211

K. P e n t t i l a , E s p o o / F I N ; P. H a g e l b e r g , I . E i l o s , J . A i t t a m a a , P o r v o o / F I N A r i g o r o u s s i m u l a t i o n model o f a FCC r i s e r

213

L. L e t i z i a , D i d c o t / G B ; R. Ocone, E d i n b u r g h / G B ; A. D e l e b a r r e , N a n t e s / F Fast f l u i d i s a t i o n o f G e l d a r t A powders

219

R.B. W h i t e , P . J . W i t t , A. Z a k h a r i , M. Manickam, Clayton/AUS P h y s i c a l and numerical m o d e l l i n g o f s o l i d s movement near the d i s t r i b u t o r i n a f l u i d i s e d bed c a l c i n e r

225

A . V . S t a r c h e n k o , Tomsk/RUS; A . P . Baskakov, E k a t e r i n b u r g / R U S A t h r e e d i m e n s i o n a l n u m e r i c a l m o d e l l i n g of a g a s - p a r t i c l e s u s p e n s i o n f l o w t h r o u g h U-beam s e p a r a t o r

231

H.H. L i a k o s , K.N. T h e o l o g o s , A.G. B o u d o u v i s , N.C. M a r k a t o s , Athens/GR The e f f e c t o f p r e s s u r e on p u l v e r i z e d coal c h a r combustion p e r f o r m a n c e

237

A. S c h m i d t , U. Renz, Aachen/D E u l e r i a n c o m p u t a t i o n o f heat t r a n s f e r i n f l u i d i z e d beds

243

V. M a t h i e s e n , T. S o l b e r g , B.H. H j e r t a g e r , Porsgrunn/N A n u m e r i c a l study o f t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l m u l t i p h a s e f l o w p a t t e r n i n a r i s e r

249

B . P . B . Hoomans, J . A . M . K u i p e r s , W.P.M. van S w a i j , Enschede/NL D i s c r e t e p a r t i c l e s i m u l a t i o n of c l u s t e r f o r m a t i o n i n dense r i s e r f l o w

255

E. H e l l a n d , T. van den M o o r t e l , R. O c c e l l i , L. T a d r i s t , M a r s e i l l e / F ; B. H j e r t a g e r , E s b j e r g / D K ; T. S o l b e r g , V. M a t h i e s e n , Porsgrunn/N N u m e r i c a l / e x p e r i m e n t a l study of g a s - p a r t i c l e f l o w b e h a v i o u r i n a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

261

J . A . M . K u i p e r s , W.P.M. van S w a i j , Enschede/NL S i m u l a t i o n o f t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l (3D) r i s e r f l o w u s i n g t h e k i n e t i c t h e o r y of granular flow

267

I . F l o u r , G. B a l z e r , Chatou/F Numerical s i m u l a t i o n o f the g a s - s o l i d f l o w i n the b o i l e r of a 250 MWe CFB p l a n t w i t h ESTET-ASTRID code

275

119 125

137

X. Anselme, Y. M o l o d t s o f , Compiegne/F S o l i d s e n t r a i n m e n t above a t u r b u l e n t f l u i d i z e d bed

143

149

155 161

P.Lehner, K . - E . W i r t h , E r l a n g e n / D C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f the f l o w p a t t e r n o f a g a s / s o l i d s f l o w i n a downer

reactor J.-X. Zhu, H. Zhang, P.M. Johnston, Y.L. Ma, H. de Lasa, M.A. Bergougnou, J. Ball, London/CDN Flow behaviour and gas-solids mixing in the entrance region of a downflow circulating fluidized bed G. Sun, Z. Chao, Y. Fan, M. Shi, Beijing/PRC Hydrodynamic behaviour in the bottom region of a cold FCC riser P. Schlichtharle, J. Werther, Hamburg/D Axial pressure profiles and solids concentration distributions in the CFB bottom zone

VI

197

Computational Fluid Dynamics

199

A. M ' c h i r g u i , L. T a d r i s t , M a r s e i l l e / F ; S t . Radev, S o f i a / B G A n a l y s i s o f t h e hydrodynamic i n s t a b i l i t i e s i n a gas f l u i d i z e d bed

A. M ' c h i r g u i , L. T a d r i s t , M a r s e i l l e / F ; S t . Radev, S o f i a / B G C a r r y o v e r o f p a r t i c l e s i n a m u l t i s i z e - s o l i d s f l u i d i z e d b e d . P r e d i c t i o n of s i z e spectrum o f e n t r a i n e d s o l i d s

3.

