15preposition

CONTENTS

PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITI ONS and PHRASAL VERBS

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PREPOSITIONS WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS .............................. .................................. 2 ..................................................................... .............................................. .......................... ... 2 1-1 AT, ON, IN .............................................. 1-2 OTHER PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS USED WITH WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS EXPRESSIONS .......... 7

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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE ................................. ................................................. ............................ ............ 11 PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS COMBINATIONS ............................... ............................................... .................... .... 16 .................................................................. ............................ ..... 16 3-1 NOUN + PREPOSITION ........................................... .................................................................... ............................. ...... 19 3-2 PREPOSION + NOUN ............................................. 3-3 PREPOSITION + NOUN + PREPOSITION ........................................ 27 ...............................................................28 ....................28 3-4 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION ........................................... .................................................................. ............................. ...... 29 3-5 VERB + PREPOSITION ........................................... 3-6 VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION ...................................................... 30 ..........................................................31 ...............31 3-7 VERB + NOUN + PREPOSITION ...........................................

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PHRASAL VERBS ................................. .................................................. ................................. .............................. .............. 39 4-1 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "UP" ........................................................... 40 4-2 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "DOWN" .....................................................41 4-3 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OUT" ......................................................... 42 4-4 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OFF" .......................................................... 44 4-5 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "ON" .......................................................... 45 4-6 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "IN" AND "INTO" ..................................... 46 4-7 PHRASAL VERBS WITH OTHER PARTICLES ................................. 47 .................................................................. ............................. ...... 48 4-8 THREE-WORD VERBS ...........................................

EXAMPLES FROM OYS/YDS ................................ ................................................ ................................ ................... ... 52 APPENDIX 1 ................................ ................................................. ................................. ................................ ............................. ............. 54 APPENDIX 2 .......................................... ........................................................... ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 61 APPENDIX 3 .......................................... ........................................................... ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 63

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PREPOSITIONS and PHRASAL VERBS

PREPOSITIONS

İngilizce'de "preposition" çok geniş kapsamlı bir sözcük grubudur. Cümle içindeki başlıca işlevi, cümlenin diğer öğeleri arasında, özellikle de isimler arasında bağlantı kurmaktır. Bir preposition' dan sonra noun, noun, pronoun pronoun,, gerund  gerund  ve noun clause gelebilir gelebilir.. Prepositio Preposition' n' dan sonra sonra gelen isimler yalın haldedir: to Jame James, s, on the the tabl table, e, with with my par parents ents,, etc. etc. Pronou Pronounn ise object pronoun biçiminde kullanılır: to him, on it, with them, etc. She is going to the cinema with the children . (prep. + noun) They are very kind to us. (prep. + pronoun) He is quite interested in reading. (prep. + gerund) I don't approve of what you did. (prep + noun claus e)

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PREPOSITIONS WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS

1-1 AT, AT, ON, IN a) AT Saatlerle at kullanılır. Our classes start at 9 and finish at 12. Yesterday, I left work  at 6 o'clock sharp.

What time ........? ile sorulan sorularda ve bu sorulara verilen kısa yanıtlarda at genellikle kulllanılmaz. - At what time does the meeting start? - At 9 o'clock in the morning. - What time does the meeting start ? - 9 o'clock in the morning

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Zamanda bir nokta belirten ifadelerle at kullanılır. Bu ifadeleri söyle gruplandırabiliriz:

Meal times Festivals Age Other points of time at + time

: at tea time, at lunch time, at dinner time : at Christmas, at Easter  : at 17, at the age of 17 : at dawn, at midday, midday, at midnight, at night, at noon, at the weekend, at the moment, at present, at the beginning of the year, at the end of the month : at that time, at the same time, at this time

We are planning to set off  at dawn. (Şafakta ..... ) Most people were living in great poverty at that time. (O zamanlar .....) He left home at the age of 15. (15 yaşında .....) They are working on a new project at the moment/at present . (Şu anda .... )

At the end ile in the end arasındaki ayrıma dikkat ediniz. In the end,  finally anlamındadır ve kendinden sonra başka bir isim gelmez. At the end ise, bir şeyin sonunda anlamını verir: at the end of  the month, at the end of the week, at the end of the term, etc. He had been out of work for months, but in the end, he found a good job. I will be paid at the end of the month . Then I can pay you back.

Weekend ile British English at, American English on kullanır. We usually go to the cinema at the weekend/on the weekend .

b) ON Günlerle ve tarihlerle on kullanılır. on Monday on Sunday(s) on weekdays

on (one's) birthday on Christmas Day on 12th October

on Monday morning on that date on (one's) wedding day

He plays football on Saturdays . I last saw him on his birthday . This booklet will come out on December the 21st .

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c) IN Daha uzun zaman dilimleri bildiren ifadelerle in kullanılır.

Months : in January Januar y, in December  Years : in 1988, in 1923, in the 1960s Seasons : in (the) summer, in (the) spring Centuries and Ages : in the 20th century, century, in the Middle Ages Others : in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening in the middle of the night Morning, afternoon, evening ifadeleriyle normalde in kullanılır. Ancak bu ifadeleri bir gün ismiyle  birlikte kullandığımızda preposition on dur. She usually does the shopping in the mornings . She usually does the shopping on Monday mornings . The meeting will be held in the evening . The meeting will be held on Friday evening . Aylar ve yıllarla in kullanılır. Ancak bir ifadede günü de belirtiyorsak  belirti yorsak on kullanılır. He was born in 1988. He was born in May. He was born in May, 1988 . He was born on 8th May, 1988 . He was born on 8th May . Birinin yaşını ifade ederken at the age of  kullanılır. Ancak, kişinin yaşını kesin olarak bilmiyorsak, in her/his thirties gibi ifadeler kullanırız. In kullanırız.  In her early thirties (otuzlu yaşların başlarında), in her  mid thirties (otuzbeş yaşlarınd a), in her  late thirties (otuzlu yaşların sonlarınd a) gibi ifadeler tahminimize daha bir kesinlik kazandırır. kazandırır. I don't think she is as old as she looks. She must be in her mid-fifties .

Next, last ve this, zaman zarflarıyla kullanıldığında in, on, at kullanılmaz. They moved to Ankara last year. We are going on holiday next month . We will meet again next Saturday. She stayed in İzmir for two weeks last winter. We haven't decided yet where to go on holiday holida y this summer .

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d) IN + A PERIOD OF TIME  In two days, in a few hours, in three years, in a week, etc. gibi ifadeler gelecekte bir zaman belirtir. Bu ifadeleri in two days' time, in three years' time, in a week's time biçiminde de kullanabiliriz. We are moving into our new apartment in two weeks/in two weeks' time. (İki hafta sonra ...... ) They are going to get married in three months/in three months' time . (Üç ay sonra ...... ) I expect we'll have arrived in the town in an hour/in an hour's time . (Bir saat sonra ..... )

In + a period of time ifadesini, bir işin ne kadar zamanda yapıldığını belirtirken de kullanabiliriz. Bu anlamda in yerine within de kullanılabilir.  Normally,  Normally, in the first grade of Elementary Elementar y school, they teach children to read in (within) two or three months. (...... iki-üç ayda/iki-üç ay içinde .....) He usually does his homework  in (within) an hour . (= Usually it takes him an hour to do his homework.) Most of the students finished the examination in (within) an hour and a half . (= It took them an hour and a half to finish the examination.)

In + a period period of time ifadesi bu anlamda " "apostrophe + time" biçiminde kullanılmaz. Şu iki örneği karşılaştıralım: You will have to eat lunch in (within) half an hour . Yemeğini yarım saatte/yarım saat içinde yemek zorunda kalacaksın. You will have to eat lunch in half an hour/in half an hour's time . Yemeğini yarım saat sonra yemek zorunda kalacaksın.

EXERCISE 1 :

Complete the sentences with at, on, in.

1- You should start to feel the effects of the medicine ............... a day or two. 2- It is hard to entertain the family ............... your birthday and relax ............... the same time. 3- So, I will see you ............... the 5th of November ............... lunch time, and then we will go to the opera ................. the evening.

4- We had a big family meal ............... the day da y when my son got his university universit y degree. Everyone stayed until late ............... night. t han usual ............... Saturday evening, but as soon as I arrive, 5- I may be home a little later than I'll be ready to join you for the play ............... less than a quarter of an hour.

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6- The flag sellers make a lot of money ............... Independence Day. 7- Jake should arrive ............... a few minutes because he has an appointment with a client............... 2.00 p.m. World Baseball Series is broadcast live in the UK ............... the middle of o f the night 8- The World  because of the lime difference. Who would want to watch sport ............... such a late hour?

9- We get a few sunny days around here ............... autumn, but hardly hardl y any ............... winter. 10- The sun is too strong ............... noon, so we will sunbathe later ............... the afternoon. 11- The hiking club meets ............... the second and last Sunday in the month ............... summer  and ............... the first Sunday .............. winter.

12- He is milking the cows ............... the moment, but he should be finished ...............half an hour.

13- They serve breakfast............... 8 a.m. ............... weekdays and ............... 9 a. m................ the weekends.

14- The film 'Autumn Milk' is about a girl who, ............... the age of eight, takes the responsibility of cooking and sewing for her entire family — a responsibility she only gives up ............... her wedding day.

15- More people come to the park ............... Sunday mornings than ............... the afternoons during the week.

16- You won't be the oldest person on the Thai Chi course as some of the participants must be ............... their seventies.

17- The castle at Usk was built............... the 12th century and extended ............... the middle ages.

18- The reduced fares apply to passengers flying out................ a weekday and returning ................ either a Saturday or a Sunday night.

19- I'm afraid we are fully booked ............... that date. It is better to call us well i n advance for  tables ............... Friday evenings.

20- These bats feed ............... night and return to their cave ............... sunrise. 21- Her knee is still troubling her ............... present, but she is hoping to compete in the final............... two weeks' time.

22- We usually go skiing ............... April because there is still lots of snow, but the weather is warmer than .............. winter months.

23- We stayed up all night .......... Midsummer's Day. Day. t here wasn't much to do................the 24- The hotel was lovely and the food was delicious, but there evening or ..............days when it rained.

25- Their songs were popular ............... the 1980s.

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1-2 OTHER PREPOSITIONS USED WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS for ( süreç bildirir) for two days, for a few hours, for centuries, etc.

during (..... sırasında) during the film, during the war, during my stay there, etc. from ...... to/till/until from Monday to Friday from 1980 to 1985 from February to March from 9 to/until/till 6 between ..... and ......  between 1975 and 1980  between 9 and 6  between Monday and Friday

toward(s) (.... e doğru) towards the end of the month towards 7 o'clock  towards midnight throughout (...... boyunca) throughout the year  throughout the day throughout the week 

after

I'll be out of the country for a month on  business. Let's go to the cinema. I haven't seen a good film for ages. He fell asleep during the lesson because it was so boring. They heard a loud noise during the night . The shop is open every Sunday from half   past ten until one o'clock. The Second World War ran from 1939 to 1945. There are no buses between midnight and 5 o'clock in the morning.. Most people take their holidays sometime between May and September.

Towards the end of the of the day, she started to feel very tired. The snowstorm started towards 9 o'clock . If you had studied more throughout the term, you wouldn't be so worried about the exams now. I drink several cups of coffee throughout the day.

After today, our work should get easier. after 1990 after 2 o'clock  after the weekend

If you arrive after ten o'clock , call me

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before

Please bring the books back  before the weekend.  before 1996  before 2 o'clock   before Friday

If you arrive before ten o'clock , you'll be able to get a bus to my house.

since since Monday since 1980 since 5 o'clock 

till/until (not before "....) till/Until Friday till/until 6 o'clock  till/until 1992

I haven't had anything to eat since 8 o'clock  this morning. He's worked there since 1991. The manager will be out of the office until 2 o'clock. We won't be able to pay you until the end of the month.

by (...... at the latest)  by Tuesday  by 5 o'clock   by 1996

Please be at the station by 11:20, the train leaves at 11:25. The delivery should have arrived by Friday.

NOTES : During ile while aynı anlamı ifade edecek şekilde kullanılabilir. Ancak during' den sonra bir  isim, while' den sonra bir clause (subject +ver b) b) gelir. Suddenly, Suddenly, I began to feel unwell during the lesson . Suddenly, Suddenly, I began to feel unwell while I was teaching . I visited lots of places during my stay abroad . I visited lots of places while I was abroad .

Until ve by, Türkçe'ye " ...... e kadar" biçiminde çevrildiği halde farklı anlamlar ifade ederler. Until, eylemin sözü edilen zamana kadar devam ettiğini ve o noktada bittiğini ifade eder. Last night, I studied until midnight . (= Last night I stopped studying at midnight.)

By ise eylemin en geç sözü edilen zamanda gerçekleşecegini ya da sözü edilen zamana kadar  gerçekleşmiş olduğunu ifade eder. Yani Yani eylem, belirtilen zamandan daha önce bitmiş olabilir. l had finished all my work by midnight . (= When midnight came, 1 had no work to do.)

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EXERCISE 2 :

Complete the sentences with during or while.

1- We saw a blue kingfisher .................... our excursion. river. 2- We saw a blue kingfisher .................... we were walking along the river.

3- He didn't say one nice thing to me .................... the whole evening we were in a restaurant together.

4- Our hotel was badly damaged ................... the flood, which caused a great deal of damage to  property in town.

5- I marked a couple of papers .................... the students read the passage. 6- They showed our village .................... the-news broadcast about rural co mmunities. holiday. 7- The terrible earthquake happened .................... they were awa y on holiday.

8- Somebody stole his briefcase .................... he was at the box office buying a ticket.

EXERCISE 3 :

Complete the sentences with until or by.

bu y any Christmas presents .................... the end of November because I don't 1- I'm not going to buy like to start thinking about Christmas too early. the y missed the starters, which had been served at 2- They didn't arrive .................... 8.15, so they 8.00.

3- We must be there .................... 7.45 as the dinner will be served at 8.00 o'clock sharp. 4- If a room has not been taken .................... 5 o'clock, we reduce the price to £20.00. 5- We had four vacant rooms roo ms .................... 5 p.m., when a group of Australian tourists booked in. 6- If the pain hasn't eased .................... the morning, phone me again and I will prescribe some additional medicine.

7- I'm afraid the pain is certain to stay with you .................... the morning. 8- This is quick-drying nail polish, so it should be dry .................... eight, when Peter is coming to collect me.

9- You can buy now and you don't have to pay pa y a penny ................... next January, when your Hire Purchase payments will start.

10- If we haven't received any money .................... the 1st of next month, we will take further  action.

