15 Logic Puzzles

 

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Saint Louis University Department of Mathematics

A Final Project in GMATH:

Compilation of Researched Problems with Solution in Mathematics in the Modern World Topic: Logic Puzzles No. of Assigned Problems: 15

No. of Problems Submitted: 15

Name: DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B. Schedule: 1:30  –  3:00  3:00 TTH P505

Date Due: April 30, 2019 Date Submitted: April 30, 2019  DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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1.  Whose Fish? (logic puzzle)

First, set up a 6×5 matrix of attributes attributes then started highlighting and crossing out relevant details. Intuitively, I knew it all came down the Norwegian. This because we know he has only one neighbor. Everyone else can have one or two neighbors. Eventually, it came down to coffee (consumed and in clue 5).

T he P uz uzzle zle::

There are five houses in a row in different colors. In each house lives a person with a different nationality. The five owners drink a different drink, smoke a different brand of cigar and keep a different pet, one of which is a Walleye Pike. Who owns the fish? The 15 clues: 1.  The Brit lives in the red house. 2.  The Swede keeps dogs as pets. 3.  The Dane drinks tea. 4.  The green house is on the left of the white house. 5.  The green house owner drinks coffee. 6.  The person who smokes Pall Malls keeps birds. b irds. 7.  The owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhills. 8.  The man living in the house ho use right in the center drinks milk. 9.  The man who smokes Blends lives next to the one who keeps cats. 10. The Norwegian lives in the first house. 11. The man who keeps horses lives next to the one who smokes Dunhills. 12. The owner who smokes Bluemasters drinks beer. 13. The German smokes Princes. 14. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house. 15. The man who smokes Blends has a neighbor who drinks water. The end of this puzzle will have five units, each with 6 attributes: {address, house color, nationality, drink, pet and smokes} The data seems to break down d own into two types: Definitive data, that which d defines efines an attribute directly within one unit. And relational data, which whic h defines an attribute relative to another unit. u nit. Relational data often acts  as a negating n egating definition as well, showing what isn’t in a unit by describing what’s nearby. nearby.   Now stepping through the clues, definitive data related to nationality first: first: 1. The Brit lives in the red house.  Brit == red 2. The Swede keeps dogs as pets. Swede == dogs 3. The Dane drinks tea.  Dane == tea 10. The Norwegian lives in the first house.  Norwegian == 1st house

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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13. The German smokes Princes. German == Princes  Next comes the secondary definitions. These can be used to reveal data which eliminates  possible units based on what is already known: 5. The green house owner drinks coffee. Coffee == Green ∴   Brit != coffee  Dane != Green 6. The person who smokes Pall Malls keeps birds.  Pall Malls == birds ∴  German != birds Swede != Pall Malls 7. The owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhills. Yellow == Dunhills ∴  German != Yellow  Brit != dunhills 8. The man living in the house right in the center drinks milk.  Milk == 3rd House ∴   Norwegian != milk  Dane != 3rd House 12. The owner who smokes Bluemasters drinks beer.  Bluemasters = beer ∴  German != beer  Dane != Bluemasters First Blue Brit Beer Birds Blends First Blue Brit Beer Birds Blends First Blue Brit

Second Green Dane Coffee Cats Bluemasters Second Green Dane Coffee Cats Bluemasters Second Green Dane

Third Fourth Red White German Norwegian Milk Tea Dogs Fish Dunhills Pall Malls Third Fourth Red White German Norwegian Milk Tea Dogs Fish Dunhills Pall Malls Third Fourth Red White German Norwegian

Fifth Yellow Swede Water Horses Princes Fifth Yellow Swede Water Horses Princes Fifth Yellow Swede

Beer

Coffee

Milk

Water

Tea

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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Birds Blends First Blue Brit Beer Birds Blends First Blue Brit Beer Birds Blends

Cats Bluemasters Second Green Dane Coffee Cats Bluemasters Second Green Dane Coffee Cats Bluemasters

Dogs Fish Dunhills Pall Malls Third Fourth Red White German Norwegian Milk Tea Dogs Fish Dunhills Pall Malls Third Fourth Red White German Norwegian Milk Tea Dogs Fish Dunhills Pall Malls

Horses Princes Fifth Yellow Swede Water Horses Princes Fifth Yellow Swede Water Horses Princes

Many of the relational data clues reveal additional information about what a unit doesn’t have:  have:  4. The green house is on the left of the white house. Green = White’s address –   1 1 9. The man who smokes Blends lives next to the one who keeps cats.  Blends = Cat’s address ± 1 ∴   Blends != cats 11. The man who keeps horses lives next to the one who smokes Dunhills.  Horses = Dunhills’ address ± 1 ∴   Dunhills != horses  Horses != Yellow 14. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.  Blue = 2nd house ∴   Brit != 2nd house  Norwegian != Blue 15. The man who smokes Blends has a neighbor who drinks water.  Blends = Water’s address ± 1 ∴   Blends != water The fourteenth clue is one of o f the most important. Since we know the Norwegian lives in the 1st house (clue 10), we know that the blue house is number 2. Number 4 is a tricky one, there is no reason to believe that the green house is the first house, all we know is that the white house is on it’s left. Also, clues 9 and 15 could be referring to one or two neighbors.   It’s interesting that the clues sort out into three quintuplets.  quintuplets.   Here’s where it starts to get really hard. All that is known for certain is what was defined in in questions 1-3, 1-3, 10 and 13. There remain three or four unknowns for each unit. What I’m looking for is the first link in a causality chain. Of course it’s i t’s probably not so much a chain as a loop, so looking for an end is futile. How about an onramp? After several minutes of staring, and re-reading the clues, I got the chills (really!)

