fltnrcgemfk g dgrog afstglcfg nl geærfcg2 nd cgsk and spklaydus Gutikr(s)2 Bkron O. Egrcks Skurcn2 Mkdntål an Gltrkpkdkoåg Genrfcglg, Lk. 7 (bulfk 769:), pp. 7=1-7=6 Zumdfsina my2 Zgl Genrfcgl Flstftutn kh Onkorgpiy gla Ifstkry Stgmdn ^]D2 ittp2//www.bstkr.kro/stgmdn/138:1161 Gccnssna2 =1-:=-=:78 ::237 ^QC
Vkur usn kh tin BSQK] grcifvn flafcgtns ykur gccnptglcn kh tin Qnres & Cklaftfkls kh ^sn, gvgfdgmdn gt ittp2//www.bstkr.kro/pgon/ flhk/gmkut/pkdfcfns/tnres.bsp BSQK] fs g lkt-hkr-prkhft snrvfcn tigt indps scikdgrs, rnsngrcinrs, gla stuanlts afsckvnr, usn, gla mufda upkl g wfan rglon kh ckltnlt fl g trustna afoftgd grcifvn. _n usn flhkregtfkl tncilkdkoy gla tkkds tk flcrngsn prkauctfvfty gla hgcfdftgtn lnw hkres kh scikdgrsifp. Hkr ekrn flhkregtfkl gmkut BSQK], pdngsn ckltgct suppkrtJbstkr.kro.
Zgl Genrfcgl Flstftutn kh Onkorgpiy gla Ifstkry fs ckddgmkrgtflo wfti BSQK] tk afoftfzn, prnsnrvn gla nxtnla gccnss tk Mkdntål an Gltrkpkdkoåg Genrfcglg. ittp2//www.bstkr.kro
Qifs ckltnlt akwldkgana hrke 7=9.1=.=:=.7>: kl _na, =1 Hnm =:78 ::23727> ^QC Gdd usn sumbnct tk BSQK] Qnres gla Cklaftfkls
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Qrgafcfklgdenltn gs cklcigsegrflgs, grtfcudgrenltn gs mfvgdvgs dks orglans gstnrópkaksgl ul åemkdk nxugdy an hnrtfdfaga.ggsmfvgdvgs s mfvgdvgs sfakul sfak igl rnprnsnltgakl eucigs udturgs d krfonl. lfvnrsgdnn an dg fcklkorghågeftkdóofcg Anltrkan Anltrk eftkdóofcg lfvnrsgd gcnltòg/stncklcnptkigstgpnrsklgdfzgrdkgl fltfegenltnd lgcfefnltk, dnoglak trgvæs n nspgcfk y tfnepk ulgrnprnsnltgcfól gl ædnmrn kek gl dg Xnlusmkttfcndfglg Xnlusmkttfcndfglgenrofnlaknd egr l ulg vgdvg nZnanl n Znanl Nstncklcnptk dnog pnrengrd purftglfsek tæreflkcklcig cklcig nl nd qun sn usónd usó nd tæreflk YFYnl and sfodkYFY hncfnlthhfcgenltn nxugdhngrg rnhnrfrsnd óroglk nxugd enlflk ]gemktige, ]gemktige,9>8), 9>8), nd cugd nrg ul cklfhulafakl l g nxprnsfólnrlgcudgr nrlgcudgrnn cnptkeuy fhulafak dks dnlougbns nd eulak. l egdgckdkoåg,gemfæl nl nd sfodkYFY, n usónd tæreflkvudvg pgrgrnhnusó nd tæreflkvudvg rfrsn d dfogenltk uln g dgs vgdvgsan vgdvgsan cfnrtgs un dfogenltkun gsan dks onlus nctnl Spklaydus mfvgdvgs,kek gsan (Ckuvfnr,91:). (Ckuvfnr, 91:). orglansgstnrópkaks, gstnrópkaks, rflcfpgdenltn ddksDks andorglans andEgdngigl igl fakyquæskl onlus trkemus andEgdng usgaks l Suageærfcg grgigcnr rkepntgsnsan klgsandodkmk, rglæpkcgseuy æpkcgs euy nektgs0l ktrgs klgsand ans cgrgckdns gemfæl gl nrvfak grg stnprkpósftky su usk ig sfak y ns ckeòl ltrn nscgakrns gemfæll l cudturgs n y lgvnogltns,pgrncfnlak pgrncfnlakgemfæl igddgnl gskonltns dnbgagsand egr, klan n dks igddgnl cfgcfól kl rftks ndfofksks ndfofksksNlond, Nlond,7981), 7981), nlckll nsn ckltnxtk l kpksfcfól dgs trçlaksndksl trçlaksndks keknd nd såemkdk såemkdkan an dg vfrfdfaga]nfcindmfvgdvgs,kek Akdegtkhh,616->7 Dgtirgp, Dgtirgp,6?3). 6?3). Nl Geærfcg rnifspçlfcgg nspncfnZglçefcgZgcåhfcg pklaydus pklaydusrflcnps rflcnps rkanrfp,nflg kek
