159 Elementary-English.pdf

ELEMENTARY ENGLISH

2006.

2

UNIT 1

IN THE CLASSROOM OVERVIEW

Reading Language focus 1 Language focus 2 Exercising

In the classroom Personal Pronouns Present Tense of “to be”

READING

A

Mrs Cabot: Ivan: Mrs Cabot: Ivan: Mrs Cabot: Ivan: Mrs Cabot: Ivan: Mrs Cabot:

Good afternoon. My name is Helen Cabot. And what is your name? Ilic. Pardon? My name is Ivan Ilić. I am a teacher of English. And what are you? I'm a student. Yes, you are a student of English. And where are you from, Mr Ilic? I'm from Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thank you.

B

Ivan Ilic is a student of English. He is from Banja Luka. Who is this? It's his friend Milan Marković. He's from Prijedor. Milan and Ivan are in London now. They are in the classroom. This is Helen Cabot. She is their teacher of English and she's from London.

C

Mrs Cabot: Milan: Mrs Cabot: Milan: Mrs Cabot: Milan:

Are you from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr Marković? Yes, I am. Are you from Banja Luka? No, I'm not. I'm from Prijedor. Are you and Mr Ilić in Prijedor now? No, we aren't. We are in London.

3

UNIT 1 Language focus 1

Personal Pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, they are personal pronouns .

Language focus 2

Present Tense of »to be« Positive Sentences I am He She It

Short Forms I'm

is in the classroom.

We You They

We're You're They're

are

Negative Sentences

in the classroom.

Short Forms

I

am not

I'm not

He She It

is not

He She isn't It

We You They

are not

from London.

from London.

We You aren't They Short Answers Positive Negative

Questions Am

I

Yes, you are.

No, you aren't.

Are

you

Yes, I am.

No, I'm not.

Is

Ivan he Mrs Cabot she it

he Yes, she is. it

No,

we Are you they

4

He's She's It's

in the classroom?

you Yes, we are. No, they

he she it

isn't.

you we aren't. they

UNIT 1

Greetings and Polite Phrases Good morning Good afternoon Good evening

Goodbye Please Thank you

Possessive Adjectives

This is

my your his her our your their

EXERCISING LISTENING

I.

friend.

classroom.

Change the sentences using the right form of »to be«

Example: She is in the classroom. I: I am in the classroom. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

they he Mrs Cabot their teacher she Ivan I

8. we 9. he 10. Milan 11. she 12. I 13. you 14. my friend

II. Ask questions. Example: Are you in the classroom? he: Is he in the classroom? 8. she 1. we 9. Ivan 2. they 3. Milan 10. Milan and Ivan 4. your teacher 11. Mrs Cabot 5. you and your friend 12. your friend 6. his student 13. I 7. you 14. he

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UNIT 1

III.

Answer in the negative. Example: Mrs Cabot is a teacher. And Ivan? Ivan isn't a teacher.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. IV.

Ivan is from Banja Luka. And Milan? We are in the classroom. And Mrs Cabot? I am a teacher. And you? My friend is a teacher. And your friend? We are in Banja Luka. And Ivan and Milan? Banja Luka is in Bosnia and Herzegovina. And London? Mrs Cabot is from London. And you? Milan is from Prijedor. And Ivan? Ivan is a student of English. And Mrs. Cabot? Ivan and Milan are in London now. And you and your friend? Mrs Cabot is from London. And your teacher? You are my student. And Milan? Ivan is in London. And you? You are in Banja Luka. And Ivan and Milan? Ask and answer.

Example: classroom (we) Is this our classroom? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 1. book (he) 8. blackboard 2. pen (you) 9. book 3. desk (she) 10. classroom 4. chair (I) 11. coat 5. teacher (we) 12. pen 6. classroom (you) 13. chair 7. coat (he) 14. blackboard HOME

V.

Questions a) 1. What is Mrs Cabot? 2. Is she from London? 3. What is Ivan? 4. Where is he from? 5. Is Milan from Banja Luka? 6. Are Milan and Ivan in-London now? b) 1. Are you a student of English? 2. Are you from London? 3. Where are you from? 4. Are you in the classroom now? 5. Is Milan Marković your friend? 6. Are you a teacher of English?

6

(we) (I) (they) (you) (she) (he) (they)

UNIT 1

VI.

Complete this. 1. We ................. in the classroom. 2. She ................ from London. 3. I ................ a student. 4. He ................ from Prijedor. 5. This .................my friend. 6. They ................. from Banja Luka.

VII. Use the right possessive adjective. 1. This is Mrs Cabot ................... name is Helen. 2. This is Mr Ilic .................... name is Ivan. 3. We are in ............. ... classroom. 4. They are in ................. classroom. 5. I'm a student. ................. name is Milan. 6. Are you a student? Is this ........ ....... book? VIII. Make questions. Example: Yes, it's my pen. Is this your pen? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. IX.

Yes, it is. It's my coat. She is a teacher of English. No, I'm not. It's my friend, Ivan Ilic. I'm in the classroom now. Yes, they are.

Answer this. Example: Where are you from? I'm from. Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Where is Ivan from? Where are you from? Where are Ivan and Milan from? Where is your friend from? Where is Mrs Cabot from? Where are we from?

7

X.

Open Dialogue Teacher: What is your name? Student: ................................. Teacher: Where are you from? Student: ................................. Teacher: Are you a student of English? Student: ................................. Teacher: Thank you.

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UNIT 2

IVAN’S ROOM OVERVIEW

Reading Language focus

Ivan’s room Numbers form 1 to 20 Plural of nouns Articles Adjectives

Exercising READING

A

B

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Mrs Cabot: Mrs Cabot Ivan: Mrs Cabot Ivan: Mrs Cabot Ivan: Mrs Cabot Ivan:

Where is your room, Ivan? It's at 10, Oxford Street. It's near our school. What is your room like? Is it big or small? It's small. Is it downstairs? No, it's upstairs on the left. How many rooms are there on your floor? There are five. They are all very nice.

Ivan's room is in a big house at 10, Oxford Street. It isn't downstairs, it's upstairs on the left. His room is small but very comfortable. There is a large window opposite the door. It is open now. There is a desk on the right. There are many books, two notebooks, a lamp and five pencils on the desk. There are two armchairs and a small table in the middle of the room. There is a box of matches on the table. Ivan's bed is near the door. There is a clock under the bed.

Numbers from 1 to 20 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten

10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty

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UNIT 2

Plural of Nouns Singular She's

Plural

a teacher.

teachers. Izl

a door. It's

He's It's

a bed. a book. a lamp. a student.

They are

a atch. a box.

They are

doors. Izl beds. Izl books. Isl lamps. Isl students. Isl matches, /iz/ boxes, /iz/

Add -s or -es- to make the plural.

There is — There are a lamp one bed two chairs many books

is There are

in Ivan's room.

lamps How many

are there?

There

chairs

is

one

(lamp).

are

two

(chairs).

Articles The Indefinite Article

The Definite Article

This is a window. He is a student. That is an armchair.

The window is open. The student is from Banja Luka. The armchair is comfortable. Plural of Articles

He is a student. The room is nice.

They are students. The rooms are nice.

Adjectives There is a small table in the room. There are five large rooms upstairs. The armchair is comfortable. Small, large, comfortable are adjectives.

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UNIT 2 EXERCISING

I.

Answer this. Example: How many schools are there in this street? There are two. 1. How many students are there in our classroom? 2. How many teachers are there? 3. How many desks are there? 4. How many books are there? 5. How many coats are there? 6. How many pens are there? 7. How many blackboards are there? 8. How many chairs are there? 9. How many English books are there on your desk? 10. How many classrooms are there in our school? 11. How many classrooms are there on our floor? 12. How many pens are there on your desk? 13. How many rooms are there downstairs? 14. How many chairs are there on the left?

II.

Change the sentences using »there is« or »there are«. Example: There is a desk in the room. a chair: There is a chair in the room. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

III.

a bed two chairs a small table two windows a door many books three notebooks

8. an armchair 9. many boxes 10. four students 11. a large desk 12. five pens 13. a clock 14. two-lamps

Make sentences. Example: a bed / near the door There is a bed near the door. 1. many books / on my table 2. fourteen chairs / in our classroom 3. a lamp / on his desk 4. a door / in the room 5. many students / in the classroom 6. a small table / in the middle of the room 8. a large room / on the right 9. five rooms / upstairs 10. four rooms / downstairs 11. ten desks / in the classroom 12. two notebooks / on the desk 13. a clock / near the bed 14. many matches / in the box

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UNIT 2

IV.

Make questions with »how many«. Example: students / the classroom How many students are there in the classroom? 1. doors / your room 2. chairs / the classroom 3. tables / her room 4. beds / his room 5. books / your desk 6. notebooks / their desks 7. lamps / the table 8. pens / his desk 9. students / our classroom 10. windows / your room 11. rooms / upstairs 12. rooms / downstairs 13. pencils / my desk 14. armchairs / Ivan's room

.

V. Look at the film and ask questions with »how many« and »where«. Example: a) How many lamps are there? Where is it? b) How many chairs are there? Where are they? HOME

VI.

Questions a) 1. Where is Ivan's room? 2. Is it near his school? 3. What is it like? 4. Is Ivan's room downstairs? 5. How many rooms are there on his floor? 6. What are they all like? b) Describe your classroom.

VII. Put into the plural. Example: There is a book on the table. (3) There are three books on the table. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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There is a lamp in the room. (4) There is a notebook on the desk. (9) There is a box under the table. (5) There is a desk in the classroom. (12) There is a small room upstairs. (7) There is a student in the classroom. (14)

There is one (lamp). It's on the desk. There are six (chairs). They're in the room.

UNIT 2

VIII. Make questions to the following answers. Example: There are five teachers in the classroom. How many teachers are there in the classroom? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. IX.

There are nineteen books on the desk. There are seventeen students in the classroom. There is one lamp on the desk. There are two windows in the room. There is one bed in the room. There are six chairs near the table.

Ask and answer. Example: books / the desk nice Are there many books on the desk? Yes, there are. Are they nice? Yes, they are.

.

X.

1. students / the classroom from Banja Luka 2. notebooks / the desks nice 3. lamps / the room small 4. rooms / upstairs large 5. chairs / the table comfortable 6. rooms / downstairs small Open Dialogue Teacher: .................................? lvo: It's at 10, Oxford Street. Teacher: ................................ ? lvo: Yes, it is. Teacher: ................................ ? lvo: No, it isn't. It's upstairs. Teacher: ................................ ? lvo: It's small but comfortable.