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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ANSWER: The green house drinks coffee. The center house drinks milk. So the center house is not green. But the Green house is on the left of the white house. Since we know the second house is blue, we then know that the first house is not green either. So the only place the green house can be is fourth, making the 5th white. Now is the first yellow, or is the first red? The elimination steps above provide the answer. We know the Norwegian is in the first house, and the Brit is in the Red house. That means the Brit is in the red house in the middle, drinking milk, and the Norwegian’s house is yellow and he smokes Dunhills. Dunhills.   Whoa, more chills. At this point, the whole things starts to fall together. Clue 11 puts horses in the blue house. Clue 3 means the Dane is not in the green house Clue 15 puts Blends in the second house, and, with clue 9, water and cats in the first house. etc. etc.

The Answer Here’s the final breakdown:  breakdown: 

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Yellow  Norwegian

Blue Dane

Red Brit

Green German

White Swede

Water

Tea

Milk

Coffee

Beer

Cats

Horses

Birds

FISH 

Dogs

Dunhills

Blends

Pall Malls

Princes

Bluemasters

The German has the fish and drinks coffee in the green house, which is fourth on the block.  Reference:  http://joemaller.com/556/whose-fish-logic-puzz  Reference: http://joemaller.com/556/whose-fish-logic-puzzle/ le/ April  April 13, 2019 at 8:36 a.m 2.  Rana, Toni and Millie are sisters. Their ages are 9,12 and 14 years.

You need to deduce which sister is 9 years old, which one is 12 and which one is 14. You have two clues:  Clue 1 : Toni's age is not in the 4-times table. Clue 2 : Millie's age can be divided exactly by the number of days in a week.

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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EXPLANATION:

We can show the information about the sisters and their ages in a logic table:

The logic table can contain three types of symbol: A tick indicates that a particular combination is true. For example, if there was a tick   in in the centre square, it would mean that Toni was 12 years old. A cross indicates that a particular combination is false. If there was a cross in the bottomright square, it would mean that Millie not  t  14 was no  14 years old. A question mark appears when no decision has  been made yet.

A.  Our first clue is that Toni's age is not in the four times table. What age can Toni not be? Toni can’t be 12 because 12 is in the 4-times 4 -times table.

yr s. We mark this fact by placing a cross in line with Toni  and  and 12 yr A.  Our second clue is that Millie's age can be divided exactly by the number of days in the week. What age is Millie? Millie must be 14 (It is the only age that is divisible by 7).  

We mark this fact by placing a tick yr s.  in line with Mi llie and 14 yr

B.  If Millie is 14 yrs old, what other facts about her age can we mark in the diagram? Millie is 14 so she can’t be 9 years or 12 years old. Can Rana or Toni be 14 years old?  No, because we are told that each girl is a different age. 

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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We mark these two extra facts on the diagram as shown:  Mi llie is not 9 years old  or  or 12 years old .  Rana and Toni  are not 14 yrs old . Look at Toni's row in the diagram. What age a ge must she be? Toni must be 9 because we know she is not 12 or 14. If all the girls have different ages, what age must Rana be? Rana must be 12 because the other girls are 9 or 14.  

yr s. We mark a tick in line with Toni  and  and 9 yr We mark a tick in line yr s. with Rana and 12 yr We can also mark a cross in the final box because we know that Rana is not 9 years old.  

 Now we can see that Toni is 9 years old, Rana is 12 years old and Millie is 14 years old.  Reference: http://www.cimt.org.uk/projects/mepres/book7/bk7i1/bk7_1i1.htm April 13, 2019  Reference:  8:40 a.m 3.  Last week, New York radio station WLIR 92.7 gave away prizes to its listeners each day, Monday through Friday. Once a day, the song “Heaven in My House” was played, and the

92nd person to call afterwinners hearingreceived the songthe wassame awarded three different prizes from were available. No two sam e combination of prizes. From thefive that information provided, determine the first and last names (one surname is Valdez) of the winner each weekday, as well as the three prizes each won. 1. Each of the five prizes was won exactly three times. Movie tickets were won every other day. 2. One person won a free shake and movie passes, but not on Friday. One winner received both a free shake and a pizza. 3. Duane won passes to Tan T an Beatific and passes to see Caballero at the Highcrest Movie Theater. The person surnamed Welles won both tanning and movie passes. 4. The one surnamed Thatcher, who won a free pizza and passes to play miniature golf, won at some point after Cindy and at some point before Duane. 5. Burt Scanlon won at some point after Annie, who did not win movie passes. Annie won the day after the one surnamed Banks, who was not Monday’s Monda y’s winner. winner. 6. The ones surnamed Banks and Scanlon both plan to enjoy their free pizza. DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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7. Everett plans to stop at the ice-cream shop for his free shake. Day

