13 Derecho A La Privacidad

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

^DDD VMD@J@ @FXFING J LJ RXDSJID@J@ YVEJXDG;  D. Lj Rrdvjid`j`1 DD. Sd`j Rrdvj`j y Ngmrj1 DDD. Dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl Ngojr y `f ljs

Igeumdijidgmfs Rrdvj`js D. Dmtrg`uiidùm; Lj Rrdvjid`j`

Vmj `f ljs ijrjitfråstdijs fsfmidjlfs `fl @frfing, fs quf ljs mgrejs kurå`dijs quf quf lg igmc igmcgr grej ejm, m, sgm fxtfrdgrfs.   Fllg qudfrf `fidr quf sùlg rfouljm lgs jspfitgs fxtfrmgs `fl sfr nuejmg, ljs ejmdcfstjidgmfs `f su igm`uitj, pfrg sjlvg igmtj`js fxifpidgmfs, kjeês `fhfrê rfouljrsf jspfitgs `f su cufrg åmtdeg. T fllg, pgr iujmtg lj fscfrj åmtdej mg sglg fs drrflfvjmtf pjrj fl @frfing, sdmg quf j`feês, fs umj fscfrj prgtfod`j,  quf mg puf`f vulmfrjrsf md jtjijrsf. Fm fsj edsej lùodij, fxdstfm êehdtgs `f lj vd`j `f lgs sukftgs quf ijfm `fmtrg `fl êehdtg `f lj dmvdgljhdld`j`, y quf sf rfcdfrfm j lj prdvjid`j` `f lgs sukftgs.  Jså, fm fl `frfing jmolgsjkùm fxdstf lg quf sf lljej rdont tg hf jlgmf, fstg fs, fl `frfing j sfr `fkj`g sglg, j mg sfr dmtfrcfrd`g md eglfstj`g. Fl `frfing j jlfkjrsf `fl eum`g sgidjl y fsigkj `fsjrrglljr, fm jhsglutj sglf`j`, g sglg jigepjúj`g pgrfljs pfrsgmjs quf fl dm`dvd`ug (su cjedldj, su pjrfkj, sus jedstj`fs, fti.), su vd`j dmtfrfsfs. Mjturjlefmtf, fstf fspjidg åmtdeg, fspfidjlefmtf prgtfod`g pgr fl gr`fmjedfmtg igmstdtuidgmjl, tdfmf um rfsoujr`g y jepjrg `fldedtj`g pgr lg rjzgmjhlf y kustdcdijhlf.  Jså, sd qudfm qudfrj jlfojr su `frfing j lj prdvjid`j`, pjrj mg sfr kuzoj`g pgr `fldtgs quf sf igeftfm jl dmtfrdgr `f su ngojr, mg tdfmf `frfing j njifrlg. @f fstj ejmfrj, lj rjidgmjld`j` y prgpgridgmjld`j` `f ljs ef`d`js dmvjsdvjs sgm cum`jefmtjlfs pjrj ef`dr  su lfodtded`j` g dlfodtded`j`. Lj prdvjid`j` `f ljs pfrsgmjs fs fspfidjlefmtf jepjrj`j pgr mufstrg tfxtg igmstdtuidgmjl, fm vdrtu` `f su grdfmtjidùm dm`dvd`ujldstj y ldhfrjl, sfoûm lj iujl, ljs pfrsgmjs sgm fspfidjlefmtf ldhrfs fm sus rfljidgmfs åmtdejs. Mj`df fs eês ldhrf sdmg `fmtrg `f su ngojr ngojr,, mj`df sf sdfmt sdfmtf f eês ldhrf `f fxprfsjrs fxprfsjrsf f sdmg iujm`g sjhf quf sus igmvfrsjid igmvf rsjidgmfs gmfs sf ejmtf ejmtfm`rêm m`rêm fm rfsfrv rfsfrvj, j, y lj ejygr pjrtf `f ljs pfrsgmjs eufstrj eufstrjm m su vfr`j`frg sfr y igepgrtjedfmtg iujm`g sf fmiufmtrjm `fmtrg `f um iåriulg `f dmtded`j` y rfsfrvj.  Jngrj, rfspfitg `fl igmifptg `f Rrdvjid`j`,  y `f lj `dstd `dstdmidùm midùm mfifsjrdj fmtrf lg quf fs vd`j pûhldij, `f lg quf fs vd`j prdvj`j, sf njm tfm`d`g `dcfrfmtfs rfspufstjs, `f ljs iujlfs `fstjijrfegs `gs, j sjhfr; j) Lj tfgråj tfgråj `f lgs lgs iåriu iåriulgs lgs igmiä igmiämtrdi mtrdigs. gs.  Yfoûm fstj, lgs fspjidgs `f prdvjid`j`