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EXERCISE 4 :

Complete the sentences with the prepositions explained in parts 1-1 and 1-2. In some sentences, more than one answer is possible.

1- After you have been working .................... four hours, you are entitled to a half hour break. 2- We should have a clearer idea about what caused the accident sometime .................... the end of the afternoon. I would guess sometime .................... 4 p.m. and 6 p.m.

3- Our Christmas party is .................... a Friday evening this year. 4- The theatre will be closed .................... two weeks, .................... the first .................... the fifteenth, for refurbishment. an ything .................... 3 p.m., so I thought it was going to be a quiet day, day, but I sold 5- I didn't sell anything quite a few things .................... that.

6- You won't feel any pain .................... the operation and you will be out of bed .................... a couple of days' time.

7- Our flight leaves at 8.30 a.m., so they want us to be in the airport.................... 6.30 a.m., which is the latest time for checking-in.

8- I’ve been directing traffic .................... 10 a.m. this t his morning, so I need a break. 9- You can take the dishwasher home today and you don't have to pay anything .................... after six months; furthermore, our installments install ments are free from interest charges .................... the first six months.

10- I'm coming to town .................... Monday, so we could meet for a coffee after my appointment at the hairdresser's.

11- .................... 1923, when the Republic was founded, ....................... this day da y, Turkey has had 57 governments.

12- They don't normally serve breakfast.................... 10 a.m., so we should meet earlier if we are to have breakfast there.

13- I feel safe walking around Manchester any time .................... the day da y, but I don't like walking around there ..................... night.

14- He was very nervous the week .................... his wedding, but.................... the actual day, he was so happy that he didn't feel nervous at all.

15- I find it strange that you have-been cycling and playing basketball.................... the vacation and just.................... school starts tomorrow, tomorrow, you suddenly have a terrible stomach cramp.

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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE and MOVEMENT

in (... de, ... da, içinde anlamını verir.) verir.)

in a city, in the east of Turkey, in a room, in a park, in the water, in the sea, in a line, in a queue, in a row. in a book, in a newspaper, in the sky, in an armchair, in bed, in the world, in the sun, in the rain, etc.

at (bir nokta ifade eder)

at home, at school, at work (without "the") at the cinema, at the theatre, at the party, party, at the meeting, at the station, at the airport, at the front, at the back, at sea (voyag (vo yage) at the beginning of the street, at the end of the street, etc.

on (üzerinde, yüzeyinde anlamını verir.) verir.)

on the floor, on the wall, on the ceiling, on the chair, on the bed, on the table, on the shelf, on the cover, on page (7), on the front page of the newspaper, on the back page of the newspaper, on an island, on a river, on the ground, on earth, on her face, on my nose, on the West coast of Turkey, etc.

to (yönelme bildirir.)

to work, to school (without "the") to the station, to London, to the airport.

from (bir yerden ayrılma ifade eder.) eder.) into (bir şeyin "içine doğru" hareket bildirir.) out of  (bir yerden "dışarı çıkma" anlamını anla mını verir.)

from work, from school (without "the") from the station, from London, from the airport

walk into the cinema, get into the car, pour  (water) into the glass, etc. come out of the cinema, get out of the car, drink (tea) out of a cup, etc.

round/around (çevresinde, köşede anlamını verir.) verir.)

live round the comer. have a hedge round the garden

beyond (ötede, ilerisinde anlamlarını verir.)

 beyond the river beyond the beach

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by (yanında anlamını verir.) verir.)

 by the sea, by the lake

past (geçince anlamını verir.) verir.)

 past the post office, past the police station

through (bir şeyin içinden geçerek anlamını verir.)

through the tunnel, through customs, through the woods, through the town.

throughout (bütün bir alanı kaplama anlamını anla mını verir.)

throughout the country (= all over the country) throughout the world (= all over the worl d)

across (bir uçtan diğer uca, bir taraftan diğer tarafa anlamını verir.) verir.)

across the river, across the street, across the field, across the path

along (.... boyunca anlamını verir.) verir.)

along the river, along the road, along the corridor, etc.

among (ikiden fazla öğeden oluşan bir grubun içinde)

among the crowd, among the trees, among the people, etc.

between (iki ya da daha fazla öğeden oluşan düzenli  bir grubun arasında anlamını anla mını verir.)

 between you and me  between the teacher and the students a treaty between the European countries, etc.

up (yukan doğru anlamım verir.)

up the hill, up the road, up the wall. etc.

down (aşağı doğru anlamını verir.)

down the hill, down the road, down the river. etc.

above (= higher) (düzey olarak üzerinde, daha yüksekte anlamını verir. Nesneler birbirine değmez.)

above sea level, above the clouds, the people above us, above (the) average, above zero

below (= lower) (düzey olarak altında, daha aşağıda anlamını verir.) verir.) over (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin tam ta m üzerinde olduğunu ifade eder. Bazen iki nesne  birbirine değebilir.) değebilir.) under (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin tam altında

 below the surface of the sea, the people below us, below the clouds,  below (th e) average, below zero  jump over, the wall,a plane flying over the t he town a bridge over the river, over 50 years of age, a plaster over his eye (covering it) under the table, under the bridge, under the bed, under 50 years of age,

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olduğunu ifade eder. Bazen iki nesne  birbirine değebilir.) değebilir.)

under water etc.

against (birşeye dayamak, dayanmak anlamını verir.) verir.)

 put something against the wall, lean against the chair 

opposite (facing) (kar (karşı şısı sınd ndaa anlamı anlamını nı veri verirr.)

the the cinem cinemaa oppo opposi site te our our hous house, e, sit opposite me

in front of  (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin önünde olduğunu belirtir.)

the people in front of us, in front of the cinema in front of the tree, etc.

behind (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin arkasında olduğunu ifade eder.) eder.)

the people behind us, behind the tree, a garden behind the house

beside (= next to) (yanında, yanına anlamlarını verir.) verir.)

sit beside me, the restaurant beside our house

inside (içinde, içeride anlamlarını verir.) verir.)

inside the house, inside the cave, inside the shop, etc.

outside (dışarıda, dışında anlamlarını verir.) verir.)

outside the house, outside the cave, outside the shop, etc.

NOTES : Birinin hala yatakta olduğunu ifade etmek için in bed kullanılır. Ancak yatağın üzerindeki bir nesneyi on (the) bed biçiminde ifade edebiliriz. It's already past 10 o'clock but he is still in bed. Don't put your jeans on my bed. "Denizde olmak, yüzmek..." anlamlarında in the sea, "denizde yolculukta olmak", anlamında ise at sea kullanılır. I like swimming in the sea rather than in a pool. The sailors were bored, because they the y had been at sea for months. "Nehirde yüzmek" anlamında in the river kullanılır. Ancak nehirdeki sandal, gemi, vb. taşıtların durumunu ve bir nehir üzerine kurulmuş yerleşim merkezinin konumunu on the river biçiminde ifade edebiliriz. It is not safe to swim in this river because of the currents. Paris is on the river Seine. There were a few boats on the river .

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front of/behind of/behind ile ifade "Ayr "Ayrıı ayrı iki nesnen nesnenin in birbir birbirler lerini ininn önünde/arkasında olduğunu in front ifade the fron front/ t/at at the the back  back  kullanılır. ederiz ederiz.. Ancak Ancak aynı aynı zemin zemin üzerin üzerinde de önde/arkada derken at the the fron frontt of the the clas classr sroo oom m,  sınıfın Örneğin   sınıfın sınıfın önünde önünde (ön tarafı tarafınd nda) demek demek için için at the arkasında (arka tarafında) demek için ise at the back of the classroom ifadelerini kullanmamız gerekir. We were sitting at the front of the cinema . Some students prefer to sit at the back of the classroom .

Ancak, gazetenin ön sayfasında/ arka sayfasında derken on the front/on the back page of the newspaper; ön sırada/arka sırada derken in the front row/in the back row kullanılır. Go, get, fly, drive gibi fiiller yönelme bildiren preposition "to" ile kullanılır. He is going/flying/driving to Ankara tomorrow. When I got to work, I found everybody in a deep silence.

Arrive fiili, village, town, city, country gibi bir yerleşim merkezine varmak anlamındaysa in ; station, var mak anlamındaysa at ile kullanılır. kullanılır.  school, work, meeting, etc. etc . gibi bir noktaya varmak We arrived in Ankara at dawn. I arrived at my destination rather early. early.

Bu fiiller, home, abroad, here ve there ile kullanıldığında preposition almaz. When will you come here again? I've heard that you're going abroad next week. When I got/arrived/went/came home, I was really tired. Don't forget to call me as soon as you get there.

"Varmak, ulaşmak" anlamında reach fiili preposition almadan al madan kullanılır. When I reached the hotel, I went straight to bed.

EXERCISE 5 :

Complete the sentences with the prepositions of place .

1- The hotel we stayed ............... when we were ............... Cairo was so pleasant that I would have been quite content to stay there and sunbathe ............... the pool for the entire holiday. holiday.

2- The boy scouts sat............. the fire in a circle and sang songs. 3- Although he had far less money then, he was happier .............. university than he is ............... work now. now.

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World Trade Centre ...............New York, York, 4- We went............... 170 floors ........... the lift of the World which is the tallest building ............... the world.

5- I used to enjoy my m y job as a gardener, but I got fed up with working ............... in all kinds of  Weather and decided to get a job in which 1 could work ............... . Valley contains land which is 283 feet................ sea level, making it the lowest dry 6- Death Valley land in the United States of America. 7- Sarah hid ............... a tree so that her friends couldn't see her. 8- Would you like to go ............... me in the queue, as you only have two items? 9- When I arrived ............... the hotel, I went straight............... my room, put my m y suitcase ............... the bed and unpacked. 10- I had to get some steps to stand ............... in order that I could reach the books............... the top shelf. 11- Buldan fabric is well-known for its quality and durability not only in the surrounding area,   but.............. Turkey. 12- During the floods, there was only one bridge ............... the River Severn that was open as all the others were ............... the water. 13- The two newsagents are directly ............... each other, and as it is difficult to cross ............... one side of the road .............. the other at that point, their custom has a lot to do with which side of the road a customer is on. 14- The Alpine train set fire while it was passing ............... a tunnel. The fire spread quickly quickl y ............... the train, destroying most of the carriages and killing most of the tourists who were travelling ............... it. ever y day on my way ............... and ...............work, 15- The problem I have with dieting is that, every I walk ............... a shop which sells Belgium chocolates. 16- The woman who sat.............. me on the coach was so large that she took one and a half  seats up, leaving very little room for me. 17- We had dinner ................ a wonderful restaurant............... the ocean and then we drove to Malaga ............... the coast road, which twists and turns with the magnificent blue ocean on its left. 18- Be careful! Don't lean anything ................ that dividing wall. It's a temporary partition and not very strong. 19- Victoria Falls, one of the world's mightiest waterfalls, is ............... east-central Africa, .............. the Zambezi River, ............... the border ............... Zambia and Zimbabwe. 20- The cabin of the cable car was quite small, but about thirty thirt y holidaymakers clambered ............... it with our skis. Then, squashed together, we travelled ............... the mountain side. Gosh! I was so glad to climb ............... the cabin and ............... the fresh mountain air. 21- Only relatively close stars can be seen with the unaided eye. To see the stars that lie ............. them, we must use devices such as telescopes. 22- Last week, I was so ill that I had to stay ............. bed for three whole days. ver y few people ............... the delegates.............. the 23- I had had previous dealings with very conference?

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24- One of the smallest countries in the world, Maldives is a chain of nearly 1,200 small coral islands ............... the Indian Ocean. Situated southwest of India, the islands extend more than 764 kilometres ............... north .............. south and 130 kilometres ............., an eastwest direction. All of the islands are low-lying — none rises to more than 1.8 metres ............... sea level. 25- Million's of Hindus worship the River Ganges and believe that bathing ............... its water  washes away their sins.

3-

PREPOSITION PREPOSITIO N COMBINATIONS

3-1 NOUN + PREPOSITION a cause of  something The cause of the air crash is believed to be engine failure.

a reason for something Tonight's football match isn't a good reason for not doing your homework.

a cheque for (a sum of money ) After they'd repaired his car, he gave the t he garage a cheque for £ 50.

a demand/a need for something The traffic problems clearly show the need for better roads.

an advantage/a disadvantage of  something there is an advantage/a disadvantage in doing something Clean air is just one of the advantages of living in the country. country. There is an advantage in living in the country; countr y; clean air.

a rise/an increase/a fall/a decrease/a reduction in something There has been a sharp rise in inflation recently, but also a slight decrease in unemployment.

a picture/a photograph of  someone/som someone/somethin ethingg Would you like to see the photographs of my holiday?

a solution to a problem/an answer, to a question/a reply to â letter 

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It seems that no one is able to find a solution to the problems in Bosnia. I haven't had a reply to any of my letters of application yet.

a reaction to something His reaction to my proposal took me completely completel y by surprise.

damage to something The strong winds did a lot of  damage to the crops.

an invitation to a party/a wedding etc. Have you sent David an invitation to the parry yet ?

an attitude to/towards someone/something The Japanese's attitude towards teachers is different from many other nationalities'. nationaliti es'.

a relationship/a connection/contact with someone/something You should try to have a good relationship with your friends. Their names are the same but this company has no connection with the one in Ankara.

a relationship/a connection/contact/a difference between two things Their names are the same but there is no connection between this company and the one in Ankara.

a novel/a painting/a play by someone "Sunflowers" is one of the most famous paintings by Van Gogh.

a fight/struggle for/against something/someone Eğer birşeyi kazanmak, elde etmek için savaşım veriliyorsa "for", birşeye karşı savaşım veriliyorsa "against" kullanılır. In the 1920s British women had a hard fight for the right to vote.  Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa finally resulted in his being elected president.

a noun + to infinitive

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Pek çok isimden sonra "to + infinitive" kullanılır. People, when arrested by the police, have the right to remain silent. When she was very young, her  ability to play the piano was soon noticed.

EXERCISE 6 :

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1- It was quite difficult to plan the party because I didn't get a repl y ............... my invitation from most of the guests until a few days before the event.

2- The bank charges 27 pence for processing a cheque, so we don't like to accept cheques ............... small amounts. photograph ............... my husband and son appeared in the paper last week. 3- A photograph

4- His attitude ............... English teaching is very modern and forward thinking. 5- It will be some time before they establish the cause ............... the train crash. 6- The reason ............... the amount of flooding experienced in Britain this year is unclear, but some scientists argue that it is all part of a process known as global warming.

