1.5. Formas de Ondas

 

 

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8.6 Carl Carl hs `f Ak`hs .

8. Fs cuk`hlfkthn quf ta`hs nhs lf`ieiakfs y eèneunas `f uk eireuita fnéetriea `fjhk sfr earrfethlfktf fxhetas. Dfkfrhnlfktf nhs lhdkitu`fs quf sf juseh ehneunhr eh neunhr fk uk eireuita sak nhs tfksiakfs y earrifktfs, nhs euhnfs surdfk h eaksfeufkeih `f nas fnflfktas hetivas y phsivas `f quf eaksth fn eireuita y `f nas euhnfs `fpfk`f su vhnar. :. H nhs lhdkitu`fs hktfs lfkeiakh`hs, sf nfs eakaef eala sføhnfs, hsì, sf tifkfk sføhnfs `f earrifktf y sføhnfs `f tfksiõk nhs euhnfs puf`fk sfr eaksthktfs a vhrihjnfs fk fn tiflpa. Fsths sføhnfs sf dfkfrhk fk euhnquifr phrtf `fn eireuita fnéetriea, yh sfh `fs`f nhs cufktfs `f hnilfktheiõk, fk nas fxtrflas `f nas fnflfktas phsivas a h trhvés `f fnnas, fk euhnquifrh `f sus rhlhs a fk `as `f sus puktas euhnfsquifrh. 5. Nh rfprfsfktheiõk `f fsths sføhnfs quf hvhkzhk eakcarlf fn tiflpa trhkseurrf, `h nudhr h ukh eurvh quf ajf`fef h ukh cukeiõk `fn tipa ealpnfoh. Nhs eurvhs ajtfki`hs puf`fk talhr luemhs carlhs y h fsths nfs `fkalikh eala carlhs `f ak`h `f nh sføhn. Rar na dfkfrhn sf utinizh uk aseinaseapia phrh visuhnizhr nh carlh quf tifkf nh ak`h. 0. Fxistf ukh hlpnih dhlh fk nhs carlhs `f ak`h quf sf puf`fk pra`ueir fk uk uk eireuita fnéetriea, y fsta sf `fjf hn tipa `f cufktf `f hnilfktheiõk hn eireuita, pfra thljiék h quf nas rfsistarfs, ik`uetarfs y ehpheitarfs (fnflfktas phsivas) hcfethk h nh ak`h `f nhs sføhnfs `f tfksiõk y earrifktf. Nhs carlhs `f ak`h sf puf`fk hdruphr fk trfs drupas prikeiphnfs, nas euhnfs sak? h) sføhnfs eak carlh `f ak`h eaksthktf7 j) sføhnfs eak carlh `f ak`h pfriõ`ieh y7 e) sføhnfs eak carlh `f ak`h ka pfriõ`ieh. h) Uføhnfs eak carlh `f ak`h eaksthktf. Uf pra`uefk fk nas eireuitas fnéetrieas rfsistiv rfsistivas as `f earrifktf `irfeth, fs `feir hqufnnas fk nas euhnfs su cufktf `f hnilfktheiõk fs `f earrifktf `irfeth y sus fnflfktas phsivas sak fxenusivhlfktf rfsistarfs.

Eireuita rfsistiva `f earrifktf `irfeth

Carlh `f ak`h

j) Uføhnfs eak carlh `f ak`h pfriõ`ieh. Nhs sføhnfs pfriõ`iehs sak vhrihjnfs fk fn tiflpa y tifkfk su earrfspak`ifktf carlh `f ak`h. Nh carlh `f ak`h `f nhs sføhnfs pfriõ`iehs vh talhk`a vhnarfs quf sf rfpitfk fk fn tiflpa eh`h eifrta iktfrvhna nnhlh`a pfria`a P, fs `feir, c (t) < c (t +P) < c (t + kP), fk `ak`f k < kÿlfra fktfra.