First Names

Last Names

Prizes

EXPLANATION:

A.  Because this puzzle involves five different days, it has an inherent order and will be easier to solve using a table than a crosshatch chart. To begin, write the days Monday through Friday, in chronological order, in the left-hand left-hand column, “DAY.” Each prize was won three times and movie passes were won every other da day y (clue 1), so movie  passes must have been won Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Write “movies” in the first PRIZES column for these days. Day

First Names

Last Names

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Prizes

Movies Movies Movie

B.  Annie didn’t win movie passes (clue 5), so she couldn’t have won on Monday, Wednesday, or Friday (chart, above), and she couldn’t have won on Tuesday, because then the one surnamed Banks would be Monday’s winner, which, from clue 5, isn’t  possible, so Annie won on Thursday, therefore Burt won on Friday, and Banks won on Wednesday (clue 5), and both Banks and Scanlon won pizza (clue 6). Write these results in the proper columns and rows. Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

First Names

Last Names

Prizes

Movies

Annie Burt

Banks

Movies

Pizza

Scanlon

Movie

Pizza

C.  Duane won movie passes, so couldn’t have won on Tuesday (chart, above) or be the first winner of the week on Monday (clue 4), so he won on Wednesday, thus Thatcher won pizza and golf passes on Tuesday, and Cindy won on Monday (clue 4). Write these answers in their proper locations in the table. Day Monday

First Names Cindy

Last Names

Movies

Prizes

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Duane Annie Burt

Thatcher Banks

Pizza Movies

Golf Pizza

Scanlon

Movie

Pizza

D.  Now, it can be seen that the only first name left unplaced is Everett’s, who must have won on Tuesday and who won a shake (clue 6). Welles won movie passes (clue 3), so can’t be Annie (clue 5), so is Cindy, leaving Annie as Valdez. Both Duane and Cindy Welles won tanning passes (clue 3). Write these answers in their proper columns col umns and rows in the chart. Day First Names Last Names Prizes Monday Cindy Welles Movies Tanning Tuesday Everett Thatcher Pizza Golf Shake Wednesday Duane Banks Movies Pizza Tanning Thursday Annie Valdez Friday Burt Scanlon Movie Pizza E.  The movie passes were won on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (from the chart and above), but the winner of the shake and movie passes (clue 2) didn’t win on Wednesday (since that person won movie passes, pizza, p izza, and tanning passes) or on Friday (clue 2), so won on Monday. Day First Names Last Names Prizes Monday Cindy Welles Movies Tanning Shake Tuesday Everett Thatcher Pizza Golf Shake Wednesday Duane Banks Movies Pizza Tanning Thursday Annie Valdez Friday Burt Scanlon Movie Pizza F.  Since only one of the three golf passes has been placed, and each prize was won exactly three times (clue 1), the other two golf passes were won on Thursday and Friday. The two remaining prizes were both awarded on Thursday, and consisted of the third free shake and the third tanning pass. Write these answers in their proper rows to complete the puzzle. Day First Names Last Names Prizes Monday Cindy Welles Movies Tanning Shake Tuesday Everett Thatcher Pizza Golf Shake Wednesday Duane Banks Movies Pizza Tanning Thursday Annie Valdez Golf Shake Tanning Friday Burt Scanlon Movie Pizza Golf  Reference:https://www.pennydellpuzzles.com/upload/documents/How%20to%20Solve%20Logic %20Problems.pdf April 27, 2019 11:37 a.m

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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4.  Pet Owners (version 1) 

Each of four men owns a different different species of exotic pet. From the following clues, can can you figure out each man’s full name and what kind of pet he owns?  owns?  1.  Mr. Engels (whose pet is named Sparky), Spark y), Abner, and Mr. Foster all belong to a club for owners of unusual pets. 2.  The iguana isn’t owned by either Chuck or Duane.  Duane.  3.   Neither the jackal nor the king cobra is owned by Mr. Foster. 4.  The llama doesn’t belong to Duane (whose pet is named Waggles). Waggles).   5.  Abner, who doesn’t own the king cobra, isn’t Mr. Gunter. Gunter.   6.  Bruce and Mr. Foster are neighbors. 7.  Mr. Halevy is afraid of iguanas. Here’s the crosshatch grid:  grid:  Let’s look first at Clue 1. From it we can see that Abner isn’t Mr. Engels or Mr. Foster.  Foster.  We record this information in the solving grid by putting an x (meaning “n”) in the square at the intersection i ntersection of “Abner” and “Engels,” and another x at the intersection of “Abner” and “Foster.”  “Foster.”   Now let’s look at Clue 5.  5.  From it we learn that Abner doesn’t own the king cobra, and that Abner isn’t Mr. Gunter. Put x’s in the intersections of “Abner” and an d “Gunter,” and “Abner” and “King cobra.”  cobra.”  

