1.7 - The Transport of Substances in Plants

 

>.4 – XFA XZN@SREZX EI SQJSXN@CAS K@ RLN@XS

 

LANZ@K@D • Xe stntaEQXCEMAS tfa `acasskty ier trn`spert trn`spert ei sujstn`cas k` pln`ts • Xe kha`tk kha`tkiy iy & tfa vnsculnr tkssua k` vnsculnr stam, reet lani  • Xe stnta tfa rela ei vnsculnr vnsculnr tkssua k` k` tfa trn`spert ei sujstn`cas • Xe hascrkja hascrkja tfa structura structura ei vnsculnr vnsculnr tkssua • Xe ralnta tfa tfa structura ei xylam te trn`spert

 

pln`ts Tntar & mk`arnl Cnpkllnry nctke` Zeet prassura

Ieeh

Xrn`spertah jy  k`velvas

k`velvas pfleam trn`slecntke`

xylam

Xrn`spkrntke`nl pull Zasults k` Xrn`spkrntke` niiactk`d 

`aah 

structura

Zalnta te

Zalnta te Ynsculnr tkssuas

Incters >.

Nkr mevama`t

:. 3. 8.

Xamparntura Lkd kdft ft k` k`ta ta` `sk skty ty Zaln Za lntk tkva va fu fumk mkhk hkty ty

Ieu`h stam

k` reet

lani 

 

@ACASSKX[  • Assa`tknl te trn`spert wntar & mk`arnl snlts njserjah jy tfa reets fnva te ja trn`spertah te nll pnrts ei tfa pln`ts. • Tntar – ns n selva`t ier jkecfamkcnl rx`s, ns ranctn`ts k` call matnjelksm (ax.?lkdft rx`)

 

CEZXAV -Ce`skst ei cella`cfymn calls k` eutar radke`, pnra`cfymn calls k` k``ar radke`

RKXF --Lnrda pnra`cfymn calls Ieeh sternda

ARKHAZMKS -e`a callah tfkcg wktf cutkcla eutskha -Fns la`tkcal ier raspkrntke`

YNSCQLNZ JQ@HLA - Nrrn`da  Nrrn`da k` tfa rk`d nreu`h nreu`h tfa pktf -Vylam n`h pfelam sapnrntah jy cnmjkum tkssua

 

ZEEX FNKZ -Spacknlksah apkharmnl call -K`cransa surinca nran ier wntar njserptke`

A@HEHAZMKS (rah) -Sk`dla lnyar ei calls

YNSCQLNZ C[LK@HAZ (SXALA) -Ce`skst ei vnsculnr tkssua n`h parkcycla -Vylam rnhkntas irem tfa ca`tra iermk`d stnr sfnpa -Rfleam- nran jatwaa` xylam

ARKHAZMKS -Heas `et fv cutkcla - Njserjs  Njserjs wntar n`h ke` irem sekl

RAZKC[CLA (draa`) -Ce`skst ei sclara`cfymn tkssua- macfn`kcnl suppert

 

Cress Sactke` ei N Lani

 

Ynsculnr Xkssua k` Stam, Zeet & Lanvas

• V[LAM – trn`spert wntar & mk`arnl snlts • RFLEAM – trn`spert erdn`kc sujstn`cas • Ynsculnr systam ks `et k`velvah k` tfa trn`spert ei exyda` & cnrje` hkexkha.

 

SXZQCXQZA EI V[LAM K@ ZALNXKE@ XE XZN@SREZX • Kt fns twe kmpertn`t iu`ctke`s ? – Kt trn`spert wntar & mk`arnl ke`s irem reets te tfa uppar pnrts ei tfa pln`t – Kt nlse prevkha macfn`kcnl suppert te tfa pln`t

• K` ewark`d pln`ts, tfa xylam ce`sksts ei  xylam vassals, trncfakhs, trncfakhs, pnra`cfymn & ijras.. ijras • Xfa vassals nra ale`dntah calls nrrn`dah nrrn`dah a`h te a`h. Xe nllew wntar te ew k` ew k` n ce`tk`ueus celum`.

 

V[LAM V[LAM YASSALS -le`d, fellew, ce`tk`ueus tujas -Hanh calls, `e preteplnsm te anskar tfa ilew ei wntar  -Call wnll- stra`dtfa`ah jy lkd`k`macfn`kcnl suppert -Call wnll- pkts te nllew wntar n`h mk`arnl pnss skha wny jatwaa` tfa calls

 

• XZNCFAKH - Hanh calls, fellew jut le`dar n`h smnllar tfn` xylam vassal - Rek`tah a`h, pkttah • RNZA@CF[MN N@H IKJZAS - Rnra`cfymn steras ieeh - Ikjras prevkha suppert

 

•  Xfa a`h wnlls ei tfa vassals vassals fnva jrega` hew` te prevkha n` u`k`tarruptah ew ei wntar up tfa pln`t. •  Xfa skha wnlls ei xylam xylam vassals nra parierntah jy pkts, wfkcf nllew wntar & mk`arnl snlts te pnss skhawnys.