sf ejmdcdfstj sghrf lj hjsf `f iåriulgs, quf tdfmfm um edseg ifmtrg y quf vjm supfrpgmdäm`gsf umg sghrf gtrg, `fs`f umg eês orjm`f j gtrgs eês pfqufúgs. @f fstj cgrej, pg`råjegs efmidgmjr quf fstgs fspjidgs sf `fsjrrglljm fm lgs sdoudfmtfs mdvflfs; -

Fm fl prdefrg, fl ejygr, sf uhdijm tg`js jquflljs rfljidgmfs y igm`uitjs quf, sdfm`g prdvj`js, sf `fsfmvuflvfm fm fspjidgs pûhldigs. Rgr fkfeplg :

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

sgm jquflljs rfljidgmfs quf sf `fsjrrglljm pgr lg tjmtg fm lj ijllf y fm lgs fspjidgs pûhldigs, pfrg quf j pfsjr `f jqufllg sdouf sdfm`g pjrtf `f lj vd`j vd`j prd prdvj vj`j `j11 pg pgrr lg tj tjmt mtg, g, sg sglg lg pu puf` f`fm fm sf sfrr `j `j`g `gss j ig igmg mgif ifrr ig igm m lj jifptjidùm `fl tdtuljr `fl `frfing. Yf rfcdfrf, pgr fkfeplg, j lgs fmiufmtrgs g igmvfrsjidgmfs quf pg`råjm tfmfr `gs pfrsgmjs fm um ijcä g fm lj ijllf g fm pljzj, rfcdfrf jl trêmsdtg quf pg`råj tfmfr umjpûhldijs. pfrsgmj Fm `f umjumj idu`j` j tjehdäm gtrj g susfpjrtdidpjidùm fm ejrinjs g prgtfstjs fstf ijsg, lj pfrsgmj tglfrj y jifptj quf sfj vdstg pgr lgs trjmsfûmtfs edfmtr edf mtrjs js ejm ejmtdf tdfmf mf fst fstgs gs fmi fmiufmt ufmtrgs rgs,, pfrg pfrg mg jså fl igm igmtfmd tfmd`g `g `f lgs edsegs. -

Fxdstf um sfoum`g idriulg eês ifrrj`g quf sf rfcdfrf j umj fscfrj eês prdvj`j, j um êehdtg eês rf`uid`g, sf rfcdfrf j igm`uitjs, `fidsdgmfs, gpdmdgmfs quf sf `jm fm fspjidg prdvj`gs, fm zgmjs prdvj`js1 jiê fl tdtuljr  `fl `frfing, sdm fehjrog, pg`råj rfmumidjr j fstj dmcgrejidùm sd fs quf vglumtjrdjefmtf lj `j j igmgifr. @fmtrg `f fstj fscfrj sf fmigmtrjråjm, pgr  fkfeplg, ljs trjmsjiidgmfs hjmijråjs, ljs rfljidgmfs ljhgrjlfs, lgs oustgs eusdijlfs g jrtåstdigs fm ofmfrjl, ljs prfcfrfmidjs pglåtdijs, fti. J `dcfrfmidj `fl `fl pr prde defr fr iå iåri riul ulg g `g `gm` m`f f njy njy umj umj ji jifp fptj tjid idùm ùm y tg tglf lfrj rjmi midj dj `f qu quf f fvfmtujlefmtf qufmg“pjsf jitgr, puf`j lg quf suif`f, umj fm flpfrsgmj sfoum`g fxdstfifrij― fstj `fl jifptjidùm sdmg fmtfrjrsf quf sf `j`f j igmgifr lg quf lj pfrsgmj qudfrj.