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UNIT 3

THE JOHNSONS AND THE CABOTS OVERVIEW

Reading Language focus

Two families Present Tense of “have(got)” Irregular Plural of Nouns Possessive of Nouns

Exercising READING

A

B

LANGUAGE FOCUS

The Johnsons and the Cabots are two English families. The Johnsons are the Cabots' friends. They are good friends. The Johnsons Mr William Johnson is a doctor and his wife Ann is a housewife. They have two children, a boy and a girl. The Johnsons' son Henry is 20 years old and he is a student at Oxford. Their daughter's name is Pat. She is eight years old and she is a schoolgirl. In front of Mrs Cabot's classroom Mr Cabot Hello. My name is John Cabot. I'm Helen Cabot's husband. Ivan How do you do? My name is Ivan Ilic. Mr Cabot Whose student are you? Ivan I'm Mrs Cabot's student. Mr Cabot Has Helen got many students? Ivan Oh, yes, she has. There are many young men and women in our class. Are you a teacher, too? Mr Cabot No, I'm an architect. I've got an office in town. Ivan Is your house in London, too? Mr Cabot We haven't got a house. We have a large and comfortable flat near Oxford Street. Come to dinner one evening, Ivan. Ivan Oh, thank you. Mr Cabot Not at all. Note: Observe the plural of nouns ending in »y«. This is a boy. There are three boys in the room. I've got a big family. There are six families on our floor.

Present Tense of »have (got)« Positive Sentences I You Pat and Henry They Henry He Pat She The room It

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Short Forms

have

has

a book, a pencil. (got) a lamp, a room.

I've You've They've He's She's

got

a book, a pencil. a lamp. a room.

It's a window. a door.

a door.

UNIT 3

Negative Sentences I You have not (haven't)

We

a book.

They

a pencil, a lamp,

Henry got

He

a room.

Pat has not (hasn't)

She

a window. a

The room It

door.

Questions you Have

the Johnsons

a book?

they

a pencil? got

Henry Has

a lamp? a room?

he Pat she the room

a window?

it

a door?

Short Answers Positive I we they

Negative I we haven't. they

have. No,

Yes, he she it

has.

he she it

hasn't.

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UNIT 3

Irregular Plural of Nouns Singular It's a child, /tRaild/ It's a woman, /'wum?n/ It's a man. /mzn/

Plural They are children, /'tRildr?n/ They are women, /'wimin/ They are men. /men/

Possessive of Nouns Possessive of nouns answers the question Whose? They are girls' rooms. This is Pat's room. Ann is Mr Johnson's wife. Henry is the Johnsons' son. They are children's books. The Johnsons are the Cabots' friends.

Nouns with Regular Plural Singular Plural

Nouns with Irregular Plural Singular Plural

boy

boys

child

children

boy's

boys'

child's

children's

Note: Add 's to all nouns (singular and plural) not ending in »s«. Add ' to all nouns (singular and plural) ending in »s«.

I. Make sentences using the right form of »have«. Example: the Johnsons / a daughter The Johnsons have a daughter. 1. Ivan / a nice room 2. the Cabots / many friends 3. Mr Johnson / a son 4. you / two notebooks 5. Pat / a nice coat 6. Henry / many books 7. we / a large classroom 8. the Johnsons / two children 9. I / five pencils 10. Ivan / two armchairs 11. the teacher / fifteen students 12. they / a big house 13. Milan / a good clock 14. I / a comfortable chair

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UNIT 3

II.

Make questions using the right form of »have got«. Example: you / a large flat Have you got a large flat? 1. Henry / many friends 2. the students / a big classroom 3. Mrs Cabot / many students 4. you / a big family 5. the architect / a large office 6. the Johnsons / two children 7. the teacher / many books 8. Ivan / a nice room 9. you / a comfortable bed 10. Mrs Johnson / a young daughter 11. we /a good teacher 12. Milan / a pen 13. the children / many notebooks 14. you / a box of matches

III.

Ask and answer using »Whose«and the possessive of nouns. Example: teacher I Mrs Cabot Whose teacher is Mrs Cabot? She is Ivan's teacher. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

HOME

IV.

student / Milan husband / Mr Johnson children / Pat and Henry daughter / Pat friends / the Johnsons wife / Helen friend / Milan

8. son / Henry 9. student / Ivan 10. husband / Mr Cabot 11. friends / the Cabots 12. students / Ivan and Milan 13. wife / Mrs Johnson 14. friend / Mr Cabot

Questions a) 1. Who are the Johnsons and the Cabots? 2. What is Mr William Johnson? 3. What is his wife? 4. How many children have they got? 5. Whose husband is Mr Cabot? 6. Whose friends are the Cabots?

b) 1. Have you got a family? 2. Have you got a flat? 3. Where is it? 4. What is your flat like? 5. Have you got many good friends? 6. Are they in London?

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UNIT 3

V.

Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

VI.

Whose husband is Mr Johnson? Whose children are Pat and Henry? Whose wife is Mrs Cabot? Whose friends are the Johnsons? Whose student is Ivan? Whose house is in London?

Put in the right form of “have got” 1. Ivan .............. many books. 2. The Cabots ................ a large flat. 3. We ................ a comfortable classroom. 4. Pat ................. many good friends. 5 .................. you .................. a nice room? 6. Mr Cabot ................. a big office.

VII. Change the sentences using the possessive of nouns. Example: The Johnsons have a big house. The Johnsons' house is big. 1. Ivan has a comfortable bed ....................................................... 2. The Cabots have a large flat.......................................................... 3. Pat has a small room................................................................... 4. This student has an old book....................................................... 5. The teacher has a big desk ........................................................... 6. The children have a nice room ................................................. VIII. Answer the questions and use »too«. Example: Is Ivan from Banja Luka? Yes, he is. Are you from Banja Luka? Yes, I'm from Banja Luka, too. 1. Is Milan a student? Are you a student? 2. Where is the blackboard? Where is the desk? 3. Is Mrs Cabot in the classroom? Is Milan in the classroom? 4. Is Ivan from Bosnia and Herzegovina? Are you from Bosnia and Herzegovina? 5. Are we in Banja Luka? Are they in Banja Luka?

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UNIT 4

DINNER AT THE CABOTS’ OVERVIEW

Reading Language focus

Dinner at the Cabots’ Numbers Plural of Pronouns

Exercising

In the Cabots' flat, at 67, Mortimer Street READING

A

B

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Mr and Mrs Johnson are the Cabots' guests tonight. The two men, John and Bill, are in the living-room. John has a glass in his hand. It's full of sherry. The women are in the kitchen. There are many plates, knives, forks, spoons and cups on the kitchen table. Dinner is ready. Ivan is at the door. Ivan: Good evening, Mrs Cabot. Mrs Cabot: Good evening, Ivan. Come in, please. Mr Cabot: This is Ivan Ilic, a student of English from Bosnia and Herzegovina. These are our friends, the Johnsons. Ivan: How do you do? The Johnsons: How do you do? Mr Johnson: Sorry, what is your name ? Ivan: Ivan Ilic. I-L-I-C. Mr Cabot: Sit down, Ivan, and have a drink. Helen, where is that bottle of sherry? And those small glasses? Mrs Cabot: They are on the small table in the corner. And the bottle of sherry is Mr Cabot: there, too. But darling, there is only mineral water there. Oh dear, the bottle of sherry is still in the kitchen. I'm sorry. Mrs Cabot: Observe the plural of »knife«. There is a knife on the table. There are two knives on the table.

Numbers from 20 to 1,000,000 20 21 22 23 24 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

twenty twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three twenty-four twenty-five thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety

100 120 135 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1150 1,000,000

a/one hundred one hundred and twenty one hundred and thirty-five two hundred three hundred four hundred five hundred six hundred seven hundred eight hundred nine hundred a/one thousand one thousand one hundred and fifty a/one million

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UNIT 4

Plural of Pronouns Singular This is That’s It’s

a house. a classroom. a door

What’s this? It’s What’s that? Singular this that he she it

EXERCISING

I.

a window. a table.

Plural These are Those are They are What are these? What are those?

Plural these those they

Complete these sentences using the plural. Example: This house is big, and ... and these houses are big, too. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

II.

This desk is small, and ... This pencil's on the desk, and . . . This door is big, and ... This room is small, and ... This bed is comfortable, and ... This chair is near the table, and ... This man's old, and ... This glass is small, and ... This spoon's on the table, and . .. This child's in bed, and ... This student is from Yugoslavia, and . . . This woman's in the kitchen, and ... This office is large, and ... This flat is comfortable, and ...

Complete these sentences using the plural. Example: That door is open, and ... and those doors are open, too. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

20

That woman's young, and ... That book is good, and ... That girl is in the street, and ... That' knife is on the table, and ... That window is open, and ... That child's small, and ...

houses. classrooms. doors. They’re

windows. tables.

UNIT 4

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. III.

That room's on the left, and .. . That woman's old, and .. . That box is in the corner, and .. . That plate's on the table, and . .. That man's from London, and . . . That armchair is comfortable, and . That bottle is in the kitchen, and . That bed is opposite the door, and

Questions a) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Where is the Cabots' flat? Whose guests are the Johnsons? Where are John and Bill? Are their wives in the living-room, too? What is there on the kitchen table? Is dinner ready?

b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Where is your flat? How many rooms have you got? What is your living-room like? Is your kitchen big or small? What have you got in your kitchen? Have you got many cups and plates?

IV.

Spell your name.

V.

Put into the plural. Example: This bed is comfortable. These beds are comfortable. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

VI.

That house is very big. This woman is in the kitchen. That child is 12 years old. She is nice. He is a good student. This man is very old.

Put in the article where necessary. Example: There is .......... chair in ......... . corner. There is a chair in the corner. 1. Pat is ......... small girl. 2. There is ......... notebook on ......... desk. 3. ......... teacher is in .......... classroom. 4. Mr Cabot is .......... architect. 5. He has got ........ office in town. 6. .................... office is very big. 21

UNIT 5

IVAN AND HIS NEW FRIENDS Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Ivan’s new friends Present Tense of “can” Personal Pronouns – Objective Case Colours

Exercising In Oxford Street

READING

A

Ivan: Mr Johnson: Ivan: Mr Johnson: Ivan: Mr Johnson:

Ivan:

Mr Johnson: Ivan: Mr Johnson:

B

Good afternoon, Mr Johnson. Oh, hello, Ivan. How are you? Very well, thank you. Are your classes over for today? No, we have a short break at this time of the day. Good. You can come with me and meet my son Henry and his friends. They are in a little coffee bar here in Oxford Street. You can have a cup of coffee with us. Fine. I can come with you but I can't stay very long. I have another English class, you see. Is the coffee bar very far? No, it's quite near. Look! Can you see that big, yellow house on the corner? Yes, I can. Well, the coffee bar is just round the corner. You can be back at school in 5 minutes.

In the coffee bar Here are Ivan and his new friends. We can see them all in the coffee bar. The tall, good-looking young man in the middle is Henry Johnson. We can see him between two young girls. One is Jane and the other is Margaret. Margaret is Henry's girlfriend. Her hair is dark and long. She has got big brown eyes and beautiful white teeth. Jane is very pretty, too. Her hair is blond and short and her eyes are blue. Jane has got a nice red dress on. We can see her near Ivan. Mr Johnson is behind them at the bar. Observe the plurals of »tooth« and »foot«. It's a tooth. Pat's teeth are white. It's a foot. Pat's feet are small.