•  Xfa lkd`kah wnlls mnga mnga tfa xylam vassals vassals rkdkh te prava`t tfam irem cellnpsk`d u`har tfa lnrda ta`ske` iercas sat up jy tfa trn`spkrntke` pull.

 

•  Xfa `nrrew`ass ei tfa luma` ei xylam vassals k`cransas tfa cnpkllnrkty iercas. •  Xfa lkd`kah wnlls ei tfa tfa xylam vassals k`cransa tfa nhfaske` ei wntar melaculas & falps tfa wntar te rksa jy cnpkllnrkty. • Mntura vassals nra hanh calls wktf `e preteplnsm te ejstruct tfa ew.

 

• Ce`kiars & iar`s he `et fnva xylam vassals. Xfay fnva k`trncfakhs   wfkcf nra lasse`ly acka`t acka`t k` wntar trn`spert. • Xrncfakhs he `et fnva epa` a`hs te a`hs te ierm n ce`tk`ueus fellew tuja te pnss wntar irem call te call tfreudf pkts.

 

SXZQCXQZA EI RFLEAM K@ ZALNXKE@ XE XZN@SREZX • Xrn`sperts erdn`kc ieeh sujstn`cas (sucresa & nmk`e nckhs) irem lanvas te vnrkeus pln`t  pnrts • Ce`sksts mnk`ly ei skava ei skava tujas & cempn`ke` calls •  N skava tuja ks n cylk`hrkcnl tuja mnha up ei ale`dntah lkvk`d skava tuja calls.

 

•  Xfa cress-wnlls sapnrntk`d tfa skava tuja calls nra parierntah jy smnll peras. peras. Xfa cress-wnlls wktf tfa peras leeg lkga n skava & nra cnllah skava plntas.

•  Xfara nra cyteplnsmkc ce``actke`s jatwaa` ce``actke`s  jatwaa` tfa skava tuja calls tfreudf tfa skava peras. (nllew (nllew tfa ilew ei hksselvah ieeh mntarknls irem e`a skava tuja call te tfa `axt). `axt).

 

• Mntura skava tujas  mn`y call erdn`allas  erdn`allas  k`cluhk`d `uclaus hada`arnta. • N tfk` lnyar ei cyteplnsm & sema mktecfe`hrkn nra ieu`h lk`k`d tfa k`skha ei 

tfa tfk` callulesa call wnll  lass raskstn`ca te raskstn`ca  te tfa rnpkh ew ei `utrka`t selutke` tfreudf tfa skava tuja calls. • Cempn`ke` calls nra e`ly ieu`h k` ewark`d pln`t, pln`t, `et k` ce`kiars er iar`s. Kts nhonca`t & clesaly nsseckntah wktf tfa skava tuja calls.

 

• Ancf cempn`ke` calls fns n `uclaus, ha`sa cyteplnsm & mn`y mktecfe`hrkn.. mktecfe`hrkn • Falp te trn`spert mn`uincturah ieeh irem lani calls k`te tfa skava tujas. tujas. • Mn`y mktecfe`hrkn te da`arnta NXR  NXR  `aahah ier nctkva trn`spert ei sucresa irem cempn`ke` calls k`te tfa skava tujas.

 

• Tfa` n stam ei n weehy pln`t ks rk`dah, tfa jnrg ce`tnk`k`d tkssuas axtar`nl te tfa xylam (k`cluhk`d pfleam tkssua) ks ramevah • @utrka`t selutke` ce`tnk`k`d erdn`kc sujstn`cas ks prava`tah irem jak`d trn`spertah te tfa reets. • Ieeh mntarknls weulh nccumulnta k` tfa eutar stam, njeva tfa rk`dah radke` ei tfa pln`t.

 

• K` anrly stnda, `e wkltk`d jacnusa wkltk`d jacnusa xylam vassals cn` stkll trn`spert trn`spert wntar & mk`arnls irem tfa reets te tfa uppar pnrts ei tfa pln`t. • Xfa pln`t ava`tunlly wklt & hka  hka  jacnusa ieeh sy`tfasksah k` tfa lanvas cn``et ja trn`spertah te tfa reet calls  cn` `e le`dar njserj wntar & mk`arnl snlts irem tfa sekl selutke`.

 

IKZA!!! TNCFN!!!!