7- There is a need ............... better flood defences to be built in towns and cities across Britain. 8- The popularity of e-mail has led to a reduction ............... the number of hand-written letters sent.

9- The flood resulted in extensive damage da mage ............... the houses down by the river. 10- The politician spoke for about five minutes, but he didn't provide an answer ............... the interviewer's question.

11- The difference ............... PC World and Tiny Computers is that the former deals with large companies and the latter with small businesses.

12- One disadvantage ............... working the night shift is that I never see my friends during the week.

13- During the Industrial Revolution, the workers' struggle ............... humane working conditions and an end to child labour took quite some time to attain any success.

14- The prize in the raffle is a painting ............... ............... the famous wildlife artist, David David Shepherd. i mportant in this business. 15- Our relationship ............... our customers is very important

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3-2

PREPOSITION + NOUN

a) PHRASES WITH "IN" a) in cash b) in fashion c) in silence d) in ink  e) in particular  f) in danger 

EXERCISE 7:

g) in pain h) in a moment i) in order  j) in tears k) in captivity l) in short

m) in person n) in reality o) in time p) in conclusion q) in pieces r) in error 

Complete each sentence with one of the phrases from the list above. Use each phrase only once.

1- I thank you all for giving me the opportunity of expressing my feelings here, and, ......................... I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed working with you and wish you all success in the future. t o his house insurance that, 2- There are so many exclusions regarding earthquakes to ....................., he is not covered at all in the event of another earthquake. oday, thousands of animals, such as elephants and whales, are ........................ of extinction. 3- Today, 4- I don't mind you borrowing my encyclopedias as long as you put them back in the bookcase ........................ after you've finished with them. 5- I didn't speak to the director ......................... but I left a message with his secretary. 6- Affected by acute shock of the tragedy, tragedy, the friends sat for a while ........................Jenny arrived with a pot of tea and gave everyone a cup still without sa ying a word. 7- One by one, the friends broke down ......................... sobbing deeply over their loss. l ives. 8- Of course, ......................... they will recover from their grief and continue their lives. 9- Be quiet! They are going to announce the lottery numbers ........................ . So we could be millionaires in less than a minute. policies have been unpopular. unpopular. ....................... , their policy 10- Many of the government's new policies towards retired persons and pensions. 11- The bank wrote to him and explained that they had credited a cheque to his account ........................ and that they would rectify this fault by deducting this amount from his next statement. 12- The service at the hospital was so bad that our son was left in the waiting room sitting ........................ for over an hour. hour.

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13- The manager said quite a lot of positive things about how he thought the new branch is  performing, which I don't have time ti me to tell you, but......................... he is very pleased. 14- We prefer to be paid ........................ because the bank charges us a fee for cashing cheques. 15- I don't worry about what sort of clothes are ........................ . I just like to buy comfortable ones. 16- Giant pandas are popular in zoos, but they rarely breed .......................... 17- Don't write the bookings in the hotel diary ........................ until the customer has confirmed confir med his or her booking in writing. Write them in pencil initially. 18- You had better move your antique vase in case the baby knocks it off the table. I would hate to see it........................ after you have looked after it all these years.

EXERCISE 8:

Complete the sentences with one of the phrases from the list below. Use each phrase only once.

a) in trouble b) in advance c) in turn d) in a hurry e) in the suburbs

f) in vain g) in sight h) in common i) in demand  j) in debt

k) in the circumstances 1) in tune m) in public n) in general o) in progress

1- Because of the floods, there were not as many customers in town as usual, but ......................... we did reasonably well. We had a few people in for lunch when we hadn't expected anyone at all.

2- As soon as the boat was ......................... we gathered our possessions and got ready to board the vessel.

3- My flatmate is always alwa ys ........................ . He is always borrowing money from me in order to  pay his bills.

4- There is a couple of small things that I don't like about my new job, but ......................... I am very happy there.

5- Josie's son is always ........................ at school. She has had three letters about his unacceptable  behaviour from the head teacher already this term.

6- Please be quiet outside the main hall this week as examinations are ........................ . 7- Many older areas of Birmingham which used to be ........................ have now been engulfed by the ever expanding city. city.

8- She sings very well for a four year old and, surprisingly, she sang the entire song perfectl y ........................ .

9- Steve supports Manchester United, while Geoff supports Manchester City. Steve voted for the Conservative candidate, while Geoff voted for the Labour candidate. In fact, they have very little ........................ considering that they are best friends.

10- I can't stop and chat as I'm ........................ . I want to get back to my car before I have to pay for another hour's parking.

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11- Due to the progress made in electronic dictation machines, those skilled in stenography or  shorthand note-taking are not so much ........................ as the y once were.

12- For ten years, they searched ........................ for their missing daughter. It appears that they will never know exactly what happened to her. fro m now, now, to secure the booking, we require a five-pound deposit 13- Although it is three weeks from  per person ......................... for Christmas day luncheon.

14- The eminent musician Eubie Blake last performed ......................... to a large audience, in 1982 at the age of 99.

15- When customers enter the bank, they take a number from the machine so that the cashiers can serve everyone .................. .

b) PHRASES WITH "ON" a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)

on average on board on fire on foot on guard on sale on strike on occasions on (that) date

 j) k) 1) m n) o) p) q) r)

on the increase on (one's) own on the phone on the our  on television on a diet on (one's) way on the whole on the outskirts

s) t) u) v) w x) y)

on loan on purpose on holiday on a trip on a tour  on a cruise on an expedition

EXERCISE 9 : Complete the sentences sentences with one of the phrases phrases from the the list above. Use each phrase only once.

1- The owner of the hotel is a qualified chef, but he rarely cooks himself nowadays. However, However, 2345678-

......................... he has been known to help the head chef in the kitchen if the restaurant is exceedingly busy. I have a few recommendations which should improve your presentation, but ......................... I think it is an excellent seminar. We went........................ to Paris for the day da y on the train and saw the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral. She is supposed to be studying for her exams, but whenever I go to her room, she is ........................ chatting to her friends. We bought a music centre that was ........................ because it was a model which had been on display in the shop. During the floods, all the roads into the town centre were closed and it was only possible to reach the centre ........................ using the old iron footbridge across the river. A healthy human heart beats 72 times per minute ........................ . In 1513, ........................ of South American jungles, Vasco Vasco Nunez Balboa became beca me the first European ever to look at the Pacific Ocean from the shores of the New World. World.

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9- The yeoman warders, who are ........................ at the Tower of London to protect its 101112131415161718-

collection of valuables, are familiarly known as beefeaters. The film 'Marvin's Room' is being shown for the first time ........................ on Monday night at 9 p.m. on Channel 4. 150 passengers ........................ an Alpine Alpine train in Kaprun died when the train caught fire inside a tunnel. While we were .......................... our ship anchored at Istanbul, where we visited the Grand Bazaar and Topkapı Palace. Barcelona's centre is a maze of narrow streets and medieval buildings, in contrast to the smart, modem apartment buildings to be found ........................ of the city. I'm afraid the book 'Little House of the Prairie' is ........................ from the library at the moment. Would Would you like to reserve it? I won't see you for a while as I'm ........................ from work next week, which I'm looking forward to. Do you pass a newsagent........................ to work? If you do, would you mind picking me up The Guardian? I don't think that the baby dropped it Instead, I think she threw it to the ground ........................ in order to gain our attention. A: How long have have you been ........................? ........................? B: For three weeks now, but I can't resist eating a little chocolate occasionally, so I don't seem to be losing weight fast. Two Two days after the bombing, we could see the flames from the buildings still ………………

1920- In 1984, the British coal miners went......................... returning to their jobs almost a year 

later. 21- We are fully booked on the 20th November, so we will need some extra staff …………….. .

22- The number of European or American companies building factories in underdeveloped nations is .......................as they take advantage of lower wages. 23- Sherly Crow's opportunity to become a famous fa mous musician came when she was chosen to accompany Michael Jackson ........................ of the world, his Bad World Tour Tour.. 24- Theard the clock in the bedroom playing the tune ........................ . Is it 1 or 2 p.m.?

25- My mother is moving to a block of flats specially designed for elderly people and, although she will still be living ........................ she will have plenty of company and a warden on duty around the clock in case she is taken ill.

ON TIME / IN TIME "On time", "punctual" anlamındadır ve kararlaştırılmış bir saatten sözederken "vaktinde, dakik" anlamını verir. - She never comes to class late. She is always on time. The meeting will start at 2 p.m. and I have to be there on time.

"In time" da Türkçe'ye "vaktinde" biçiminde çevrilir. Ancak Ancak kararlaştırılmış bir saat söz konusu değildir. "Bir işi yapmak için uygun bir vakitte" anlamındadır. anlamındadır. "In time for something/in time to do something" biçiminde de kullanılabilir. kullanılabilir.

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I got home in time for my favourite programme. I got home in time to have dinner with my parents. They are having the house painted for the wedding. I hope the painters finish their job in time. (Umarım boyacılar işlerini vaktinde bitirirler.) Son örnekte, boya işinin bitmesi için kararlaştırılmış bir saat olamaz. Bu nedenle "vaktinde" sözü, konuşmacının kendine göre "uygun bir zamanı" ifade etmektedir. "Just in time" "tam zamanında" anlamını verir. Someone had spilt coke on the chair, but Sue didn't notice it, and was going to sit  just in time to prevent her from sitting on the chair. Fortunately, I warned her  just there. (Onu tam zamanında uyardım...)

EXERCISE 10:

Complete the sentences with in or on.

1- We didn't arrive ............... ti me for the meal, so we missed that, but we did manage to see the entertainment.

2- If the bus arrives ............... time, you will be in town by half past. 3- If we don't finish the job ............... time, that is, on the date agreed in the contract, we have to pay a penalty penalt y to the customer.

4- If we don't finish the job ............... time for the official opening, it will be very embarrassing for the customer. customer.

5- We arrived at the book shop ............... time to see the author and even had a chance to ask  him to sign a copy of his book.

6- They never start these matches ............... time. The match is supposed to start at 3 p.m., but it will probably be ten past before it gets underway.

ON HOLIDAY/FOR A HOLIDAY "Be/go on holiday" ifadesi, eğer "holiday" in önünde the, a, my, your, etc . gibi bir sözcük  varsa "go for a/the/my holiday" biçiminde kullanılır. Let's not talk about business now. We are on holiday. We usually go to Bodrum for our holidays.

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EXERCISE 11:

Complete the sentences with on or for.

1- I wonder where people who live in the Florida Keys go ............... their holidays? holida ys? 2- They stay at their villa ............... most of their summer su mmer holiday. holiday. 3- Are you thinking of going abroad again ............... holiday this year? 4- He takes his caravan to Wales every year ............... his holidays. 5- He was struck by a tropical illness while ............... holiday last year. 6- The Smiths are ............... holiday in Canada at the moment

c) PHRASES WITH "OUT OF' a) b) c) d) e) f)

out of luck  out of order  out of practice out of the question out of danger  out of debt

EXERCISE 12 :

g) h) i)  j) k) 1)

out of reach out of tune out of work  out of sight out of fashion out of place

m) n) o) p) q) i)

out of print out of season out of breath out of control out of date out of doors

Complete the sentences with a phrase from the list above. above. Use each phrase only once.

1- His father lent him some money to pay all the money that he owed, so now he is 23456789-

completely ........................ . Put the chocolates ........................ of the children. If they see them, they will want to eat them all, before dinner. dinner. We wanted two extra tickets to the Christmas party, but we were ....................... as all the tickets had already been sold. The factory where he used to t o work closed down, but he wasn't........................ for long and soon found a new job. Don't you think these modern chairs look a little ........................ among all this antique furniture? Fur coats used to be very popular, but they are ........................ now because a lot of   people see the fur trade as cruel and unnecessary. He found speaking French during his recent holiday holida y quite difficult because, although he took French at university, university, he is ........................ now. I'm sorry, sorry, but my going rock-climbing with you is totally totall y ........................ as I am afraid of heights. His gambling is now ......................... He spends his entire wages gambling ga mbling on horses and football matches or buying lottery tickets.

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10- He likes farming because he loves working ........................ in the fields. 11- It took me quite a while to find the file on the Morrison case because, although the files are supposed to be filed alphabetically, alphabetically, they were completely ........................ . 12- For security reasons, expensive perfumes are placed ........................ on high shelves. If  customers want to purchase one, they need to ask a sales assistant for help. t hese days, experts can even 13- With the modern equipment available in recording studios these make someone who sings completely ........................ sound all right. 14- I wouldn't eat that yoghurt if I were you. Look at the stamp on the lid. It is …………… . 15- I am so unlit that I am ........................ even when I only have to climb up a couple of  flights of stairs. 16- It is much less expensive to go to Bodrum ......................... but the weather is not as nice, of course. 17- This book is now ....................... and the only copy kept at this library is very fragile, so it is kept in our storeroom. You You may look through the book in the reading room,  but we don't let It leave the building. 18- Because of the severe flood warning, the t he houses were evacuated so that the residents were were ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. .

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d) OTHER PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES EXERCISE 13 : at

Complete each phrase below by using one of the following prepositions for

a) …….….. .control b) ………… far  c) ………… first d) ……….... guarantee e) ………… delay

EXERCISE 14 :

from

by

f) ………. least g) ……..... mistake h) ………. last i) ………. fail  j) ……….. the most

under

without

k) …………. the influence 1) ................. time to time m) ……........ length n) ……….… the time being o) ………… no means

Use each of the the phrases phrases above above only once to complete complete the following sentences. sentences.

1- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose output was enormous especially in view of his short life, was ....................... the most productive composer of all time. 2- If you ever turn up for work ........................ of alcohol again, you will be dismissed instantly. instantly. 3- One reason, but ........................ the only reason, that Tony Blair has become so unpopular is that he gave the pensioners such a small rise in their pensions. polic y towards climate change. I'm 4- It has taken the European Union a long time to agree on policy glad they have taken some positive action ........................ . 5- They have disinfected the farm from which the disease originated and destroyed all the livestock. The authorities now claim that the situation is ........................ . 6- We only have seven hundred pounds ........................ to spend during the holiday, though it'll  be better if we don't spend all of it. 7- Julie doesn't work here any more, but she calls in ........................ to see how we are all doing. ver y dependable newspaper seller. seller. She stands on the same comer ........................ 8- She is a very every night of the week. 9- Please could you send a workman to inspect our drains ........................? They need urgent attention. 10- ......................... I thought she was rude, but once I had got used to her direct manner, I grew to like her. 11- He described ..................... how he was captured and tortured by the Japanese during the Second World World War, War, and I felt obliged to listen to him till the end in order not to appear rude. 12- It will cost.......................... one hundred pounds to repair your car and I must warn you that it could be far more than that. 13- Fortunately, Fortunately, my computer was still..........................., so I didn't have to pay anything an ything for the repairs. 14- We'll use an extension lead ......................... although we should have an extra electric socket fitted as soon as possible. 15- I bought the wrong printer cartridge ........................ . The shop refunded my money, though, which was nice.