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UNIT 5

Present Tense of »can« Positive and Negative Sentences I

come

here.

You Henry can Jane cannot We (can't) The students

stay see have be

there. his friends. a cup of coffee. back in 5 minutes. Short answers

Questions

Can

Positive

I

I

you

you

he

see Ivan Pat there?

Negative I you he

he Yes,

can.

she

we

we

they

they

No,

she

can't.

we they

Personal Pronouns — Objective Case a)

Before a verb

b)

After a verb or

c)

a preposition

I

he

she

it

we

you

they

me him

her

it

us

you

them

a) Before a verb

b) After a verb

He can see Pat. I can see Ivan's room. We can see the children.

He can see her. I can see it. We can see them.

a) After a preposition You can sit near us. I can sit with them. There are many books in front of him.

Colours is What colour are

your book? her dress? your pens? your desks?

It’s They’re

blue. red. brown. yellow. white. 23

UNIT 5 EXERCISING

I.

Ask and answer. Example: see Henry Can you see Henry? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

II.

III.

have a cup of coffee now open that bottle be back in 10 minutes come to dinner stay very long see that big house have a short break come to our house have another English class sit down see Ivan's friends come to Bosnia and Herzegovina have a glass of sherry open the window

Ask questions. Example: The guests are in the living-room. Can you see them? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

HOME

I'm near the house. Henry is in the coffee bar. The students are in the classroom. We are behind our school. There is a big house on the corner. We are in the middle of the street. There are two books on the desk. Mr Johnson is in his armchair. I'm near Jane. Pat is in the corner. We are on the left. There is a glass on the table.

Questions a) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

Can Ivan have a cup of coffee with Mr Johnson? Where can they have a cup of coffee? Where is the coffee bar? Who can he meet there? Can Ivan stay very long? Can he be back in 5 minutes? What colour are your eyes? What colour is your pen? What colour are your teeth? What colour are your notebooks? What colour is your coat? What colour is your desk?

UNIT 5

IV.

Put the right word into these sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

V.

You can see (I, me) in the living-room. There are two books in front of (he, him). We can see (her, she) in the corner. You can sit near (we, us). Pat can see (them, they). You can come with (us, we).

:

Finish these sentences. Example: I can see them, but ... I can see them, but they can't see me.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. VI.

She can see him, but ... They can see us, but . . . You can see me, but ... He can see you, but . . . I can see her, but ... We can see them, but

'

Complete these sentences. Example: There are two books on the desk. One is new, the other is old. 1. There are two rooms downstairs. One is ................. , the other is ............... 2. The Johnsons have two children. One is ................. , the other is................ 3. There are two girls in the coffee bar. One is ................... , the other is ............... 4. We can see two pencils on the table. One is ................., the other is .............. 5. Pat has two dresses. One is .................. , the other is................. 6. There are two armchairs near the table. One is ......................., the other is ..............

VII. Write down three things you can see in the room and say where they are. Example: a chair I can see a chair. It is behind the desk.

25

UNIT 6

THE CABOTS AT WORK OVERVIEW

READING

A

Reading Language focus Exercising

The Cabots at work Simple Present Tense

Mr Cabot is an architect and has an office in town. He usually starts work at 9 o'clock and stops at 5. He sometimes stays in his office until 5.30 because he has many business appointments. People want to build new houses and they come to consult Mr Cabot. Mr Cabot's secretary is very, busy. She does all the office work. She also answers the telephone and often types business letters. She helps Mr Cabot in his work. She never goes home before 5.

B

In front of Mr Cabot's office, at a quarter to six Bill: John: Bill: John: Bill: John: Bill: John: Bill: John: Bill: John:

Hello, John. How are you? Oh, I'm rather tired. Why? Do you work very hard? Yes, I think I do. And how is Helen? Is she at home? No, she is at school. When does she work? She always works in the afternoon. She teaches foreign students. Yes, I know. Does she also teach children? No, she doesn't. Her students are all adults. Does she like her work? Yes, very much. She often talks about it.

WHAT TIME IS IT? (WHAT'S THE TIME?)

It's four o'clock.

26

It's ten (minutes) past four. It's four ten.

UNIT 6

It's a quarter past four. It's four fifteen.

It's half past four. It's four thirty.

It's twenty (minutes) to five. It's four forty.

It's a quarter to five. It's four forty-five.

60 minutes 30 minutes 15 minutes LANGUAGE FOCUS

one hour half an hour a quarter of an hour

Simple Present Tense Positive

Sentences

You We They

answer build work

the telephone. houses. here.

He She Helen

works types teaches

in an office. adults.

There is an — s or — es after he, she, it. (He builds /z/, works /s/, teaches /iz/) Negative I You We They Helen He

Sentences do not (don't) work here, does not (doesn't)

27

UNIT 6

Questions Do you I we they Does he she Short answers Positive I you Yes, we they he she

Yes,

answer work

the telephone? here?

work type

in an office?

Negative do.

No,

I you we they

does.

No,

he she

don't.

doesn't.

The Simple Present Tense tells you what people usually, often, never do. Note: Observe the answers to these questions. What does Mr Cabot do? What do you do?

He is an architect. I'm a doctor.

Position of always, often, usually, never (Adverbs of Indefinite Time) He We She He EXERCISING

I.

often usually always is

never

stays in town until 10. start work at 9. works in the afternoon. at home in the evening.

Adverbs of indefinite time come in front of main verb, But after TO BE.

Answer using the Simple Present Tense and »too«. Example: Mrs Cabot works hard. And Dr Johnson? Dr Johnson works hard too. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

28

I teach adults. And Mrs Cabot? We start work at seven. And you? The teacher has many books. And the students? Dr Johnson likes sherry. And his wife? They stop work at 3 o'clock. And you? John often helps his wife in the kitchen. And you? Many people talk about their work. And Helen? I want to have a drink before dinner. And you? Ivan often consults his teacher. And the other students? Pat often stays at school until six. And your children? I often type letters. And you? John usually goes home at five. And the secretary?

UNIT 6

II.

Make questions. Example: the secretary I answer the telephone Does the secretary answer the telephone? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

III.

you / work in an office ' Mrs Cabot / teach foreign students John and Bill / talk about their work Helen / work in the afternoon the secretary / type business letters children / go to school Henry / know many young people you / do office work people / consult Mr Cabot you / have many business appointments Mr Cabot / start work at nine Mrs Cabot / stay at home in the afternoon the students / ask many questions you / like your work

Complete the sentences using

a) I/we don't b) he/she doesn't

Example: a) They work hard but ... They work hard but I/we don't.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. IV.

b) They work hard but ... They work hard but he/she doesn't. They work in a big office but ... They have dinner at home but ... They start work at 8 but ... They teach adults but ... They come home at 2 but ... They have many appointments but ... They type business letters but ... They go home after work but... They work hard but ... They answer business letters but ... They come home after 8 but ... They often have a drink but ... They build houses but ... They often talk about business but ...

Answer the questions using “always”, “often” or “sometimes” in your answers. Example: Do you start work at 7? Yes, I always start work at 7. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Does the secretary type business letters? Do you type business letters? Does Mr Cabot work hard? Do you work hard? 29

UNIT 6

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. V.

Do you stay at home in the morning? Does Mr Cabot answer the telephone? Do you have dinner at home? Do you talk about your friends? Do you help your wife in the kitchen? Does Mr Cabot stop work at 5? Do you stay in your office until 5? Does Mrs Cabot work in the afternoon? Do you work in the afternoon? Do you have a drink before dinner?

Questions

HOME

a) 1. What does Mr Cabot do? 2. Where does he work? 3. What time does he start work? 4. Why do people come to his office? 5. When does he stop work? 6. What does Mr Cabot's secretary do? 7. Does Mrs Cabot work in an office? 8. Who does she teach? b)

VI.

1. Where do you work? 2. When do you start work? 3. Are you very busy in your office? 4. Do you stay in your office until 5 o'clock? 5. What do you do in your office? 6. What time do you stop work? Make questions to these answers. Example: Mrs Johnson works at home. (Where) Where does Mrs Johnson work? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Mr Cabot works in an office. (Where) He usually starts work at 9. (When) His secretary often types business letters. (What) He sometimes goes home at 5.30. (What time) Mr Cabot's wife teaches adults. (Who) She always comes home about 6.45. (When)

VII. Write about Mr Cabot. Mr Cabot / an architect // always / at 9 // very busy / many people / want / build houses // he / a secretary // she / business letters // often / until 5.30 // VIII. Practice Text Dr Johnson is a doctor. He works in a large hospital. He works very hard. He starts work at 9 o'clock in the morning. He stops work at 5. Ask questions about Dr Johnson using WHAT, WHERE, HOW, WHAT TIME, WHEN.

30

UNIT 6

THE JOHNSONS AT HOME Reading Language focus Exercising

OVERVIEW

The Johnsons at home Present Continuous Tense

READING

A

The Johnsons live in London. They are all very busy during the week. Bill works at his hospital and Pat goes to school. On Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday they leave at 8.30 a.m., but they stay at home on Saturdays and Sundays. Ann stays at home every morning and cleans the house. She opens the windows and makes the beds. After that she cooks dinner. Bill comes home at about 6. p.m. every day and then they have dinner together. After dinner Bill and Pat go into the kitchen and help Mrs Johnson wash the dishes. They are usually at home in the evening and watch TV in the living-room.

B

Tonight Pat and Mrs Johnson are very busy. They are sitting in the living-room. Pat is doing her homework and Mrs Johnson is writing a letter to Henry. Only Mr Johnson is not busy. He is sitting near the fire and watching an interesting programme on TV.

C

The telephone is ringing. Henry: Hallo, Mother. How are you? Mrs Johnson: Hallo, Henry! I can't hear you very well. How are you? Henry: Fine, thank you. Can you hear me now? Mrs Johnson: Yes, it's all right now. Henry: What are you all doing? Mrs Johnson: Well, Pat is doing her homework and I'm just writing a letter to you. Father is watching TV. You know he always does that in the evening. Henry: Mother, I'm coming home for the weekend. Mrs Johnson: I'm so glad. Do you want to speak to Father? He's just coming. See you tomorrow then. Bye-bye.

Days of the Week: MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY

31

UNIT 7

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Present Continuous Tense Positive

Sentences am

I Henry He

writing a letter is

watching TV

Pat She You We The

now. are

working hard

boys They Negative

Sentences am not (‘m not) is hot working (isn't) sitting

I He She We You They

are not (aren't)

now. writing

Questions Am

I

Is

Henry he Pat she

Are

you we they

Short answers Positive you he she I Yes, we you they

32

working now? watching TV

Negative are. is. am. are.

No,

you he she I we you they

aren't. isn't. 'm not. aren't.