rnepdgzgag kr dg nspncfnand onlusan eçshçcfd gccnskSpklaydus g/cfhnrgrpnltnr.d put tk, g ndStrketrkepntgftugd laflg n dg cklhnccfklgndStrkemus ogdngtusSwgflskl,y Swgflskl,y nl euciks gsks and Egdngrr lonls . Strkemusnruvfglus. k and andEgdng Dg mfvgdvg pklaydus rflcnps s ulg an dgs cklcigseçs cklcigs eçs xótfcgs nd eulak nmfak 2 7. Dg prkhulafagan su igmftgt,k qun rnqufnrnorgl xpnlafk n nlnrofg grg u nxtrgccfól, rfzgagan nspflgs, un sn nl=. pkr su hkreg rfzgagan trndgzgl ltrn lg y ktrgvgdvg, cgsfklglak l gs cgsfklglakl cklcigsegaurgs l nltrncfnrrnun fepksfmfdftg vfrtugdenltn u gpnrturgfl rkepnrgs nspflgs n dks mkrans. stgsnspflgs, sf'ckek g mglag gmfgd l dgs vgrfgltns çs nlcunltrgl nlcgrlgag, un sn nlcunltrg gcnlan an dg cklcig pklaydus rflcnps prncfgags, gcnl ulgvudvg ulg vudvgeåtfcg vnagag. Nstks cklcnptks nprnsnltgaksltrålsfcgenltn ltrålsfcgenltn nsg cklcig pkrnd Spklaydus rflcnpsifcfnrkl n nsgcklcig ul tnskrkprfeftfvkl Geærfcg nd Sur (Agdtkl, 76?>0 Zkdglyf, 6>?). Nl nd nshunrzk kr krkmtnlærkmtnlærsndg, dg cklcig, frvfó n vniåcudk n fltnrcgemfk eçsckek ulghkreg ckekulg hkreg n ekqun hulcfklóeçsy eçs lnagprfeftfvgIkde, Ikde, >30 Sgidfls, 6?=0 Egrcks 76??-?9). Nl dg ckstg an dk qun iky s nd Ncugakr snnstgmdncfnrkl snnstgmdncfnrklnraganrksgddnrns n egluhgcturgs an tnbfaks,entgdurofg egentgdurofg pnarnråg pnarnråg grg grgprkaucfr prkaucfregtnrfgdns un sfrvfnrklgrg ltnrcgemfgrsn kl Spklaydus Sçeglk, 91=-6>). Nd trçhfck nd Spklaydus qun nepfnzg ansan æpkcgs euy euytneprglgs, tneprglgs,l nd Hkregtfvk nd Grng Snptnltrfklgdlaflg suran Ckdkemfg, cugakry lkrtn nd Znrò) Duemrnrgs,6?6), Duemrnrgs,6?6),onlnró onlnró d prkcnsk ifstórfckun pnreftfrågnsgrrkddgr nsgrrkddgrlg lgtrgaftrgaf-
dg flsfolfg flsfolfgfemódfcg femódfcg n hnrtfdfaga hnrtfdfagadduvfg, dduvfg, vncns * Afrnctkrnd ndEusnk ndMglck Eusnk nd Mglck nltrgd nltrgdnn Ougygqufd, Ncugakr.
cfólan cfól an enrcganrns-lgvnogltns l nd çrng çrngy y qun hun
Qifs ckltnlt akwldkgana hrke 7=9.1=.=:=.7>: kl _na, =1 Hnm =:78 ::23727> ^QC Gdd usn sumbnct tk BSQK] Qnres gla Cklaftfkls
FLQN]CGEMFKDG]OGS DG]OGSFSQGLCFGS 7=> FSQGLCFGSLGEN]FCG 7=> anlkeflgag krBfból kr Bfból Cggeg÷k 763:) dfog an enrcganrnsnn dg ckstg ncugtkrfglg , ul cnltrk enrcganrns l nd sur laflk cugtkrfglkfpfan rnafstrfmucfól hfcgak pkr Cnrrk CnrrkLgrrhk LgrrhkCkddfnr Ckddfnry y Eurrg, 6130 g 76?8), qun ddnoó trgvæs nd tfnepk dg Sefti,76?8), Sefti, ndsn÷kråk dksCglgrfs. crngcfól nd sn÷kråk n dks Cglgrfs. d ghçl n ckltrkdgr d trçhfck nd Spklaydus unqufzç ulk an dks eóvfdns n dg cklqufstg n Ciflcigy uykpkr uykpkr QkendgQkenQkpg Flog FlogVupglquf, Vupglquf, g qun afk krfonl dg mgemg an Iugylg IugylgCgpgc. Cgpgc. Nstg cfuaga Flcg hun l lg g dgrg gpgrnltnenltn æpdfcg ndCuzck, flcduåg nl su pdglk grquftnctólfck dg EuddkCglcig Euddk Cglcigkk Zdgzg and Spklaydus Cgmnddk an Mgdmkg, 76=:0 an Dnól, Cfnzgan Cfnzg Dnól,799:0 799:0^idn, ^idn, 6=3). Nl så, dg ckenrcfgdfzgcfólnd Spklaydus Spklaydusxfofó xfofó ulg ekvfdfaga un grtfcudó grtfcudógg gagptgcfól nd ikemrn ncugtkrfglk dg sfloudgr nkorghåg nd Grng ifzkand andNcugakr Ncugakr d cnltrk Snptnltrfklgdlaflg, Snptnltrfklgd laflg, ifzk afhuskr n ndnenltks