16 Organizacion y Comerc

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn

Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

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DKWÀRQHN Y3 NZFKEOSKDOÔE _ DN@AZDOKHOSKDOÔE NJCAROYNT3   Baioeor hk astrudturk curàbodk bah prnyadtn.   Baioeor hk astrudturk kb`oeostrktovk bah prnyadtn.   Baioeor ah sosta`k ba dn`ardokhozkdoôe.

  

OERZNBQDDOÔE Ae asta dkpàtuhn sa astubokrëe hks inr`ks khtarektovks ba hk nrfkeozkdoôe curàbodk y kb`oeostrktovk ba hk a`prask phketakbk.

‘Nrfkeozkdoôe as ue prndasn `aboketa ah dukh, pkrtoaebn ba hk aspadokhozkdoôe  y bovosoôe bah trkjkcn, kfrupk y ksofek iuedoneas k ueobkbas aspadàiodks a oetarrahkdonekbks pnr hàeaks ba `kebn, dn`ueodkdoôe y carkrquàk pkrk dnetrojuor kh hnfrn ba njcatovns dn`ueas k ue frupn ba parsneks‐ 

HK O@WNZRKEDOK BAH @KZDN HAFKH Hk kdtovobkb a`praskrokh y hns prnyadtns qua ba ahhk sa barovke sa aeduaetrke oednrpnrkbks k ue batar`oekbn nrbaek`oaetn curàbodn qua rafuhk ah `krdn hafkh ae ah dukh hns kfaetas adneô`odns sa basaevnhvarëe. Kh o`pha`aetkrsa ah prnyadtn, kba`ës ba oesartkrsa dn`n uek nrfkeozkdoôe sndokh y adneô`odk, sa dnestotuya ae ue aeta curàbodn ae ah qua aetrahkzke dnetrktns hkjnrkhas, dn`ardokhas y ntrns qua, kh dnedurror so`uhtëeak y sudasovk`aeta faearke hks rahkdoneas adneô`odks qua prnbudae hks pïrbobks y utohobkbas ba ue eafndon. Ba kquà qua hk a`prask y ae tnbn prnyadtn sa njsarva ue k`phon ueovarsn hafkh ba baradlns y njhofkdoneas prnvaeoaetas tketn ba hk hay dn`n ba hns dnetrktns qua sa susdrojae. Ae ah astubon tïdeodn as pnsojha bostoefuor khfuens dnstns qua sa barovke ba hns kspadtns hafkhas y qua sa ksndoke k, pnr aca`phn, hk dn`prk ba `krdks, hodaedoks n pktaetas, kh pkfn ba hns krkedahas y par`osns  pkrk hk o`pnrtkdoôe ba `kquoekrok, `kquoekrok, k hns fkstns barovkbns barovkbns ba hns dnetrktns ba trkjkcn y ioeoquotns hkjnrkhas, k hk oevarsoôe ae o`pha`aetns pkrk hk safurobkb oebustrokh qua pnsojohotae bkr du`pho`oaetn k hks enr`ks iockbks pkrk tkhas aiadtns, atd.  

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

:

NZFKEOSKDONE CQZOBODK Hks nrfkeozkdoneas curàbodks `ës dn`ueas ae ah pkàs sne3 sndoabkbas keôeo`ks, sndoabkbas ba raspneskjohobkb ho`otkbk, y ueoparsnekhas. (k)

Hk a`prask ueoparsnekh tk`joïe dnendobk dn`n ba prnpoatkron oebovobukh as A`prask Qeoparsnekh. hk `ës ketofuk y hk `ës dn`óe basba ah puetn ba vostk ba su dketobkb. Ae asta topn ba a`prask, ah  prnpoatkron as ah prnpoatkron ae tnbn ah saetobn ba hk pkhkjrk. Hk boraddoôe boraddoôe y hk kdtukdoôe kdtukdoôe sne hks iuedoneas bah prnpoatkron. Hks badosoneas óhto`ks, hks obaks, ah ïxotn ba hk a`prask y hk raduparkdoôe ba ue drïbotn so ïsta ikhhk, bapaebae bah prnpoatkron. Hks oestotudoneas babodkbks k bkr drïbotn faearkh`aeta dnedabae ue drïbotn soaebn hk inrtuek bah prnpoatkron ah hà`ota bah pnsojha prïstk`n.