UNIT 7

Present Continuous Tense = Present of “to be” + the “-ing form” Observe how we make the »-ing forms«. watch -ing = watching sit -ing = sitting write -ing = writing The Present Continuous Tense tells us what people are doing just now. Note: Observe the use of the Present Continuous Tense for the future. Henry is coming home for the weekend. John isn't going to his office tomorrow. EXERCISING

I.

Use the Present Continuous Tense. Example: She is in the classroom now. (teach) She is teaching. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

II.

He is in his office now. (work) They are in the living-room now. (watch TV) We are in the classroom now. (do exercises) Ann is in the kitchen now. (cook dinner) You are in the room now. (sit) I am at my desk now. (write) Pat is in her room now. (do homework) We are in the coffee bar now. (have coffee) Helen is at home now. (clean the flat) We are in the kitchen now. (wash the dishes) The secretary is in the office now. (type letters) I am near the window now. (open the window) They are at school now. (read) John is in Oxford Street now. (go home)

Make questions using »too« and give short answers. Example: I'm going to school, (you) Are you going to school, too? Yes, I am. I No, I'm not. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

She is washing the dishes. (Pat) Bill is watching TV. (the children) I'm working, (you) Mr Cabot is going to his office, (you) She is sitting, (they) Pat is doing homework. (Kate) Pat is helping Mrs Johnson now. (Henry) Ann is writing a letter, (her husband) John's having a drink, (you) The secretary is typing a letter. (Mr Cabot) Henry is coming home, (his father) The Johnsons are leaving, (their friends) Ann is cleaning the house. (Helen) Bill is opening the window, (you)

33

UNIT 7

III.

Ask questions in the Simple Present Tense using “often”. Example: Ann's going to Paris. Does she often go to Paris? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

HOME

IV.

She is teaching foreign students. Bill is washing the dishes now. They are going to London. She is just answering the telephone. The children are watching TV. Father is sitting in the armchair. The telephone is ringing now. Pat is helping her mother now. Ann is cleaning the house now. Henry is coming home for the weekend. The students are speaking English now. Mr Cabot is working hard. Ann is making a big dinner. The students are doing exercises now.

Questions

a) 1. What does Mrs Johnson usually do in the morning? 2. Where does Mr Johnson work? 3. What do they often do in the evening? 4. What are Pat and Mrs Johnson doing now? 5. What is Mr Johnson watching on TV? 6. Who is coming home for the weekend? b) 1. What time do you usually have dinner? 2. Who washes the dishes at your house? 3. What do you usually do in the evening? 4. Do you often watch TV? 5. Are you watching TV now? 6. What are you doing now? V.

Write these sentences in the right tense (Simple Present or Present Continuous). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

34

Pat always (do homework) in the afternoon. She (speak) on the telephone now. The Cabots just (come) home. Bill usually (watch) TV in the evening. The secretary (type) a business letter People often (consult) Mr Cabot

UNIT 7

VI.

Make sentences telling us what these people usually do and what they are doing now. Example: John /always / the office / 9 o'clock / 9 o'clock now / ........... John always comes to the office at 9 o'clock. It's 9 o'clock now. He is coming to the office. 1. Pat / usually / school / 8.30 // 8.30 now / ........................ 2. My husband / often / TV / 7.30 p.m. // 7.30 p.m. now / ................. 3. The Johnsons / usually / dinner / 6 o'clock // 6 o'clock now / ....................................... 4. The secretary / always / business letters / in the morning // 11 o'clock a.m. now / ....... ............................... 5. We / often / a drink / 5 p.m. // 5 p.m. now / ........................... 6. My father / usually / home / 6 o'clock / 6 o'clock now / ................

VII. Read this and answer the questions. Mr Johnson is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. Many people come to consult him. Just now he is in front of the TV. There is a glass of sherry in his hand. 1. 2. 3. 4.

What does Mr Johnson do? Where does he work? Is he working now? What is he doing now?

35

UNIT 8

SUNDAY AT THE JOHNSONS’ Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Sunday at the Johnsons’ Questions with Question Words Prepositions

Exercising READING

A

On Sundays the Johnsons usually sleep late. They don't get up before 9. They wash or take a shower in the bathroom. Then they have breakfast together. They usually eat bread and butter, or toast, fried eggs and bacon, and drink tea or coffee. Pat sometimes has a piece of cake, too. Henry often comes home from Oxford and spends the weekend with his family. After breakfast Henry washes their car. Mr Johnson and Pat go for a walk while Mrs Johnson stays at home and cooks dinner. She always makes a big cake on Sundays. About 1 p.m. they are all hungry and thirsty and have dinner.

B

Today is Sunday. It is 9.30 in the morning. Mr Johnson is already up and is dressing but Henry is still in bed. Mrs Johnson is making tea in the kitchen while Pat is brushing her teeth in the bathroom.

C

It is 8.30 in the evening. Henry is putting on his grey suit, a white shirt and his new shoes. He is going out. Pat is too young to go out. She is going to bed. Her parents are in, too. Mr Johnson is smoking a cigarette and listening to the news on the radio. His wife is reading a newspaper.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Questions with Question Words What, who, whose, which, where, when, what time, why, how are question words. Mr Cabot's secretary writes many letters at the office every morning. What What Where does When How many letters

36

do write write Mr Cabot's secretary write write

every morning? every morning? letters? letters? at the office every morning?

Who Whose secretary

many letters every morning?

writes

UNIT 8

When a question word is the subject of the question there is no question form of the verb.

Prepositions In, on, at, under, in front of, behind, between, near, before, after, until are prepositions. Observe the questions with prepositions at the end: Ivan's clock is under the bed. What is Ivan's clock under? The boys are behind the girls. Who are the boys behind? He is sitting near the fire. What's he sitting near? He is listening to the news. What is he listening to? Milan is from Prijedor. Where is he from? I.

Answer using the Present Continuous Tense. Example: Do you often work hard? No, I don't, but I'm working hard now.

EXERCISING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. II.

Do the Cabots often have guests? Does Henry come home every weekend? Do you often answer questions? Does Pat always help her mother? Do the children clean their shoes every day? Do you often talk to your teacher? Do the students always work hard? Does Henry go out every night? Do Bill and John often have a drink? Do we sit in the classroom all the time? Does Henry wash the car every Sunday? Do you speak English every day? Does Mrs Cabot teach every afternoon? Do the Johnsons stay at home every evening?

Ask questions with the preposition at the end. Example: He isn't looking at the blackboard. What is he looking at? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

He isn't talking about his work. The book isn't on the table. He isn't looking at Margaret. She isn't sitting near me. He doesn't come from London. He isn't putting on his suit. He never goes out with his family. They aren't listening to the news. His bed isn't near the window. She isn't talking to her son. He isn't thinking about his work. He isn't coming with his wife. They aren't from Bosnia and Herzegovina. She isn't listening to Unit 8.

37

UNIT 8

III.

Group work

a) Ask your friend four questions about what he/she usually does on Sundays, using WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHAT, WHY, HOW LONG, and b) tell the class about it. IV.

Pair Work Ask your friend six questions to fill in this form. Use the question words WHAT, WHERE, HOW OLD. 1. First name(s)

.....................................................

2. Family name

.....................................................

3. Nationality

..........................................................

4. Address.................................................................... 5. Occupation 6. Age HOME

V.

VI.

.........................................................

......................................................................

Questions a)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

When do the Johnsons get up on Sundays? What do they usually have for breakfast? Who often comes home for the weekend? Where do Mr Johnson and Pat go after breakfast? Where is Henry going this Sunday evening? Why isn't Pat going out?

b)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What time do you get up on Sundays? ; What do you usually do after breakfast? Who usually cooks for you? ' Do you sometimes watch TV on Sunday evening? Where are you going after your English class today? What do you usually do after your English class?

Make questions with the question words in brackets and pre positions. Example: I often write to my friend. (Who) Who do you often write to? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

38

I want to speak to Mr Cabot. (Who) I am just putting on my shoes. (What) I always listen to 7 o'clock news. (What) I'm from Bosnia and Herzegovina. (Where) I want to talk to Mr Ilic. (Who) My book is under the desk. (What) The matches are in the box. (What) I'm looking at your homework. (What)

'

UNIT 8

VII. What? Who?

Where? When?

A friend is talking to you on the telephone but you can't hear him/her well. Example: Henry is coming home on Sunday.................................? Who is coming home on Sunday? 1. Mary is leaving......................................? 2. She is going to Paris ....................................? 3. She is leaving on Sunday.............. : ...................... ? 4. She sometimes goes there for the weekend .............................. ? 5. Jane often goes with her .................................... ? 6. I am going with her to Paris, too........................................ ?

VIII. Complete these sentences using “too” before the adjective. Example: I can't put on these shoes because ... (old) I can't put on these shoes because they are too old. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

IX.

Pat doesn't go out in the evening because . . . This room isn't comfortable because ... We can't do this exercise now because ... She can't clean all the house because . . . I can't do it just now because .... His father doesn't work because ...

(young) (small) (late) (big) (tired) (old)

Use the right preposition. Dear John, I can't write ........... you very often because I am very busy here ............. London. I get up ............ 7.30 ....................... the morning. Then I go ............ my English classes. I have got a nice room. It is ................ 10, Oxford Street, .............. my school. I often listen the news before I go ............... bed. ................ Sundays I usually go out ................ Ivan and his .................... English friends. Milan

39

UNIT 9

GOING TO HYDE PARK Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Going to Hyde Park Must – Needn’t – Mustn’t Imperative

Exercising READING

A B

C

LANGUAGE FOCUS

London is a big city. There are many large and beautiful parks in it. Hyde Park is one of them. Many people go there on Saturdays and Sundays and spend the whole afternoon in »the park. They walk there, play games or just sit on the grass. It's a beautiful Sunday morning. Pat wants to go to Hyde Park with her mother. Mrs Johnson can't go for a walk with Pat because she must cook Sunday dinner. Pat's brother Henry needn't wash the car this weekend but he doesn't want to go out with his sister because he must look after her all the time. Pat is a little girl, she mustn't run about too much, she mustn't sit on the grass too long ... Besides, Henry wants to go out with Margaret today. Mr Johnson is coming into the kitchen. Pat: It's a beautiful day today. Let's go to Hyde Park, Father. Mr Johnson: Why not? It's a very good idea, Pat. Is Henry coming, too? Pat: No, he is not. He doesn't want to go for a walk with me. He's meeting Margaret. Henry: Now, don't be silly, Pat. Pat: It's true. Must he go out with her every Sunday? Mrs Johnson: Stop talking, Pat, and get ready. Put on your coat and your black shoes. And don't sit on the grass too long. Pat: Oh, mother, stop it, please. I'm not a baby. Mr Johnson: All right, all right. Are you ready, Pat? I'm waiting for you. Come on. Mrs Johnson: Bye-bye. Bill, don't forget to shut the door. And don't lose the key.

Must — Needn't — Mustn't Positive Sentences I, you Pat, we They

must

go now.