If you were careless, you might without thinking  put an x into the intersection of “Gunter” and “King cobra.”  Does Mr. Gunter own the king cobra.”  cobra? Well, maybe he does and maybe he doesn’t,  but clue 5 really doesn’t say anything about it. Read each clue carefully and think about what it’s really saying; if you jump to a wrong conclusion now, you’ll be confused later on.  on.    New we can see at a glance that Abner isn’t Mr. Engels, Mr. Foster, or Mr. Gunter. We can make a deduction: Abner must be Mr. Halevy. We’ll put a large dot dot (meaning “yes”) in the intersection of “Abner” and “Halevy.”  “Halevy.”  And that means we can also put x’s in the intersections of “Halevy” and “Bruce,” “Chuck,” and “Duane.”  “Duane.”  Whenever you add a dot to the grid, be sure to add any x’s you can; they’ll often lead to more deductions.

1 2

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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That was a fairly simple deduction, but in order to solve this puzzle you’ll need to make some deductions that are a little trickier. Go through the rest of the clues and put x’s into the grid wherever you can. You’ll end up with this:  this:  

3 Sometimes, with a very easy puzzle, just putting the information in the grid is enough to make the solution fall out to you. This puzzle’s a bit harder, though, and at first glance there doesn’t seem to be enough information to make any more deductions.  deductions.  But the information is there; you just have to work with it a little. Take a pencil and fill in the rest of the the grid yourself as you read on. Mr. Halevy doesn’t own the iguana.  iguana.   Since Abner is Mr. Mr. Halevy, that means Abner doesn’t own the iguana either, right?  right?  Put an x in the intersection of “Abner” and “Iguana”  “Iguana”  and you’re you’ re ready to make another deduction: the iguana is owned by Bruce. Add the appropriate dot and x’s to the grid.  grid.   (Transferring information from from one section of the grid grid to another, as you just did, is an important step in solving, and it’s an easy one to ov overlook.) erlook.) Bruce isn’t Mr. Foster, so Mr. Foster doesn’t own the iguana.  iguana.   Voila! Another deduction: Mr. Foster owns the llama. Mr. Foster is either Chuck or Duane, while the llama's owner is either Abner or Chuck. Since both are the same man, it must be Chuck who is Mr Mr.. Foster and owns the llama.  Now Abner Halevy's pet can only be the jackal, and Duane's pet, by elimination, must be the king cobra. Don't forget to add a dot at the intersection of "Halevy" and "Jackal," and the x's that go with it. And now you seem to be stuck. Bruce owns the iguana, and Duane owns the king cobra,  but you can't tell from the grid which one is Mr. Engels and which one is Mr. Gunter. Is there anything in the clues you've missed? missed? Why, yes: Mr. Engels' pet is named Sparky (clue 1), whil whilee Duane's pet is named Waggles (clue 4), so Duane can't be Mr Mr.. Engels. As you solve logic  puzzles, you'll learn that you often need to combine facts from two or more clues to make a deduction. So here’ your final solution: Bruce Engels Bruce  Engels owns the iguana, Chuck Foster owns the llama, Duane Gunter owns the king cobra, and Abner Halevy owns the jackal.  Reference:  http://www.grugel.com/games/logic/logic-instructions.html  Reference: http://www.grugel.com/games/logic/logic-instructions.html April  April 27, 2019 11:42 a.m

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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5. Pet Owners (version 2)

Doris and three other women each own a different species of exotic pet. From the following clues, can you figure out each woman's full name (one is Ms. Hanker) and what kind of pet she owns (one owns a kangaroo)? 1. All four   — Alice, Alice, Ms. Esping, Ms. Florin, and the ibex's owner  —   belong to a club for owners of unusual pets. 2. The leopard doesn't belong to Bette. 3. The jaguar doesn't belong to Alice. 4. Ms. Glover, who doesn't own the leopard, lives next door to Chloe. 5. Bette, who isn't Ms. Florin, doesn't own the ibex. 6. Ms. Esping doesn't own the jaguar. And here’s the fill-in fill-in grid:

It doesn't look as helpful as the crosshatch grid, does it? And yet we'll see that the puzzle practically solves itself on a fill-in grid, while if you tried to use a crosshatch grid for this puzzle, you'd just get this far and no farther:

Here’s A Hot Tip  Very often, the way to to break into a puzzle that h has as a fill-in grid is to find a list of all the people involved. There's one in clue 1, so we start by putting each woman named in clue 1 into a different column of the grid:

Fill in the rest of the grid yourself as you read on. The jaguar do doesn't esn't belong to Alice (clue 3) or Ms. Esping (clue 6), so by looking at our grid we can see it must belong to Ms. Florin. Bette is neither Ms. Florin nor the ibex's owner (clue 5), so she must be Ms. E Esping. sping.