107

131

G. Xu, K. Nomura, N. Nakagawa, K. K a t o , Gunma/J The s a t u r a t i o n c a r r y i n g c a p a c i t y i n d i f f e r e n t c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d beds for different particles

191

J . Ouyang, J . L i , B e i j i n g / P R C S i m u l a t i o n o f dynamic b e h a v i o u r o f c l u s t e r s i n c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d beds by u s i n g a p a r t i c l e - m o t i o n - r e s o l v e d model

X. Ran, Z. Wang, F. W e i , Y. J i n , B e i j i n g / P R C P a r t i c l e v e l o c i t y and s o l i d s f r a c t i o n p r o f i l e s o f a s w i r l i n g f l o w i n a riser

R.B. W h i t e , A. Z a k h a r i , Clayton/AUS C h a r a c t e r i s a t i o n o f f l o w regimes i n t h e base o f a CFB r i s e r

F. Johnsson, J. Sterneus, B. Leckner, Gothenburg/S; V. Wiesendorf, E.-U. Hartge, J. Werther, Hamburg/D; D. Montat, P. Briand, Chatou/F Fluid dynamics of the bottom zone of CFB combustors

167

173 179

185

VII

G.A. Ryabov, C M . Folomeev, S.N. Trukhachev, Moscow/RUS An experimental study of hydrodynamics and heat-mass t r a n s f e r

E. Peirano, F. Johnsson, B. Leckner, Gothenburg/S; J. Begis, G. Balzer, Chatou/F G a s - s o l i d flow computations of a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed A. R u o t t u , S. R u o t t u , Karhula/FIN F l u i d dynamic modeling of CFB r e a c t o r s w i t h a c o a x i a l m u l t i

4.

281

i n l e t cyclone

295

Hydrodynamical Modelling

R. Evrard, I. Flour, Chatou/F; L. Lafanechere, V. Roulet, Villeurbanne/F Diphasic flows and heat exchanges analysis in an external heat exchanger of a 250 MW e CFB plant. Numerical and experimental approaches

V.A. Borodulya, Yu.S. T e p l i t s k y , Minsk/Belarus P r e d i c t i o n of average heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s between a r i s e r ' s and c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed: E f f e c t of pressure and temperature J . Wang, W. Yang, L. Zhou, Y. J i n , Beijing/PRC G a s - l i q u i d mass t r a n s f e r behaviour i n three-phase c i r c u l a t i n g beds

6.

373

wall 379

fluidized

Mixing and Reaction

385

391

297 J. Li, Z. Zhang, J. Yuan, C. Cheng, Beijing/PRC; A. Nemet, F.N. Fett, Siegen/D One dimensional prediction of gas and solids flow patterns in circulating fluidized beds

393

J. Liu, J.R. Grace, H. Bi, Vancouver/CDN; J. Zhu, London/CDN Gas mixing in a high density circulating fluidized bed riser

399

B. Du, F. Wei, Z. Wang, Beijing/PRC Effect of particle size on solids mixing in a FCC riser

405

E.-U. Hartge, K. Luecke, J. Werther, Hamburg/D The role of mixing in the performance of CFB reactors CFB-combustion as an example

411

L.E. Ersoy, M. Koksal, F. Hamdullahpur, Halifax/CDN Effects of mode of secondary air injection on the gas and solids velocity profiles in a circulating fluidized bed riser

417

335

7.