Questions Must

Can

40

I, you Pat, we they I, you Henry, we they

go now?

smoke here?

Short answers I, you Yes, she, we they I, you No, she, we they I, you No, he, we they

must.

needn’t.

mustn’t.

UNIT 9

Imperative Positive Form Negative form Look after Pat, Henry. Open the door, please.

Let

me Pat her him us them

Don’t

come in.

Don’t

sit go

let

on my grass. home, Pat. me Pat John him us them

sit down.

Note 1: Observe the use of the Imperative and Must. Shut the door. shut the door. You must Get ready now. get ready now. Don't lose the key. Don't be late.

You mustn’t

lose the key. be late.

Note 2: Observe the use of »-let's« for suggestions. Let's go for a walk. Let's have a drink. EXERCISING

I.

Answer this. Use “must” or “needn't”. Example: Must you go to your office now?

Yes, I must. No, I needn't.

1. Must you see the doctor today? 2. Must the students do their homework now? 3. Must Henry go to Oxford tonight? 4. Must she wash the dishes now? 5. Must I type that letter now? 6. Must Pat help her mother now? 7. Must we go to school today? 8. Must you meet the Cabots now? 9. Must Mrs Johnson make a cake now? 10. Must we write a dictation now? 11. Must you go to Karlovac today? 12. Must Ivan do this exercise now? 13. Must Henry wash the car this weekend? 14. Must she open that bottle now? II.

Ask and answer. Use “can” in questions and “mustn't” in answers, Example: we I smoke here Can we smoke here?

No, you mustn't.

1. Pat / sit on the grass too long 2. I / smoke in the lab 41

UNIT 9

3. Ivan / be late to school 4. small children / go to bed very late 5. Pat / run about too much 6. you / sleep at work 7. the secretary / leave at 11 8. little babies / drink sherry 9. children / play with matches 10. Bill / leave the door open 11. Mary / come to work at 10.30 12. Pat / watch TV late at night 13. Henry / smoke too much 14. children / play with fire III.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

IV.

Make sentences using the imperatives. Example: your books Open your books. the door 8. the dishes your homework 9. a letter to your friend the window 10. down on this chair to the park 11. the telephone, please home 12. these letters a drink 13. the car 14. your notebooks for a walk

Tell these people what to do and what not to do. Example: Pat must put on her shoes. Put on your shoes, Pat. Pat mustn't sit on the grass. Don't sit on the grass, Pat. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

42

Bill must shut the door. Pat mustn't run about too much. You mustn't be late to school tomorrow. Henry must look after Pat. John mustn't smoke too much. Pat must stop talking. Bill mustn't lose the key. You must go to school now. Helen mustn't work too much. Milan mustn't do his homework now. Ann must get ready now. Henry mustn't leave the door open. Pat must eat her dinner. Mary mustn't play with fire.

UNIT 9

V.

Suggest what to do using “let's”. Example: There is a good programme on TV. Let's watch it.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. T. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

We are hungry. We are thirsty. It's very late. It's a beautiful day today. The door is open. We are tired. This is a very good book. They are waiting for us. The window is open. The glasses are not very clean. The cake is on the table. This is a nice park. The cigarettes are on the table. The tea is ready.

VI.

Questions a)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Where is Hyde Park? What do many people do there? Who is going to Hyde Park today? Why can't Mrs Johnson go out? Must Henry wash the car this weekend? What mustn't Pat do in the park?

b)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Must you work this Saturday? What do you usually do on Saturday afternoons? Where do you like to go for a walk? Are there many parks in this town? Which park do you sometimes go to? Why do people go to the park?

VII.

Change these sentences using the imperative. Example: He wants to go home. Let him go home. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

I want to watch television. They want to consult Mr Cabot. We want to go for a walk. The secretary wants to type that letter. He wants to have a drink. She wants to come and see us. Mr Johnson wants to read the newspaper.

43

UNIT 10

IN THE STREET Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

In the street Ordinal Numbers Have to, Should Defective Verbs

Exercising READING

A

Ivan is on his way to the Johnsons. A policeman is standing on the corner and Ivan asks him the way to Victoria Street. Ivan: Policeman: Ivan: Policeman: Ivan: Policeman:

Ivan: Policeman: Ivan:

B

Excuse me, please. Can you tell me the way to Victoria Street? I can't find it on this map. Well, walk down this road and turn left at the second corner. Then walk to the river and ... The river? Yes. When you come to it, there is a bridge. You must cross it. Is it very far? It is rather far. Perhaps you should take a bus. There is a bus stop just round the corner. You have to take a 93. Sorry, which bus do I have to take? A ninety-three. Thank you very much.

On the bus Ivan: Bus conductor: Ivan: Bus conductor: Ivan:

Is this the right bus to Victoria Street? Yes. How much is the fare? 50 p. (taking the money out of his pocket): Here you are. Where should I get off? Bus conductor: At the third stop after this one. Ivan: Many thanks.

C

In the street Ivan: Passer-by: Ivan: Passer-by: Ivan:

44

Excuse me, is this Victoria Street? No, but it isn't very far from here. Turn left at the traffic lights and then go straight on. You can't miss it. Should I cross here? No, you needn't. Just walk down this street. Fine. My friends are expecting me at 6.30 and I shouldn't be late.

UNIT 10

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Ordinal Numbers 1stnd 2 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th

the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the

16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 1000th

first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth

the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the

sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth thousandth

Have to, Should Positive Sentences

Negative sentences

You have to do your homework. You should do your homework.

You don't have to do your homework. You needn't do your homework. You shouldn't sit on the grass.

Defective Verbs Must and Should Positive Sentences I, you must Pat, we should They

Questions go

Negative Sentences I, you need not He, Pat (needn’t) They, we

go

now.

I, you Must Henry, Should we, they

now.

I, you Pat, he We, they

shouldn’t mustn’t

go

now.

be late.

Note 1: Can, must, should, needn't are defective verbs. Use the infinitive without »to« after these verbs. Note 2: Observe the question form and the negative form of »have to«. Do you have to work on Sundays? I don't have to work on Sundays. One — Ones Singular: I want a small house and my wife wants a big one. Plural: There are five houses in my street, two big ones and three small ones. 45

UNIT 10

EXERCISING

I.

Say what you or other people should do. Example: Pat I her homework Pat should do her homework. 1. Mrs Johnson / the dishes 2. the secretary / those letters 3. you / this exercise 4. Helen / her doctor 5. Ivan / the bridge 6. Pat / a big breakfast 7. Mr Johnson / his hospital 8. Henry / his sister 9. you / the newspaper 10. the children / their shoes 11. Pat / her coat 12. we /the news 13. Ann / Sunday dinner 14. Ivan / a bus

II.

Say what you or other people shouldn't do. Example: The students often smoke in the classroom. They shouldn't smoke in the classroom. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

III.

Pat sometimes goes to bed late. Two small children are crossing that busy road. I smoke too many cigarettes. Pat is playing with matches. The teacher gives the students too much homework to do. You are often late for your English class. Mr Cabot works too much. Jane sometimes stays in bed until eleven. The children are sitting on the grass. Henry wants to go out every night. I sometimes drink too much coffee in the evening. You eat too much bread. Those students are sleeping in the lab. She is talking all the time.

Make questions using »have to«. Example: Clean your shoes. Do I have to clean them? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

46

Let's go home. Put on your coat. Let Pat wash the dishes. Cross the road at the traffic lights. Let the students ask questions. Let the secretary type that letter.

UNIT 10

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. IV.

Give me your homework. Let's go to the park. Let Pat eat that cake. Watch that programme. Let them do that exercise. Answer the telephone. Let's go for a walk. Wash those small glasses.

Say what you or other people have or don't have to do. Example: Pat I do her homework every day. Pat has to do her homework every day. you I work 10 hours a day 1 don't have to work 10 hours a day. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

V.

Helen / work in the afternoon you / get up at six every day small children / go to bed at eight I / work on Saturdays he / wash his car every day parents / look after their children I / stay here until 11 p.m. Pat / go to school every day you / wash your hands before dinner housewives / go to work in the morning Henry / help his mother in the kitchen students / speak English at school you / consult your doctor every week people / eat every day

Questions a) 1. Where is Ivan going? 2. Who can tell him the way to Victoria Street? 3. Which bus should he take? 4. How much is the fare to Victoria Street? 5. Where must he get off? 6. Can he get to Victoria Street in 20 minutes? b) 1. Which is the second day of the week? 2. Which is the fifth day of the week? 3. Which is the seventh day of the week? 4. Whkh is the first day of the week? 5. Which is the fourth day of the week? 6. How many days are there in a week?

VI. Answer these questions. Example: Do you have to go to school every day? No, I don't but I have to go there today.

47

UNIT 10

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. VII.

Do you have to work hard every day? Does Bill have to go to his hospital every day? Do the students have to do exercises every day? Does the secretary have to work until six every day? Do you have to do homework every day? Does Henry have to look after Pat every day?

Tell me what I should do. Example: This is a very interesting book. You should read it. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

It's seven o'clock already. I'm very tired. We have guests tonight. I'm very thirsty. The telephone is ringing. Dinner is ready.

VIII. Change these sentences using »have to«. Example: You should work hard. You have to work hard. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. IX.

He must get ready now. Henry should write to his mother. They must do homework every day. You should take a bus. Henry should look after Pat. We must go home now.

Put in “must”, “needn't”, “mustn't”, “should”, “can”, “can't”. (Ivan is going to the Johnsons) Ivan ....... get ready now. He ........... be late. He .......... walk all the way, because it's too far. He ............ take a bus. He ........... get off at the third stop. He .......... walk from there because it's very near. He .............. take another bus.

X.

Complete these sentences using »one« or »ones«. Example: Pat has a new dress and two old ............... Pat has a new dress and two old ones. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

48

There are three houses there, a big ......... and two small .......... Should I get off at the next stop? No, get off at the second .......... I can see a yellow dress and five white ............... They have got 3 rooms, a large ........... and two small........... Which shoes do you want? Give me those black ................ Which is your classroom? The third ............. on the left.

UNIT 11

IVAN VISITS THE JOHNSONS Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Ivan visits the Johnsons Comparative of Adjectives As ... As

Exercising Ivan: Mrs Johnson: Ivan: Mrs Johnson: Ivan: Mrs Johnson: Ivan:

READING

A

Mrs Johnson:

Good afternoon, Mrs Johnson. Hello, Ivan. Do come in. Sorry I'm late. It's all right. Is it still raining? Yes. The weather is bad and it's very cold. Is it as cold as yesterday? -4 Oh, it's even colder than yesterday. But it's nice and warm in here. Take off your coat and let's have tea. After that we can show you the house.

B

Johnsons have got a pleasant family house. It is rather small but very comfortable. There are three rooms on the ground floor and four upstairs. When you enter the house there is a small hall. The kitchen and the dining room are on the left and the living--room is on the right. Their kitchen is small but very modern. The dining room is larger than the kitchen and more comfortable. Their living-room is the largest and the most comfortable room in the house. Through the window you can see their garden with many flowers and three apple trees in it. Their garage is there, too. There are three bedrooms and a bathroom on the first floor. Pat's bedroom is as big as Henry's but their parents' room is much bigger. The bathroom is the smallest room in the house.