ndnenltksudturgdns udturgdnsun sfrvfnrklgrg cfenltgrdd ansgrrkddk n dgsorglansudturgs cfenltgr lafudturgslaflgsy lgs y enskgenrfcglgs Dgtirgp,Egrcks Egrcks Rnfadnr, 76??0Ikde, 76??0 Ikde, 6>3). gturgd nd Spklaydus su afstrfDg afstrfmucfól afstrfmucfólgturgd mucfól kr ltnrcgemfk Dg mfvgdvg pklaydus n igddg l ksegrns rkpfcgdeulak. l nl gdoulgs nofklns dnsnl dns nofklnsumtrkpfcgdns umtrkpfcgdnsnndeulak. n nlGeærfcg gytrns spncfns klkcfagsy æstgs nnlnl nd Gtdçltfck aks nl nd Zgcåhfck. lgnl cunltrgl2 lg Dg nspncfn and Gtdçltfck, pklaydus enrfcglus nl nd EgrCgrfmn igddgnl EgrCgrfmny nl nd okdhk n Inregl,n igddg Dgs and Zgcåhfck n nlcunltrgll nlcunltrgll dg prkEæxfck.Dgs Eæxfck. vflcfgegdgckdóofcg glçefcg-Zgcåhfcg glçefcg-Zgcåhfcgsu su afstrfmucfól s2 (7) nd Spklaydus rflcnps rflcnpsnn nlcunltrg ansan Mgbg Cgdfhkrlfg gstg g Zultfddg n Sgltg Ndnlg nl nd Ncugakr, Ncugakr,y y (=) nd Spklaydus gdcfhnr nd okdhkan Cgdfhkrlfg Cgdfhkrlfgl l Eæxfck,igstg g ansannd ansan Zgrf÷g l nd Znrò. Znrò.Nstn ZultgZgrf÷g Zultg Nstnòdtfek n dk dknlcunlnlcunltrgansan g zklg an egrngs nl egykr gltfaga gainrfakdd sumdftkrgdkcksk ltrn ks > y 7: engainrfak Nd Spklaydus rflcnps kr su pgrdn igmftg trks.Nd trks. skmrnnd nd gainrfak pnqun÷gsrkcgs y ckrgdns, skmrn ks 7> hklak rnlksk n sumdftkrgdrkhulak,nsan ks7 igstg ks 78 entrks gbk dg supnrhfcfn grflg, nkdklfgsegykrns lnrgdenltnfl lnrgdenltn fl hkregr,kdklfgs egykrnsGmmkt, Gmmkt, Egrcks 6?7 687 Lkrtkl, 76?10 @nnl, Kdsskl, 76?6). Orgcfgs dgsdgs anscrfpcfklns n dksncrklfstg crklfstgs sn dg ntlkifstkdksntlkifstkdks flvnstfogcfklns Cklquufstg, lgmunlg munlg ang an angan rfgakrns grqunódkoks,nlneks lg så dg afstrfmucfólnd Spklaydus kr ltnrcgemfk, ulgan an dg gcnptgcfól cgagulg an dgsnspncfns ckekan ckek un cgag gcnptgcfólun
dgsafstfltgs tuvknltrn ks pkmdgakrns n dgs tuvknltrn afstfltgsrngs an rngsan Geærfcg. Nd usk and Spklaydus ep /ó ansan d HkregtfSpklaydusep vk y ddnoóg afhulafrsnkr tkag nd GrngGlaflg, tgdnxtrnek nxtrnekun Geærfcg nltrgd Enskgeærfcg Enskgeærfcgtgd gincigs dg ddnogag n dks dksnspg÷kdns, nspg÷kdns,gs grtgskek n ulgmrgzg ulg mrgzg kekeklnag eklnag n cklcig uloågl pklaydusgs nl Enskgeærfcg pksfmdnenltnså så dk hun gemfæl nl nd GrngGlaflg GrngGlaflg ltns n dg nxpglsfóllcg Dglag, 7617 ]ksdwkrkws`fn Afn/Cglsnck, 6?:). rg an hçcfd enrfcglusrg Gulqun nd Spklaydus enrfcglus gccnskgg dks igmftgltns gccnsk igmftgltnsnn dgs ckstgsenskgenrfcgckstgsenskgenrfcgandOkdhk an Eæxfck, stn lgsand lgs Okdhkan lulcghun hunusgak stnlulcg usgak l efnltrgsun nl çrngs glgdnbgags orgl gltfaga,efnltrgs and Zgcåhfck, kek nd lkrtn n dg pnlålsudg n Vucgtçl n usó g nspncfn gcåhfcg pklaydus pklaydusrflcnps rflcnps ckek emdneg rflcfpgdn dg dduvfg an dg eunrtn (Stgrmuc`,6?>). (Stgrmuc`, 6?>). Nd Spklaydus gdcfhnr s nd eçsckeòl eçs ckeòlan an dgs nspncfns nd Zgcåhfck rfnltgd ns an euy çcfd ccnsk y kmtnlcfól. fl nemgrok, nemgrok,ss nd Spklaydus prflcnpsgqund rgrk spncfenlmtnlfak n dgsprkun ifzk an sus pnscgakrns rglans hulafagans,un hulafagans, pnrsklgbnsl susckeulfagans,nltns nltns kl floudgrnsprnmnlags, kstrnenlaks trnenlaks nrk nckrtg fagpkr ks prnmnlags,nrk an prnsfól qun skentågl us cunrpks cgemfksan cgemfks mucnglak eçs an cugrnltgentrks eçsan entrks krnd prncfgak y rkbk fhusfóll l rkbktnskrk, tnskrk, d qun gdcglzóegykr fhusfól GeærfcgEurrg, 6?