423

P. Lehner, K.-E. W i r t h , Erlangen/D Heat t r a n s f e r i n a c o - c u r r e n t downflow c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

337

A. Werner, M. Grausam, W. Linzer, G. Lbffler, F. Winter, H. Hofbauer, Vienna/A

J . L i u , K.P. G a l v i n , Callaghan/AUS; Z. T i a n , B. Huan, Shanghai/PRC Tube t o s o l i d s heat t r a n s f e r r a t e i n the s o l i d s r e t u r n standpipe o f a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

343

K. Luecke, E.-U. Hartge, J. Werther, Hamburg/D; L. Yang, W. Ge, Beijing/PRC; J. Li, Harbin/PRC; Prediction of 3D flow structure in circulating fluidized bed boilers

303

P.M. Herbert, Zurich/CH; T.A. Gauthier, Vernaison/F; C.L. Briens, M.A. Bergougnou, London/CDN Hydrodynamic modelling of a 0,05 m diameter downflow circulating fluidized bed reactor

309

Z. Bis, W. Gajewski, J. Leszczynski, Czestochowa/PL Numerical simulation of multi-solid flow structure in CFB

315

Y. Fujima, S. Deguchi, T. Endo, Nagoya/J Theoretical modeling for solid concentration profile in highly pressurized circulating fluidized bed

321

V. Pavlovec, W. Linzer, Vienna/A Pressure effects on distribution of solids in a PFBC-plant

329

5.

Heat and Mass Transfer

R. Zevenhoven, J . Kohlmann, T. Laukkanen, M. Tuominen, A . - M . B l o m s t e r , Espoo/FIN S u s p e n s i o n - t o - w a l l heat t r a n s f e r i n CFB combustion: Near-wall p a r t i c l e v e l o c i t y and c o n c e n t r a t i o n measurements at low and high temperatures

VIII

289

i n CFB model

P r o c e s s Model 1 ing

O v e r a l l m o d e l l i n g o f c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i s e d bed b o i l e r s

425

T. Jennen, D. Koneke, P.-M. Weinspach, Dortmund/D; R. H i l l e r , Oberhausen/D Modeling of g a s i f i c a t i o n of wood i n a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

431

I . T o r i i , K. Tagashira, Y. Arakawa, K. Arima, Nagasaki/J One dimensional s t e a d y - s t a t e s i m u l a t i o n model of CFBC

437

443

349

X. J i n , J . Lu, Q. L i u , Y. L i , J . Zhang, X. X i n g , G. Yue, Beijing/PRC I n v e s t i g a t i o n on the heat t r a n s f e r i n a CFB b o i l e r

355

S.K. Gupta, Calgary/CDN; T. Pugsley, Fredericton/CDN; F. B e r r u t i , Saskatoon/CDN A process s i m u l a t o r f o r c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed chemical r e a c t o r s

P.K. Nag, A . V . S . S . K . S . Gupta, Kharagpur/IND A heat t r a n s f e r model of a p r e s s u r i s e d c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed (PCFB)

361

8.

A. Kmiec, G. Kmiec, Wroclaw/PL K i n e t i c s o f d r y i n g of m i c r o s p h e r i c a l beds

367

A. Latif, J.G. Yates, R. di Felice, London/GB Gas mixing and solid circulation in a circulating fluidized bed for the continuous combustion - gasification of biomass

particles

in c i r c u l a t i n g

fluidized

Combustion and Gasification

'449

451

IX

H. Hirschfelder, H. Vierrath, Frankfurt am Main/D Electricity and syngas from biomass and wastes applying CFB gasification

11.

Solids Processing

553

459

469

T. Tashimo, T. Suto, K. Kato, Gunma/J Production of highly porous lime from fine limestone particles by a powderparticle fluidized bed

555

V.A. Munts, A.P. Baskakov, E. Yu. Pavliok, E. Yu. Nijnikova, Ekaterinburg/RUS Devolatilization during fluidized bed combustion of solid fuels

475

J. Xu, S. Osada, K. Kato, Gunma/J Production of very fine particles from salt water solution by a powder particle spouted bed

561

9..