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EXERCISE 15 :

Complete each phrase phrase below below by using one of of the following prepositions. prepositions.

at

for

a) …….….. . accident b) ………… age c) ………… pressure d) ……….... now on e) ………… instance

EXERCISE 16 :

from

by

f) ………. times g) ……..... any rate h) ………. all means i) ………. doubt  j) ……….. short

under

without

k) …………. the impression 1) ................. warning m) ……........ random n) ……….… a change o) ………… heart

Use each of the the phrases phrases above above only once to complete complete the following sentences. sentences.

1- My son is so nervous at the moment because school is opening tomorrow and he is going to say a thirty-line poem, which he has had to learn .......................... . He is afraid that he may not remember all his lines.

2- I'm sorry. sorry. I've burnt an a n iron mark onto your shirt ......................... 3- The candidates will be the first five names picked ........................ on the opening date of the competition. generally, he finds it an enjoyable 4- Being a chef can be stressful......................... but generally, occupation.

5- The whole house, or......................... the living room and the kitchen need refurbishing. i mprove the results from the school, or else the 6- The teaching staff are ........................ to improve school could be forced to close.

7- There have been a number of people thrown out of the bar for drinking ........................ recently — some of them were not more than fifteen years old.

8- It is ........................ the most stupid proposal he has suggested so far. cal led Judith. 9- Some of her friends call her Judy ......................... although she prefers to be called

10- The bomb exploded ........................ in a busy shopping centre. 11- We usually go fishing on Sunday afternoons, but this week, we decided hire a film on Video ........................ .

12- We should do something towards helping the environment We We could, ..................... take our   bottles and cans to the recycling centre.

13- The newspaper article was written in such a way that, many of their customers were … …................ that the shop would be closed, until after Christmas.

14- Up until now, all car owners have had to pay pa y the same amount of Road Tax, but ......................... owners of small cars will pay a reduced rate.

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stud y the contract at home,........................ ho me,........................ do so. We We can hold the car for you 15- If you prefer to study until tomorrow.

3-3 PREPOSITION + NOUN + PREPOSITION a) b) c) d) e)

on the tip of  in touch with in charge of  in favour of  on good terms with

EXERCISE 17 :

f) g) h) i)  j)

in danger of  on the strength of  in return for  at the age of  for the sake of 

k) l) m) n) o)

on the point of  in love with on behalf of  in the habit of  in common with

Complete the sentences sentences with one of the the phrases phrases from from the the list above. Use each phrase only once.

1- George used to be a long-distance lorry lorr y driver, but now he is the transport manager. He is ....................... seventy drivers and fifty heavy goods vehicles. 2- The German romantic novel 'Effi Briest' by b y Theodore Fontane has a lot ........................ the French romantic novel by Gustave Flaubert, 'Madame Bovary', which was written about the same time. They are both about society marriages of couples who are not well-matched and the disastrous consequences. However, However, there are a few striking differences between the two works. 3- In the novel 'Madame Bovary', the main female character falls ........................ a nobleman and becomes heavily in debt trying to dress elegantly. 4- Eubie Blake was still performing ....................... ninety-nine. 5- The young man was ........................ jumping off the bridge when a police officer persuaded him that bad results in his final examinations didn't mean that his life was no longer worth living. unfortunately, cannot be here because of an illness, I 6- ........................ my husband, who, unfortunately, would like to thank everyone who voted for him to receive this award. 7- The customer's name is right........................ my tongue, but I'll have to look it up in the file. 8- He helps the old lady with her garden ........................ some of the free range eggs laid by her  chickens. 9- Don't alter the menu ....................... one customer's opinion. Nobody has ever asked for  cheese on toast before. 10- The newspapers are constantly alleging that the footballer and the manager argue all the time, but the truth is that they have always alwa ys been ........................ each other. America are ........................ dying out 11- The traditional livestock farming methods of North America and nowadays, with the exception of one or two huge ranches where cattle still graze on open ranges, cowboys are more common on ranches set up for tourists. 12- We decided against electric central heating ........................ gas central heating as we thought the latter would be more economical. 13- As the machine is no longer under guarantee, payment for the new motor is your  responsibility, responsibility, but, ........................ our business relationship and in appreciation of your  custom we will, on this occasion, pay for the new parts only, only, and nothing for the service.

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14- I'm not........................ forbidding my son to go out and play in the evenings, but I have to  punish him for getting into trouble at school. 15- I have been trying to get ....................... Kat all week to tell her about the school reunion, but I think she must be on holiday. holiday.

3-4 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION NOTE: Bu bölümdeki alıştırmaları yapmadan önce, sayfa sa yfa 54’teki Adjective+Prepositlon listesini inceleyiniz. EXERCISE 18 :

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1- Julia is never ashamed ................ her poor upbringing, while her sister, Maggie, doesn't like 23456789101112131415161718192021-

to mention it. Pellagra is a disease caused by eating a diet deficient................ niacin, a "B' complex vitamin. She is committed ................ helping save elephants from extinction and regularly sells raffle r affle tickets in order to raise funds for this cause. In 1894, Alfred Dreyfus, a French army captain of Jewish heritage was sent to the penal colony. colony. Devil's Island, by a French military court, but years later it was proved that he was totally innocent................ the charges made against him. My favourite dessert Is a rolled pancake filled ................ marinated black cherries and cream. The houses in the area are subject ................ subsidence because of the old mining shafts underneath them. I have listed a number of research articles which are relevant................ your essay subjects. I was very sorry ................ disappointing her by not sending the contract in time for the meeting. There appears to be something wrong ................ my Internet connection. He's tired ................ looking after his younger sister after school. We were all very ver y upset................ the damage to our relative's house because of the flood. The receptionist is terrible ............... remembering re membering to give people their messages. Do you think these glasses will be suitable ................ Raki at our dinner party or shall I buy some new ones? Jones has been absent................ the basketball team for three matches because of a knee injury. I was astonished ................. how much he had paid for a meal for f or two people. Eighty pounds would feed my entire family for a fortnight! Few people are aware ................ the changes they can make to their lives which will reduce the impact they have on climate change. The festival of Kwanzaa, a celebration of African descent, is based ................ African harvest celebrations. Pat is afraid ................ using the computer at work. Perhaps she thinks it might explode. I am hoping that my m y husband will be delighted ................ his Christmas present. I know he has wanted some new golf clubs for a long time. The Russian Air Force in World War War II was inferior................ the German Luftwaffe. I wish you had been honest................ me from the start, but at least, you have owned up now to your mistake.

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i n this case. 22- We are all indebted ................ those who fought for justice in 23- In the opera Carman, Don Jose becomes jealous ................ Carman's love of a bullfighter  and, in a rage, he kills her. 24- During the nineteenth century, the question of slavery divided America, and the North and the South became hostile ................ each other. 25- Recently, Recently, my uncle has become keen ...................... motorcycling, but his wife has no interest at all in riding around the countryside on a motorbike.

3-5 VERB + PREPOSITION NOTE: Bu bölümdeki alıştırmaları yapmadan önce, sayfa sa yfa 61'deki Verb+Preposition listesini inceleyiniz. EXERCISE 19 : Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. We can 1- The paintings of the 15th-century Dutch painter Bosch were remarkable for his time. We marvel ................ the fantasy world created in his paintings, which feature weird animals, monsters, witchcraft and demons. office at the moment. Would Would you like to wait..... ......... him in 2- I'm afraid he is out of his office reception? 3- After yet another rail disaster, the director of Railtrak has resigned ................ his post. 4- The newspapers wrote extensively about George Bush's drinking habit, but he has abstained ............... drinking alcohol for the last fourteen years. 5- Otolaryngologists are surgical specialists who operate ................ the ear, nose or throat. 6- At first, I would like you to listen ................ the recording without taking any notes. 7- Poorer pensioners in particular will benefit............... the new fuel rebates. 8- We have applied ................ an alcoholic drinks licence for the cafe. 9- My son didn't want to have his nightly bath, so he was hiding ................ us in the wardrobe. 10- Can you imagine the mess? A lorry carrying live chickens collided ................ a tanker  carrying black treacle. story, died ................ rabies in 1949. 11- Edgar Allan Poe, the inventor of the modem detective story, 12- We are searching ................ a flat that is quite close to the river but on high enough ground not to be affected by flooding. 13- I'm staying behind after class because I want to speak ................ the teacher about our  assignment. 14- I can't think ................. an imaginative but tasty meal to cook for our guests. Do you have any suggestions? 15- Exactly the same number of people voted ................ Greg as voted ................ him in the elections for the chairmanship, chair manship, so a recount was ordered. 16- Despite the recent reforms in South Africa, some white South Africans Africans have persisted ................ resisting integration with other races. 17- Wheat shoots emerge ................ the soil in the spring. 18- He occasionally quarrels ................ his brother, but on the whole, t hey get on extremely well. 19- The Indians are fighting ................ their cultural survival and .............. recognition of their  land rights. 20- Chicken Kiev consists ................ chicken breast stuffed with garlic, butter and coated in bread crumbs. 21- The basic mythology of Rome was borrowed ................ the Greeks, though later Romans also adopted some ................ the Egyptians and some of the religions of Asia Minor and the Middle East as the size of the Roman Empire increased. Societ y. 22- This term, she has decided to participate ................ the German Students' Society 23- If you don't have any duck fat available, you can use beef fat to substitute ................this ingredient.

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24- I'm so furious about the attitude of the insurance assessor that I am definitely going to write................ the insurance company to complain. 25- He retired ................ his employment a little earlier than he had planned due to his wife's illness. 26- It has been so dull lately that I am beginning to long ................ a little sunshine. 27- He apologised ............... the customer .................... the dela y in supplying his timber. 28- This is the sort of disaster that one always expects to happen ................ other people. 29- Compared ................ Mandarin Chinese, Welsh is easy to learn. 30- The pronunciation of the English letter 'p' is difficult for some students to differentiate ................ 'b'.

3-6 VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION NOTE : Bu bölümdeki alıştırmaları yapmadan önce, sayfa sa yfa 63'teki Verb+Object+Preposition listesini inceleyiniz. EXERCISE 20 :

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1- The police officer managed to stop the young student................ committing suicide. 2- They initially charged the man ................ murder, but this was later reduced to manslaughter. 3- The rural landscape in the film reminded me ................ the village where I spent my 456789101112131415161718192021222324-

childhood. I wonder if these floods will discourage people ................ building homes close to the river. river. His best friend warned him ................ getting any deeper into the ocean, but he took no notice, as usual. William Tyndale Tyndale first translated the Bible ................ English around 1525. The middle and lower classes in England can spend more money ................ leisure activities today than they could do in the past. Rudyard Kipling's guardian often punished him ................ misbehaving by forbidding him to read. Lauro Cavazos was the first Hispanic to be appointed ................ a US Cabinet post. She looked so grown-up in her new clothes that I mistook her ................ her elder sister. They burnt down their own village to t o keep the rebels ................ Ending shelter record. I felt a sense of achievement when the director complimented me ................ my sales record. Do we have to involve a solicitor ................ this matter? Can't we settle it between ourselves? I wonder if you would mind helping me ................ my homework. She soon forgave him ................ spending so much ................ the new furniture. She was distinguished ................. the other students in her class by her extraordinary talent in art. The security guard won't let you ................ the building unless you have your official identity card. Being a pop singer, he was assigned ................ the entertainment unit during his military service. In general, people blame the government ................ the poor state of the railways. How many pieces should I cut the t he cake ................? Dwight Elsenhower got married on the same day as the army promoted pro moted him ................ first lieutenant. English has borrowed many words ................. other languages. Fierce fighting and varied political loyalties divided Korea ............... two separate nations after World War II. It is very rude to t o point your finger ................ strangers, Johnny!

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25- The opposition party suspected the ruling party ................ cheating in the elections. 26- The guests thanked the hostess ................. the wonderful meal, and some of them even asked 27282930-

her ............... the recipe of the t he Indian curry. I threw the ball ................ the wicket keeper, but he couldn't catch it. A court in France sentenced Klaus Barbie .................. life imprisonment for the torture and executions of Jews and Trench Resistance fighters. The author dedicated his book ................ his loving wife. He was dismissed ................ the government for incompetence and then he was arrested ................ corruption.

3-7 VERB + NOUN + PREPOSITION

EXERCISE 21:

Match each phrase on the left below with its definition on the right.

1- take part in 2- make sense of  3- play a trick on 4- put pressure on 5- take advantage of  6- pay attention to 7- take pleasure in 8- take charge of  9- keep an eye on 10- have confidence in 11- catch sight of  12- lose count of 

EXERCISE 22

a) see suddenly or for a short time b) benefit when you have the opportunity c) watch or listen carefully d) watch, check from time to time e) enjoy f) understand g) participate in h) urge, force i) believe in someone's ability  j) become responsible for  k) deceive — often for a joke l) forget how many or how much

: Complete the following sentences using the phrases on the left above. Use each only once with the correct form of the verb.

1. He wouldn't have promoted you to head chef if he didn't.............................. you and expect you to improve the reputation of the restaurant.

2. I often .............................. the discount I am offered from my employers and buy clothes from them.

3. She .............................. buying clothes and gifts for her grandchildren. 4. While at university, he .............................. student demonstrations, marching with his fellow students to protest against civil rights abuses.

5. I've been so busy today toda y that I .............................. how much money I've taken and will have to wait until I cash up at the end of the day to find out.

6. When her daughter died, she .............................. her three grandchildren. She was determined that they wouldn't have to go to a children's home.

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7. During my recent trip to Australia, I was hoping to .............................. a koala bear in the wild, but I only saw them in Melbourne Zoo.

8. I am just going to telephone t elephone my brother. Would Would you mind .............................. the soup? I don't think it will boil over.

9. Listen to the recording and .............................. the words Judy uses to describe her holiday. 10. The sales manager ............................... us recently to increase sales of the new model. No one can take any holiday until we have reached this year's target.

11. We .............................. Julie by putting salt In her coffee. .She wasn't amused at all. 12. Can you ............................. the government's new tax laws for company cars? I am looking for someone to explain them to me.