8

 

 

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Vkh ehrhetfrìstieh `f nhs sføhnfs pfriõ`iehs fs su hntfrkhkeih, na quf ilpnieh quf su carlh `f ak`h vh talhk`a vhnarfs pasitivas y kfdhtivas hntfrkh`hlfktf. Fstf tipa `f sføhnfs sak luy utinizh`hs y, fktrf fsths sf fkeufktrhk nh sføhn euh`rh`h, trihkdunhr, fsehnakh`h, sfkai`hn, fte.   Nhs sføhnfs sfkai`hnfs tifkfk su aridfk fk nhs efktrhnfs fnéetriehs dfkfrh`arhs eak eak lèquikhs rathtarihs. Fk fsths, nh tfksiõk `f dfkfrheiõk fs sfkai`hn y hntfrkh y, fk eaksfeufkeih, nh earrifktf quf eireunh par nas eireuitas hnilfkth`as eak fstf tipa `f tfksiõk thljiék fs sfkai`hn y hntfrkh. Hsì, fk nas eireuitas `f earrifktf hntfrkh (EH) sf pra`uefk sføhnfs pfriõ`iehs sfkai`hnfs `f tfksiõk y earrifktf, quf rfspak`fk h nh cukeiõk sfka a easfka.

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Nh EH fs utinizh`h `f lhkfrh l hkfrh dfkfrhnizh`h dfkfrhnizh`h y fs nh carlh fk nh euhn nh fkfrdìh fnéetrieh nnfdh h nas efktras `f eaksula (madhrfs, ealfreias, ik`ustrihs, fte.). Atras foflpnas `f EH, sak nhs sføhnfs `f hu`ia y `f rh`ia trhksliti`hs par nas ehjnfs fnéetrieas. Nh ak`h sfkai`hn tifkf `fciki`h su fxprfsiõk lhtflètieh, par na quf sf puf`f trhjhohr hkhnìtiehlfktf eak fnnh y prfsfkth nhs siduifktfs vfkthohs? I. Nh cukeiõk sfka fstè pfrcfethlfktf `fciki`h lf`ihktf su fxprfsiõk hkhnìtieh y drècieh. Lf`ihktf nas chsarfs sf hkhnizhk eak sulh cheini`h` nas eireuitas `f hntfrkh. II. Nhs ak`hs pfriõ`iehs ka sfkai`hnfs sf puf`fk `fsealpakfr fk sulh `f ukh sfrif `f ak`hs sfkai`hnfs `f `icfrfktfs crfeufkeihs quf rfeijfk fn kaljrf `f hrlõkieas. Fsta fs ukh hpnieheiõk `irfeth `f nhs sfrifs `f Caurifr. III. Uf puf`f dfkfrhr eak cheini`h` y fk lhdkitu`fs `f vhnarfs fnfvh`as phrh cheinithr fn trhkspartf `f nh fkfrdìh fnéetrieh. IS. Uu trhkscarlheiõk fk atrhs ak`hs `f `istikth lhdkitu` sf eaksiduf eak cheini`h` lf`ihktf nh utinizheiõk `f trhkscarlh`arfs.   Nh ak`h euh`rh`h euh`rh`h `f EH, ehljih su lhdkitu` fktrf `as vhnarfs fxtrflas sik phshr par nas vhnarfs iktfrlf`ias (h `icfrfkeih `f nhs ak`hs sfkai`hn y trihkdunhr) y sf ushk fk nh dfkfrheiõk punsas fnéetrieas flpnfh`as eala sføhnfs (8 y 2), quf sak lhkipunh`hs cèeinlfktf. Hn eireuita fnfetrõkiea quf pra`uef ak`hs euh`rh`hs sf nf `fkalikh dfkfrh`ar `f punsas y sak nh jhsf `f nh fnfetrõkieh `idithn. Nhs ak`hs euh`rh`hs phshk `f uk fsth`a h atra `f tfksiõk, h iktfrvhnas rfdunhrfs, fk uk tiflpa luy rf`uei`a y sak ush`hs phrh prajhr hlpnicieh`arfs, pufs fsths sføhnfs eaktifkfk

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fk sì lislhs ta`hs nhs crfeufkeihs. Nh tfnfvisiõk, nh rh`ia y nas ar`fkh`arfs utinizhk fsths sføhnfs, eala rfnaofs y tflparizh`arfs. :

 

 

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