481

0. Gurbuz-Beker, N. Bulutcu, Istanbul/TR A new process to produce granular boric oxide by dehydration of boric acid in a fluidized bed

567

J. Petek, B. Rummer, V. Seebauer, G. Steiner, G. Staudinger, Graz/A Thermal decomposition of large wood particles in inert and reactive atmosphere: Mathematical simulation and experiments with rapid heat up

FCC Process

T.A. Gauthier, Vernaison/F; J.L. Ross, Princeton, NJ/USA Controlling gas flow in standpipe systems

483

M. Karches, Ch. Bayer, Ph. R. von Rohr, Zurich/CH Vacuum-CFB for plasma treatment of fine powders

573

J. Bayle, P. Leroy, Vernaison/F; C. Mirgain, M. del Pozo, Harfleur/F On FCC stripper internals

489

M. Horio, A. Mukoyama, Y. Iwadate, H. Kamiya, K. N i s h i i , Tokyo/J Granulation of fines in a circulating fluidized bed

579

K.N. Theologos, A . I . Lygeros, N.C. Markatos, Athens/GR Feedstock atomization effects on FCC riser reactor selectivity

495

12.

585

H.W. Dries, F.J. Geiger, S.J. Bekink, Amsterdam/NL; R.S. Postma, A.C. Hoffmann, Groningen/NL Hot flue-gas clean-up with the Shell t h i r d stage separator

501

H.-W. Schmidt, F r a n k f u r t am Main/D Advanced c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d bed technology f o r alumina c a l c i n a t i o n

587

A. Reichhold, W. Fimberger, H. Hofbauer, Vienna/A Comparison of an industrial FCC plant with a small internally circulating fluidized bed p i l o t plant

507

R. Husain, P. Weber, A. O r t h , H. E i c h b e r g e r , F r a n k f u r t am Main/D Development and experience w i t h f l u i d i z e d bed based d i r e c t r e d u c t i o n processes - C i r c o r e d ® and C i r c o f e r ®

593

W. Hartignoni, Sao Mateus do Sul/BR; A. Pekediz, H. de Lasa, London/CDN FCC in a novel riser simulator. Evaluation of adsorption constants

513

13.

599

10.

519

R. Graf, Friedrichsdorf/D Circulating fluidized beds in the flue gas scrubbing - Developments, applications and operating experiences in the years 1970 to 2000

601

T. Murakami, K. Saito, J . Yuan, I . Naruse, K. Ohtake, Toyohashi/J Influence of alkali metal compounds on desulfurization characteristics of sea-shell in fluidized bed coal combustion

609

W. Nowak, A. Szymanek, Z. Bis, W. Muskala, Czestochowa/PL High-reactive sorbents based on f l y ash for circulating fluidized bed boilers

615

New Catalytic Processes

Q.M. Mao, X.G. L i , J.R.G. Andrews, O.E. Potter, Clayton/AUS Catalytic chemical reaction in the CFB riser R.M. Contractor, Wilmington, DE/USA Dupont's CFB technology for maleic anhydride from conception to commercialization G. Dahlhoff, W.F. Holderich, Aachen/D Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to e-caprolactam using a fluidized bed reactor K.-J. Marschall, L. Mleczko, Bochum/D Catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons in an internally circulating fluidized-bed reactor Z.L. Arsenijevic, B.V. Grbic, Z.B. Grbavcic, N.D. Radic, A.V. Terlecki-Baricevic, Belgrade/YU Ethylene oxide deep oxidation in combined sorbent/catalyst system with modified draft tube spouted bed

521

527

533

539

547

Metallurgical Processes

Pollution Control

F.J. Gutierrez, L. Salvador, P . O U e r o , Sevilla/E; R. Ortiz, A. Cabani 1 las, J. Otero, Madrid/E An experimental study of flue gas desulphurization in a pilot CFB