EXERCISE 23: Match each phrase on the left below with its definition on the right. 1- take no notice of  2- make room for  3- have an effect on 4- pay a compliment to 5- take pride in 6- set fire to 7- catch a glimpse of  8- have a look at 9- take one's mind off  10- take care of  11- make a recovery from 12- make contact with

a) influence b) take time to see c) give praise to d) turn one's attention away from e) be proud of  f) get over  g) look after  h) start something burning i) get in touch with  j) see briefly k) allow or prepare space for  l) ignore

EXERCISE 24: Complete the following sentences sentences using the phrases phrases on the left above. Use Use each only once with the correct form of the verb.

1. My mother .............................. the Queen when she visited Stafford in 195 3. She went past very quickly in her carriage.

2. During the Persian Gulf War, War, Iraqi forces .............................. more than 600 Kuwaiti oil wells.

3. Can we .............................. two extra dinner guests this evening as Audrey has her mother  and father-in-law staying with her? We We will fit them t hem round the table, won't we?

4. You had better get a qualified mechanic .............................. it before you buy a second-hand car. iving relatives after the death of her mother, Oksana Baiul 5. Having been left with no lliving ............................ by a skating coach. She later won a gold medal at the 1994 Winter  Olympics.

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6. He was trying .............................. his wife when he remarked that her custard was almost as good as his mother's, but she took it as an insult.

7. .............................. what he says. He is only jealous of your success. 8. I have finally .............................. the man who replaced Mr Smith at Morris & Co. I have an appointment with him on Monday.

9. Although she was struck by a spinal injury that cut short her career, she ..................... this and returned to competitive sport.

10. When painting, he becomes so absorbed in it that it.............................. everything happening in his business.

11. What ever you decide to do as a career, remember to .............................. your work and always To To produce the best possible results.

12. She has recently read the Tao, the sacred text of the Taoists, and it reall y ........................ her. EXERCISE 25:

Choose the correct answer.

1- If we don't get there .......... time, we will have to wait......... the end of the first act to take our seats. A) at/by C) by/after 

B) on/until D) for/before E) in/since

2- Brain cancer cancer treatme treatment nt is complicate complicated d by several several factors that that distingui distinguish sh it ........ ........ the treatment ........ other forms of cancer. A) from/of  C) as/on

B) with/in D) by/from E) for/to

3- American citizens descending ......... African ancestry ancestry make ........ one of the largest racial and ethnic groups in the USA. A) with/out C) from/up

B) in/among D) for/from E) out of/of 

4- Although she had prepared very well......... it, Sandra was anxious………….. making a presentation to the board of directors. A) in/through C) with/for 

B) to/with D) for/about E) over/at

Welfare System provides unemployed people .......... just enough money to live ......... . 5- The Welfare A) through/at

B) for/with

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C) in/about

D) about/from E) with/on

6- I ran all the way ......... the station and missed my train by a hair's breadth. Frustrated and ........ breath, I just looked at the train disappearing out of sight. A) to/out of  C) at/over 

B) for/under  D) about/without E) into/with

7- Evidence of human origins can be traced back .......... least four million years, but the ancestors of modern man, Neanderthals, appeared, sometime .......... 150,000 and 32,000 years ago. A) on/about C) in/after 

B) at/between D) for/until

E) by/with 8- I would like to order something from your catalogue as long as you assure me that it will arrive ......... time .......... Christmas. A) from/until C) in/for 

B) on/from D) between/and E) at/since

9- He has had toothache .......... yesterday, yesterday, but he hasn't taken any medicine.......... it yet. A) before/with B) during/against C) at/about D) until/to E) since/for 

10- After experiencing two floods in two years, she is worried........... living .......... the river. river. A) at/in C) with/along

B) over/on D) about/beside E) from/by

si milar.. Both are derived ........ 11- It is no coincidence that the words citizenship and city are similar the Latin word ........ "city." A) with/as C) through/with E) up/from

B) about/in D) from/for 

12- The area is very popular .......... hikers and cyclists and people who are interested .......... other outdoor activities. A) about/for  C) with/in

B) over/at D) as/to E) to/of 

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13- We are grateful........... your company .......... sending a service engineer so promptly. A) to/for  C) about/in

B) of/with D) with/about E) in/of 

14- He is very fond .......... seafood............ particular shrimps and mussels. A) of/in C) at/for 

B) for/with D) to/about E) out of/at

15- I'm sorry, but we don't have any of that model...........stock .......... the moment. A) on/from C) among/for  E) for/with

B) in/at D) of/in

16- While they were stranded ........... the desert island, they lived ....... seafood and coconuts. A) to/In C) of/with

B) for/for  D) with/to E) on/on

17- I prefer group projects projects to assignments that I carry out ........... my own. I take a lot of  pleasure from producing something ........ part of a team. A) for/with C) on/as

B) to/for  D) with/like E) from/in

18- ......... a population of more than 150 million, Indonesia ranks ......... the world's fifth most populous country. A) Towards/on B) For/in C) From/among D) With/as E) In/above 19- The Great Depression Depression started ......... 24th October, October, 1929, and lasted ........ 1940. A) on/until C) at/for 

B) in/during D) between/and E) from/in

20- Feeling that life was filled ......... pain and sadness, Omar Khayyam wrote poems about escaping the sorrow of life ......... the transitory pleasures of love and wine. A) in/from C) with/through

B) about/with D) of/along

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E) up/for 

21- He was just going .......... the door when you rang. I shouted .......... him, but unfortunately, unfortunately, he didn't hear me. A) into/at C) over/in

B) out of/to D) through/from E) to/over 

22- As she is one of the few people who can translate documents .......... Korean ........... English, she receives a rare skills payment from her employer, employer, which is a Korean electronics firm. A) in/over  C) from/into

B) with/towards D) for/as E) between/and

23- .......... the members of the dance group, some people in the audience were also dressed.......... dressed.......... traditional costumes. A) Among/for  B) Like/in C) In/about D) For/with E) With/from

24- I thanked him .......... all the help, ........... which I wouldn't have been able to finish the project. A) to/through B) on/about C) with/during D) for/without E) about/for 

25- The bus drivers are .......... strike, so I'm afraid, I'll have to go to town .......... foot. A) down/with C) at/for 

B) of/of  D) in/by E) on/on

26- I'm quite good .......... running, .......... but not hills. A) in/over  C) at/up

B) of/down D) with/to E) for/round

27- In general, the world is no better fed today than decades ago because the world's population is growing .......... an alarming rate, and agriculture has just barely kept up .......... it. A) with/in C) at/with

B) in/to D) of/from E) for/on

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28- Despite overproduction in some nations, perhaps one ........ every six persons ......... the world is undernourished. undernourished. A) from/into C) among/on

B) out of/throughout D) through/among E) towards/around

w orld's population may be suffering 29- Some studies show that as much as half ......... the world's ........ malnutrition or starvation. A) around/of  C) on/about

B) in/with D) of/from E) from/for 

30- There was a really sad film on television this evening and both my sister and I were ........ tears ........ the end. A) in/by C) from/at

B) with/before D) to/after 

E) at/until 31- ....... the mountainous areas of northern Greece, there are crosses ....... the roads to mark  the places where people have died in car accidents. A) Throughout/along B) Between/under  C) Among/in D) Towards/beneath E) Around/over 

32- Myths developed slowly as an oral tradition that was handed down from generation to generation among people who were trying to make sense ........ the w orld........ them. A) in/towards C) for/along

B) of/around D) with/among E) from/beyond

33- They moved to a safer area .......... .......... the sake .......... the children's security. security. A) from/with C) over/at

B) about/for  D) for/of  E) with/to

34- As he knew it was impossible to escape .......... the prison, he could only dream ........ freedom. A) for/on B) with/during C) from/about D) about/over  E) around/in

35- The horse riders galloped ........... the forest .......... dawn. A) beyond/over  B) for/about C) about/round D) with/until E) through/at

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36- Australia enjoys one of the world's highest standards ......... living, ranking sixteenth ......... the industrialised nations. A) for/with C) towards/in

B) from/about D) in/between E) of/among

l ife, but he has never been ......... work .......... more 37- He has done some awful jobs in his life, than a week. A) out of/for  C) over/of 

B) without/as D) from/in E) with/until

38- For a long time, she was .......... pain because of a neck injury, and she took so many painkillers that she became addicted .......... them. A) from/towards B) with/for  C) in/to D) about/with E) through/of  weather, why don't you go .......... holiday 39- Instead of complaining .......... the awful British weather, somewhere warmer? A) of/for  C) with/to

B) about/on D) over/of  E) for/with

40- There's no point.......... opening on Sundays unless they insist........ everyone in the shopping centre participating. A) for/to C) of/until

B) with/from D) in/on E) about/for 

41- Smith and Jones's Superstores are known ........... selling quality products ...........reasonable ...........reasonable prices. A) of/until C) about/on

B) as/down D) with/for  E) for/at

her, he deeply 42- When he realised just how lonely and difficult life would be ......... her, regretted getting divorced ........ his wife. A) without/from B) about/to C) for/of  D) with/for  E) from/with

43- Her sofa was covered ......... a very attractive material. I wonder where I could find something similar ......... it.

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A) in/with C) for/into

B) among/of  D) with/to E) from/on

44- I'm very impressed ............ his knowledge of the subject, although I am not sure .......... his commitment to this research. A) about/for  C) with/about

B) for/of  D) to/from E) at/in

45- Many beetles are capable ......... producing light and sound, primarily ......... the purposes of attracting a mate or frightening enemies. A) in/about C) with/in

B) of/for  D) for/with E) at/out of 

4-PHRASAL VERBS Phrasal verb, bir fiil köküyle bir preposition'dan oluşur ve türediği fiil kökünden farklı bir anlam taşır. Örneğin " take" fiili "almak , götürmek " anlamındadır. Ancak "take off', "uçağın havalanması" ya da "bir giysiyi çıkarmak " anlamlarını veren a yn bir sözcük durumundadır. durumundadır. Parents should bring up their children properly, (raise) Do you think this blouse will go with my checked skirt? (match/suit)

Prepositional verb de "verb+preposition" biçiminde oluşur. oluşur. Ancak, preposition eklendiği zaman fiilin anlamı değişmez. Preposition'ın buradaki görevi yönelme bildirmek ya da fiilden nesneye geçişi sağlamaktır. She is waiting for her boyfriend. He listened to the news very carefully. carefully.

Prepositional verb'lerde, fiil ile preposition'ın araşma nesne giremez. Ancak, briefly, angrily, suspiciously, etc. gibi durum bildiren zarflar girebilir. I looked at the timetable. I looked briefly at the timetable. I looked at the timetable briefly. briefly.

OR 

Phrasal verb'leri geçişli (transitive) ve geçişsiz (intransitive) olarak iki grupta inceleyebiliriz. Geçişli fiillerin bir bölümünde nesne iki şekilde yer alabilir: verb+preposition+object ya da verb+object+preposition. The expedition set off at dawn to reach the area before it got too hot. (intransitiv e) By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off . (intransitive) She turned off the television, (transitive) She turned the television off . They turned down my offer. (transitive)

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They turned my offer down. Bazı phrasal verb'lerde ise fiil köküyle preposition birbirinden ayrılamaz. He got over his illness remarkably quickly. I came across an old friend the other day. Araya nesne alabilen phrasal verb'lerde nesne me, it, them, you, etc. gibi bir pronoun ise, bu nesne  preposition'dan sonra kullanılamaz. Mutlaka fiil ile preposition'ın arasında yer almalıdır. She turned It off . They turned it down. I'll think them over. Ancak, bölünemeyen phrasal verb'lerde, nesne bir pronoun da olsa, yeri değişmez. Yine Yine  preposition'dan sonra gelir. He got over It remarkably quickly. quickly. I came across him the other day in a cafe.

4-1 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "UP 1 blowup bring up cheer up get up give up grow up hold up look up

EXERCISE 26:

= = = = = = = =

inflate explode raise a child make happier arise from a bed stop become an adult dela y search for information

make up = invent pickup = go to get someone = take in one's hand set up = establish show up = appear, be seen take up = adopt as a pastime = occupy space/time turn up = increase volume = arrive

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

1- Woody Alien won an award for his film, but he didn't .......................... at the award ceremony 2345678-

to claim it. Aunt Lily has been much happier since she .......................... American line dancing. Would you mind if I .......................... the radio so that I can hear the football results? The taxi is going to ................. us .................. at 7.30 p.m. this evening to take us to the theatre. We .......................... lots of balloons for Sarah's birthday birthda y, party part y. Going out with her friends helped her .......................... after her exams. It is important for children to have positive role models while they .......................... . There were no delays coming co ming back from Sydney to London, but we were .......................... in the traffic around Heathrow airport.

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9- After the death of her husband, she .......................... her five children on her own. 10- I had better go to bed early tonight as I have to .......................... at 5 a.m. tomorrow. 11- I'm putting on too much weight at the moment. I will have to .......................... eating between 12131415161718-

meals. The celebrities .......................... a charity to provide a telephone answer service for children in distress. I tried to .......................... Sri Lanka in my encyclopedia, but it is so old that it lists Sri Lanka as Ceylon. Its previous name. Yesterday morning Michael overslept, but he .......................... an elaborate story as an excuse to his manager and, surprisingly, he was believed. The commander ordered his soldiers to .............................. the bridge in order to stop the enemy troops from crossing the river. If my mother sees a penny on the floor, she always ................. it.................. as she believes that it is good luck. Simon told us not to wear formal clothes for the party and then he .......................... wearing a dinner jacket and black tie. We expect the basic training to .......................... about three hours.

4-2 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "DOWN"   break down = fail to work    bring down = cause to fall, lower  close down = stop all work, cease trading cut down = do something less often get get dow down = cause ause depre epresssio sion, make ake unh unhappy appy knock someone down = strike to the ground or floor  knock something down = demolish

EXERCISE 27:

lay down = establish rules let down = disappoint, not keep a promise  pour down down = come down heavily heavily (of rain) settle down = live a quiet, routine life slow down down = go less fast fast turn down = decrease volume = refuse

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

1- There is nothing else I can do. I feel sorry sorr y for her, but she .......................... my offer of help. 2- When we decided to go out for a walk, it was brilliant sunshine, but now we are ready to leave the house, it .......................... with rain.

3- I'm afraid I will have to write you a receipt, Madam, because our computer system .......................... .

4- He didn't want to .......................... his little daughter, so he tried every toy shop in the city trying to find a 'barbie stables', but he couldn't find one.

5- The results of the US elections .................. the value of the Euro ................ . It lost a significant amount of its value against the dollar.