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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The leopard doesn't belong to Bette Esping (clue 2), so it belongs to Alice, and by elimination the kangaroo belongs to Bette Esping. Alice, who owns the leopard, isn't Ms. Glover (clue 4), so she is Ms. Hanker, and Ms. Glover is the ibex's owner. Ms. Glover isn't Chloe (clue 4), so she is Doris, and Chloe is Ms. Florin. And there's your answer: Bette Esping owns the kangaroo, k angaroo, Chloe Florin owns the jaguar, Doris Glover owns the ibex, and Alice Hanker owns the leopard.  Reference:  http://www.grugel.com/games/logic/logic-instructions.html  Reference: http://www.grugel.com/games/logic/logic-instructions.html April  April 27, 2019 11:42 a.m  6. Cache

Last week, Roadrunner published five new caches each day (Monday through Friday). On each day a different d ifferent cacher was the first to find on three of the caches. Surprisingly, none of the cachers picked up the same combination of caches. From the information provided, for each day, determine the cacher, the geocoin that was in the cache (one was a FTF Geocoin), and the three caches where they were FTF. 1.  Each of the five caches was found exactly three times. Traditional caches were found every other day. 2.  One cacher found a puzzle cache and a traditional, but not on Friday. One cacher picked up both a puzzle cache and a multicache. 3.  Clay4 picked up an Earthcache and a traditional. The person who got the Minelab Geocoin picked up both an Earthcache and a traditional. 4.  The one who found the USA Geocoin, found a multicache and a letterbox and was the FTF at some point after zzbob and at some point before Clay4. 5.  Fyrcanine found the Pirates Booty Geocoin at some point after Kris32, who did n not ot find a traditional. Kris32 was the FTF the day after the one who found the Geico Geocoin, who was not Monday's FTF. 6.  The ones who found the Geico Geocoin and the Pirates Booty Geocoin both awarded favorites to their multicaches. 7.  Allyn56 awarded a favorite to the puzzle cache. Since we know we're using days of the week, we start by listing those down the first column and put our other category names across the top. Clue 1 says that each cache was found three times and that traditionals were found every other day so they could only be

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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found on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday so we list them on those three days. Kris32 didn't find a traditional (clue 5), so she could only be Tuesday or Thursday. She found it the day after the one who got the Geico coin (5) and the Geico coin finder wasn't Monday (5), so Kris can only  be Thursday and Geico has to be Wednesday. Since Fyrcanine found the Pirate coin after Kris32 (5), those two can only fit on Friday. Since the ones who found the Pirate coin and the Geico coin found multicaches (6) those could only be on Wednesday and Friday. Clay4 found a traditional (3), so he has to be Monday or Wednesday. Clue 4 says someone found their caches before Clay4, so Clay4 can only be Wednesday. The one who found the USA coin was

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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after zzbob and  before Clay4 (4), so the USA coin had to  be Tuesday and zzbob has to be Monday. That person also found a Multi and a letterbox, so we can add those to the Tuesday row.

The only person who isn't listed yet is Allyn56, so he has to  be Tuesday. Clue 7 says Allyn56 found a puzzle cache, so that fills out the Tuesday row. The Minelab coin finder found a traditional (3) so that couldn't have been Kris32 (5), so it has to be zzbob. This leaves the FTF coin for Kris32. Since both Clay4 and the one who found the Minelab coin found an Earthcache, we can add those to zzbob and Clay4.

Traditionals were found on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The one who found a traditional and a puzzle cache did not find theirs on

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

1:30  – 3: 00 TTh P505

 

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Friday (2) and we already see on the chart that Wednesday is filled, that means zzbob's last cache was a puzzle.  Since each cache type was found 3 times and we've only  placed one letterbox, the Thursday and Friday caches have to include a letterbox. That only leave the two remaining caches on Thursday, so they have to be the two that have only been found twice, the  puzzle and earthcache.

 Reference: https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC4B2YP_solving-puzzles-viii-logic April  Reference:  27, 2019 12:16 p.m 7. Five couples were married last week, each on a different weekday. From the information  provided, determine the woman (one is Cathy) and man (one is Paul) who make up each couple, as well as the day on which each couple was married. 1. Anne was married on Monday, but not to Wally. 2. Stan’s wedding was on Wednesday. Rob was married on Friday, but not to Ida. 3.

Vern (who married Fran) was married the day after a fter Eve.  Eve. 

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

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EXPLANATION: A. Anne was married Mon. (1), so put a ‘‘•’’ at the intersection of Anne and Mon. Put ‘‘X’’s in all the other days in Anne’s row and all the other names in the Mon. column. (Whenever you establish a relationship, as we did here, be sure to place ‘‘X’’s at the intersections of all relationships that become impossible as a result.) Anne wasn’t married to Wally (1), so put an ‘‘X’’ at the intersection of Anne and Wally. Stan’s wedding was Wed. (2), so put a ‘‘•’’ at the

intersection of Stan Stan and Wed. (don’t forget the ‘‘X’’s). Stan didn’t marry marr y Anne, who was married Mon., so put an ‘‘X’’ at the intersection of Anne Ann e and Stan. Rob was married Fri., but not to Ida (2), so put a ‘‘•’’ at the intersection of Rob and Fri., and ‘‘X’’s at the intersections intersections of Rob and Ida and Ida and an d Fri. Rob also didn’t marry Anne, who was married Mon., so put an ‘‘X’’ at the intersection of Anne and Rob. Now your chart should look like chart 1. 