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Fxdstf um tfrifr iåriulg eês ifrrj`g quf sf igmsd`frj quf fm lg prdvj`g fs lg eês åmtdeg `f lj pfrsgmj. Njhljegs, pgr fkfeplg, `f sus prfcfrfmidjs y igm`ui igm `uitjs tjs sfxujl sfxujlfs, fs, `f sus igm igmvdi vdiidg idgmfs mfs jif jifrij rij `f lg `dvdmg `dvdmg,, `f sus rfljidgmfs igm sus ndkgs, fti. Fm fstgs ijsgs fl iåriulg sf fstrfinj jûm eês y quf`j rf`uid`g j ljs rfljidgmfs y pfrifpidgmfs jhsglutjefmtf åmtdejs `f umj pfr pfrsgm sgmj. j. Rjr Rjrj j jlo jloumg umgss jut jutgrf grfss ige igeg g Êmof Êmoflj lj Sdvjm Sdvjmig ig fst fstf f ûlt ûltdeg deg iåriulg sfråj j`feês drrfmumidjhlf, vjlf `fidr, fm `fcfmsj `f lj `domd`j` y `f lj ldhfrtj` `f ljs pfrsgmjs mg `fhfråjm sfr `j`gs j igmgifr dmilusg igm lj jifptjidùm `fl tdtuljr `fl `frfing :. Fm lg pfrsgmjl mg igmigr`jegs igm lj vdsdùm vds dùm `f Êmo Êmoflj flj Sdvjm Sdvjmig, ig, yj quf pfm pfmsje sjegs gs quf fstj fstj dmc dmcgre grejid jidùm ùm fs pfrcfitjefmtf rfmumidjhlf sd lj `fidsdùm dm`dvd`ujl `f ij`j pfrsgmj mg `júj lj prdvjid`j` `f gtrj pfrsgmj.

Lj jmtfrdgr tfgråj mgs pfredtf `dstdmoudr lg Rrdvj`g `f lg Åmtdeg, lgs iujlfs mg sgm igmifptgs jhsglutjefmtf `dstdmtgs, yj eês hdfm quf tdfmfm umj rfljidùm `f oämfrg-fspfidf. Lg Rrdvj`g fs fl oämfrg y lg Åmtdeg fs lj fspfidf. Yd pfmsjegs, pgr  :

  “Lj rfjld`j` fs quf tjmtg vd`j prdvj`j igeg dmtded`j` sgm pjrtfs `f um tg`g jl quf puf`f `jrsf fl mgehrf `f prdvjid`j` y quf jitûjm jitûjm igeg umj sufrtf `f iåriulgs. Fl iåriulg iåriulg eês fxtfrdgr, rfljtdvg j lj vd`j prdvj`j, prdvj`j, sf trj`uif fm umj rfsfrvj `fl pûhldig `f idfrtgs nfings g jitgs, fstj rfsfrvj puf`f sfr lfvjmtj`j iujm`g fstjegs fm prfsfmidj `fl igmsfmtdedfmtg `fl prgpdg tdtuljr. Crfmtf j fstf êehdtg, lj dmtded`j` fstê rfprfsfmtj`j pgr um iåriulg eês pfqufúg f dmtfrmg, dmtf rmg, quf igmtdfmf igmtdfmf jqufllgs jqufllgs flfefmtgs flfefmtgs quf sgm eês pfrsgmjl pfrsgmjlfs, fs, quf, `f suy suyg, g, `fhf `fhfmm quf` quf`jr jr sust sustrjå`g rjå`gss jl igmgid igm gided edfmt fmtg, g, lj dmkfrf dmkfrfmid midjj y j lj dmt dmtfrv frvfmi fmidù dùmm `f lgs `feês, `feês, jum iuj iujm`g m`g fl prgpdg prgpdg tdtulj tdtuljrr j`e j`edtd dtdfrj frj fm fllg, fllg, cum`jefmtjlefmtf cum`jefmtjle fmtf fm jsgidjidùm jsgidjidùm igm fl rfspftg pgr lj `domd`j` `fl ngehrf, sus irffmidjs, igmidfmid igmidfmidjj y su d`fmtd`j`― 8