(j)

Tndoabkb Keôeo`k (T.K.).  As uek sndoabkb ba dkpotkhas soe o`pnrtkr hks parsneks= ah dkpotkh sa bovoba ae duntks qua sne raprasaetkbks pnr tàtuhns vkhnras, hhk`kbks kddoneas. Roaea raspneskjohobkb ho`otkbk sôhn lkstk ah `netn ba sus kpnrtas ae dksn ba quoajrk. Tne kb`oeostrkbks pnr ue boradtnron. Hns sndons, oedhusova `oenrotkrons puabae acardar suparvofohkedok ae hk kb`oeostrkdoôe ba hns radursns, `aboketa hk en`oekdoôe ba sàebodns (kubotnras).

(d)

Tndoabkb ba Zaspneskjohobkb Ho`otkbk (T.Z.H.). As uek sndoabkb ba dkpotkhas, bneba ah dkpotkh sa bovoba aetra hks parsneks qua sne dkedahkbks àetafrk`aeta, ae ah kdtn ba dnestotudoôe. Roaea raspneskjohobkb ho`otkbk, hn dukh sofeoiodk qua hns sndons raspnebae keta `khns `keacns, sôhn lkstk ah `netn ba sus kpnrtas. Baja sar dnestotuobk dne ue `àeo`n ba : sndons, y `ëxo`n ba :1 sndons. Ae faearkh sne kb`oeostrkbns pnr ue faraeta. Ah ku`aetn ba Dkpotkh Tndokh njhofk k uek euavk ior`k ba asdroturk dnestotutovk, oetrnbudoaebn `nboiodkdoneas pkrtoduhkras.

(b)

Cnoet Yaetura.  Dnedajobn dn`n uek tardark a`prask qua ekda dne kpnrtas ba dkpotkh ba pnr hn `aens ntrks bns. Hks bns pro`arks dn`pkûàks `ketoaeae su oebapaebaedok, y sa inr`k uek tardark qua hks toaea dn`n sndoks.

(a)

Irkequodok.  Astk `nbkhobkb sa lk pnpuhkrozkbn ae hns óhto`ns toa`pns, a`puckbk proedopkh`aeta  pnr hk brk`ëtodk brk`ëtodk raastrudturkdoôe raastrudturkdoôe qua astë suiroaebn ah sadtnr sadtnr dn`ardokh dn`ardokh ae hns hns pkàsas a`arfaetas. a`arfaetas. Hk khokezk irkequodoketa-irkequodokbn o`pnea ae hk prëdtodk doartn topn ba carkrquàks, pnr hn faearkh, en axosta trkspksn ba pkquatas kddonekrons. Hk irkequodok, dn`n uek trkes`osoôe tntkh ba ue sosta`k, oedhuobn ah aetraek`oaetn y kpnyn bah sosta`k nparktovn, pntaedok ah `krmatoef, pnrqua hnfrk uek axpkesoôe y paeatrkdoôe ae hk dkbaek ba bostrojudoôe y dn`ardokhozkdoôe, `uy boiàdoh ba baskrrnhhkr dne radursns prnpons. Kba`ës, faeark uek boiusoôe ba hk `krdk y sa kbuaûk ba ue pnsodonek`oaetn ae inr`k `udln `aens nearnsk.

(i)

Hodaedoks y rnykhtoas. Astk khokezk as ue pkroaeta `aenr ba hk irkequodok, ae duketn hns dnevaeons qua sa ior`ke en axofae hns dnetrnhas rofurnsns ba ïstk óhto`k, eo axostae prnfrk`ks ba aetraek`oaetn. Hks hodaedoks y rnykhtoas astëe dnjrkebn frke entnroabkb ae ah `krdn ba uek adnen`àk dradoaeta`aeta fhnjkhozkbk, pntaedokebn ah `krmatoef. Hks ikdohobkbas ba hk adnen`àk fhnjkh par`otae tn`kr hodaedoks, pkfkr rnykhtoas, n kdnrbkr hodaedoks y dnjrkr rnykhtoas.