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6- As a result of the loss of popularity which knitting has suffered, the knitting needle factory.......................... at the end of the year.

7- We want to .......................... on the number of trips we make into town, so we are trying tr ying to get into the habit of shopping for groceries just once, a week.

8- Since he took over, the new owner .......................... some new rules about staff holida ys. Town Football Club want to ......................... their old stadium and build a new 9- Shrewsbury Town one outside the town.

10- While the police were chasing a speeding car, they ......................... a little girl. 11- If you ........................ and took a little more time typing t yping your essay, essay, you would probably make fewer mistakes.

12- I wish they would .......................... the speaker on the tram into Birmingham. It's so loud that it gets on my nerves.

13- Living and working alone is beginning to .................. Michelle .................. . She will have to make an effort to make new friends.

14- John Grisham moved very often throughout his youth, but eventually, eventually, he .......................... in Mississippi.

4-3 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OUT"  bre  break ak out out = ap appear ear, sta start rt sudd sudden enly ly (especiall y a war, fire, disease or rioting! bring out = publish = int intro rodu duce ce a new new prod produc uctt carry out = perform or complete a task

make ake out out = man manag agee to to see see or hea hearr wit withh dif diffi ficu cult ltyy = try to understand pass out = lose consciousness pick out = select poin pointt out out = cal calll att atten enti tion on to put out = extinguish run out = be all used up

come out = appear, bloom

set out = begin a journey

cross out = delete, erase

sort out = separate into categories

find out

stand ou out = be vi visible, mo more im important

= di discover in information

hand out = distribute

wear someone out = exhaust tire out

keep out = not enter

wear something out = cause to become old, useless

leave out = not include

work out = plan, decide

let out

= release

= calculate (in AmE = figure out)

look look out out = tak takee car caree , be care carefu full

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EXERCISE 28:

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

catalogue listing all the books they 1- The publishing company has recently .......................... a catalogue sell.

2- The owners of the new Turkish restaurant.......................... restaurant.......................... two thousand leaflets advertising their new business. World War  War  3- The influenza epidemic which ............................ in 1918, coming on the heels of World I, killed more than 20 million people worldwide.

4- So many people were shopping in panic during the fuel shortage that basic food items like milk, bread, sugar, etc. .......................... at the supermarkets.

5- Several colleagues and I have been asked to .......................... an evaluation of the new  procedures. The project will probably take us about a week.

6- What she said was so obscure that I couldn't........................... what she really meant. 7- Could you .........................the cutlery drawer? Knives should go in the left-hand section, forks in the right-hand section and spoons in the centre. Recently, British Telecom .......................... a mobile telephone which can connect to the 8- Recently, Internet.

9- I feel so tired! Chasing the children around all day ................ me .................. . 10- Because of the dense fog, I could just.......................... the number of the bus approaching. 1111- She was the only woman on the committee and, particularly as she was wearing a red suit, she .......................... from the others, who were dressed in grey gre y suits.

12- When Christopher Columbus ......................... on his famous voyage, he was looking for a new route from Europe to Asia. essa y. I have added a couple of points and .......................... some which 13- I have rewritten my essay I thought were irrelevant.

14- I've used this rucksack so much that I .............. the straps .................. . 15- Boston is so beautiful when the cherry blossom .......................... . 16- When you are hiking in the mountains of New Jersey, you should .......................... for black   bears. If you see one, stay calm and don't run.

17- As we were driving to the historical site, our guide ............................ several smaller ruins along the way.

18- Yesterday I.......................... and ordered a great present for Irene from the Smith's gift catalogue.

19- If you can ......................... the quantities of ingredients we need for the meal we are going to cook for our dinner guests, I will buy them on my-way home.

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infor mation 20- Once we .......................... the best way to resolve the situation with the information available, we will write a plan.

21- If you can .......................... from his secretary when Dr Smith is available next week, I will ring back later to arrange an appointment.

22- The fire had spread to the neighbouring house before the fire brigade managed to .................it...................... .................it...................... .

23- The American government goes to extreme measures, such as razor wire and guard dogs, to .......................... illegal immigrants. i f we .......................... this section clearly in pen and initial our  24- Would you sign the contract if alteration?

25- She was so shocked to see her son back from the war that she .......................... . 26- The Halfway House is a residence for people who .......................... of prisons, mental hospitals and drug rehabilitation centres, but who are not ready to fully integrate with society.

4-4 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OFF" call off drop drop off off get get off off go off

= = = = = put off off = = see see off off =

cancel leave leave a passen passenger ger somewh somewhere ere leav leavee a bus. bus. trai train, n, etc. etc. explode go bad postpone distr istrac act, t, dis dissuad suadee say good goodby byee to some someon onee goin goingg on a journey

EXERCISE 29:

set off = begin a journey show off = do things trying to impress people take off = remove (clothing) = leave the ground turn off = stop a machine, light

Complete the sentences sentences with the correct correct phrasal phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

1- The swan flapped its powerful wings and .......................... into the air. nois y, 2- You can keep the photocopier on during working hours, but if you find it too noisy  just............... it.................. .

3- The lesson was .......................... due to the teacher's illness. 4- I can .................. you .................... at the Town Hall, which is within walking distance from the station, if that would help you.

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5- The train we were travelling on had a mechanical failure, so we had to .......................... it and wait for a replacement to be sent.

6- If your cruise liner weren't leaving at 5 a.m., 1 would come to the harbour to ................... you .................. . to morrow? I thought the points to be 7- Do you know why today's meeting .................... until tomorrow? discussed were urgent.

8- The recent floods .................. people .................. buying homes close t o the river. 9- He can’t really afford to eat at the best restaurants. He .......................... tonight to impress his girlfriend.

10- It is always better to wear a few layers of clothing than just one. After all, you can always ................. a layer .................. if you get too hot.

11- Chris's son ......................three days ago for India, so he is probably lying on a beach by the Indian Ocean by now.

12- Modem technology has allowed us to estimate the date on which food, such as yoghurt and milk,......................... This date is usually indicated on the packet of pre-packed food.

13- The hero of the 'Bond' movies usually escapes seconds before a bomb......................

4-5 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "ON" carry on count on

= continue = rely on

get on hold on

= enter a public vehicle = wait

live on

= have (money or food) for  survival

EXERCISE 30:

put on

= get dressed = increase (especially in weight)

switch/turn on = start electrical equipment try on

= put or clothing to see if it fits

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

1- I .......................... the wrong train this morning and went to Cardiff by mistake. 2- When buying a suit or a dress, you should .................... it.................... first to make sure that it fits well.

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3- I filled the coffee machine with water and ground coffee but forgot to .................. it .................. .

4- While I am out of the room, you can .......................... with the exercises on page 17 6. 5- You can .......................... lan to do a professional job at a reasonable price. 6- The boss asked him to clear all the rubbish from the back of the restaurant. Before starting the job, he .......................... some old trousers and some so me gloves.

7- If you can .......................... a few minutes, I will be ready to leave with you. 8- I have spent too much money so far this month, and now I only have twenty pounds to .......................... until I get paid.

9- She fasted all through Ramadan, expecting to lose weight, but she actually .......................... two kilos.

4-6 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "IN" AND "INTO"   break break in/int in/intoo check check in flood flood in get in/int in/intoo hand hand in   join join in

EXERCISE 31:

= = = = =

enter enter by force force regist register er at an airpor airportt or hotel hotel come in large large number numberss enter enter a car or a taxi taxi give give somethi something ng to someon someonee in authority = take take part part in an activity activity

  bump/run into = = look look into into = take in = = =

meet by chance crash inve invest stig igat atee make smaller   und unders erstand tand deceive

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

1- After the border between East and a nd West West Germany was opened, people .......................... from the East to the West in large numbers.

2- My dress for the graduation ball was so long and frilly that it took me about five minutes to .......................... the taxi.

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e ssays to be .......................... on time unless you have arranged an 3- I will expect your essays extension with me already.

4- The problem with living and working in the same village is that every time I walk down the street, I .......................... someone I know. know.

5- When he returned to his car, he found that someone .......................... it arid stolen the radio. 6- When I reversed my car out of my driveway this morning, I ...............I.......... the rubbish  bin, which the rubbish collectors had foolishly left at the end of our driveway.

7- The government has promised to .......................... the reasons behind the recent flooding and then start to do what is necessary to prevent another one.

8- As soon as we ............................... at the hotel, we went to our room, put on our swimming costumes and dashed to the pool.

9- The bride lost a little weight the week before her wedding and had to have her wedding dress ......................... a little at the waist.

10- The staff at the music school were completely .......................... by the man who had  pretended to be the mayor and borrowed one thousand dollars from the school.

11- Mark is so boring. He never wants to .......................... any of our games. 12- We did too much grammar today. today. I found it far too much to .......................... all of it in one lesson.

4-7 PHRASAL VERBS WITH OTHER PARTICLES come across come round cut across do over get away get back get over go over/t over/thro hrough ugh go with

EXERCISE 32:

= = = = = = = = = =

find or meet by chance vi visit regain consciousness take a short cut do d o again leave, escape regain possession recover recover from examin examinee match, suit

look after pass away put aside put away put through take after take over think over throw away

= = = = = = = = =

take care of  die save (especially money) tidy, store connect re resemble take control of   consider consider carefully carefully discard, get rid of 

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb from the list above. Use each meaning only once with the correct form of the verb.

1- Ray asked his mother not to .......................... any egg boxes as he wanted to use them in a model he was making.

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ti me. 2- Before he opened his second hotel, he ................... it ................... for a long time. 3- The telephone operator couldn't..................... me .................... to his room because of a fault with their switchboard, so I left a message with the receptionist. wa y around Church Road to t o get to t o the bridge. You You can 4- You don't have to walk all the way .......................... the school playing fields. It takes half the time and is a public footpath. 5- She .......................... her grandson every Wednesday afternoon, when her daughter goes to art school. 6- I only ever lent something to Sonia once and I never ..................... it...................... 7- The Chinese .......................... Tibet in 1956 and have controlled the country ever since. peacefully in his or her sleep at a ripe old age. 8- Everybody hopes to .......................... peacefully 9- I was raking the leaves off the lawn when I .......................... your gold chain. I don't know why we couldn't find it yesterday afternoon when we searched for it all around there. 10- The more money you .......................... now from your monthly wages, the better retirement you will have. 11- I made a presentation to the sales manager and to the marketing manager, but now the managing director wants to see it, so I will have to .................... it ................... . 12- Do you think this blue handbag .......................... my navy blue shoes? 13- Don't leave the classroom until you .......................... all the materials you have been using. 14- A: I'm worried about handing the report in. Could you read it and. let me know your opinion of it? B: If you have time, ti me, we can .......................... it together. 15- Do you want to .......................... on Saturday and watch the match live on our wide-screen television? 16- She stayed by his hospital bed day and night so that the first thing he would see when he.......................was he.......................was her face. 17- It is going to take at least three weeks for you to .......................... your illness. 18- I wanted to .......................... from work early today toda y and three customers came just as I was leaving, so I actually left later than usual. 19- William looks so much like Princess Diana. He reall y .......................... her.

4-8 THREE - WORD VERBS catc catch/ h/ke keep ep up with with come up against come up with cut down on get on with get out of go down with go in for grow out of look down on look forward to make up for put up with run out of

EXERCISE 33:

= reac reachh the the same same posi positio tionn or leve levell = be faced with = produce = reduce = work, live in a sociable way = leave a car or taxi = avoi avoidd wor workk on on an an unp unple leas asan antt act activ ivit ityy = become ill = enter an exam/competition = get too big for   = consider someone inferior   = anticipate with pleasure = compensate for   = tolerate = finish a supply of something

Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb + preposition combination. Use each only once with the correct form for m of the verb.

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1- Cliff isn't liked at all in the company because he .......................... people who haven't got a university education. 2- We are ahead in sales for the company at the moment, but the Bradford branch .......................... our turnover quickly, so we shouldn't get complacent. 3- The shops .......................... a lot of things during the t he war and, although the pubs were open, they didn't always have beer. 4- Her older sister persuaded her to .......................... the beauty contest.

5- I .......................... my friend's wedding next Saturday. I am going to be a bridesmaid for the first time, which is quite exciting. 6- You ought to .......................... the number of hours you spend in front of the television. Do you know how many hours you waste watching those t hose stupid game shows? 7- I won't.......................... your cleaning motorcycle spare pans in the kitchen sink any longer.

8- If they win this match, they will go through to the second round in which they .......................... some teams which are hard to beat. 9- When Sarah called off her engagement to t o Alistair, Alistair, he .......................... an elaborate plan to win her back. 10- The holiday company sent the family a one-hundred-pound holiday voucher to .......................... the inconvenience they had suffered while on holiday in Spain. bic ycle. We We need to buy bu y her a full-size adult one now. now. 11- I think Lucy .......................... that bicycle.

12- Half the employees in our office ........................:. the flu, so the rest of us are really stressed. 13- He offered to drive his mother to the supermarket in order to .......................... helping his father pick up the leaves in the garden. 14- He would feel less isolated if i f he ......................:... the other members of the team better.

15- It was such a high class restaurant that the doorman opened the car door for her and helped her to .......................... the limousine.

EXERCISE 34:

Choose the correct answer. answer.