 

JK JKEL ELED ED[ [ IEZ IEZM M 1

CFNR CF NRXA XAZ Z > ? XZN XZN@S @SRE REZX ZX

 

LANZ@K@D EQ

CEMAS

• Xe stnta wfnt wfnt trn`slecntke` ks. • Xe axplnk` tfa kmpertn`ca kmpertn`ca ei trn`slecntk trn`slecntk k` pln`ts. • Xe hascrkja hascrkja tfa precass precass ei trn`spkrntke`. trn`spkrntke`. • Xe axplnk` tfa kmpertn`ca kmpertn`ca ei trn`spkrntk trn`spkrntk • Xe hascrkja hascrkja tfa pntfwny pntfwny ei wntar irem irem t sekl te tfa lanvas. • Xe stnta axtar`nl axtar`nl ce`hktke`s ce`hktke`s nactk`d nactk`d trn`spkrntke`

 

XZN@SLECNXKE@ • Xfa trn`spert ei selujla erdn`kc sujstn`cas sucf ns sucresa n`h nmk`e nckh irem tfa lanvas te etfar pnrts ei pln`ts. KMREZXN@CA EI XZN@SLECNXKE@ • A`suras n pln`t‛s survkvnl • Erdn`kc ieeh melaculas cn` ja trn`spertah ? –  Xe tfa drewk`d drewk`d radke`s k` k` tfa pln`t ier ier drewtf & havalepma`t –  Xe tfa pln`t pln`t calls ier matnjelksm matnjelksm – Hew`wnrhs irem tfa lanvas te tfa sternda erdn`s sucf ns tfa reets

 

@

• Xfa less ei wntar ns wntar vnpeur irem n lkvk`d pln`t te tfa ntmespfara hua te avnperntke`. • Mest ei tfa wntar ks lest tfreudf tfa stemntn ei lanvas. • N smnll nmeu`t ks lest tfreudf tfa cutkcla  er tfreudf tfa la`tkcals k` weehy stam

 

• Xfraa mnk` sktas ei sktas ei trn`spkrntke` nra ? – SXEMNXN – ;2% ei trn`spkrntke` tngas plnca tfreudf mk`uta peras e` lanvas cnllah stemntn – CQXKCLA – >2% ei trn`spkrntke` tngas plnca tfreudf tfa cutkcla. Xfa nmeu`t ei wntar less vnrkas wktf tfa tfkcg`ass ei tfa wnxy cutkcla – LA@XKCALS – smnll peras k` tfa stam wfkcf nllew dnsaeus axcfn`da. E`ly smnll nmeu`ts ei wntar nra lest tfreudf tfa la`tkcals.

 

Xfa Kmpertn`ca ei • CrantasXrn`spkrntke` n trn`spkrntke`nl pull tfnt pulls wntar & hksselvah mk`arnl ke`s irem tfa reet te tfa lanvas. • Tntar supplkah te tfa pln`t ks usah ier pfetesy`tfasks & call matnjelksm. Mk`arnl ke`s ks usah ier call nctkvktkas & drewtf & havalepma`t ei tfa pln`t.

 

• Tntar gaaps tfa call turdkh  dkva suppert te lanvas & yeu`d stams (farjncaeus pln`ts). • Xe gaap tfa pln`t ceel, ceel, n` kmpertn`t aact pnrtkculnrly k` fet ce`hktke`. • Tntar avnperntas irem tfa pln`ts te tfa ntmespfara instar tfn` kt cn` ja njserjah irem tfa sekl, kt ks wktfhrnw` irem tfa pln`t calls  ncckh – lanhk`d te wkltk`d

 

  IZEM XFA SEKL XE XFA LANYAS • Cyteplnsm ei tfa reet fnkr calls ks fyparte`kc te tfa surreu`hk`d wntar • Tntar hkusas k`te reet fnkr call jy esmesks • Xfa call snp ei tfa nhonca`t nhonca`t certax call call nra mera fyparte`kc • Xfks wkll cnusa wntar melaculas melaculas te hkusa hkusa k`te tfa `axt call jy esmesks • Tntar a`tars xylam irem tfa certax call jy esmesks • Zeet prassura falps te trn`spert wntar upwnrh • Cnpkllnry nctke` ks hua te tfa iercas ei

nhfaske` n`h cefaske`  

•  Xfks wkll a`njla wntar wntar te meva up nle`d tfa xylam vassals • Hurk`d tfa hny, wntar avnperntas irem masepfyll calls k`te k`tarcallulnr spnca ei tfa lanvas • Tntar less irem masepfyll calls ks raplncah jy wntar wfkcf ews k` irem tfa tep ei xylam vassals k` tfa lanvas hua te trn`spkrntke`nl pull • Tntar ews ce`tk`ueusly irem tfa reets te tfa lanvas cnllah trn`spkrntke`nl stranm

 

DQXXNXKE@ • K` smnll pln`ts, reet prassura cn` pusf wntar nll tfa wny up tfa stam & eut ei spacknl peras cnllah fyhntfehas  fyhntfehas   nt tfa ahdas ei lanvas  Duttntke` • Eccurs e` ceel fumkh mer`k`d wfa` mer`k`d wfa` tfa nkr ks tee snturntah ier tfa wntar hreps te avnpernta irem tfa lanvas.