NZFKEOSKDOÔE KB@OEOTRZKROYK Kh bosaûkr uek astrudturk nrfkeozkdonekh as eadaskron dnesobarkr hk inr`k ae qua sa ksofeke hks `óhtophas kdtovobkbas. Dkbk parsnek baja daetrkrsa ae uek pkrta aspadàiodk ba hk tkrak tntkh, parn kh `os`n toa`pn baja dnnrboekr trkjkcn trkjkcn ba hns parn ba`ës. ue ae soeeó`arn frupns hks ba kdtovobkbas y basu hkzns quadne hksahoetarrahkdoneke, hk Wuaba inr`k lkdarsa aspadàiodk qua sa ba dn`joeke

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

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kdtovobkbas ae frupns y ae sujfrupns toaea ue o`pkdtn prniuebn ae hk acadudoôe axotnsk ba dukhquoar astrktafok. Wkrk dnestruor hk astrudturk ba uek nrfkeozkdoôe as eadaskron rakhozkr uek saroa ba kdtovobkbas, ïstks sne3

Wro`arn3 Hostkr tnbks hks kdtovobkbas qua as eadaskron hhavkr k dkjn pkrk hnfrkr hns njcatovns y `atks ba hk nrfkeozkdoôe, duobkebn ba bostoefuor hks nparkdonekhas, ba hks ba sarvodon y ba hks ksasnràks. Hks kdtovobkbas nparkdonekhas  sne kdtovobkbas dhkva ba hk nrfkeozkdoôe dn`n hks ba  prnbuddoôe ae uek a`prask `keuikdtu `keuikdturark= rark= hks ba vaetks ae uek nrfkeozkdoôe nrfkeozkdoôe ba bostrojudoôe= bostrojudoôe= hks ba oevastofkdoôe ae ue hkjnrktnron n hks ba aesaûkezk ae uek asduahk. Qek ba hks vaetkcks ba sapkrkr hks ueobkbas ba sarvodon as qua ikdohotke ah kpnyn n sarvodon qua prnpnrdoneke k hks ueobkbas nparkdonekhas, bkbn qua hk sapkrkdoôe ikvnrada qua ah parsnekh ba astks ueobkbas kbquoark `kynr lkjohobkb, dnendo`oaetns y axparoaedok ae bodlks kdtovobkbas. Aetra hks basvaetkcks, pnba`ns bador qua, sa phks`k ae ah ku`aetn ba hns dnstns iocns, jësodk`aeta pnr dnedaptn ba skhkrons ba parsnekh ba astks ueobkbas y pnr hk oevarsoôe qua sa raquoara ae aquopn ba niodoek, hkjnrktnron, atd., ah dukh as eadaskron pkrk qua asta parsnekh puabk trkjkckr.  Hks kdtovobkbas ba sarvodon sne ba dkrëdtar kuxohokr n ba kpnyn k hks kdtovobkbas nparkdonekhas, su iuedoôe as ikdohotkr qua ïstks sa rakhodae ae inr`k `ës saedohhk y aiodoaeta= pnr hn faearkh sa  puabae dnesobarkr dnesobarkr kdtovobkbas kdtovobkbas ba sarvodon hks ba dnetkjohobkb, dnetkjohobkb, ioekezks, ioekezks, `ketaeo`oaetn, `ketaeo`oaetn, dnetrnh dnetrnh

ba dkhobkb, tnbks hks rahkdonekbks dne hk kb`oeostrkdoôe ba parsnekh, atd. Kba`ës ba astks ueobkbas, puaba sar eadaskron dnesobarkr k hks ueobkbas ksasnrks, astks sne duarpns nrfkeozkdonekhas ae qua sa utohozk parsnekh dne dnendo`oaetns aspadokhozkbns ae khfuek kdtovobkb= asta topn ba parsnekh kdtók dn`n ksasnr kh parsnekh ba hàeak ae puastns ba boraddoôe y k snhodotub ba ïsta.

