16 Leaving Europe for Hong Kong and Manila

LEAVING EUROPE FOR HONG KONG AND MANILA •

On the Way to the Orient

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Reasons Why Rizal returned to Manila

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Rizal in Manila

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Reunion with Friends in Central Luzon

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Establishment of La Liga Filipina

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Rizal in Fort Santiago

On The Way To The Orient On October 18, 1891, Jose Rizal decided to go home. Jose Ma. Basa secured a first class ticket from Europe to Hong Kong. The steamship went to different stopovers: 

Alexandria – second largest city of Egypt.

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Aden – seaport city in Yemen

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Colombo – largest city of Sri Lanka

Rizal arrived at Hong Kong on November7 20, 1891. A month after his arrival in Hong Kong he was joined by his family to spend Christmas. Jose Rizal also practiced medicine in order to support himself and his family in Hong Kong. 

Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques (Portuguese) introduce his clients to Rizal.

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Dr. Rizal became a well-known medical practitioner in Hong Kong. Among his parents were Portuguese, Chinese, British, and Americans.

Reasons Why Rizal Returned To Manila  Borneo Colonization Project 

It aimed to provide resettlements for the landless Filipinos who were evicted in the Calamba Agrarian Trouble.

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Rizal wanted to call North Borneo as the “New Calamba.”

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He was still in Hong Kong when he conceived thus idea. On March 7, 1892, Rizal decided to materialize his plan to establish a Filipino conlony/community in Sabah.

 To establish the La liga Filipina  To prove theat Eduardo de Lete’s Accusation was wrong

Rizal In Manila • • • • • • •

While Jose Rizal was on aboard the SS Melbourne for Manila, the Spanish authorities were planning to arrest him. Upon his departure in Hong Kong, the Spanish consul-general immediately sent a cablegram to Spanish Governor-General Despujol. “The rat is in the trap.” Five days before his arrival in Manila, the Spanish authorities filed a case against Rizal and his followers. The SpanishGovernor-General lso made sure that Jose Rizal had not acquired German citizenship so as to apply appropriate actions one “who had protection of a strong nation.” Rizal was accompanied by his sister, Lucia, when he arrived in Manila on June 26, 1892 at 12 o’clock noon. He decided to personaly visit Governor-General Despujol n Malacanang Palace only to know that the Governor-Genral was unavailable.

Reunion with Friends in Central Luzon • • • •

On June 27, 1892, at around six o’clock in the evening, Rizal boarded a train in tutuban Station to see his friends in Tarlac, Pampanga, and Bulacan. Rizal was warmly welcomed by his friends in Central Luzon although his visit was abrupt and unexpected. He argued that the Spanish government must provide appropriate reforms for the Philippines. While Rizal was in Central Luzon the Spanish government officials were conducting illegal raids and arbitrary seizure of subversive materials.

Meeting with Despujol •

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On June 29, 1892, he went to the Palace and tried to persuade the Governor-General to lift the penalty (exile) to Calamba residents. Unfortunately, he was not able to convince the Governor-General. On June 30 of the same year, Rizal had the opportunity to discuss his idea on Borneo Colonization Project with Despujol but to no avail.

LA LIGA FILIPINA Beginnings • • •

Jose Rizal launched another reform movement after his return on July 3 1892. It was founded in Doroteo Ongjunco’s house at No. 176 Ilaya St. Tondo, Manila. Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All) – motto of the La Liga Filipina. Reformist who attended the meeting: -Pedro Serrano -Bonifacio Arevalo -Faustino Villaroel -Domingo Franco -Ambrosio Flores -Mariano Crisostomo -Jose A. Ramos -Agustin de la Rosa -Estanislao Legaspi -Ambrosio Salvador -Moises Salvador -Teodoro Plata -Deodato Arellano -Luis Villareal -Andres Bonifacio -Apolinario Mabini -Juan Zulueta

Objectives • • •

To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body. To have a mutual protection for all in every want and necessity. To establish defense against violence and injustice.

Organizational Structure • • •

It was governed by Supreme Council that had a national jurisdiction which was composed of a president, a secretary, a treasurer, and a fiscal. It also had a Provincial Council and a Popular Council. Officers of the Supreme Council o Ambrosio Salvador – President o Deodato Arrellano – Secretary o BonifacioArevalo – Treasurer o Agustin de la Risa – Fiscal

Duties of the Members • • • • • • •

To obey the orders of the Supreme Council. To help in recruiting new members. To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the movement’s authorities. To have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president of his council. To report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the movement. To behave well as befits a good Filipino. To help fellow members in all ways.

Rizal in Fort Santiago • •

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Three days after his last meeting with Governor-General Despujol, Rizal was arrested and detained in Fort Santiago. While he was presenting his proposals for socio-political reforms, Governor-General Despujol presented pamphlets which contained subversive leaflets written by Father Jacinto. o Pobres Frailes Jose Rizal denied the accusation of Despujol that neither he nor Lucia possessed this subversive material. He argued that they were cleared even before they arrives in the Philippines from Hong Kong. He was a victim of arbitray arrest. Rizal was escorted by Ramon Despujol in his prison cell. Rizal described the garrison unit as: o A roo with a decent bed, one table, 12 chairs, a wash basin, and a mirror. o Three windows:  First window – without grill (linked to patio)  Second window – with grill (facing the beach and walls)

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Third window – with grill (facing a door with a padlock)