 

XFA AVXAZ@NL CE@HKXKE@S NIIACXK@D XFA ZNXA EI XZN@SRKZNXKE@ • Xfa axtar`nl axtar`nl incters tfnt nact tfa rnta ei avnperntke`. – Nkr mevama`t – Xamparntu  Xamparntura ra – Lkdft k`ta`skty – Zalntkva fumkhkty

 

NKZ MEYAMA@X • Mevama`t ei nkrfnva cnrrkas nwnyirem wntar melaculas tfnt melaculas  tfnt hkusah tfa lanvas. •  Xfa tfa drantar tfa drantar instar tfa  tfankr rnta mevama`t ei trn`spkrntke`. (wk`h spaah) • Tfa` tfara ks lkttla nkr mevama`t/ k` stkll nkr, wntar vnpeur hkusk`d eut ei tfa lani nccumulntas nreu`h tfa stemntn. • Hacransas tfa ce`ca`trntke` drnhka`t ei wntar, tfa trn`spkrntke` rnta rahucas.

 

XAMRAZNXQZA

• N rksa k` tamparntura k`cransas tfa gk`atkc a`ardy ei a`ardy  ei wntar melaculas & k`cransa tfa rnta ei avnperntke` (trn`spkrntke`). • Lewars tfa ralntkva fumkhkty ei tfa nkr k`cransa tfa rnta ei trn`spkrntke`.

 

• Xamparntura lew, gk`atkc a`ardy ei wntar melaculas ks hacransah. • Zalntkva fumkhkty ei tfa nkr ks fkdfar hacransa tfa rnta ei trn`spkrntke`

 

 

LKDFX K@XA@SKX[  • Xfa lkdft k`ta`skty k`cransah, tfa rnta ei avnperntke` k`cransas. • Lkdft `et aiiacts avnperntke` jut cnusas tfa stemntn te epa`  k`cransk`d wntar less irem tfa pln`t. • Nt `kdft B hnrg, stemntn clesa  rnta ei trn`spkrntke` hacransas

 

ZALNXKYA FQMKHKX[  •  Xfa rnta ei avnperntke` hapa`hs hapa`hs e` tfa tfa hkara`ca hkara`ca k` ce`ca`trntke` ei wntar melaculas k` tfa sujstemntnl spncas & k` tfa surreu`hk`d ntmespfara. •  Xfa lewar tfa tfa ralntkva fumkhkty fumkhkty ei tfa surreu`hk`d ntmespfara, tfa instar wkll tfa wntar vnpeur ascnpa irem tfa stemntn. • Tfa` tfa nkr ks snturntah wktf wntar vnpeur, wntar ks u`njla te avnpernta irem pln`t calls • Fkdf ralntkva fumkhkty rahucas wntar less.

 

Epa`k`d n`h Clesk`d ei Stemn

 

ERA@K@D EI SXEMNXN • Hurk`d tfa hny, pfetesy`tfasks eccur k` dunrh calls n`h prehuca dlucesa • G ke` nra nctkvaly pumpah irem surreu`hk`d apkharmnl calls k`te dunrh calls •  Nccumulntke` ei G ke` n`h dlucesa k`cra k`cransa nsa tfa esmetkc prassura ei dunrh calls • Dunrh calls jacema turdkh, curva eutwnrh, n`h stemntn epa` • Tntar vnpeur hkiiusa eut irem tfa suj stemntn nkr spnca te tfa surreu`hk`d

 

CLESK@D EI SXEMNXN • K` tfa hnrg, pfetesy`tfasks heas `et eccur  • G ke` meva eut ei tfa dunrh call k`te apkharmnl call • Tntar hkiiusa eut k`te tfa apkharmnl call jy esmesks • Dunrh calls jacema ilncckh n`h tfa stemntn clesas • Tntar vnpeur cn``et hkiiusa eut te tfa surreu`hk`d. Xrn`spkrntke` step

surreu`hk`d. Xrn`spkrntke` step

 

Znsulullnf s.n.w jarsnjhn?    jarsnjhn?  [n`d ma`onhkgn` ern`d mugmk` ktu pamurnf nhnlnf ndnmn`yn,yn`d ma`onhkgn` ern`d mugmk` ktu mampu`ynk gafermntn` nhnlnf ngnl`yn hn` yn`d ma`onhkgn` ern`d mugmk` ktu mulkn nhnlnf juhk

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