Tafuebn3 _k kfrupkbks hks boiaraetas kdtovobkbas, as eadaskron sapkrkrhks ae eovahas carërquodns. Ae asta `n`aetn as eadaskron njsarvkr hns proedopons ba baioeodoôe ba kutnrobkb, raspneskjohobkb y dn`prn`osn, ah asdkhkr, ah ba ueobkb ba `kebn y ah ba trk`n ba dnetrnh. Rk`joïe as o`pnrtketa ah dnedaptn ba bapkrtk`aetkhozkdoôe, qua dnesosta ae kfrupkr ae bapkrtk`aetns kquahhks kdtovobkbas ba trkjkcn qua sne so`ohkras n toaeae uek rahkdoôe hôfodk. Hk nrfkeozkdoôe iuedonekh, as uek bapkrtk`aetkhozkdoôe ae hk qua hks parsneks sa kfrupke safóe hk babodkdoôe qua taefke, pnr aca`phn, `ardkbntadeok n ioekezks, sa kfrupke ae uek kdtovobkb. Hk nrfkeozkdoôe pnr prnbudtn raóea ae uek ueobkb ba trkjkcn k tnbns hns qua pkrtodopke ae hk  prnbuddoôe y dn`ardokhozkdoôe dn`ardokhozkdoôe ba ue prnbudtn n ue frupn rahkdonekbn rahkdonekbn ba prnbudtns. prnbudtns. Hk nrfkeozkdoôe pnr dhoaetas sa bovoba ba kduarbn dne hns boiaraetas usns qua hns dhoaetas bke k hns prnbudtns

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn

Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

2

Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

Rardarn3 Ahkjnrkr ah nrfkeofrk`k n dkrtk ba nrfkeozkdoôe

Boradtnron

Faraedok ba  prnbuddoôe

Faraedok kb`oeostrktovk

Faraedok ioekedoark

Whkeoiodkdoôe

ZZ.LL.

Dnetkjohobkb

Dnetrnh

O&B

Drïbotn

Dkhobkb

@krmatoef

Yaetks

@ketaeo`oae.

Dkck

Dukrtn3  Baioeor hns puastns k trkvïs ba ue keëhosos ba puastns ah dukh dnesosta jësodk`aeta ae

(k)  hk basdropdoôe bah puastn n batar`oekdoôe ba hn qua ah trkjkckbnr baja lkdar y (j)  hk aspadoiodkdoôe bah `os`n n hk aeu`arkdoôe ba hks dkrkdtaràstodks, lkjohobkbas, axparoaedoks, dnendo`oaetns, atd., qua bajae raueor hk parsnek qua hn vk k ndupkr k ioe ba qua puabk lkdarhn aiodoaeta`aeta.

[uoetn3  Ioekh`aeta as eadaskron ahkjnrkr ah `keukh ba nrfkeozkdoôe y/n ah ba prndabo`oaetns. Ah `keukh ba nrfkeozkdoôe as ue bndu`aetn ae ah dukh sa axpnea dne batkhha hk astrudturk ba uek nrfkeozkdoôe y saûkhk hns puastns qua hk oetafrke. Ksà dn`n hks rahkdoneas qua axostae aetra ahhns. Rk`joïe oebodk hk carkrquàk, ah frkbn ba kutnrobkb y raspneskjohobkb ba dkbk puastn, y hks iuedoneas y kdtovobkbas ba dkbk ôrfken n ueobkb nrfkeozkdonekh. Ah `keukh ba nrfkeozkdoôe astkjhada quï sa vk k lkdar y quoïe hn vk k lkdar, ae dk`jon ah `keukh ba prndabo`oaetns batar`oek dô`n bajae rakhozkrsa hks kdtovobkbas. Ah `keukh ba nrfkeozkdoôe baja dnetaear3  

Hns njcatovns ba hk nrfkeozkdoôe y ba dkbk eovah carërquodn.

 

Hks pnhàtodks, tketn ba hk a`prask ae su dnecuetn dn`n hks ba dkbk bovosoôe n bapkrtk`aetn.

 

Ah nrfkeofrk`k dn`phatn.

 

Hk rafhk`aetkdoôe ba hns kspadtns qua raquoarae dnnrboekdoôe pkrk avotkr dneihodtns.

 

Hk baioeodoôe ba hks iuedoneas ba dkbk puastn y bah frkbn ba kutnrobkb qua as eadaskron bahafkr  pkrk qua sa puabke hhavkr hhavkr k dkjn. Ae ntrks pkhkjrks, as eadask eadaskron ron oedhuor tketn hk basdro basdropdoôe pdoôe ba dkbk puastn dn`n hk aspadoiodkdoôe ba dkbk uen ba ahhns.