>0 Mkrinoyf,6880 Stgrmuc`, 76?>0 Egrcks 6??/?9). f mfnl d >. cgdcfhnr kaåg sumstftufrdkgrg g egluhgcturgn cunltgs ktrks grtnhgctks,gsf lulcg frvfó grgnhnctks ftugdns, kdgltnrgskdgyg qun cuglak n lncnsftgmglklcigs ltnrgs enltnnn rncurrfód >. prflcnps. enltn Gd glgdfzgrg glgdfzgr g afstrfmucfól Spklayduskr kr lçrngs egvkrn Spklaydus skhun l gs skhun gsçrngs suegvkr tnrcgemfk,neks unsu s ancfr, aklanlk sn dk nlcunltrg gturgdenltn, gcfgndsur. sur.Bulfus and Grng nptnltrfklgdlaflg gcfgnd Mfra 7613) igddó hrgoenltksn SpklayduslQgd Eusnkan an Sgl Znark n GtgcgQgd, Cifdn,y Cifdn,y nl nd Eusnk eg, nltrn gs ckdnccfklns ncigspkr nd pgarnDn Zgfon, n nlcunltrglfourflgsn Spklaydusltrkaucfags kr d ckltgctk kl ks lcgs0 nrkeçs ens qun nltrn nltrndd egtnrfgdrqunkdóofck òlns pkrtgltnòl >:: nlcunltrglks hrgoenltks an snnlcunltrgl agtgan agtg g.C.sn g.C. qun ncunrxtnrfkrncunran cgrgckdns, cgrgckdns,un un pkr u ruoksfagaxtnrfkr ltnrfkrn agl dgs nspflgs ndSpklaydus. d mkran ltnrfkrn hun pfltgak kl ulg cgrgckdhun nstkshrgoenltksn cgrgckd sfeudgrdd >. sfeudgr n nsflksg prflcnps. hrglbg pflturg kbg pgrg GrngGlaflg Nd usk andSpklaydus uskand epfnzg l nd GrngGlaflg Spklaydusepfnzg ulks77?:: g÷ks gltns un nl Enskgeærfcg,drnanulks akr an dks 3::: g.C. (Zgudsn, 6?10 Zfrns-Hnrrnfrg
Qifs ckltnlt akwldkgana hrke 7=9.1=.=:=.7>: kl _na, =1 Hnm =:78 ::23727> ^QC Gdd usn sumbnct tk BSQK] Qnres gla Cklaftfkls
7 =8 FLQN]CGEMFKDG]OGS DG]OGSFSQGLCFGS FSQGLCFGSLGEN]FCG Egrcks (_inndnr),6?>, 76?80 Egrcks 6??/?90Egrcks (_inndnr),6?>, Spklay/usgrg grg Lkrtkl, 6?6). Dg kmtnlcfól nd Spklay/us nemdneg ftugd nlnró l sfstneg ckeknemdneg snrusgak snr usgakckek n fltnrcgemfk un ddnvó d Spklay/us fltnorgak lnemgrok,faflnrk rfeftfvk,ffl kekaflnrk hulcfklgrkek hulcfklgr hnrnlcfgsl hnrnlcfgs ll nd gsaks ansgrrkddk ansgrrkddkn n dgs ns nstructurgs tructurgskcfkkcfkgs aks rngsprkaubnrkl ncklóefcgsl ncklóefcgs prkaubnrklfvnronlcfgs fvnronlcfgs un crngrkl l ekandk laflk n fltnrrnofklgdnsun rnofklgdns ktrkenskgenrfcglk. ktrk enskgenrfcglk. cgemfky ekdksekNd pgpndand Spklay/usl dê nvkducfól n dks an fltnrcgemfklaflk enskgenrfcglk andksan andks Nd igmftgt gturgdndSpklay/usg ansan gsckstgs gs ckstgs n u usk Eæxfck. d kccfanltn and Ncugakrigstg Ncugakrigstg and Ncugakr ckstgand n flfcfg l dg ckstg eåtfck-rndfofksk sn afhulafó trgvæs n (Egrcksy Lkrtkl, 6?6) y snafhulafó ul epkrtgltn nd GrngGlaflg, snrul tkagnd tkag dnoglak snr Glaflg,dnoglak nd çrng.Nl çrng.Nl Ennemdneg ftugd l dg cksekvfsfól cksekvfsfólnd skgeærfcgu skgeærfcg u epkrtglcfg tfck-rndfofksg s enlkr, gd Spklay/uskrnl Qnktfiugcgl, klan vneks vneksgd lgafgag eglnrg lafgaggg dg eglnrgleglak kl nd Strkemus lg aflg, n nlcunltrgæstg, upnaftgag Wuntzgdcógtd y lk sfneprnd Spklay/usstç rnprnQdçdkc,y y g Qdçdkc, snltgak l kpksfcfól d cgrgckd, g qun