B.  Vern married Fran (3), so put a ‘‘•’’ at the intersection of Vern and Fran. This leaves Anne’s only possible husband as Paul, so put a ‘‘•’’ at the intersection of Anne and Paul and Paul and Mon. Vern and Fran’s wedding was the day after Eve’s (3), which wasn’t Mon. [Anne], so Vern’s wasn’t Tue. It must have  been Thu. [see chart], so Eve’s was Wed. (3). Put ‘‘•’’s at the intersections of Vern and Thu., Fran and Thu., and Eve and Wed. Now your chart should look like chart 2.

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C.  The chart shows that Cathy was married Fri., Ida was married Tue., and Wally was married Tue. Ida married Wally, and Cathy’s wedding was Fri., so she married Rob. After

this information is filled in, Eve could only have married Stan. You’ve completed the  puzzle, and your chart should now look like chart 3.

In summary: Anne and Paul, Mon.; Cathy and Rob, Fri.; Eve and Stan, Wed.; Fran and Vern, Thu.; Ida and Wally, Tue. In some problems, it may be necessary to make a logical guess based on facts you’ve established. When you do, always look for clues or other facts that disprove it. If you find that your guess is incorrect, eliminate it as a possibility.  Reference:https://www.pennydellpuzzles.com/upload/documents/How%20to%20Solve%20Logic  Reference:https://www.pennydellpuzzles.com/upload/documents/How%20to%20Solve%20Logic %20Problems.pdf April %20Problems.pdf  April 27, 2019 12:21 p.m 8. Pets’ name

Claire has 2 cats and 2 dogs. Find out each names.

  Luna likes to meow in the middle of



the night.

  Claire got Pico when he was just a



small puppy.

  Trigger and Maine Coon does not



get along.

  The boxer’s name does not start



with “T”.  “T”. 

  Tank is either the boxer or the



 poodle. What are the dogs’ dogs’ and cats’ names?  names?   Poodle ________

Siamese Cat _________

Boxer ________

Maine Coon Cat _______

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SOLUTION:

A. Luna likes to meow in the middle of the night. Since only cats meow, we can X out the two dogs.

B.  Claire got Pico when he was just a small puppy. A puppy. A puppy is a baby dog so we can X out the two cats.

C.  Trigger and Maine Coon does not get along.   This tells us they are 2 along. different animals so we know Trigger is not a Maine Coon.  Coon. 

D.  The boxer’s name does not start with “T”. This tells us that the boxer’s

name

is

not

Tank

or

Trigger.

E.  Tank is either the boxer or the  poodle.. Since we found out the  poodle  Pico is the boxer that leaves us Tank being the poodle.

ANSWER:

Poodle - Tank

Boxer - Pico

Siamese Cat - Trigger

Maine Coon Cat - Luna

 Reference:https://lisaacademygtprogram.weebly.com/uploads/8/9/7/2/89721149/freelogicpuzzles  forbeginners__1_.pdf April 27, 2019 12:26 pm

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9. Pet Adoption Day

On National Pet Adoption Day, fiver very happy children adopted either a pet dog or cat. Find out which child adopted each breed.

  Liz did not adopt a dog.   Jay brought home either

 

a pug or boxer.   The boy who adopted the Maine Coon cat named him Grizzly.   Gwen and the girl who adopted the boxer are friends.





Who adopted the following pets? Pug ____

Boxer ______

Poodle ______

Siamese Cat ______

Maine Coon Cat _______

SOLUTION:

A.  Liz did not adopt a dog. Place dog.  Place  X on the pug, poodle and boxer for Liz.  Liz. 

B. Jay brought home either a pug or a boxer. X boxer. X out poodle and both cats for Jay.  Jay. 

C.  The boy who adopted the Maine Coon cat named him Grizzly. Since Grizzly. Since we X out both cats for Jay, the only boy left is Luke so Luke = Maine Coon. We also know Liz adopted the Siamese cat.  cat.  

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D.  Gwen and the girl who adopted the boxer are friends. Place friends. Place X on boxer for Gwen. X out Jay for boxer since we are looking for a  girl who adopted boxer. That leaves Jay with the pug, Rose with boxer and Gwen with  poodle.    poodle. ANSWER:

Pug - Jay

Maine Coon Cat - Luke

Boxer - Rose

Poodle - Gwen

Siamese Cat - Liz

 Reference: 10. The Pet Detective

You have been promoted to pet detective while Ace Ventura guides some tourists on a safari. From the following clues, you must figure out who is the owner of each pet, and where the pet got lost. 1.  2.  3.  4.  5. 

A rabbit and a dog are two tw o of the lost pets. The pet lost in the garden is owned by Mary. Robert does not own a dog. John's pet was lost in the woods. The cat was not lost in the woods or in the park.

Solution:

The clues may provide direct or deduced information and can be processed in any order. We start  by putting the owner names in the top row. Here, we start with clue number 2:  1. The pet lost in the garden is owned by Mary. 