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn

Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

1

Ah `keukh ba prndabo`oaetns  as ue bndu`aetn dn`pha`aetkron kh `keukh ba nrfkeozkdoôe, ae ah dukh sa batkhhke hns prndabo`oaetns y trë`otas `ës o`pnrtketas qua dkbk bapkrtk`aetn baja rakhozkr, snjra tnbn ae hns eovahas nparktovns ba hk astrudturk.

TOTRA@K BA OEINZ@KDOÔE Ah sosta`k ba oeinr`kdoôe pkrk hk kb`oeostrkdoôe dnesosta ae ah bosaûn ba hns dkekhas ba dn`ueodkdoôe  pkrk hns boiaraetas topns ba oeinr`kdoôe raspadtn k tnbks hks kdtovobkbas kdtovobkbas qua sa baskrrnhhke ae uek a`prask. Hks oestruddoneas inr`khas sofuae hk dkbaek ba `kebn, parn hk oeinr`kdoôe baja ihuor `ës k`phok y `ës rëpobk`aeta. Tne tras hns aha`aetns asaedokhas ba tnbn sosta`k ba oeinr`kdoôe3 hk jksa ba bktns, ah ihucn ba rapnrtas y hk dn`ueodkdoôe ba oetkefojhas. Hns sosta`ks ba oeinr`kdoôe utohozke hns prndabo`oaetns ba nparkdoôe ae bns inr`ks3 ;.  Wrnpnrdonekebn oestruddoneas snjra quoïe ha boda k quoïe qua as hn qua baja lkdar. :.  Torvoaebn dn`n `abobk ba hn qua astë pkskebn, pnr aca`phn, `aboketa hns oeinr`as ba trkjkcn qua ihuyae k trkvïs ba hns boiaraetas pksns ae hns prndabo`oaetns. Rk`joïe sarëe poazks ba oeinr`kdoôe o`pnrtketas pkrk vkrons faraetas3 hk sàetasos `aesukh ba euavns pabobns, hk ba a`jkrqua, hk ba axpnrtkdoôe, n ah eó`arn ba a`phakbns kfrafkbns ae hk eô`oek Ntrk o`pnrtketa iuaeta ba bktns sne hns rafostrns dnetkjhas= hk dnetkjohobkb ioekedoark toaea hk njhofkdoôe ba prnpnrdonekr ue rasu`ae bah astkbn ioekedoarn y dnetkjha ba hk a`prask k hk faeta ba iuark ba hk a`prask dn`n3 kddoneostks, jkequarns, vaebabnras, atd.. Toe a`jkrfn, hns rafostrns ioekedoarns tàpodk`aeta sa axpkebae pkrk kdu`uhkr uek roquazk ba bktns ótohas pkrk hk kb`oeostrkdoôe oetarek= ba ladln, ue juae sosta`k dnetkjha dhksoiodk bktns ioekedoarns ae iuedoôe ba hks ueobkbas nrfkeozkdonekhas ba hk a`prask.

ZADQZTNT LQ@KENT Qen ba hns oesu`ns qua tnbk nrfkeozkdoôe raquoara as hk `ken ba njrk= su suparvovaedok bapaeba ba hk dnnparkdoôe dnetoeuk ba ln`jras y `ucaras qua dnevoartae ah rastn ba hns oesu`ns ae prnbudtns n sarvodons, as `ës, snhk`aeta as pnsojha rakhozkr dk`jons astrktïfodns ae uek a`prask so ah aha`aetn lu`ken sa nroaetk lkdok ahhn. Axosta tnbn ue dnecuetn ba badosoneas qua lky qua tn`kr raspadtn kh parsnekh, hns dukhas sne3 ;. 

Tahaddoôe ba parsnekh. Ah tïr`oen ‘sahaddoôe‐ sa utohozk pkrk kjkrdkr tnbks hks pnhàtodks y  prndabo`oaetns qua uek nrfkeozkdoôe  prndabo`oaetns nrfkeozkdoôe puabk taear pkrk rafuhkr hk ahaddoôe ba a`phakbns. a`phakbns. Ae asta saetobn oedhuya en sôhn hk sahaddoôe pkrk dnetrktkdoôe, soen tk`joïe hk sahaddoôe ba a`phakbns pkrk  prn`ndoôe y pkrk baspobn. baspobn. Ah prndasn prndasn ba sahaddoôe sahaddoôe as dnetoe dnetoeun. un.

:. 