C

Mrs Johnson and Pat are showing Ivan the house. Mrs Johnson: And this is Henry's room. It is rather small, isn't it? Pat: And rather dirty and untidy. Look! His bag is open and his letters, his pictures and his writing paper are all over the floor again. (In Pat's room) And this is my room, Ivan. It is tidier than Henry's, isn't it? And more comfortable, too. I don't leave my things on the floor, do I, Mummy? Mrs Johnson: Of course not. You are the tidiest little girl I know. What's the weather like?

It

is isn't

raining cold fine warm a fine day

today.

Note: Observe the use of »it« when we speak about the weather. 49

UNIT 11

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Comparison of Adjectives Oxford is a large town. Birmingham is larger (than Oxford). London is the largest town in England. Comparative: ---------- (e)r

Superlative:

The -------- (e)st

This chair is comfortable. The armchair is more comfortable (than the chair). Pat's bed is the most comfortable (of all). Comparative: more ---------Superlative:

the most --------

Use »the« with all superlatives. Note: Observe the comparative and superlative of these adjectives: big — bigger — the biggest busy — busier — the busiest

As ... As Ivan is as tall as Henry. (He's not taller than Henry) Pat's room is as small as Henry's. (It is not smaller than Henry's room) We use was “as ... as” when two persons or things are not different. Note: Observe the use of “do” and “does” in these sentences. Can I come in? John works very hard.

Of course, do come in. Yes, he does work hard.

Question — Tags

EXERCISING

A)

Expecting answer »yes« This is a nice room, isn't it? There are two rooms, aren't there? We can go now, can't we? He starts work at 9, doesn't he?

B)

Expecting answer »no« The Cabots aren't at home, are they? We shouldn't smoke so much, should we? They don't work on Sundays, do they? We haven't got much time, have we?

I.

Comparative practice Example: This room is very big. Yes, but that one is bigger. 1. This park is very large. 2. This girl is very pretty.

50

UNIT 11

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. II.

This chair is very comfortable. This bathroom is untidy. This drink is very cold. This room is very small. This woman is very nice. This desk is very tidy. This flat is very comfortable. This house is very big. This man is very old. This flower is beautiful. This coat is very warm. This woman is young.

Superlative Practice Example: This table is very small. Yes. This is the smallest table. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

III.

This house is very large. This picture is very pretty. This town is beautiful. This car is very big. This man is very busy. This armchair is very comfortable. This street is very long. This park is very nice. This classroom is very big. This room is very tidy. This garden is very nice. This dress is beautiful. This school is large. This book is interesting.

Question-tag Practice Example: He is English. He is English, isn't he? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

He always comes on time. We are very busy. It's very cold in here. Many people consult Mr Cabot. They have got a comfortable house. The students must do their homework. Helen is working hard. Pat often helps her mother. The secretary can type well. They often watch TV.

51

UNIT 11

11. We can go now. 12. The Cabots are nice people. 13. Their garden is beautiful. 14. We should cross here. IV.

Question-tag Practice Example: They never go for a walk. No, they don't, do they? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

HOME

V.

We don't want it. He isn't English. They can't wash the dishes now. Henry isn't very tidy. Pat shouldn't sit on the grass. The students aren't going to the lab now. Ivan mustn't be late. There aren't many people in the lab. They don't live very far. She doesn't watch TV every day. We haven't got much homework to do. They never go to work on Saturdays. He doesn't work on Sundays. They don't like this programme.

Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Where is the Johnsons' house? What is it like? How many rooms have they got on the ground floor? Which is the most comfortable room in the house? , Which is the smallest room in their house? Is Pat's bedroom bigger than Henry's? .,.. 1

VI. a) You are reading about this house in the newspapers. Ask as many questions as you can to get more details about it. Use »Where? What . . . like? How many?«, etc. »WembIey. Small house near shops and buses. Hall, large living-room, modern kitchen/breakfast room, two big bedrooms, bathroom, central heating, garden at the back«. b) Write 5 to 10 true sentences about the place where you live.

52

UNIT 11

VII. Put in the right form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Henry is (old) than Pat. This is a very (busy) street. These flowers are (beautiful) than those. London is (big) than Banja Luka. The living-room is (comfortable) room in their house. Today is (cold) day this week.

VIII. Answer these questions using »as ... as«. Example: Is your new car small? Yes, it's as small as the old one. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. IX.

Is your new classroom large? Is their new house comfortable? Is his new secretary good? Is the new TV programme interesting? Is their new teacher nice? Is Pat's new dress pretty?

Add the right question-tag. 1. Mr Cabot's office is in town, ......................? 2. Mrs Cabot isn't a housewife, ................. ? 3. Pat often goes for a walk, ..................... ? 4. Mr Cabot never starts work before 9, ...................? 5. The students can go home now, ................... ? 6. You don't live far from here, ....................... ?

X.

Write sentences with these question-tags at the end. Example:..................................., isn't it? It's cold here, isn't it? 1 ................................... , don't they? 2 ................................... , hasn't she? 3. ................................ , aren't they? 4 ...................... . ........... , can't she? 5 ................................... , doesn't she? 6 ........................ .......... , isn't she?

53

UNIT 12

GOING SHOPPING Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Shopping Many – Few, A lot of, Much - Little Some – Any - No

Exercising In the street Mrs Cabot:

READING

A

Good morning, Ann. How are you?

Mrs Johnson: Not too well, I'm afraid. I've got a bad cold. Mrs Cabot:

Oh, I'm sorry. You shouldn't go out in this weather.

Mrs Johnson: I know, but we have guests to dinner and I must buy a lot of things. Mrs Cabot:

Oh, I see. Are there many good shops around here?

Mrs Johnson: No, there are few. There is a very good supermarket two blocks from here. But as I haven't got much time I'm going to the small grocery store at the corner of our street. They also sell fruit and vegetables. The shop is very clean. Are you shopping, too? Mrs Cabot:

B

LANGUAGE FOCUS

At the grocery store Grocer: Good morning, madam. Can I help you? Mrs Johnson: Yes. I need a lot of things. First, I want a bottle of milk, some sugar and some eggs. And of course, some flour. I haven't got any at home. Then, er... (looking at her shopping list) I also need a little butter and a few lemons. And ... Grocer:

I'm very sorry, madam, but we have no lemons at the moment. I can offer you some nice fresh oranges instead.

Mrs Johnson:

No, thank you. I don't need any oranges ... But I would like some cooking chocolate. Have you got any?

Grocer:

Certainly, madam. Here it is.

Mrs Johnson:

Good. You see I can't make a chocolate cake without chocolate. Oh, I mustn't forget. I also need some coffee, a little cheese and ... a packet of tea. Well, I think that's all.

Many — Few, A lot of, Much — Little We've got

54

No, I'm on my way to school. There is a lot of work to do these days and I have very little free time. I must hurry now. Bye-bye.

a lot of many few

friends. books. apples.

UNIT 12

Use A LOT OF, MANY, FEW with plural count nouns.

We've got

a lot of much little

coffee. bread. time.

Use A LOT.QE, MUCH, LITTLE, with mass nouns. Note: Do not use a lot of in negative sentences. I've got a lot of coffee. I haven't got much coffee. I've got a lot of friends. I haven't got many friends. EXERCISING

I.

Ask questions using “how much” or “how many” and let other students answer them. Example: books How many books have you got? I've got many I few books. tea 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

II.

How much tea have you got? I've got much I little tea.

coffee cakes butter rooms pens bread money

.

8. vegetables 9. fruit 10. sherry 11. good friends 12. shirts 13. time 14. appointments

Ask and answer. Example: students I classroom Are there many students in the classroom? No, there are very few. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

III.

matches / box tea / cup notebooks / desk fruit / grocery store children / school chairs / living-room bread / table

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

trees / garden people / park water / bottle cars / street vegetables / shop books / floor butter / plate

Correct these statements. 1. 2. 3. 4.

It's good for Mrs Johnson to go out in bad weather. The Johnsons are going out tonight. There are many good shops near Ann's house. Mrs Johnson has got a lot of time and is going to a big super market. 5. The supermarket is near her house. 6. Mrs Cabot needn't go to work and is going shopping with her friend.

55

UNIT 12

IV.

Put in “many”, “much” and “a lot of”. 1. Are there ................. things on the table? 2. There are ............... vegetables, but there isn't ......... fruit. 3. Have you got ..............

friends? Yes, I've got .......... friends.

4. We have ................ coffee, but we haven't got .................. tea. 5. You can't see ................. people in the street at night. 6. Henry spends ................ money on books. V.

Use “very little” or “very few” where necessary. Example: He has only two or three friends in London. He has very few friends in London. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

He smokes about two cigarettes every day. She drinks one glass of water every day. He spends only two evenings at h«me- every week. She writes about two letters every year. I drink one cup of coffee every morning. They can't buy many things, because they haven't got much money.

Some (a little, a few) — Any — No Positive Sentences is

(a little) some (a few)

There are

coffee butter books students

here.

Questions coffee butter

Is there

any

books students

Are

Negative Sentences There isn't

any

aren't There

is are

here?

coffee

here.

students no

coffee

here.

students

Use SOME, ANY, NO with count nouns in plural and with mass nouns.

56

UNIT 12

Observe the short answers:

Have you got any matches?

Yes, I've got

one. a few. some.

I haven't got any. I've got no matches. Have you got any coffee?

Yes, I've got

a little. some.

we haven't got any. we've got no coffee. Note: Observe the use of a few and a little. a few matches a little milk EXERCISING

I.

[

some

matches milk

Ask and answer. Example: chairs I your room Are there any chairs in your room? Yes, there is one I there are some. butter I the kitchen Is there any butter in the kitchen? Yes, there is some.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. II.

students / the classroom sugar / your tea lemons / the table books / her desk fruit / the plate people / the street flowers / the table

8. matches / the box 9. milk / the bottle 10. girls/ the classroom 11. flour / this box 12. children / the park 13. cheese / the table 14. men / the car

“Have some” — “I don't want any”. Example: Teacher: tea . 1st student: Have some tea. 2nd student: No, thank you. I don't want any. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

coffee bread more sugar eggs fruit apples bread and butter

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

milk cheese tea toast sherry fried bacon more cake

57

UNIT 12

III.

Ask and answer. Use »any« in questions and “a few” or “a little” in your answers. Example: bread / cakes Have you got any bread? No, but I've got a few cakes. 1. lemons / oranges 8. brown bread / white bread 2. toast / bread 9. bacon / eggs 3. cups / glasses 10. coffee / tea 4. sherry / mineral water 11. matches / cigarettes 5. cakes / chocolate 12. knives / forks 6. flour / sugar 13. milk / butter 7. notebooks / writing paper 14. oranges / apples

HOME

IV.