621

R. Kuusik, H. Arro, T. Kaljuvee, A. Prikk, Tallin/Estonia Formation and binding of sulphur dioxide by combustion of Estonian oil shale

627

G. Mayer-Schwinning, H. Herden, Frankfurt am Main/D Use of CFB technology in systems for cleaning offgases from waste-to-energy plants

633

XI

Y. Lu, E.J. Anthony, F. Preto, Ottawa/CDN Co-firing natural gas to control gaseous emissions from CFBC G. Liu, K. Hakamada, Y. Itaya, R. Yamazaki, S. Mori, Nagoya/J; M. Kondoh, M. Yamaguchi, Toyota/J De-hydrochloric phenomena during the combustion of cylindrical refusederived fuels G.J. Zijlma, A.W. Gerritsen, C M . van den Bleek, Delft/NL Influence of oxygen on the formation and reduction of NO and NH 3 in circulating fluidized bed combustors S. Kallio, P. Kilpinen, M. Hupa, Turku/FIN Advanced modeling of nitrogen oxide emissions in circulating fluidized bed combustors: Parametric study of hydrodynamics

B.-A. Andersson, L. Gustafsson, J. Olofsson, Gothenburg/S Kvaerner 150 MWt, E-F-W CFB plant for SOGAMA

731

R. Wirthwein, P. Scur, Riidersdorf/D; H. Hirschfelder, H. Vierrath, Frankfurt am Main/D Use of waste in the cement production process by applying CFB technology

737

G.M.F. Anand, T. Karunanithi, V. Gunaranjan, A. Baranidharan, P.L. Sabarathinam, Annamalai/IND Circulating fluidized bed for the treatment of distillery waste water

747

15.

753

647

653

System and Equipment Development

659 E.H. van der Meer, R.B. Thorpe, J . F . Davidson, Cambridge/GB The e f f e c t o f e x i t design on the flow pattern i n a square cross-section r i s e r of a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

755

U. Muschelknautz, E. Muschelknautz, S t u t t g a r t / D Improvements of cyclones i n CFB power plants and q u a n t i t a t i v e estimations of t h e i r effects on the boilers solids inventory

761

M. Liesmaki, R. Karvinen, Tampere/FIN; I . E i l o s , Porvoo/FIN A model f o r m u l t i - i n l e t cyclone c o l l e c t i o n e f f i c i e n c y

769

T. Mizuno, K. Matsuoka, S. Deguchi, T. Endo, Y. Fujima, Nagoya/J Control of s o l i d downward-flow i n CFB by contracting r i s e r cross sectional area

775

679

S. J i n g , H. L i , Beijing/PRC Introduction of hopper-valve f o r f i n e powders i n a moving-bed standpipe

781

687

J.-Y. Zhang, Fujian/PRC Solid flow pattern and stoppage i n standpipe of having a bottom c i r c u l a r or non-circular o r i f i c e i n CFB system

787

G . I . Miiller, P. Miiller, Zurich/CH Combustion of pyrolysis gases generated from municipal s o l i d waste i n a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i s e d bed

693

S t . J . Goidich, C l i n t o n , NJ/USA; T. Hyppanen, Karhula/FIN; K. Kauppinen, Varkaus/FIN CFB b o i l e r design and operation using the INTREX™ heat exchanger

793

I . G u l y u r t l u , D. Boavida, P. Abelha, M. Miranda, I . Cabrita, Lisboa/P Combustion of cork waste i n a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i s e d bed combustor

697

S. S u r a n i t i , E. Guilleux, J . - X . Morin, V61izy/F U t i l i t y CFB furnace wall hydrodynamics

799

B. Roper, G. Thomas, Cologne/D Co-combustion of sewage sludge i n the c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

705

P. Basu, M. Boyd, Halifax/CDN; Z. Luo, L. Cheng, K. Cen, Hangzhou/PRC An experimental i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o a loop seal i n a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed

805

M.C F e r r e i r a , E.M.V. S i l v a , J.T. F r e i r e , Sao Carlos/BR Pneumatic bed with spouted bed feeder - influence of operational and geometric parameters and of the feeding system on the f l u i d dynamic behaviour

811

817

R. Ortiz de Salazar, A. Cabanillas, J. Otero-Ruiz, Madrid/E; P. Ollero, F.J. Gutierrez, L. Salvador, Sevilla/E Dry desulfurization of flue gases with Ca(0H) 2 in a circulating fluidized bed H. L i u , B.M. Gibbs, Leeds/GB The influence of limestone addition on NO, and Hfi emissions from a coal-fired circulating fluidized bed combustor

14.