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

fkfeplg, fm lj `fidsdùm `f jloudfm `f vdjkjr j gtrj idu`j` `f vjijidgmfs pg`fegs `fidr quf fs jlog prdvj`g, pfrg mg fs åmtdeg1 ljs trjmsjiidgmfs hjmijrdjs tjehdäm sgm prdvj`js, pfrg mg sgm åmtdejs. Fl quf sfj igmiämtrdig qudfrf `fidr quf tdfmfm um edseg ifmtrg, fl iujl fs lj Rfrsgmj. Dmtded`j` fm sfmtd`g fstrditg

Xfljidgmfs  prdvj`js quf sf `jm fm fspjidgs  prdvj`gs Xfljidgmfs prdvj`js quf sf `fsjrrglljm fm fspjidgs pûhldigs

h) Lj Pfgr Pfgråj åj `f lgs Egsj Egsjdigs digs; Igeg sjhfegs, lgs egsjdigs sgm rfprfsfmtjidgmfs

jrtåstdijs quf sf prg`uifm pgr lj umdùm `f `dstdmtjs crjiidgmfs, `f doujl g `dstdmtg ejtfrdjl (trgzgs `f ifrêedijs, pfqufújs pdf`rjs, irdstjlfs, fti.). Yfoûm fstj tfgråj um egsjdig edrj`g igeg igmkumtg pfredtf `ftfredmjr fl rgl quf giupj ij`j umg `f lgs pfqufúgs trgzgs `f irdstjl g ifrêedij quf lg cgrejm. @f fstj ejmfrj, ij`j pjrtf iueplf umj cumidùm y fs depgrtjmtf `fmtrg `fl iuj`rg sglg sd edrjegs fl igmtfxtg. Vm pfqufúg trgzg `f ifrêedij mforg jl fxtrjfrlg fs sdeplfefmtf um pf`jzg `f pdf`rj, pfrg `fmtrg `fl egsjdig puf`f sfr umj pdfzj cum`jefmtjl `fmtrg `fl iuj`rg olghjlefmtf jmjldzj`g. Rgr lg tjmtg, sùlg vdfm`g fl igmtfxtg sjhrfegs sjhrfegs sd fsj pdfzj rfprfsfmt rfprfsfmtj, j, pgr fkfepl fkfeplg g fl gkg `f 9