Dnetrktkdoôe. Ah a`phakbn obakh en axosta= ksà dn`n hks `ktaroks pro`ks qua dkbk nrfkeozkdoôe raquoara bapaebae ba hn qua hk `os`k vkyk k ahkjnrkr= ksà tk`joïe hk dhksa ba a`phakbns qua dkbk a`prask eadasotk bapaeba ba su astrktafok y ba hk tadenhnfàk qua utohoda.

4. 

Baskrrnhhn y dkpkdotkdoôe. Hk pnhàtodk ba baskrrnhhn ba parsnekh baja dnesobarkr hn sofuoaeta3  

[ua kpraebar as ue prndasn soe ioe y ba frkebas jaeaiodons tketn pkrk ah oebovobun dn`n pkrk hk nrfkeozkdoôe.

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn

Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

 

2. 

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[ua asta kpraebozkca surfa bah basan y bah asiuarzn ba hns oebovobuns. Toe hk dnnparkdoôe kdtovk ba ahhns, hns asiuarzns ba hk nrfkeozkdoôe toaeae pndn o`pkdtn. Kuequa hk `kynr pkrta bah baskrrnhhn y hk dkpkdotkdoôe sak oebovobukh, hk nrfkeozkdoôe cuafk ue pkpah o`pnrtketa fuokebn, nroaetkebn y khaetkebn asa prndasn. Hk pnhàtodk ba baskrrnhhn y dkpkdotkdoôe bah parsnekh baja baioeor hk k`photub y ah frkbn ba kpnyn ba pkrta ba hk a`prask.

. Ah radhutk`oaetn y baskrrnhhn ba parsnekh as sôhn uek pkrta bah dukbrn tntkh= ah ntrn Dn`paeskdoneas hkbn ba hk `neabk as ah ihucn ba dn`paeskdoneas qua bajarëe niradarsa k asns tkhaetns k ioe ba lkdar qua trkjkcae ae y pkrk hk nrfkeozkdoôe qua hns dnetrktô, hn dukh o`phodk qua sa eadasotke suiodoaetas radursns adneô`odns. Qe puastn ktrkdtovn oedhuya tnbn ue dnecuetn ba ikdtnras3 ah trkjkcn ae sà `os`n, hks npnrtueobkbas iuturks, hk safurobkb, ah stktus, ah lnrkron y hks dnebodoneas ba trkjkcn, hks prastkdoneas y ah suahbn. Hk lkjohobkb ba uek a`prask pkrk prnpnrdonekr hk `kynràk ba astns ktrkdtovns bapaeba aspadokh`aeta ba bns dnebodoneas3 hk pro`ark as taear uek sôhobk pnsodoôe adneô`odk= astn as drudokh, yk qua eoefuek pnhàtodk ba parsnekh n rafhk`aetkdoôe fujarek`aetkh puaba sustotuorhk. Hk safurobkb, hks npnrtueobkbas ba drado`oaetn, ntrks prastkdoneas sa puabae hnfrkr snhk`aeta dukebn hk dn`pkûàk lk hnfrkbn sus njcatovns dne ïxotn. Hk safuebk as skjar dnhndkr k su parsnekh ae ah  puastn `ës obakh y prnpodon= k `aens qua sa hnfra uek juaek oetafrkdoôe aetra hns oebovobuns y hns  puastns, hk sotukdoôe as oeastkjha oeastkjha a oesktosikd oesktosikdtnrok. tnrok.

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Wrastkdoneas n jaeaiodons `krfoekhas . Ae ah `ardkbn kdtukh ba `ken ba njrk dkbk nrfkeozkdoôe baja niradar hks prastkdoneas qua sa ntnrfke ae hk oebustrok k hk qua partaeada hk a`prask. Khfueks ba hks prastkdoneas qua enr`kh`aeta sa dnedabae sne3 vkdkdoneas pkfkbks, pkfn ba safurns ba aeiar`abkb, basa`phan, `uarta pra`kturk n vacaz= prnpnrdonekr kdtovobkbas sndokhas y radraktovks frktuotks n k jkcn dnstn. Ah dnstn ba hks prastkdoneas, `ës hk prnpnrdoôe qua hk a`prask toaea qua  pkfkr ae safurobkb safurobkb sndokh, sndokh, k `aeubn axdaba axdaba bah 17% bah suahbn jksa jksa ba hns a`phakbns. a`phakbns.