nl euciks tgemfæl d igddgtgemfæl an dks hrnscks mgbkrrndfnvnsn igddg Znctnly ktrgs enlkrns. ulqun d Spklktrgsmfvgdvgs mfvgdvgsenlkrns. ay/usgpgrnltnenltn, ay/us gpgrnltnenltn,k dnog tnlnrg fepkrtglgdcglzgnl nl nd Grng Glaflg, g orgl cfg rftugd un gdcglzg an cunltgs, rtnhgcks cklcigs ltnrgs cgltfagaan cgltfaga nktfiugcglks nltnrrgefnltks dksnltnrrgefnltks qun sn igddgl l dks gtnstfouglugtnskrgefnltk. Lkrtkl snansn anNl ktrk ekstró un rgmgbk nd Spklay/us Egrcksyfrvfó kek6?6) nemdneg Spklay/usfrvfó n dg and laflkand laflk ckltrkd n nd d rftk eåtfck-rndfofksk dduvfg dg hnrtfdfaga,u unn sn onlnró l g rnofól ksAn gddå' n afand GrngSnptnltrfklgdlaflg.An tn÷gand tn÷g igcfgnd nd sur, klan an dks Glaæs,igcfg hulafó d rnstk rnstkan tkeóorgl epkrtglcfg.grg mtnlnrd Spklay/us uhfcfnltnsgrg ks rnqunrfefnltks nl cgltfagans cgltfagansuhfcfnltns laflks n nstgmdncfó ltrçhfckun pnrefrftugdnslaflks rftugdns tåg kmtnlnr pklay/usl cgltfagans k sódk and GrngSnptnltrfklgd Snptnltrfklgdlaflg, laflg,flk gemfæl n dg ckstg Zgcåhfcg n Geærfcg nltrgd an Enskgeærfcg. An nstg eglnrgdnog nstgeglnrg dnogprfenrk prfenrkd lkrtn d trçhfck nd nr n, y dunok u sfolfhfcgakksekdóSpklay/usnr Spklay/us kekvniåvniåpkr k tgltk d usk andSpklay/uskek ofck,pkr ofck, cudkan cudk an fltnrcgemfkkmrg kmrgnl nl Enskgeærfcgepkrepkransan ks prfenrkskltgctks. d sfstneg n tglcfgansan tglcfg fltnrcgemfkuagenrfcglkun vgdkrfzg d > prflfepfan d usk andSpklay/usnd Gtdçltfck>. cnpsfepfan cnps
kl fltnrcgemfkkl lk tfnln lfloòlvgdkr nl nd fltnrcgemfk Suageærfcg. så nd Spklay/usl Cnltrkgeærfcg an fltnrvniåcudkan vgdkr kek vniåcudk fnlnvgdkr Enskgeærfcgfnln Enskgeærfcg eçsqun pkr u fepkrtglcgemfk dgrog fstglcfgeçs lulcg dnoó tnlnr grg ks ddålulcg cfg eåtfckrndfofksg,ddå afksnsenskgenrfcglks afksns enskgenrfcglksd vgdkran vgdkrangdfenltk gdfenltk fvflk qun tuvk nl dks Glans Gvfdfg, l Eurrg, 6?>0 Egrcks 6??/?9). Nd ekandk laflk GrngGlaflg rkaucn Nd trçhfck n Spklay/usl nd GrngGlaflg su vgdkrfzgcfól kek tnskrk prfeftfvk prfeftfvkAgdtkl, Agdtkl, kmtfnlnenafgltn kmtfnln enafgltn d fltnrcgemfk nd sn 76?>) qun an egluhgcturgsun un sn onlnrgl trgvæs nd sfstnegglaflk eg an dks ornefks Gyddus glaflkan Gyddus]kstwkrkws`f ]kstwkrkws`f ucugsnnZglcin. Dgs ucugs
kr dks enskgenrfcglks,g qun æstn genrfcglus)kr genrfcglus)
Qifs ckltnlt akwldkgana hrke 7=9.1=.=:=.7>: kl _na, =1 Hnm =:78 ::23727> ^QC Gdd usn sumbnct tk BSQK] Qnres gla Cklaftfkls
GEN]FCG7=? 7=? FLQN]CGEMFKDG]OGSFSQGLCFGSLGEN]FCG
Nl nstg rnofól pnrónd sfstneg n fltnrcgemfkn Spklaydus l su tktgdfaga, g qun pkrulgpgrtn d ekandkenskgentrçhfck kl nd Znrò un fefdgr fefdgrdd ekandkenskgenrfcglk,efnltrgs un nd trçhfck kl Enskgeærfcg Anmfakgg qun dks hulcfkló n dg eglnrg laflg. laflg.Anmfak nsudtgl nd enskgenrfcglksnsudtgl sfstnegs laflk y enskgenrfcglks n an trçhfck un dks enrcganrns-sige enrcganrns-sigeglns glns ekakan ekak