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

umj cdourj nuejmj g hdfm, sd fs umj `f euinjs gtrjs pdfzjs mforjs quf lgorjm rfprfsfmtjr lj mginf `f cgm`g. Lj pjrêhglj `fl egsjdig mgs trjtj `f rfclfkjr quf, fm `fcdmdtdvj, lj dmcgrejidùm fspfiåcdij mg `fhf sfr trjtj`j igeg pûhldij g prdvj`j fm cgrej jdslj`j, sdmg quf mfifsjrdjefmtf `fhf sfr jmjldzj`j `fmtrg `fl igmtfxtg `f lj pfrsgmj. pgr fkfeplg, fl ejtrdegmdg `f umj um fxtrjmkfrg puf`fpfrg sfr  umj Jså, idriumstjmidj jhsglutjefmtf prdvj`j fmpfrsgmj lj ejygrigm ijmtd`j` `f lgs ijsgs, sd qudfm sf ijsj fs fl Rrfsd`fmtf `f lj Xfpûhldij fl igmtfxtg pfredtf `ftfredmjr  quf fsj dmcgrejidùm fs sgidjlefmtf rflfvjmtf. Lgs oustgs eusdijlfs `f umj pfrsgmj cgrejm pjrtf `f su vd`j prdvj`j, j efmgs quf fl igmtfxtg mgs pfredtj `ftfredmjr quf fsj dmcgrejidùm fs rflfvjmtf sd sf trjtj `f um igepgsdtgr cjegsg. Ljs trjmsjiidgmfs igefridjlfs `f umj pfrsgmj pfrtfmfifm j su vd`j prdvj`j, j efmgs quf fl igmtfxtg `fmtrg `fl iujl sf rfjldifm sfj `fmtrg `f um ljvj`g `f `dmfrg pjrj fsigm`fr g fmiuhrdr um trêcdig `f `rgojs. Lj tfgråj `f `f lgs iåriulgs igmiämtrdigs fs efmgs ghkftdvj y eês pjrfid`j j umj kfrjrqudzjidùm. Lj sfoum`j tfgråj, fs `fidr, lj `f egsjdigs fs eês pjrfid`j j umj pgm`frjidùm, fs mfifsjrdg rfvdsjr lgs igmtfxtgs, yj quf sd `fmtrg `fl igmtfxtg lj sdtujidùm fs rflfvjmtf fl trjtjedfmtg vj j sfr `dstdmtg. Mufstrj Igmstdtuidùm Rglåtdij prgtfof lj Dmtded`j` `f ljs Rfrsgmjs, pfrg mg sglg lj dmtded`j`, y lg njif prdmidpjlefmtf j lj luz `f `gs `dspgsdidgmfs; j. Lj `fl :4 M» 0 sghrf prgtfiidùm `f lj vd`j prdvj`j y ngmrj `f lj pfrsgmj y su cjedldj. h. Lj `fl :4 M» 6 sghrf dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl ngojr y `f ljs igeumdijidgmfs prdvj`js. Fm igmirftg, lg quf `dinjs `dspgsdidgmfs fstjhlfifm fs; “   Jrt.

:4. Lj

Igmstdtuidùm jsfourj j tg`js ljs pfrsgmjs;

0».-  Fl  Fl

rfspftg y prgtfiidùm j lj vd`j prdvj`j y j lj ngmrj `f lj pfrsgmj y su cjedldj1 6».-  Lj  Lj sùlg dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl ngojr y `figeumdijidgmfs tg`j cgrej `f igeumdijidùm prdvj`j. Fl  ngojr puf`f jlljmjrsf y ljs y `giuefmtgs prdvj`gs dmtfrifptjrsf, jhrdrsf g rfodstrjrsf fm lgs ijsgs y cgrejs `ftfredmj`gs pgr  lj lfy.― 

0

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

DD. Fl rfspftg y prgtfiidùm j lj vd`j prdvj`j y j lj ngmrj `f lj pfrsgmj y su cjedldj

(Xfspftg y prgtfiidùm `f lj vd`j prdvj`j ’ Xfspftg y prgtfiidùm `f lj ngmrj `f lj pfrsgmj y su cjedldj ’ Xfcgrej Igmstdtuidgmjl `f 8226 ’ Ojrjmtåjs Ku`didjlfs) 