5. The cat was not lost in the woods or in the park. Therefore, the cat must have been lost in the garden been lost in the garden. 

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4. John's pet was lost in the woods. ... and, therefore, Robert's pet must have been lost in the park. 

1. A rabbit and a dog are two of the lost pets. 3. Robert does not own a dog. This means that Robert owns the rabbit, and John must own the dog.   Reference: https://www.scientificpsychic.com/mind/pet1.html (Accessed on April 30, 2019 at  Reference: https://www.scientificpsychic.com/mind/pet1.html 1:30 a.m) 11. Five sisters all have their birthday in a different month and each on a different day of the week. Using the clues below, determine the month and da day y of the week each sister's birthday falls. 1.  Paula was born in March but not on Saturday. Abigail's birthday was not on Friday or Wednesday. 2.  The girl whose birthday is on Monday Monda y was born earlier in the year than Brenda and Mary. 3.  Tara wasn't born in February and her birthday was on the weekend. 4.  Mary was not born in December nor was her  birthday on a weekday. The girl whose birthday was in June was born on Sunday. 5.  Tara was born before Brenda, whose birthday wasn't on Friday. Mary wasn't born in July.

Clue 1: The first clue states that Paula was born in March so put a black dot in the square for "Paula" and "March" as shown. Since Paula was born in March, none of the other  possibilities are valid, so the rest of the row and column can  be marked with an 'x' as shown. The clue also states that Paula's birthday is not on Saturday, thus "Saturday" for "Paula" can also be crossed out as shown. The second half of the clue states that Abigail's birthday is not on Wednesday or Friday so you can mark Wednesday and Friday for Abigail with an 'x' in the right section of the grid as shown.

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Clue 2:  According to the second clue, Brenda and Mary could not have been born in February since the girl whose  birthday is Monday was born earlier in the year. Likewise, Brenda and Mary didn't have a birthday on Monday. So these squares can be crossed out. Also, in the bottom part of the grid, the Monday birthday cannot happen in July or

December because both Brenda and Mary had birthdays AFTER the girl whose birthday is on Monday so these two squares can also be crossed out as shown. Clue 3: Tara was not born in February and so that square is crossed out. Now the only square in that row that isn't crossed out is Abigail. By elimination therefore, Abigail was born in February. Put a  black dot in that square and cross out the rest of the horizontal row. In addition, since you know from clue 1 that Abigail's birthday is not on a Friday or a Wednesday and you know she was born in February, you can cross out Wednesday and Friday in the bottom block of the grid for February. Also, from the second half of Clue 3, Tara's birthday is on the weekend, so Monday, Wednesday, and Friday are crossed out for Tara in the right section of the grid as shown. Clue 4: Mary wasn't born in December so cross it out as shown. Since her birthday isn't on a weekday, you can also cross out Wednesday and Friday for Mary in the right-hand section of the grid. From Clue 2 you know

that Tara's birthday was on a weekend too. So in the right section of the grid, Saturday and Sunday can be crossed out for Abigail, Brenda, and Paula. This leaves only Monday for Abigail to put a black dot in this square and cross out the rest of the column for Monday. From the last part of Clue 4, in the bottom section of the grid, put a dot for June and Sunday, crossing out the rest of the column and row respectively as shown. Also, in the upper grid, cross out Brenda for June because you know her birthday wasn't on the weekend.

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Clue 5: Since Tara was born before Brenda, cross out December for Tara since she couldn't have been born last. This leaves only December for Brenda so put a black dot in that square and cross out the rest of the row. From the second half of the clue, you know that mary wasn't born in July so by elimination Tara was born in July. Put a  black dot in that square and cross out the rest of the row. Also put a black dot in the square for Mary and June since it's the last square open. You've now determined all of the months in which everyone was born. Also, since you know that June goes with Sunday and Mary was born in June, her birthday is on Sunday so mark that off in the right section of the grid. This then leaves Tara for Saturday so mark that too. Lastly, from the clue, Brenda's birthday wasn't on Friday. So  by elimination, Brenda's birthday was on Wednesday and Paula's birthday was on Friday. Answer:          











Abigail, February, Monday Brenda, December, Wednesday Mary, June, Sunday Paula, March, Friday Tara, July, Saturday

 Reference: http://www.puzzlersparadise.com/article1021.html  Reference:  http://www.puzzlersparadise.com/article1021.html April 30, 30, 2019  2019 2:12 a.m 12. Home Improvements 

Four neighbors decided one summer to improve their homes. Each couple planned on an outside home improvement to take advantage of the good summer weather. However, once they got started, they got carried away and worked on an inside home improvement too. Using the clues, determine the full name of each couple and the two home improvements each couple made. 1. George, who wasn't married to Kim, didn't remodel the kitchen. 2. Ted Manor and his wife had the roof replaced. 3. Larry and Alice didn't add a bathroom or landscape their yard. 4. Burt, who wasn't married to Mary Wells, installed new carpeting c arpeting in the bedrooms but didn't d idn't add a swimming pool.   5. Tara, whose last name wasn't Fischer, added a new garage. 6. The Parkers didn't remodel the kitchen. The couple that finished their basement into a game room was the couple that landscaped their yard.