mgl g nxtrgnr n sus gougs lenafgtgsgrg gtfshgmglg Cnltrgdns GlansCnltrgdns ftugdns n dks Glans lncnsfagansftugdns cnr gs lncnsfagans egluhgcturgs and Sur.Nddks Sur.Nddksprkaubnrklusprkpfgsegluhgcturgs trçhfsutrçhfk usgrklegtnrfgdnssurpdus rkauctk n su sng afrnctgenltn ck ckl dgs ckl nd Grng GrngCnltrgd rnofklnslaflgs, rnofklns Cnltrgd laflgs, laflg ggtrgvæs n dks sn÷k sn÷k-enrfafklgdnsn dksqun iky s nd an dks G Glans lansenrfafklgdns råksan råks trghfcgltnsn dg ckstg An nstg eglnrgks kstrghfcgltns nstgeglnrg Ncugakr.An hgdtgdnshgdtgmtuvfnrkldd Spklaydus ncugtkrfglgmtuvfnrkl ncugtkrfglg un dns Spklaydusun Glaflgan an dgs GrngGlaflg mg pgrg nd fltnrcgemfkl nd Grng enskgenfcglgs, nlncnltrkgenrfcglgsenskgen ckstgscnltrkgenrfcglgs ckstgs ekandkenskgenrfcglk enskgenrfcglkn fltnrcgerglak så nd ekandk cugdhulcfklgmg mfk pkr nd hulcfklgmgl hkreg n Spklaydus cugd pkrSpklaydus snoenltksflngdns n lkrtn sury g dk dgrok n dg ckstgpgcåhfcg l qun igmftg d S. prflcnps. Nd Grng Snptnltrfklgdlaflg d fltrkaucfrd rftkan rftk an hnrtfdfaga ckltrkd n dg dduvfg gsgak l d GrngCnltrgd GrngCnltrgd ldg afgag Spklaydus-Strkemus aflg y an gddå igcfg dks Glans Glanseçs eçs surn÷ks, gd ckltflugrlcgfcg dfenltglak ckltrkdglaknd igstg dg and Ciflcigy cklqufstg lcgfcgand Ciflcigyuyk-, uyk-, trçhfck andEuddkand ekandk lafEuddk-nskrk nskrk Spklaydus)rnó rnónd ndekandk lk an fltnrcgemfkkr pklaydusAn nstgeglnrg, enrcganrnsnn dg nstks efnemrks n dg Dfog an enrcganrns ckstgncugtkrfglg un fltuågBfból Cggeg÷k, l trçhfckesu ghçlan ghçlan egltnlnrd egltnlnrd ckltrkd n nstn nstntrçhfck evgdkrnstnvgdkrpdnenltgrkll eglnbk cklóefck n nstn eklnag prfeftfvk vgdkr-tnskrkun pnrauró trgvæs n dg ifstkrfg rnifspçlfcgkek aks sfstnegs an fltnrcgemfk, lk prnakeflgltnenltn glaflky ktrkenskgenrfcglk, ks qun sfrvnl grg nxpdfcgr n ulg eglnrg xpdåcftg fnrtgs fefdftuans cudturgdns ltrn gs aks çrngsqun tgltk tgltkigl igl
dgs ckstgs nltrgdnsnd GrngSnptnltrfklgdlaflg GrngSnptnltrfklgd laflg kmtnlnrndd Spklaydus usgrkl grgnltrgdns un lk gdcglzg-
prnkcupgak dks genrfcglfstgs trgvæs n dks tfnepks.
nd Spklaysgcrfhfcfknd an Afnz Cglsnck, Cglsnck,76?:). 76?:). Nd sgcrfhfcfk y su kygsy /»/>,u gtnskrgefnltk,d cklvnrtfrdkl kygs ekrtukrfgl gs tuekhrnlagekrtukrfg gstuenltnrrgefnltk kekkhrnlag kek an ksprflcfpgdns,frvfó grg gcgr d Spklaydus mgsan mgs an dg cfrcudgcfól an eglnrg eglnrgn dks nrpntugru nrpntugr u nd sfstneg egltnlfnlak shnd shnstg ornefks trçhfck, stgddnrnssy nd nspnlafk n nlnroåg laflg l dks tgddnrns ks prkaucpncfgdfzgaks klan n egluhgcturgmgl tks pgrg d fltnrcgemfkklSpklaydus Nd ekandk ekandkenskgenrfcglk enskgenrfcglk enafgltndd Nd trçhfck nd Spklayduss nd vniåcudkenafgltn cugd sn kmtfnlnl rkauctks uagenrfcglks0,ntgrkauctksuagenrfcglks0, nbfaksy y pnarnrågs an nstg eglnrg,g durofgs, nbfaks ckekaflnrk aflnrk rfefuskckek cklcig aqufnrn lvgdkr usk tgemfælnn dg gtnskrg, tfvk Agdtkl, gulquntgemfæl 76?>),gulqun Agdtkl,76?>), sn dk usg ckek kyg y sn dk ckdkcg ckek khrnlag nl dgs tuemgs n dks prflcfpgdns, nrk stk pgrncn prflcfpgdns,nrk snreçs snr eçs pkr pkrsu su prnstfofkltrålsnck ltrålsnckkek kekvgdkr-afvgdkr-afckekvgdkr-tnvgdkr-tnckekndnenltk lnrkqun ckek ndnenltkeåtfck ckek skrk. Nd sfstneg n fltnrcgemfkl nd çrng snptnltrfklgd glaflg
EnrcgaknMkoktç.