You are having some guests to tea. Write down which of these things you need and which you don't need. Use “a”, “a few”, “a little”, “some” and “any”. fruit packet of tea blackboard cups butter lemons bread bacon sugar flour notebooks vegetables bottle of milk cakes plates I need ..... ...........

V.

I don't need .................

Put in “some”, “any” or “no”. 1. Henry has ............... good books. 2. We can't go shopping. I have ................... money with me. 3. Are there ................ shops near your house? 4. There aren't ................ supermarkets in this street. 5. Are there ................. people in the street? 6. There are ................ women and ............. men but ................. children.

VI.

Complete the sentences using the right word from the list. coffee packet of tea glasses fruit bottle of milk sugar people 1. There is a ................. in the kitchen. 2. There is also some .................. there. 3. There are a few ................... on the small table. 4. There is a little ................... in my cup. 5. There are a few .................. in the room. 6. I need a .................. and a little .....................

58

UNIT 13

GOING OUT Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Exercising In the street READING

A

Jane: Ivan: Jane: Ivan: Jane: Ivan: Jane: Ivan: Jane: Ivan:

B

C

Going out Paste Tense of “to be” Paste Tense of “to have” Paste Tense of “can” Hello, Ivan. How are you? Fine, thank you. What about you? I was at your place yesterday but you weren't in. I had some books for you. Oh, I'm sorry but Margaret and I were very busy at the library. Are you free this evening? Would you like to go out with me? I'd love to. Let's go to the cinema. Yes, why not? What's on at the Odeon? »Detective Story«. I think it's a very good thriller. Yes, I remember now. I was there last Friday but couldn't get a ticket. Let's go and see it, then! Fine. And after that we can have a drink at the Black Horse. It's not far from the cinema.

At the pub A pub is a very popular place where British people meet to have a drink and chat. Pubs usually sell strong drinks but you can also buy soft drinks there. In many pubs you can get sandwiches and other snacks. Hello, Jane! Hello, Ivan! How nice to see you! Were you at the theatre? Ivan: No, we were at the cinema. Margaret: Was the film good? Jane: Yes, very good. Margaret: What was it about? Jane: It was a thriller about an American engineer and his wife. The actors were really excellent. Henry: Could you understand the English dialogue, Ivan? Ivan: Yes, I could. And, besides, Jane was there to help me. And where were you two? Henry: Well, Margaret and I were at the theatre but the play wasn't very interesting. Besides, we had seats at the back and I couldn't hear the actors at all. Margaret: Oh, Henry, you're never satisfied. Henry:

59

UNIT 13

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Present

Past

Henry is in London today. They usually have breakfast at 8.

He was at Oxford yesterday. They had breakfast at 8.30 yesterday.

We can always get cinema tickets.

They couldn't get the tickets last week.

Past Tense of »to be« Positive and Negative Sentences I Henry He Jane She We You Pat and Ivan They The boys

was wasn't

late at home

were

yesterday.

at Oxford

weren't

Questions Short Answers Was Bill at home yesterday? Was Pat at school yesterday? Was my bag in the classroom?

Yes, he was. No, he wasn't. Yes, she was. No, she wasn't. Yes, it was. No, it wasn't.

Were you in London last year?

Yes, I was. No, I wasn't. Yes, we were. No, we weren't.

Were the Cabots at the cinema? Were my cigarettes on the table?

Yes, they were. No, they weren't.

Past Tense of “to have” Positive Sentences I You Henry She We The Johnsons They

had

a big dinner

yesterday.

Note: For the questions and negative form of “to have” see Note 2, Unit 14.

60

UNIT 13

Past Tense of “can” Positive and Negative Sentences I You He Jane We The Cabots

could type

last year.

couldn't

Questions Short Answers Could you eat a lot when you were younger?

Yes, I could. No, I couldn't.

Could Ivan speak English last year?

Yes, he could. No, he couldn't.

Could they work harder when they were young?

Yes, they could. No, they couldn't.

Would you like ...? Would you like

I.

Yes,

I'd like to. I'd love to. please.

Use “was” or “were”. Example: Dinner was very good yesterday. the cakes: The cakes were very good yesterday. 1. the children 2. the film 3. the actors 4. the play 5. you 6. the weather 7. they

II.

I’d like ... to see my room? to go for a walk? a cup of coffee? an apple?

8. the programme 9. she 10. the news 11. that thriller 12. the vegetables 13. the students 14. his homework

Ask questions using “was” or “were”. Example: Mr Cabot is in his office today. Was he in his office yesterday? Yes, he was. I No, he wasn't. 1. You are busy now. 2. The weather is fine today. 3. Henry is in London this week. 4. Jane and Ivan are at the pub now. 5. His homework is very good today. 6. The students are at school this morning. 61

UNIT 13

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

It is rather cold today. I am tired today. We are at school now. The TV programme is excellent tonight. Mr Johnson is in his hospital today. Our seats are at the back this time. The children are very good this afternoon. I am satisfied with your work today.

III. Ask and answer. Example: they I guests Do they have guests today? No, but they had guests yesterday. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Pat / school Mrs Cabot / a lot of work to do the secretary / many letters to write you / any free time the students / much homework to do you / lunch at 11 a.m. she / dinner at home they / many exercises to do the grocer / any lemons Pat / much free time Ivan / a lot of mistakes we / many questions to answer they / any English newspapers Mrs Cabot / many classes

IV. Answer in the past tense. Example: Can you do it now? No, but I could do it when I was younger. 1. Can John walk a long way? 2. Can they sleep well? 3. Can she work very hard? 4. Can you eat a lot? 5. Can you smoke twenty cigarettes a day? 6. Can you drink a lot of coffee in the evening? 7. Can you sleep 12 hours? 8. Can she cook well? 9. Can he speak French well? 10. Can the secretary type all day long? 11. Can you drink a lot? 12. Can you go out every night? 13. Can you run well? 14. Can you work all day long?

62

UNIT 13

V.

Ask questions with “would you like” and answer with “I'd like to” or “Yes, please”. Example: go to the cinema Would you like to go to the cinema? Yes, I'd like to. a cup of coffee Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

VI.

go for a walk watch TV a glass of sherry visit London go shopping a cup of tea . another cake

8. go to the theatre 9. come to the pub with me 10. a soft drink 11. go out tonight 12. an egg for breakfast 13. a glass of milk 14. consult the doctor

Questions a) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Who was at Jane's place yesterday? Was Jane at home? Where was she? Where are they going tonight? What is on at the Odeon? Why couldn't Ivan see “Detective Story” last week?

b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Do you often go to the cinema? When were you at the cinema last time? What was on? Was the film good? What was it about? Who were the actors?

.

VII. Make sentences with these words. Example: Pat, a lot of homework, yesterday Pat had a lot of homework yesterday. Henry, cinema, last night Henry was at the cinema last night. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

the Johnsons, at home, last night they, a drink, a pub, yesterday the secretary, a lot of work, office, yesterday I, the theatre, last Sunday Ivan, London, last year Bill, a big breakfast, this morning

63

UNIT 13

VIII. Add question-tags. 1. Ivan's friends were at the theatre, ......... ? 2. The play was interesting, ...............? 3. Their seats were at the back, ........... ? 4. They could see the actors well, .......... ? 5. They couldn't hear so well, ...........? 6. Henry wasn't satisfied, .............? IX. a) Put in »was«, »were«, »had«, »could«. There .. ..... many people in Mr Cabot's office yesterday. He very busy. He .......... not see them all. He ............. see only a few. The secretary ......... a lot of work to do, too. There ............... eight business letters to type, but she ........... type only six. At 5 o'clock they ........ very tired. b) Now ask 4 questions starting with Who? Could? How many? When? X.

64

Write 3 true sentences about where you were last week and 3 sentences about what you couldn't do last week.

UNIT 14

A VISIT TO WINDSOR OVERVIEW

READING

A

Reading Visiting Windsor Language focus Simple Past Tense – Regular Verb Exercising Last Sunday the weather was very good and Henry and Ivan decided to go for an outing. Henry wanted to show Ivan the country round London. He asked Jane and Margaret to join them but the girls didn't finish their1 work and stayed at home. They travelled by train to Windsor and Henry showed Ivan the castle and some other old buildings there. Then they walked across the fields and in the Woods, and had a picnic lunch near the river. The two young men talked about their studies and Henry invited Ivan to come and visit him at Oxford. About noon it started to rain so they hurried back to town. They had a cup of coffee in a small and pleasant restaurant. At 5 o'clock they were at the railway station, ready to return to London.

B

Mrs Cabot Ivan: Mrs Cabot Ivan: Mrs Cabot Ivan: Mrs Cabot Ivan:

What did you do last Sunday, Ivan? Well, Henry and I visited Windsor. Did you like it? Oh, yes, very much. How did you go there? By car? No, we didn't drive there. We travelled by train. It was a very pleasant day-trip. What was the weather like? It wasn't too bad. It rained a little about noon but we didn't mind

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Simple Past Tense — Regular Verbs Ann stays at home in the morning. I usually travel by train.

She stayed at home yesterday. I travelled by bus yesterday.

Note 1. Observe the Simple Past Tense in the following examples: They joined /d/ their friends yesterday. They worked ItI hard yesterday. He wanted /id/ to learn French last year. They decided /id/ to learn French. He hurried /id/ to work yesterday. They stopped It/ work at 6 yesterday.

65

UNIT 14

Positive Sentences I You Henry She We The Johnsons Negative Sentences I You did not He Pat (didn't) We They Questions

stayed at home

yesterday.

worked hard

last week.

stay at home

yesterday.

work hard

last week.

you Henry stay at. home? we have lunch at 12? they

Did

Short Answers Yes, I did. Yes, he did. Yes, we did. Yes, they did.

No, I didn't. No, he didn't. No, we didn't. No, they didn't.

To make the Simple Past Tense, add -ed to regular verbs. The Simple Past Tense tells you that something happened in the past. It often comes with adverbs of past time like »yesterday«, »last week« etc. Note 2. They had some guests last week. Question: Had they any guests last week? Did they have any guests last week? Negative: They hadn't any guests last week. They didn't have any guests last week. TO HAVE can have two forms in questions and negative sentences. The forms with DID are more usual. EXERCISING

I.

Answer in the Past Tense. Example: She never stays at home on Sundays. But she stayed at home yesterday. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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They never invite friends to their house. She never works hard. They never have lunch at home. He never travels by train. Bill never returns home before 6. Her husband never washes the dishes. We never walk to school. John never types his letters.

UNIT 14

9. Pat never answers the telephone. 10. He is never late for work. 11. Henry never helps his mother. 12. They never talk about their friends. 13. We never hurry to work. 14. The children never watch TV in the evening. II.

Question Practice Example: I walked home on Monday. Oh, did you walk home on Tuesday, too? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

III.