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Solution:

 Reference: http://www.puzzles.com/Projects/LogicProblems/HomeImprovements.htm April 30, 2019  Reference:  30, 2019 2:30 a.m  13. Meeting Eight married couples meet to lend one another some books. Couples have the same surname, employment and car. Each couple has a favorite color. Furthermore we know the following facts:

1.  Daniella Black and her husband work as Shop-Assistants. 2.  The book "The Seadog" was brought by a couple who drive a Fiat and love the color red. 3.  Owen and his wife Victoria like the color brown. 4.  Stan Horricks and his wife Hannah like the color white. 5.  Jenny Smith and her husband work as Warehouse Managers and they drive a Wartburg. 6.  Monica and her husband Alexander borrowed the book "Grandfather Joseph". 7.  Mathew and his wife like the color pink and brought the book "Mulatka Gabriela". 8.  Irene and her husband Oto work as Accountants. 9.  The book "We Were Five" was borrowed by a couple driving a Trabant. 10. The Cermaks are both Ticket-Collectors who brought the book "Shed Stoat".

 

11. Paul Mr and are both Doctors who borrowed the book "Slovacko Judge". 12. andMrs his Kuril wife like the color green. 13. Veronica Dvorak and her husband like the color blue. 14. Rick and his wife brought the book "Slovacko Judge" and they drive a Ziguli. 15. One couple brought the book "Dame Commissar" and borrowed the book "Mulatka Gabriela". 16. The couple who drive a Dacia, love the color violet. 17. The couple who work as Teachers borrowed the book "Dame Commissar". 18. The couple who work as Agriculturalists drive a Moskvic. 19. Pamela and her husband drive a Renault and brought the book "Grandfather Joseph". 20. Pamela and her husband borrowed the book that Mr and Mrs Zajac brought. 21. Robert and his wife like the color yellow and borrowed the book "The Modern Comedy". 22. Mr and Mrs Swain work as Shoppers. 23. "The Modern Comedy" was brought by a couple driving a Skoda.

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Is it a problem to find out everything ever ything about everyone from this information? Solution:

 Reference: http://brainden.com/einsteins-riddles.htm  Reference:  http://brainden.com/einsteins-riddles.htm April 30, 30, 2019  2019 2:36 a.m 14. Ships

There are 5 ships in a port. 1.  The Greek ship leaves at six and carries coffee. 2.  The ship in the middle has a black chimney. 3.  The English ship leaves at nine. 4.  The French ship with a blue chimney is to the left of a ship that carries coffee. 5.  To the right of the ship carrying cocoa coco a is a ship going to Marseille. 6.  The Brazilian ship is heading for Manila. 7.   Next to the ship carrying rice is a ship with a green chimney. 8.  A ship going to Genoa leaves at five. 9.  The Spanish ship leaves at seven and an d is to the right of the ship going to Marseille. 10. The ship with a red chimney goes to Hamburg. 11.  Next  Next to the ship leaving at seven is a ship with a white chimney. 12. The ship on the border carries corn. 13. The ship with a black chimney leaves at eight. 14. The ship carrying corn is anchored next to the ship carrying rice. 15. The ship to Hamburg leaves at six. Which ship goes to Port Said? Which ship carries tea?

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Solution:

 Reference:  http://brainden  Reference: http://brainden.com/eins .com/einsteins-riddles. teins-riddles.htm htm April 30, 2019 30, 2019 2:40 a.m  15. Be My Valentine

In Mrs. Smith’s 4th grade class, five boys have crushes c rushes on a girl. Fortunately, each boy b oy really liked a different girl. Yesterday was Valentine’s Day and to celebrate, each boy screwed up his courage and gave the girl he liked a Valentine. Not realizing that the other boys were doing the same thing, they still managed to give their Valentine’s in a different place and at a different time during the school day. Determine the full name of each boy, the full name of each girl that received a Valentine, and when each girl received it. 1. During lunch, Norman gave his Valentine to the girl whose last name wa wass Guest. 2. Rick, whose last name wasn’t Smith, gave his Valentine to Heather, Heather,  whose last name wasn’t Fields. 3. Rebecca, whose last name wasn’t Willis, wasn’t given a Valentine at recess. Sara didn’t receive a Valentine during gym. 4. Greg, whose last name wasn’t Jeffries, gave his Valentine to a girl during recess but it wasn’t Abigail. Melissa received her Valentine during homeroom but not from a boy named Foley. 5. Sam’s last name was Bow. Bill, who didn’t like Sara, gave his Valentine to the girl whose last name was Grant. 6. The five boys were represented by Norman, the boy whose last name was Jeffries, the boy who his Valentine during math class, the boy whose last name was Marsh, and the boy who gave gave a Valentine to Abigail Lewis. Solution:

http://brainden.com/eins .com/einsteins-riddles. teins-riddles.htm htm April 30, 2019 30, 2019 2:40 a.m   Reference:  http://brainden  Reference:

DEL FINADO, Pebielyn B.

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