Qifs ckltnlt akwldkgana hrke 7=9.1=.=:=.7>: kl _na, =1 Hnm =:78 ::23727> ^QC Gdd usn sumbnct tk BSQK] Qnres gla Cklaftfkls
7=9
FLQN]CGEMFKDG@OGSFSQGLCFGSLGEN]FCG
MFMDFKO]GHFG ng Sindds, nGenrfcglng Gmmkt,]. Quc`nr. 6?1 Genrfcgl ckla.Na. ckla. Na. Lunvg LunvgVkr`2 Vkr`2Xgl XglLkrstrgla Lkrstrglanflikda nflikda Ck. Lkrtinrlifdn. ifdn. l Lkrtinrl Nxcgvgtfklsl Mfra,Bulfus. Mfra, Bulfus. 613 Nxcgvgtfkls Nl Gltirkpkdkofcgd gpnrskh tin Genrfcgl Gltirkpkdkofcgdgpnrs Eusnue hLgturgd fstkry,kd.YYYXFFF,Zgrt Vkr`. LunvgVkr`. FX pp. 7?3-37 . Lunvg la tnpiglan. 7688 SinddKhhnrflosla Mkrinoiyf,tnpigl Ektfhstt Dg`n Gegtftdgl,ugSinddEktfhs tin^snkh ^snkhSindd Enxfck.Gctgs Gctgs and gla Qnktfiugcgl,Enxfck. tnegdggla tnegdg YYYXF Cklornskltnrlgcfklgdn Genrfcglfstgs Snvfddg, 681). an Mgdmkg, Cgmnddkan Cgmnddk Efound. 6=: Ifstkrfg nd Znrò Mgdmkg,Efound. akeflgcfólnn dks lcgs. eprnltg Dfmgbk dg akeflgcfól mrnråg glegrtå Cåg. Dfeg.
Igrvgra lfvnrsftyngmkayEusnue gpnrs 9. Cgemrfaon. Dgtirgp,Aklgda _. 76?3 Ofhts h tin Cgyegl2 sken tikuoits l tin Sumsfstnlcn SumsfstnlcnMgsfs Mgsfs kh Xgrfgtfklsl lGltirkpkdkoy,klgda klgda Cigvfl. l Xgrfgtfkls _. Dgtirgp la Bkay BkayAkuodgs, Akuodgs, as.pp.67-7:8. ^rmglg2 ddflkfs rcignkdkofcgdurvny. urvny. klgda Egrcks . Bkron Bgens . _.,Bkron _., Dgtirgp, ]ngdGdtk2 Gdtk2Gl GlGlcfnlt Glcfnlt nrneklfgd 6??]ngd Rnfadnr. 6?? LunvgVkr`. Vkr`. =-73.Lunvg Cnltnr. rcigndkoy: (7)2 =-73. Duemrnrgs,ufs Oufddnrek. 6?6 Cråtfcgs Znrspnctfvgs n dg Grqunkdkoåg laflg. kcuenltk -?an an Qrgmgbklòe. Zgrgcgs, nrò, -? an gmrfd n 76?6. ^LNSCK/ZL^A. BkronO. 76??/?9Crufsflok Gcgpudck Egrcks,Bkron Egrcks,
Cfnzg an Dnól, Dnól,Znark. Znark.7 SnoulagZgrtn Snoulag an dg an dksZgrtnan VuSn÷kråkan Sn÷kråk And799: FlcgsVuFlcgs Crólfcg nd Znrò.And Znrò. pglqufsy an susorglans nciks okmnrlgcfól. EgrcksBfeælnz n dg Nspgag. Na. Mfmdfktncg ^dtrgegr. kek X, vkd. ==, EgIfspçlfcg n ^dtrgegr.kek arfa. Eurrg. 613 Survny la Ckddfnr, klgday Bkil . Eurrg.613 fndaEusnue Eusnue Nxcgvgtfklsl kutinrlcugakr. fnda nrfns3>. 3>. kh LgturgdIfstkry ltirkpkdkofcgdnrfns Cifcgok. Cuvfnr'sGlfegd@floake. @floake. 91: Grrglonal cklhkrefty fti tskroglfzgtfkl.awgra rfhhfhti Qrgls. 9=?-3>. . 37> l.d. Agdtkl,Onkron.76?> @grd Zkdglyf'sGlgdysfs h
gla w wfti fti inQikrly inQikrly ystnr nt2 G ekand l Bkurlgd hkr Mgc` Dflngd h tin ystne. Nciglon StnwgraGltirkpkdkofcgdkcfnty, kd.6, lòes. 7 y =2 ^rmglg. Egrcks, kron . y Zrnsdny krtkl. 6?6 Fltnrprntgcfól kmrn g Grqunkdkoåg n dg Fsdgan Dg Zdgkd.7, Mkdntål tg. Nl Efscndçlng ltrkpkdóofcg,kd. and Mglck MglckCnltrgd an dks Eusnks Eusnksand Cnltrgd nd Ncugakr, Ougygqufd. Qrçhfckand Euddknl Euddknl dg Eurrg, kilX. 76?> Nd Qrçhfckand andZgcåhfck. Ckstgand Ckstg Hkregcfklnscklóefcgs Zgcåhfck. l Hkregcfklns cklóefcgs Zkdåtfcgsand and EulakGlaflk, Eulak Glaflk,pp. ==>-=8?, y Zkdåtfcgs lstftutknn Nstuafks nruglks. Dfeg0 lstftutk 7687 Ekdduscs htin h tinNgstnrl G.G. Ngstnrl gcfhfc, Kdsskl,
Dklo-Afstglcnrgan Dklo-Afstglcn rgangla glalaQrgan. IfsQrgan. _fanrBnrney grgafoe. Nl fvfdfzgtfklla Glcfnlt fvfdfzgtfkl . as. pp. Sgmdkhh la C.C. Dgemnro-@grdkvs`y Lnw Enx83-73=. Gdmuqunrqun2 lfvnrsftyh LnwEnxfck Zrnss. 7981 Eusfc h tinEkstGlcfnlt EkstGlcfnlt
[email protected] Nlond,@grd. tfkls . ?9, l.d. Ikde,Kdgh. 76>3 Nd Qgtugbnnltrn ks gmkråonlns prnpfzgrrnglksn dg CkstgNcugtkrfglg,uganranIfstkrfg Ifstkrfg Grqunkdkoåg,kd. dd, lòe. -9, lksan lks pp.>8-6=, pp. >8-6=,Ougygqufd. Ougygqufd. OrglEgrng Egrng ^lgOrgl Bgcfltk. 63: ^lg Bfbóly Bfból y Cgeg÷k, Cgeg÷k,Bgcfltk. Cudturgd l nd Lkrtn nstn nstnan anSuageærfcg. Suageærfcg. kurlgdandgSkcfntn lgd andgSkcfntnans ansGenrfcglfstns =2 7:?-76?. Genrfcglfstns Zgrås.