1- No sooner had we .......... than the pilot announced that we would have to keep our seat belts fastened for the entire flight as a lot of air turbulence was expected. A) set up B) taken off  C) broken into D) sorted out E) poured down

2- For fifteen years, she .......... her husband's brutality, but when he was violent towards their daughter, she left him. A) put up with B) came up with C) ran out of  D) got out of  E) went in for 

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3- When the last shop in the village ........... the villagers had no choice but to travel fifteen miles to the nearest town for then- groceries. A) got over  B) took in C) closed down D) cut across E) pointed out

4- If you .......... the church yard, you can get to the Post Office in about ten minutes from here. A) cut across C) get in

B) get over  D) show up E) hold up

5- Delivering all the leaflets and putting up the posters about our meeting has .......... me ....... A) brought/up B) worn/out C) sorted/out D) taken/in E) called/off  6- He tried tried to .......... .......... his sons sons to to be honest honest and trustworth trustworthy. y. A) work out C) see off 

B) bring up D) try on E) look after 

7- A trip to the theatre or cinema with friends can .......... you .......... if you are depressed. A) blow/out B) see/off  C) bring/down D) cheer/up E) check/in

8- Everyone says she .......... Sonia, but I think she looks more like her father with each day. A) carries on B) brings out C) takes after  D) looks for  E) gets off 

9- Our English teacher read out the dictation exercise so quickly that I couldn't ......... it. A) look forward to B) come up with C) grow out of  D) run out of  E) catch up with

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10- We came to Spain for the the nice weather, weather, but since we arrived at our hotel two days ago, it has been ........... A) doing over  B) carrying out C) taking in D) checking in E) pouring down 1111- I need a hat hat for my daughter's wedding, wedding, but I'm finding it difficult difficult to find one one that ........... ray suit. A) puts on C) goes with

B) tries on D) takes after  E) wears out

12- When the council decided to pull down the cattle market, they .......... fierce opposition from farmers. A) looked down on B) came up against C) came up with D) went down with E) cut down on

13- Aunt Alice and Uncle Fred have made a lot of money and now they are avoiding their old friends because they ........ them. A) come up with B) go down with C) get on with D) look down on E) come up against

14- The first boxing rules were .......... in 1745 and referred to bare knuckle fights. A) tried on B) looked alter  C) bumped into D) pulled down E) laid down

15- Tony Blair .......... the leadership of the British government on May 1, 1997. A) saw off  C) got up

B) took in D) took over  E) brought up

16- Sarah is not sure whether whether to .......... teaching or change her job completely. completely. A) carry on C) leave out

B) switch off  D) set up E) make up

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EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS / YDS w hich, unfortunately, unfortunately, is exactly 17- By using this map so much, we ........ it ........ in the folds, which, the part we really need now. A) have turned/off  B) have worn/out C) have seen/off  D) have left/out E) have looked/up

18- Between 1685 and 1823, Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries .......... 62 missions in America. A) let down C) passed out E) took in

B) set up D) sorted out

19- The missions were not very successful because many Native Americans …….. European diseases, such as smallpox and measles. A) went down with B) came up with C) cut down on D) grew out of  E) got out of  20- He is forty-two, but but he goes out every night night of the week, travels extensively on on business and goes hiking or skiing in the mountains whenever he can. I don't think he will ever ......... . A) grow up B) cut across C) look after  D) settle down E) get over 

1- As I don't know any French, I couldn't

4- They blew ......... the tunnel just as the

understand what he was talking ...... . A) off  B) to C) about D) by  by E) from (ÖYS 1988) 2- The surgeon who is going to operate ............. my grandfather is one of the best. A) in B) about C) on D) of  E)at (ÖYS 1988) 3- If you you don't don't hurr hurryy up, the boat boat will sail sail ...... us . A) off  B) without C) instead D) through E) from (ÖYS 1989)

enemy was about to pass ..... it. A) off/for  B) down/over  C) in/away D) above/outside E) up/through (ÖYS 1989) 5- Clara looked up ..... him ..... wonder wonder in in her her eyes. A) to/by B) at/with C) upon/in D) for/on E) after/through (ÖYS 1990) 6- Since the new technician is not very familiar ....... the machine, he is not good ...... using it. A) on/to B) to/with C) or/for  D) from/in E) with/at (ÖVS 1990)

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7- My daug daughte hterr is not a bit bit like like me. me. She She seems to ............ her father. father. A) look on B) take after  C) put out D) look after  E) set out (ÖYS 1992) 8- One of the important effects ....... the traffic ....... the environment is air pollution. A) in/of  B) at/in C) for/at D) on/for  E) of/on (ÖYS1992) 9- The Yorkshire Chemicals Company has recently been .......... by a rival firm. A) taken over  B) cut down C) kept away D) settled down E) crossed out (ÖYS 1993) 10- Mr. Mr. Brooks said he would he hack in the the office ........... 4 o'clock. A) since B) for  C) until D) by E) during (ÖYS 1993) 11- Industrial development partly depends ................... an efficient transport system. A) for  B)of  C) to D) in E) upon (ÖYS 1993) 12- I am afraid there is something wrong ................ my ear. ear. I can't hear you properly. A) from B) of  C) with D) at E) besides (ÖYS 1994) 13- Kenya spends a quarter ............ its income every year ....... oil imports. A) on/for  B) about/through C) in/over  D) within/above E) of/on (ÖYS 1994) 14- Two hundred years years ago most people grew grew ......... some of their own food. A) so far  B) all at once C) at least D) by the way E) at a glance (OYS 1994)

15- Over 40 million people pass ........... Heathrow airport each year and at least 900 aircraft land and take off every day. day. A) away B) in C) before D) through E) along (ÖYS 1995) 16- ............ my great surprise, almost everyone agreed ............ him. A) For/to B) To/with C) At/from D) In/of  E) With/by (ÖYS 1995) 17- Few young people can start up a business .......... first having to borrow money. money. A) indeed B) through C) about D) without E) over  (ÖYS 1996) 18- Make sure you turn ......... the television before you go out, hut leave one of the lights ........ . A) down/out B) off/on C) up/in D) out/over  E) on/back  (ÖYS 1996) 19- The view ........... our window must be one of the best anywhere .......the town. A) in/over  B) through/of  C) from/in D) down/outside E) by/above (ÖYS 1996) 20- I'm extremely fond .......... her, too; but even so I'm afraid we Can't rely .......... her. her. A) about/to B) of/on C) for/in D) to/with E) with/over  (ÖYS 1997) 21- If it's not on the table, look ...... the table; it may have fallen ...... . A) below/through B) at/down C) within/away D) under/off  E) after/back  (ÖYS 1997) 22- While I was looking .......... some magazines, I happened to find this article .......... butterflies. A) over/from B) in/over  C) through/on D) up/of  E) at/for 

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(ÖYS 1998) 23- It took me a long time time to translate translate his business letter as I had to .... so many words in the dictionary. dictionary. A) make up B) turn over  C) look up D) get off  E) take up (YDS 1999)

C) to/at

D) about/in front of  E) through/above (YDS 2000) 28- The film "Brave Heart" is ....... long. It lasts ....... three hours. A) rather/for  B) too/on C) quite/in D) very/at E) so/into (YDS 2000) 29- For years the people ....... my hometown depended ...... steel, coal and fishing for their livelihood. A) at/for  B) from/to C) of/by D) in/on E) out of/on (YDS 2001) 30- Because Susan was looking very sad, John tried to cheer her ..... by reading her â story. A) up B) through C)in D) over  E) on (YDS 2001) 31- There's a photograph here ...... you taken ..... your first birthday. birthday. A) from/by B) by/to C) of/on D) to/over  E) on/near  (YDS 2001)

APPENDIX 1

24- They had to call in troops to ...... the forest fire which was w as spreading rapidly. A) get out C) hold up B) put out D) break down E) hand put (YDS 1999) 25- The explosion was caused ... a bomb which went .... when the shop was very crowded. A) by/off  B) with/out C) from/up D) through/into E) over/forward (YDS 1999) 26- I couldn't....... why they were shouting so loudly. A) set up B) keep up C) rely on D) make out E) put off  (YDS 2000) 27- A woman from Denmark has recently moved .... the flat .... mine. A) up/in B) into/next to

ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS

A absent from He has been absent from school for three days. accustomed to I'm not accustomed to very cold climates. acquainted with She is acquainted with our customs quite well.

addicted to So many youths are addicted to drugs. afraid of  She is afraid of going out after dark. allergic to My son is allergic to penicillin. amazed at/by We were all amazed a mazed at/by her unusual  behaviour.

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angry at/about We were angry at her selfish behaviour. angry with someone for something We were angry with him hi m for his selfishness. annoyed at/about I was annoyed at not being invited to the  party. annoyed with someone for something They were annoyed with me for not inviting (hem to the party. anxious about We were anxious about his constantly high temperature. appropriate for Do you think this book is appropriate for  our aim? ashamed of  I felt ashamed of my m y shabby clothes. You must be ashamed of yourself for  treating her so rudely. associated with Steven Spielberg is associated with special effects in film. astonished at/by They were rather astonished at losing the game. aware of  Most people are still not aware of the extent of environmental pollution.

B bad at He is bad at repairing things. bad for Eating too much candy is bad for your  teeth. based on Educational principles should be based on the requirements of our age.

beneficial to Taking Taking regular exercise is beneficial to your health. boastful of  She is boastful of her son's achievements. bored with I didn't finish reading the book, for I was  bored with the plot. brilliant at He is really brilliant at calculating. busy with She can't come with us because she is  busy with her term paper. capable of  You are capable of doing better work than this. careful about Be careful about your words even when you are annoyed. careful with You must be careful with money in these economic conditions. careless about (not paying attention to) She is often careless about her clothes; especially when she is depressed. careless of (unconcerned) Some drivers, enjoying the speed, are careless of the dangers of driving fast. clever at She is quite clever at working out the most difficult problems. committed to He is committed to honest work. composed of  End of term parties are usually composed of students, teachers and parents. concerned about People are concerned about the increasing air pollution in Istanbul. connected with/to

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Good mood is usually connected with good health. I think she is distantly connected with/to that family.

conscious of  A good many parents are not conscious of  the importance of reading for their  children. content with The teacher seemed content with our  exam results. convinced of  I'm convinced of his innocence. coordinated with When you are swimming, the movements of your legs should be coordinated with your  covered with/in When I in looked out of the window, I noticed that everywhere was covered with snow. crowded with The city center is always crowded with  people. curious about I'm curious about which party will win the election.

D dedicated to She loves her job; in fact, she is dedicated to it.

devoid of  She seems to be devoid of the skills required for this job. devoted to She is devoted to her children. different from Your likes and dislikes are quite different from mine. disappointed with She seemed really disappointed with her  exam results. discriminated against People should not be discriminated against because of the colour of their skin. divorced from According to the statistics, the number of  women divorced from their husbands is increasing. dressed in She was dressed in a skirt, which was unusual for her.

E eager for He seems eager for a quick recovery, recovery, so he is doing whatever the doctor says. efficient in The production manager is really reall y efficient in his job.

deficient in You should eat vegetables and fruit regularly so that your diet is not deficient in vitamins.

engaged to She is still engaged to Johnathan, but is thinking of getting married soon.

delighted with/at The child was delighted with his new toy. toy.

enthusiastic about Jenny is very enthusiastic about coming to the concert with us.

dependent on/upon Because he hasn't got a proper job, he is still dependent on his parents financially financiall y. derived from Most words in English are derived from Latin.

envious of  I'm envious of people who can speak  three or more languages fluently. equipped with

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Big offices are usually equipped with a  burglar alarm.

excellent in/at She is excellent in music. excited about The children seem quite excited about going on holiday. exposed to If hands and face are exposed to extreme cold, they may get frostbite.

F faithful to Dogs are known to be faithful to their  owners. familiar with If you start to study stud y English at university, you'll become familiar with English or  American literature.

full of  Your composition is full of grammatical mistakes. furious about She was furious about the news that she wasn't promoted. furious with someone for something She was furious with the manager for not  promoting her. furnished with The agents have been furnished with all the necessary information.

G generous about/with The host was a bit too generous with the raki, so we all became drunk. good at I'm not so good at playing cards.

familiar to The man in the corner seems familiar to me.

good for Taking Taking regular walks is good for your  heart.

famous for Turkish people are famous for their  hospitality.

grateful to someone for something I'm grateful to you for your kind support.

filled with The room was filled with excited people.

guilty of  He was found guilty guilt y of the robbery. robbery.

fond of  I'm very fond of children.

H

free of  Children under seven can travel free of  charge.

happy about I'm very happy about your getting this  job.

free from You will be free from pain soon after  you've taken two of these tablets.

happy with I purchased my dishwasher two years ago, and I'm still happy with it

friendly to/with She was quite friendly to me last night

honest with You should be honest with your clients. c lients.

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hopeful of/about She is hopeful of passing the university entrance exam this year. year. hopeless at She is hopeless at cooking. She can't even cook the simplest dishes properly properl y. hostile to Since the scandal, the two families have  been hostile to each other.

I identical with/to What a coincidence! Your Your dress is i s almost identical with mine. ignorant of  She is ignorant of the warnings made against her bad behaviour. behaviour. impressed with/by We were greatly greatl y impressed with her  diligence. inferior to I don't think your work is inferior to anybody else's in the office. indebted to I'm indebted to my friends for the encouragement they gave me for this job. indifferent to She seems quite indifferent to what is happening around her. innocent of  She was found innocent of the charge. interested in I've always been interested in folk music. involved in He has recently been involved in a  bribery case.

J  jealous of  She has always been jealous of her   brother's success.

K  keen on He is very keen on football. kind to She has always been kind to the people around her. known for (famous for) Mr. Eames is known for his honesty. known as Mr. Eames is known as an honest man.

L late for You've been late for work twice this week. limited to The time given for the university entrance exam is limited to three and a half hours. lucky at He is usually lucky at cards.

M mad at (angry with) Don't be mad at me! I was just trying to help you. mad about (very fond of) She is mad about pop music. made of  Tables Tables and chairs are usuall y made of  wood, (if there is only physical change in the raw material) made from Paper is made from wood. (The raw material changes chemically as well as  physically.)

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made out of  It's difficult to believe that this lovely vase was made out of a bottle, (if you alter an item, and use it with a different aim)

prepared for I'm buying these boots so that I'm  prepared for the snow this winter.

married to She is married to an American.

proud of  She is rightly proud of her success.

mindful of  You should be mindful of your  responsibilities.

provided with The young should be provided with jobs after graduation.

mistaken about You are mistaken about the extent of her  capacities.

N nervous of/about She is nervous about the job interview she will have in a few minutes. notorious for She became notorious for her  extravagance.

O obliged to I'm obliged to you for being beside me during all that trouble.

She is very popular with her students.

R  ready for Everybody seems ready for the journey. related to Are you related to the headmaster? I'm asking just because your surnames are the same. relevant to Your question must be relevant to the subject we are discussing; otherwise 1 won't let you speak. responsible for I think air pollution in big cities is responsible for most of the respiratory diseases.

opposed to I'm opposed to giving so many responsibilities to a small child.

rich in Vegetables and fruit are rich in vitamins.

patient with A teacher should be patient with his/her  students.

right about I was right about her chance of getting the  job.

pleased about She seems very pleased about being put in charge.

S

pleased with I'm pleased with the progress you've made. polite to You should be polite to the customers.

sad about She was sad about losing the chance of  giving a party, having failed the exam. satisfied with Are you satisfied with your present job? j ob? scared of  She was scared of the growling dog.

popular with

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shocked at/by He was such a good driver we were all shocked at the news that he'd had an accident. short of  I'm a bit short of money these days, so I can't come with you to dine out. . sick of  I'm sick of this ceaseless rain. similar to This scheme is quite similar to the one I  prepared. skilful at Eskimos are known to be skilful at using their harpoons. slow at The new secretary is quite slow at typing. sorry for someone I feel sorry for Sue, because she hasn't  been able to find a job yet.