I watched TV on Wednesday. He worked hard on Monday. Ann washed the dishes on Friday. I had two eggs for breakfast on Monday. Bill worked late on Tuesday. Ivan answered all the questions on Monday. We stayed at home on Saturday. They travelled by bus on Wednesday. Pat helped her mother on Saturday. I had fried eggs and bacon on Tuesday. It rained on Saturday. The children played in the park on Monday. We visited the Johnsons on Friday. We walked to school on Wednesday.

Make negative sentences. Example: by bus I to Karlovac I didn't travel by bus to Karlovac. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. IV.

TV / last night the dishes / yesterday in the park / yesterday a big breakfast / this morning hard / last week at home / on Sunday by car / to Plitvice all the questions / yesterday any guests / last week across the fields / on Sunday home /' late / yesterday any coffee / this morning by train / into the country a drink / yesterday

Answer in the Present Tense. Example: Mr Cabot walked to work yesterday. Yes, he often walks to work.

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UNIT 14

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. HOME

V.

John worked late last night. They listened to the radio last night. lvo travelled by train last Sunday. The secretary typed many letters yesterday. He had a big breakfast this morning. The children walked in the park yesterday. He was late last night. Pat washed the dishes yesterday. It rained in London last night. The Johnsons invited some friends to dinner yesterday. Bill smoked a lot last night. Mrs Cabot stayed at home last night. Pat did her homework at school yesterday. They had coffee after dinner yesterday.

Questions a) 1. Where did Henry and lvo decide to go last Sunday? 2. What did Henry want to show lvo? 3. How did they travel to Windsor? 4. What did they do there? 5. Why did they hurry back to town? 6. When were they at the railway station? b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

VI.

What was the weather like last weekend? Did you stay at home? What did you do? Did you visit any interesting places last week? Did you watch TV yesterday? Was there an interesting programme on?

Make these sentences negative. Example: They decided to go out. They didn't decide to go out. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Mrs Johnson invited Ivan to tea. Ivan turned left at the traffic lights. He showed me the right way. They travelled by car. I hurried to work yesterday. The Cabots had a cup of coffee after lunch.

VII. Choose the right tense (Present or Past). Example: We (work) hard last week. We worked hard last week. Pat (go) to school every day. Pat goes to school every day. .

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UNIT 14

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

It (rain) last night. Bill (watch) TV every evening. We (watch) a good film on TV last night. Mrs Johnson (cook) dinner every day. They (talk) about their work yesterday. The Cabots (stay) at home last Sunday.

VIII. Make questions to the following answers. Example: They travelled to Windsor by train. (How?) How did they travel to Windsor? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. IX.

He stopped working at 6.30 yesterday. (What time?) The children played last night. (What?) Mrs Johnson invited Ivan to dinner. (Who?) They had lunch in a small restaurant. (Where?) The teacher helped the students in the lab. (Who?) The weather was very bad yesterday. (What ... like?) She smoked five cigarettes last night. (How many?) I returned to Banja Luka on Tuesday. (When?)

Open Dialogue A: Did you visit any interesting places yesterday? B: ................................................................... A: ...................................................................? B: No, we didn't. We travelled by bus. A: ...................................................................? B: It wasn't too bad. It rained a little. ................................................................. ? A: No, I didn't. I stayed at home and watched TV.

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UNIT 15

A LETTER Reading Language focus Exercising

OVERVIEW

READING

A

A letter Dates Simple Past Tense – Irregular Verbs Too - Either University College Oxford May 28th, 1985

Dear Ivan,

B

Thank you very much for your letter of 15th May. I am sorry I couldn't reply sooner but I was very busy with my studies. You asked me to correct the mistakes you made in your letter. I must tell you that you wrote it very well and there were very few mistakes. Just one thing! Remember, we usually write the address first and then the date. Yesterday I met some students from Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are studying engineering here. We went to a coffee bar and spent a very pleasant evening together. They told me many interesting things about your country. When you come to Oxford we can all meet and go out together. I found a nice small hotel where you can stay while you are here. It's not far from my college and it's not very expensive, either. I hope you can manage to come next weekend and I'm sure we can all have a very good time. Looking forward to seeing you, Yours, Henry Milan: Ivan: Milan:

LANGUAGE FOCUS

What did you do yesterday evening, Ivan? I came home rather late and found Henry's letter on my desk. He sent it two days ago. I read it and then went straight to bed. That's why I saw no light in your room when I passed under your windows. I thought you were not in.

Months of the Year:

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Dates 1st January 1985 January 1st, 1985

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the first of January nineteen eighty-five January the first, nineteen eighty-five

UNIT 15

Simple Past Tense - Irregular Verbs Present Jim often goes to London. Students often make mistakes.

Past He went to London yesterday. They made a lot of mistakes last week.

He always finds good books. Bill often thinks about work.

He found a good book yesterday. He thought about his work yesterday.

Questions and Negative Forms He went to London yesterday. Did he go to London?

He didn't go to London.

Learn the past tenses of these verbs: come, go, get, find, know, leave, make, meet, put, read, see, sit, spend, tell, think, write. You can find them in the List of Irregular Verbs.

Too — Either Observe the use of too and either. Mr Cabot works in an office and Mary Green works there, too. Henry doesn't work and Ivan doesn't (work), either. EXERCISING

I.

Answer in the Past Tense. Example: He often goes to the cinema. He went to the cinema yesterday. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

II.

Henry often meets his friends. We often see a light in your room. He often finds pleasant restaurants. Ann often spends a lot of money. He often thinks about his girl-friend. She often writes to her mother. Pat often does her homework at school. He often tells me about his work. She often comes to work late. We often have coffee after lunch. We often go for an outing. He often reads a book on the train. He is often late for work. They often go shopping in the afternoon.

Make questions with »when«. Example: He wrote that letter yesterday. When did he write it?

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UNIT 15

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. III.

He came home late last night. I saw him yesterday. They went to Bosnia and Herzegovina three days ago. He told me about his country last night. She did her homework yesterday. She wrote to me a month ago. They went on a day-trip to Windsor yesterday. We started our English classes in September. He found some money yesterday. I thought about it last night. I met Hi's brother last October. She read that book last year. We had guests last night. I met Ivan last week.

Ask questions with »how long ago«? Example: He finished work two hours ago. How long ago did he finish work? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

HOME

IV.

The film started 5 minutes ago. He met his wife 10 years ago. Ivan came to London two months ago. They went home an hour ago. She replied to my letter two days ago. He wrote that book 5 years ago. They invited me to dinner two days ago. She opened her shop a year ago. We stayed at that hotel two years ago. Pat went to bed half an hour ago. He returned to Banja Luka two weeks ago. I saw him in the street 10 minutes ago. They finished their work an hour ago. Mrs Cabot started to teach 15 years ago.

Questions a) 1. When did Henry write to Ivan? 2. Why didn't he reply to Ivan's letter sooner? 3. Did Henry find many mistakes in Ivan's letter? 4. Who did Henry meet at Oxford? 5. What did they talk about? 6. Did Henry find a hotel for Ivan?

b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

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How many months are there in a year? Which is the first month of the year? Which is the last month of the year? Which is the shortest month of the year? How many days are there in a year? What date is it today?

UNIT 15

V.

Complete these sentences using the Past Tense. Example: Henry ............ 3 eggs for breakfast. Henry had 3 eggs for breakfast. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

VI.

Torn .......... his friend in the street yesterday. She ........... a letter to her sister. It was late and Pat ............. straight to bed. Mrs Cabot ........... her students' mistakes.. We .......... a good film on TV. Henry ............ Ivan the country round London. Mrs Johnson ........... shopping and ............. a lot of money.

Put in the correct article where necessary. 1. Henry is ............ student. 2. Ivan and Milan are ....... students, too. 3. Mr Johnson is smoking ....... cigarette. 4. He always drinks . tea in .......... 5. Ann has ......... new dress. 6..... dress was very expensive. 7........................"January is coldest month. 8. ................. Cabots are .................. English family.

VII. Answer in the negative and add »either«. Example: Henry doesn't smoke. What about you? I don't smoke, either, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Margaret didn't go to Windsor. What about Jane? Pat never goes to bed late. What about your .children? I can't type. What about you? Ann can't drive. What about Pat? The Johnsons don't drink much coffee. What about Ivan? Most people don't like rain. What about you?

VIII. Add »too« or »either«. Example: Her eyes are brown. Her hair is brown, too. He can't speak English well. Ivan can't either. 1. It's cold in the kitchen. It's cold in the bathroom .................... 2. They have no eggs at home and there isn't any bacon .............. 3. Some women talk too much. Some men talk much ........... 4. The weather wasn't good on Sunday. It wasn't good yesterday ............. 5. He never gets up before 8. His wife doesn't .................. 6. We went to Windsor last week. They went there ...................

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UNIT 15

IX.

Answer these questions.

,

1. It's Monday today. What day was it the day before yesterday? 2. I went to the cinema last week. I had a business appointment on Monday and the next two evenings I spent at home. I went to Windsor for the weekend and left on Friday evening. When did I go to the cinema? 3. It's 5 o'clock now. What time was it half an hour ago? 4. My sister had her birthday in July, and my brother had his birthday three months before that. My birthday was one month after my brother's. When was my birthday? 5. Today is June 30th. What date was it seven days ago?

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UNIT 16

TRAVELLING Reading Language focus

OVERVIEW

Travelling Irregular Comparison Adjectives and Adverbs

Exercising READING

A B

In Britain trains are a very popular form of public transport. The train is usually more expensive than the coach but it is also faster and more comfortable. There is always a buffet car on the train where you can get a sandwich, tea. coffee or a fruit juice. The information desk at a travel agency Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan:

C

At the booking office. Ivan is buying his ticket. Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan: Clerk: Ivan:

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Good afternoon. Can I help you? Yes, please. I'd like to go to Oxford by train. Is it the best way to travel there? It certainly is. And the quickest, too. Good. And how much is the fare? It's five pounds single and seven pounds fifty return. You'd better take a return ticket. It's less expensive. And on Sundays you can get a cheap return at £ 6.50. I see. Which station do trains for Oxford leave from? Paddington. And how often do the trains run? Not too often, I'm afraid. There is one every 45 minutes. Oh, well, it could be worse. Do I have to book my ticket in advance? No, you needn't. You can get it at the booking office before you leave. That's great. Thank you very much.

Oxford, please. Single or return? Return, please. That's seven pounds fifty. Here's a ten pound note. Two fifty change. Which platform does the train leave from? Platform two but you'd better look at the time-table to make sure. Thank you.

Irregular Comparison Good His homework is good. His friend's homework is better. Pat did the best homework.

Bad John's dictation is bad. Tom's dictation is worse. My dictation is the worst.

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UNIT 16

Much / Many

Little

much bread. Pat doesn't eat many eggs. Bill eats more bread/eggs. Henry eats the most bread/eggs.

He drank little sherry yesterday. His friend drank less sherry. That clerk drank the least sherry.

Adjectives and Adverbs He’s a good (bad, careful, hard) worker. »Good