Xfspftg y Rrgtfiidùm `f lj Sd`j Rrdvj`j

Yf trj trjtj tj `f um igm igmifp ifptg tg `dm `dmêed êedig, ig, `f `dc `dcåid åidll `fc `fcdmd dmdidù idùm, m, pfrg pfrg quf sf rfc rfcdfr dfrf f hêsdijefmtf j tg`gs jqufllgs jspfitgs `f lj vd`j quf lj pfrsgmj mg `fsfj quf sfjm igmgid`gs pgr tfrifrgs, sdm su igmsfmtdedfmtg. Yf rfcdfrf j ljs rfljidgmfs `f cjedldj, j lg rfljtdvg j lj vd`j sfxujl, igmyuojl g `geästdij `f um sfr nuejmg. Sjlf lj pfmj, rfvdsjr lj gpdmdùm vfrtd`j pgr Kjdef Ouzeêm, fm su ijld`j` `f edfehrg `f lj Igedsdùm `f Fstu`dgs `f lj Mufvj Igmstdtuidùm (IFMI), qudfm sfújlù quf lj prdvjid`j`  “fmvuflvf fl êehdtg `f umj zgmj `f lj vd`j `f lj pfrsgmj quf `fhf quf`jr prfidsjefmtf fxilud`j `f lj mgtdidj g dmvjsdùm fxtfrmj―.  Gtrj vdsdùm fs lj `fl Igmsfkg `f Ätdij `f lgs Ef`dgs `f Igeumdijidùm Ygidjl, fl iujl nj fstjhlfid`g quf “ lj vd`j prdvj`j sf rfcdfrf j ljs igm`uitjs, fl fspjidg quf ij`j pfrsgmj mfifsdtj y `fsfj ejmtfmfr jlfkj`gs `f lgs gkgs y gå`gs fxtrjúgs, sf trjtj `fl mûilfg `f lj vd`j pfrsgmjl, `fl rfidmtg `f fxpjmsdùm y vfr`j`frj ldhfrtj` `fl sukftg, quf ästf mg jifptj igepjrtdr  igm mj`df g quf igepjrtf igm sus eês åmtdegs―.

Fm tjmt tjmtg, g, pj pjrj rj Kgsä Kgsä Lu Luds ds If Ifj, j, lj vd`j vd`j pr prdv dvj` j`j j fs fl ig igmk mkum umtg tg `f js jsum umtg tgs, s, igm`uitjs, `giuefmtgs, igeumdijidgmfs, deêofmfs g rfidmtgs quf, fl tdtuljr `fl hdfm  kurå`dig prgtfod`g mg `fsfj quf sfjm igmgid`gs pgr tfrifrgs sdm su igmsfmtdedfmtg prfvdg. Yd Ydm m fe fehj hjrog rog,, iujm iujm`g `g lgs lgs nfin nfings gs quf quf sdfm sdfm`g `g `f lj fs fscf cfrj rj pr prdv dvj` j`j, j, sf sfjm jm igmstdtutdvgs `f `fldtg, fmtgmifs `fsjpjrfif lj prgtfiidùm y pg`rêm sfr `dvuloj`gs. 

Xfspftg y Rrgtfiidùm `f ` f lj Ngmrj `f lj Rfrsgmj Rfrsgm j y su Cjedldj C jedldj

@fhf fmtfm`frsf pgr “ngmrj―, fl ngmgr fm sfmtd`g ghkftdvg, vjlf `fidr, lj hufmj cjej, irä`dtg g rfputjidùm quf umj pfrsgmj ogzj fm fl jehdfmtf sgidjl. Fl sfmtd`g suhkftdvg mg fstê prgtfod`g, g sfj, jquäl quf sf rfcdfrf j lj jutgfstdej u groullg quf ij`j iujl sdfmtf `f så edseg. Rgr su pjr pjrtf, tf, tjl ige igeg g vde vdegs gs fm su gpg gpgrtu rtumd` md`j`, j`, lj Igmstd Igmstdtui tuidùm dùm mg `fcdmf `fcdmf “cjedl “cj edldj― dj―,, pgr lg quf `fh `fhfrf frfegs egs jig jigofrm ofrmgs gs j lj `fc `fcdmd dmdidù idùm m jep jepldj ldj quf fmtrfo fmtrfojeg jegss jmtfrdgrefmtf rfspfitg `f fstf täredmg. Lj ngmrj `f lj cjedldj dmiluyf lj `f tg`gs sus edfehrgs edfeh rgs dmilusg lgs yj cjllfid`g cjllfid`gs, s, qudfmfs `f tg`gs eg`gs, cgrejm pjrtf `fl prfst prfstdodg dodg `fl mûilfg cjedldjr, y pgr lg tjmtg, efrfifm rfspftg. Iujm`g Iuj m`g njh njhlje ljegs gs `f cje cjedld dldj j fst fstjeg jegss nji njidäm däm`gl `glg g fm um sfmtd` sfmtd`g g jepldg jepldg ige igeg g fl igmkumtg `f pfrsgmjs umd`js pgr um våmiulg `f ejtrdegmdg, `f pjrfmtfsig g `f j`gpidùm, pfrg tjehdäm dmiluyf tg`js ljs rfljidgmfs jcfitdvjs quf pg`råjm `jrsf `fmtrg `fl ngojr sdm quf mfifsjrdjefmtf pfmsfegs fm fl ejtrdegmdg igeg ûmdig våmiulg. Fs um igmifptg vêlvulj, fs `fidr, umj `fcdmdidùm quf vj fvgluidgmjm`g fm fl tdfepg. Mgsgtrgs vjegs j sgstfmfr quf lj ngmrj `f lj cjedldj dmiluyf tjehdäm lj `f lgs edfehrgs yj cjllfid`gs, qudfmfss cgrej qudfmf cgrejm m pjrtf `fl prfstdodg `fl mûilfg cjedldjr y pgr lg tjmtg efrfif efrfifm m rfspftg. Lj 6