gefc-Zgcfhfc Zgrtfcudgrdyrke inSkutinrl inSkutinrl h tin tinZglZgltigcg2Zgdnkltkdkofcgd ndncypkag. Zgdh gdnkltkdkofcgd ]nsngrcilstftutfkl. ]nsngrci lstftutfkl. G GddfsklC. ddfskl C. 76?1 Qin Qikrly ystnr la Zgudsnl, tin Xkfcn kh Oka2 Spklaydus la laStrkemus l Strkemusl GlanglZrnifstkry,enrfcgl enrfcgl ltfqufty6 (1)2 >6?-8:?. Zfrns-Hnrrnfrg,gln_inndnr. 6?> NxciglonLntwkr`s l HkregtfvnEnskgenrfcg Enskgenrfcg fti pncfgd rnhnrnlcnk tinXgddny hKgxgcg. ^lfvnrsftyh Efcifogl, usnue h Gltirkpkdkoy,æekfrns GllGrmkr. lòe. , Gll Grmkr. Sinddgla gla Frkl gln_inndnr. 6?8 Sindd Zfrns-Hnrrnfrg,gln KrnEfrrkr Krn Efrrkrxciglonl Hkregtfvn nskgenrfcg. @nltX. X. ĸl Qin NgrdyEnskgenrfcgl fddgon.@nlt
@nnl, Ey g. 76?7 Sng Sinddskh Qrkpfcgd Qrkpfcgd_nst _nst Genrfcg2Egrfln EgrflnEkddus`s rke gbg Cgdfhkrlfg tk Znru,Snckla na. Stglhkra2^lfvnrsfty ^lfvnrsftyh Stglhkra rés;. dgsCksgs Cksgs HrgyAfnok Afnokan. 7617 ]ndgcfól n dgs Dglag,Hrgy Dglag, GdhrnaE. QkzznrQrgls., la na. an Vucgtçl. Vucgtçl.Gdhrna
Hdgllnry,a. Hdgllnry, a. pp. 377-3=9, 377-3=9,Lunvg LunvgVkr`2 Vkr`2 GcganefcZrnss. anefcZrnss. Zkdglyf,@grd. 76>? Qin Ncklkey s Flstftutna Egr`ntl Ngrdy epfrns. Zrkcnss. l Qrgan laEgr`ntl @. Zkdglyf, . Grnlsmnrola I. Zngrskl, as. HrnnZrnss. Zrnss. pp. =13-=86.Odnlckn, ddflkfs2 in Hrnn
Qifs ckltnlt akwldkgana hrke 7=9.1=.=:=.7>: kl _na, =1 Hnm =:78 ::23727> ^QC Gdd usn sumbnct tk BSQK] Qnres gla Cklaftfkls
FLQN]CGEMFKDG]OGSFSQGLCFGSLGEN]FCG 7=6
Flafks uemksnGrcifaklg. rglcfsI. I. 79>8 Qin prflcfpdnla ]gesmktige,rglcfs kh Kmstntrfc KmstntrfcEnafcfln Enafcfln la Suronry Zrgctfcnkh Zrgctfcn lòe. . p. 33, 7917,p. 7917, nrgrak.7616->7 Dks @kof, ]nfcind-Akdegtkhh,nrgrak. ulg Qrfmuan Qrfmuan dg Sfnrrg SfnrrgLnvgag Lnvgagan an Sgltg Egrtg. and Flstftutk tlkorçhfck gcfklgd, , ]nvfstgand ]nvfstg Mkoktç.
Ynrnz 7>=>) Nl Ckdnccfól n akcuenltkslæEgrtfl nrlçlaftkspgrg g Ifstkrfg n Nspg÷g,Egrtfl vkd.>, pp.763-=:7, nas.vkd. anzan Lgvgrrntn,t. gd. nas. pp. 763-=:7, Egarfa. EfaadnNdarfzkl Ndarfzkl xciglon 76?8 Efaadn Efcignd.76?8 Sefti,Efcignd. tinGlans. Glans.Anpgrtenlt Lntwkr`sl tin AnpgrtenlthGltirkES. pkdkoy, lfvnrsftyh ddflkfs, rmglg,ES.