If you are not sure of your facts, don't make them public.

sure about I'm not sure about the time of the train. surprised at/by I was really surprised at her treating us so strangely. suspicious of  The guard became suspicious of the youth standing on the comer. comer.

T terrible at She is terrible at cooking. terrified of  The little girl was terrified of the huge dog. thankful to someone for something I'm thankful to them for taking the time to help me.

sorry about something I'm sorry about my rude remarks yesterday.

thrilled with The employees were thrilled with the  promise given, by the boss about a high  pay rise.

sorry for doing something I'm sorry for hurting you with my m y rude remarks yesterday.

tired of  I'm tired of your complaints.

subject to The South-East of Turkey is subject to extreme weather conditions. successful in He was successful in marketing the  product to a wide area. suitable for I don't think jeans will be suitable for  such a formal party. superior to Do you think this job will be superior to your current one? sure of 

troubled with He was deeply troubled with the situation in the office. typical of  Do you like eating food typical of the region in which you are travelling?

U upset with/about She was upset about the trouble she had caused. used to She is not used to staying at home alone.

W 61

worried about I'm worried about his being so withdrawn.

Many people were wrong about their   predictions for the results of the election.

APPENDIX 2

wrong about

wrong with I think something is wrong with Sue. She keeps crying in the next room.

VERB + PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS

A

B abstain from adjust to agree with apologize for something apologize to someone apply to somewhere/someone apply for something approve of  argue about something argue with someone arrive in/at

 believe in  belong to  benefit from

C care about/for  collide with comment on compare with/to complain to someone complain about something/someone

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concentrate on consist of  contribute to count on/upon cover with/in crash into

M marvel at

O object to operate on

D decide on/upon/against depend on/upon die of  differ from differentiate between distinguish between dream of/about drive into

P  participate in  pay for   perish with  persist in  pray for 

Q

E

quarrel with someone quarrel about something

emerge from escape from

R 

F

recover from rely on/upon resign from respond to retire from

feel like fight for/against forget about

H happen to someone/something hear about/ of/from hide from hope for 

I insist on interfere with/in

L laugh at listen to live on (money /food) long for  look at look for 

S speak to/with specialise in subscribe to substitute for  succeed in suffer from

T talk with/to someone talk about something think of/ about

V vote for  vote against

W wait for  write to someone

NOTES: care about "önemsemek" anlamını verir.

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She doesn't care about her lessons. She is more interested in having a good time.

care for iki anlama gelir.

APPENDIX 3

1- look after look after, take care of  We need someone to care for our son while we are at work.

2- like, would like Would you care for something to drink? (Would (Would you like .....?) I don't care for tea, except for at breakfast. (1 don't like ......) Birşeyi elde etmek için mücadele ediyorsak  ed iyorsak fight for, birşeyden kurtulmak için mücadele ediyorsak  edi yorsak  fight against kullanılır. Aynı kullanım struggle, vote, go on strike gibi yapılar için de geçerlidir. The government should fight harder against inflation. The workers are going on strike for higher wages.

hear from, telefon, mektup vb. yoluyla yolu yla birinden "haber almak" anlamındadır. I haven't heard from him since he left here.

hear about, bir olayı "duymak" "du ymak" anlamındadır. anlamındadır. Have you heard about the accident that happened on the highway late last night?

hear of , "birşeyi duymak, öyle birşeyin varlığından haberdar olmak" anlamında kullanılır. I hadn't heard of a singer by that name until you mentioned him.

VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION COMBINATIONS Bu gruptaki fiiller, kendilerinden sonra bir nesne (object) ile birlikte kullanılırlar. kullanılırla r. They accused him of stealing the money. She spent all her money on clothes.

A

B accuse of  appoint to arrest for  assign to ask for 

 blame for   borrow from

C charge with

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compliment on congratulate on cut into

M mistake someone for someone else

P

D

 point at  prevent from  promote to  protect from/against  provide with/for   punish for 

deter from dedicate to devote to differentiate from discourage from distinguish from divide into

R 

E

regard as remind of/about rescue from

excuse for  explain to

F forgive for 

S sentence to shout at/to spend on stop from suspect of 

H help with

I invite to involve in

T thank for  throw at/to translate from /into

K  keep from

W

L leave for  let into NOTES:

warn about/of 

Provide, iki nesne alan bir fiildir. Bu nesnelerin cümle içindeki yerine göre with ya da for kullanılır. "Kimin için sağlandığını" belirtiyorsak provide something for someone, "ne sağlandığını"  belirtiyorsak provide someone with something yapısı kullanılır. They provided useful information for me. They provided me with useful information.

remind about, bir konuda hatırlatma yapmak anlamını,verir. anlamını,verir. Don't forget to remind me about the meeting.

remind of , "birşeyi, birini çağrıştırmak" anlamında kullandır. of my closest friend in high school. Her voice reminded me of my shout to, birine sesimizi duyurmak için "bağırmak" anlamındadır. When I spotted Alice ahead, I shouted to her.

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shout at, birine öfkeyle öfke yle "bağırmak" anlamındadır. Sorry for my shouting at you last night, but I couldn't stop myself.

throw something to someone, birine birşeyi "tutması için atmak" anlamında; throw something at someone, birine "vurmak" için birşey atmak anlamında kullanılır. He threw the ball to me, but I couldn't catch it. Don't throw stones at birds! It's cruel.

differentiate ve distinguish, from ve between ile kullanılır. Kullanılan preposition 'a göre cümlenin sözcük dizimi şöyledir : As he is colour-blind, he finds it difficult to distinguish between green and blue . As he is colour-blind, he finds it difficult to distinguish green from blue .

ELS 2001/15

ANSWER KEY

Ex. 1 (pg.5) 1. in 2. on/at 3.on/at/in 4.on/at 5.on/in 6.on 7.in/at 8.in/at 9.in/in 10.at/in a 11.on/in/on/in 12.at/in 13.at/on/at/at 14.at/on 15.on/in 16.in 17.in/in 18.on/on 19.on/on 20.at/at 21.at/in 22.in/in 23.on 24.in/on 25.in Ex. 2 (pg.9)

1.during 2.while 3.during 4.during 5.while 6.during 7.while 8.while

Ex. 3(pg.9)

 by 4. by  by 5.until 6. by  by 7.until 8. by  by 9.until 10. by  by 1.until 2.until 3. by

Ex. 4(pg.10) 1.for 2.towards/between 3.on 4.for/between...and (from...to/from...until) 5.until/after   by (at/befor e)  before/on 6.during/in 7. by e) 8.since 9.until/for 10.on 11.From/to 12.after  13.during/at 14. before/on 15.during/before  below 7. behind  behind (in) 8.in front of  Ex. 5(pg.l4) 1. at/in/by 2. around 3. at/at 4.up/in/in/in 5.outside/inside 6. below 9.at/to/on 10.on/on 11.throughout 12.over/under 13. opposite/from/to 14.through/through/on(in)  beside (next to) 17.at/by/along 18.against(on) 19.in/on/on/between 15.to/from/past 16. beside  beyond 22.in 23.among/at 24.in/from/to/in/above 25.in 20.into/up/out of/into 21. beyond  between 12.of 13.for  14. by  by Ex.6(pg.l8) 1.to 2.for 3.of 4.towards 5.of 6.for 7.for 8.in 9.to 10.to 11. between 15.with

Ex. 7(pg.l9)

 p 2.n 3.f 4.i 5.m 6.c 7. j  j 8.o 9.h 10.e 11.r 12.g 13.l 14.a 15. b  b 16.k 17.d 18.q 1. p

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Ex.8(pg.20)

 b 14.m 15.c 1.k 2.g 3. j j 4.n 5.a 6.o 7.e 8.l 9.h 10.d 11.i 12.f 13. b

 b 12.x 13.r  14.s 15.u 16. p  p 17.t 18.o 19.c Ex.9(pg.21) 1.h 2.q 3.v 4.l 5.f 6.d 7.a 8.y 9.e 10.n 11. b 20.g 21.i. 22. j j 23.w 24.m 25.k 

Ex. 10 (pg.23) 1.in 2.on 3.on 4.in 5.in 6.on Ex. 11 (pg,23) 1.for 2.for 3.on 4.for 5.on 6.on  p10lO.r  11. b  b 12.g 13.h 14.q 15.o 16.n 17.m 18.e Ex. 12 (pg.24) 1.f  2. j j 3.a 4.i 5.l 6.k 7.c 8.d 9. p10lO.r 

Ex. 13 (pg.25) a) under  b) by c) at d) under e) without f) at g) by h) at i) without j) at k) under l) from m) at n) for o) by  by far 2.under the influence 3. by  by no means 4.at last 5.under control 6.at the most 7.from time Ex. 14 (pg.25) 1. by to time 8.without fail 9.without delay 10.At first 11.at length 12.at least 13.under guarantee 14.for the time being 15. by  by mistake

Ex. 15 (pg.26) a) by b) under c) under d) from e) for f) at g) at h) by i) without j) for k) under l) without m) at n) for o) by  by heart 2. by  by accident 3.at random 4.at times 5.at any rate 6.under pressure 7.under age Ex. 16 (pg.26) 1. by 8. without doubt 9.for short 10.without warning 11.for a change 12.for instance 13.under the impression 14.from now on 15. by  by all means

Ex. 17 (pg.27) 1.in charge of  2.in common with 3.in love with 4.at the age of 5.on the point of 6.On behalf of  7.on the tip of  8.in return for  9.on the strength of 10.on good terms with 11.in danger of 12.in favour of 13.for the sake of  14.in the habit of 15.in touch with Ex. 18 (pg.28) 1.of 2.in 3.to 4.of 5.with 6.to 7.to 8.for 9.with 10.of 11.about 12.at 13.for 14.from 15.at 16.of  17.on 18.of 19.with 20.to 21.with 22.to 23.of 24 to 25.on Ex. 19(page.29) 1.at 2.for 3.from 4.from 5.on 6.to 7.from 8.for 9.from 10.with 11.of 12.for 13.to(with) 14.of  15.for/against 16.in 17.from 18.with 19.for/for 20.of 21.from/from 22.in 23.for 24.to 25.from 26.for  27.to/for 28.to 29.with(to) 30.from Ex.20(pg.30) 1.from 2.with 3.of 4.from 5.about 6.into 7.on 8.for 9.to 10.for  11. from 12.on 13.in 14.with 15.for/on 16.from 17.into 18.to 19.for 20.into 21.to 22.from 23.into 24.at 25.of  26.for/for 27.to 28.to 29.to 30.from/for  Ex. 21 (pg.31)

 b 6.c 7.e 8. j  j 9.d 10.i 11.a 12.l 1.g 2.f 3.k 4.h 5. b

Ex. 22 (pg.31) 1.have confidence in 2.take advantage of  3.takes pleasure in 4.took part in 5.have lost count of    pay attention to 10.has put pressure on 6.took charge of  7.catch sight of 8.keeping an eye on 9. pay  played a trick on 12.make sense of  11. played  b 9.d 10.g 11.f 12.i Ex. 23 (pg.32) 1.l 2.k 3.a 4.c 5.e 6.h 7. j j 8. b

Ex. 24 (pg.32) 1.caught a glimpse of 2.set fire to 3.make room for 4.to have a look at 5.was taken care of 6.to  pay a compliment to 7.Take no notice of 8.made contact with 9.made a recovery from 10.takes his mind off 11.take pride in 12.has had an effect on Ex. 25 (pg.33) 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.E. 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.E 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.A 15.B 16.E 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.C 21.B 22.C 23.B 24.D 25.E 26.C 27.C 28.B 29.D 30.A 31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.E 36.E 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.D 41.E 42.A 43.D 44.C 45.B  pick/up 5. blew  blew up 6.cheer up 7.are growing up 8.held up Ex. 26 (pg.40) 1.show up 2.took up 3.turned up 4. pick/up  brought up 10.get up 11.give up 12.set up 13.look up 14.made up 15. blowup  blowup 16. picks/up  picks/up 9. brought 17.turned up 18.take up  brought/down 6.will be Ex. 27 (pg.41) 1.turned down 2.is pouring down 3.has broken down 4.1et down 5. brought/down closing down 7.cut down 8.has laid down 9. pull  pull down 10.toocked down 11.slowed down 12.turn down 13.get/down 14.settled down  brought out 2.handed out 3. broke  broke out 4.ran out 5.carry out 6.make out 7.sort out 8.has brought Ex. 28 (pg.42) 1. brought out 9.has worn/out 10.make out 11.stood out 12.set out 13.left out 14.have worn/out 15.comes out  pointed out 18. picked  picked out 19.workout 20.have worked out 21.find out 22. put/out  put/out 16.1ook out 17. pointed  passed out 26.have been let out 23.keep out 24.cross out 25. passed

Ex. 29 (pg.44) 1.took off  2.turn/off 3.called off 4.drop/off 5.get off 6.see/off 7.has been put off  8.have put/off 

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9.is showing off 10.take/off 11.set off 12.will go off 13.goes off   put on 7.hold on 8.live on 9. put  put on Ex. 30 (pg.45) 1.got on 2.try/on 3.turn/on 4.carry on 5.count on 6. put  bump into 5.had broken into 6. bumped  bumped into 7.1ook into Ex. 31 (pg.46) 1.flooded in 2. get into 3.handed in 4. bump  joinin 12.take in 8.checked in 9.taken in 10.taken in 11. joinin  put/through 4.cut across 5.looks after 6.got/back 7.took over  Ex. 32 (pg.47) 1.throw away 2.thought/over 3. put/through  pass away 9.came across 10. put  put aside 11.do/over 12.goes with 13. put  put away 14.go over  15.come 8. pass round 16.came round 17.get over 18.get away 19.takes after 

Ex. 33 (pg.48) 1.looks down on 2.are catching up with 3.ran out of 4.go in for 5.am looking forward to 6.cut down on 7. put  put up with 8.will come up against 9.came up with 10.makeup for 11.has grown out of  12.have gone down with 13.get out of 14.got on with 15. get out of  Ex. 34(pg.49) 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 15.D 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.D

6.B

7.D

8.C 9.E 10.E 11.C 12.B 13 D 14.E

EXAMPLES FROM ÖYS/YDS ANSWER KEY 1.C 2.C 14.C 15.D 27.B 29.A

3.B 16.B 29.D

4.E 17.D 30.A

5.B 6.E 18.B 19.C 31.C

7.B 20.B

8.E 21.D

9.A 22.C

10.D 23.C

11. 11.E 24.B

12.C 25.A

13.E 26.D

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