Waste Treatment

W. Fey, W. Thielen, Gummersbach/D; B. Meyer, Freiberg/D Combustion of biomass and residues under oxidising and reducing conditions i n fluidised-bed K. Tagashira, I . T o r i i , K. Myouyou, K. Takeda, Nagasaki/J; T. Mizuko, Y. Tokushita, Tokyo/J Combustion c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and dioxin behaviour of waste f i r e d CFB

T. Oyashiki, Y. I t a y a , H. Matsuda, M. Hasatani, Nagoya/J I n c i n e r a t i o n behaviour o f waste l i q u i d s with methane-air combustion i n t r i p l e coaxial tube i n c i n e r a t o r combined with d i l u t e f l u i d i z e d bed

XII

639

665

671

677

711

H.-J. Franke, T. Shimizu, A. Nishio, H. Nishikawa, M. Inagaki, N i i g a t a / J ; W. I b a s h i , Yokohama/J Improvement of carbon burn-up during f l u i d i z e d bed i n c i n e r a t i o n of p l a s t i c by using porous bed materials

717

16.

B. Henning, T. Blanke, H. Kremer, S. W i r t z , Bochum/D Combustion of fuel blends from coal and t e x t i l e waste

723

K.S. Lim, P. Peeler, R. Close, T. Joyce, Clayton South/AUS Estimation of solids c i r c u l a t i o n rate i n CFB from pressure loop p r o f i l e s

Measurement, Instrumentation and Control

819

XIII

E. Brunier, M. Yemmou, Compi§gne/F; R. Evrard, Chatou/F Flux particles measurements in industrial CFB

825

X.S. Wang, Q.M. Mao, X.G. Li, M.J. Rhodes, Clayton/AUS Probing radial flow in a gas-particle riser

831

F. Onofri, L. Tadrist, Marseille/F Experimental analysis of spatio-temporal i n s t a b i l i t i e s of the dilute gas-solids flow in a circulating fluidized bed

837

J.M. Bursi, L. Lafanechlre, L. Jestin, Villeurbanne/F Basic design studies for a 600 MWe-CFB boiler

913

R.W. Chalupnik, Essen/D; H.-J. Krautz, Cottbus/D; H. Schulze, Berlin/D; W. Thielen, Gummersbach/D Plant studies and experiments for a lignite-fired combined-cycle power plant using circulating pressurized fluidized bed combustion

927

J. Seeber, G. Scheffknecht, Stuttgart/D Boiler design concept for standardized medium size CFB plants

933

P. Lehner, M. Richtberg, K.-E. Wirth, Erlangen/D Measurement of solids velocities in a co-current gas/solids flow with a Laser-Doppler-Anemometer and a capacitance probe system

843

G.A. Ryabov, I.I. Nadirov, Moscow/RUS The prospect of CFB technology implications for retrofitting of Russian thermal power plants

943

Y. Caloz, L. Reh, Zurich/CH; C. Cahen, R. Evrard, 0. Piedfer, Chatou/F Local solids velocities and their fluctuations in CFB units of different sizes

849

18.