TOTRA@K BA DN@AZDOKHOSKD DN@AZDOKHOSKDONE ONE Ae asta puetn sa bajarë bastkdkr hk `keark ae qua sa prataeba lkdar hhafkr ah prnbudtn n sarvodon kh dnesu`obnr n usukron. Ba `keark aspadàiodk, sa bajae bastkdkr hks vaetkcks qua sa toaeae snjra hns dkekhas uskbns pnr hk dn`pataedok. Bajarë radnrbkrsa qua ae ah bokfenstodn (Astubon ba @ardkbn) sa lke rakhozkbn aetravostks dne hns dnesu`obnras qua toaebae k obaetoiodkr hks baiodoaedoks ae ah sarvodon y ktaedoôe ba hns dhoaetas. Rk`joïe bajarë saûkhkrsa hks pnhàtodks y astrktafoks ba vaetks qua sa a`phakrke ae hk dn`ardokhozkdoôe. Ba `keark aspadàiodk hks rahktovks k3  

Hns pradons y sus dnebodoneas3 ba `kynran y `aeuban, pradons boiaraedokhas. Ah ntnrfk`oaetn ba drïbotn dn`ardokh3 phkzns, tksks ba oetarïs y tksk ba oetarïs `nrktnron.   Basduaetns y jneoiodkdoneas pnr prnetn pkfn.   Kduarbns axdhusovns dne ah dkekh ba dn`ardokhozkdoôe.   Dnebodoneas ae ah dksn ba ntnrfkr dnedasoneas, hodaedoks y irkequodoks.  

Hk astrktafok dn`ardokh as ah bosaûn ba ue dnecuetn ba kddoneas bah ërak ba dn`ardokhozkdoôe, hks dukhas  par`otae k uek nrfkeozkdoôe nrfkeozkdoôe phks`kr phks`kr sus njcatovns ba vaetks vaetks ba prnbudtns k trkvïs ba hk utohozkdoôe utohozkdoôe ba hk `azdhk dn`ardokh3 pradon, prnbudtn, phkzk n bostrojudoôe y prn`ndoôe. Kuequa axostae `udlns topns ba astrktafoks, sa hks lk dnebaeskbn ae tras topns faeïrodns, qua  prnpnrdoneke ue juae puetn ba pkrtobk pkrtobk pkrk pkrk ah paesk`oaetn paesk`oaetn astrktïfod astrktïfodn3 n3

 

 

 Avkhukdoôe ba Wrnyadtns  Zaeï Khirabn Nvkebn Wktoûn Raxtn Qeovarsotkr Qeovarsotkron on

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Qeovarsobkb Dktôhodk Jnhovokek ‘Tke Wkjhn‐  

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Astrktafok ba dnstns=  astrktafok ae hk dukh hk a`prask sa asiuarzk pnr khdkezkr dnstns `ks jkcns ba prnbuddoôe y ba bostrojudoôe, ba inr`k qua puabk pnear pradons `ks jkcns qua su dn`pataedok y dnesafuor uek khtk duntk ba `ardkbn. Hks a`prasks qua sofuae astk astrktafok eadasotke `aens dkpkdobkb ba `krmatoef.

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Astrktafok ba boiaraedokdoôe= kquà hk a`prask sa dnedaetrk ae khdkezkr raebo`oaetns suparonras ae rahkdoôe dne khfuek o`pnrtketa vaetkck vkhnrkbk pnr ah `ardkbn ae su dnecuetn. Wuaba hudlkr  pnr njtaear khfuek khfuek vaetkck vaetkck dn`patotovk dn`patotovk ae duketn duketn k dkhobkb, dkhobkb, bosaûn, tadenhnfàk, tadenhnfàk, atd., parn as pndn  pnsojha sar sar hàbar ae tnbn.

Astrktafok ba indn=  hk astrktafok baja astkr jkskbk ae uen n `ës saf`aetns dnedratns bah `ardkbn, ae hufkr ba ktaebar k hk tntkhobkb bah `os`n. Hk a`prask sa daetrk ae dnendar hks eadasobkbas ba astns saf`aetns y jusdk sar hàbar ae dnstn n ae khfuek inr`k ba boiaraedokdoôe baetrn bah saf`aetn.