949

L. Godfroy, J . Chaouki, G. Kennedy, Montreal/CDN; F. Larachi, Sainte-Foy/CDN Large radioactive particle motion in a gas/solid riser

Y. Dutheillet, Moret-sur-Loing/F; C. Dorier, Villeurbanne/F; S. Houzet, Evry/F 855

W. Lin, K. Dam-Johansen, Lyngby/DK; C.E. Weinell, Brondby/DK; P.F.B. Hansen, Arhus/DK Hydrodynamics of a commercial scale CFB boiler-study with radioactive tracer particles

861

D.E. Ventzas, P. Tsiakaras, Volos/GR Applied active control of biomass circulating fluidized combustors

867

V. Hayrinen, R. Hernberg, R. Oikari, Tampere/FIN; U.A. Gottwald, P.B. Monkhouse, Heidelberg/D; K.O. Davidsson, B. Lbnn, K. Engvall, J.B.C. Pettersson, Gothenburg/S; P. Lehtonen, R. Kuivalainen, Karhula/FIN On-line determination of alkali concentrations in pressurized fluidised-bed coal combustion by combined measurement techniques H. Ye, R. Kikuchi, R. Nicolai, L. Reh, Zurich/CH Characterization of ozone decomposition in a semi-industrial CFB reactor using neural networks: An experimental study T. GraBler, K.E. Wirth, Erlangen/D X-ray computed tomography - a non-intrusive technique to characterize local solids distribution in a circulating fluidized bed {CFB) M.J. Rhodes, X.S. Wang, Clayton/AUS Studying fast f l u i d i z a t i o n using electrical capacitance tomography

17.

Process Design and Scale-Up

W. H a s l i n g e r , H. Hofbauer, Vienna/A; L. G a v r i i l , I . Boukis, Athens/GR Scale-up g u i d e l i n e s f o r a c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed biomass p y r o l y z e r F. Winter, V. M i c k a l , H. Hofbauer, Ch. Brunner, Ch. A i c h e r n i g , J . L i e g l , Vienna/A Scale-up of CFB-fluiddynamics f o r group C p a r t i c l e s : From the l a b o r a t o r y scale to the i n d u s t r i a l - s c a l e

XIV

A t t r i t i o n , Erosion, Corrosion

Refractory and metallic materials for a 600 MWe circulating fluidized bed boiler with advanced steam parameters

951

D. Achim, A.K. Easton, Hawthorn/AUS; M.P. Schwarz, P.J. Witt, A. Zakhari, Mulgrave/AUS Erosion modelling in a fluidised bed

959

P. Makkonen, Karhula/FIN Neural network for prediction of superheater fireside corrosion in CFB boilers

965

J . Reppenhagen, J . Werther, Hamburg/D C a t a l y s t a t t r i t i o n i n a f l u i d i z e d bed system w i t h e x t e r n a l circulation

971

solids

873 U. Arena, M.L. M a s t e l l o n e , N a p l e s / I Carbon a t t r i t i o n d u r i n g the c i r c u l a t i n g f l u i d i z e d bed combustion o f a waste-derived fuel

977

19.

983

879

Boiler Operation Experience

885

891

Q. Wang, Z. Luo, M. Fang, X. Li, M. Ni, K. Cen, Hangzhou/PRC Characteristics of fluid dynamics and combustion in a circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace

985

897

K.M. Sellakumar, R. Conn, Livingston, NJ/USA; A. Bland, Laramie, WV/USA A comparison study of ACFB and PCFB ash characteristics

991

X. Zhu, J. Mao, G. Qian, Wuxi/PRC The influence of separator's position to the characteristics of CFB boiler

997

W. Nowak, Z. Bis, Czestochowa/PL; J. Laskawiec, W. Krzywoszynski, R. Walkowiak, Bogatynia/PL Design and operation experience of 230 MWe CFB boilers at Turow Power Plant in Poland

1003

Y. Tsuo, Livingston, NJ/USA; P. Murphy, Kapolei, HI/USA Availability and performance results from AES Hawaii CFB plant

1009

899

907

XV

Z. Bis, W. Nowak, Czestochowa/PL; J. Zyla, S. Krupka, Raciborz/PL; J. Lewandowski, M. Wolski, Warsaw/PL Operating experience of 315 MWth CFB boiler at Zeran Plant in Poland

1015

Authors' Index

1021

1.

XVI

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