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

cjedldj mg fs tdtuljr `f `frfings, lg quf sf prgtfof fs um hdfm quf lf pfrtfmfif j um tdtuljr  y fl tdtuljr fs um dm`dvd`ug, mg sf prgtfof lj ngmrj `f lj cjedldj, sf prgtfof lj ngmrj `f su cjedldj  

8

Xfcgrej Igmstdtuidgmjl Igmstdtuidg mjl `f 8226  

 Jmtfs `f lj Xfcgrej Igmstdtuidgmjl dmtrg`uid`j pgr lj Lfy M» 82.262 `fl júg 8226, fl Mûefrg 0 `fl jrtåiulg :4 sfújljhj lg sdoudfmtf; “   Jrt.

:4; Lj

Igmstdtuidùm jsfourj j tg`js ljs pfrsgmjs;

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Fl rfspftg y prgtfiidùm j lj vd`j prdvj`j y pûhldij y j lj ngmrj `f lj pfrsgmj y `f su cjedldj. Lj dmcrjiidùm `f fstf prfifptg, igeftd`j j trjväs `f um ef`dg `f igeumdijidùm sgidjl, y quf igmsdstdfrf fm lj deputjidùm `f um nfing g jitg cjlsg, g quf ijusjrf dmkustdcdij`jefmtf `júg g `fsirä`dtg j umj  pfrsgmj g j su cjedldj, cjedldj, sfrê igmstdtutdvj igmstdtutdvj `f `fldtg y tfm`rê lj sjmidùm quf `ftfredm `ftf redmf f lj lfy. lfy. Igm tg`g, fl ef`dg ef`dg `f igeumdijidù igeumdijidùm m sgidjl sgidjl pg`rê pg`rê fxifpidgmjrsf prghjm`g jmtf fl trdhumjl igrrfspgm`dfmtf lj vfr`j` `f lj deputjidùm,, j efmgs quf fllj igmstdtuyj pgr så edsej fl `fldtg `f dmkurdj deputjidùm j pj pjrt rtdi diul uljr jrfs fs.. J`fe J`feês ês,, lgs lgs prgp prgpdf dftj tjrd rdgs gs,, f` f`dt dtgr grfs fs,, `drf `drfit itgr grfs fs y  j`edmdst j`ed mdstrj`g rj`grfs rfs `fl ef`dg ef`dg `f igeumdij igeumdijidùm idùm sgidjl sgidjl rfsp rfspfitd fitdvg vg sfrêm sfrêm sgld`jrdjefmtf rfspgmsjhlfs `f ljs dm`femdzjidgmfs quf prgif`jm―.

 J pjrtdr pjrtdr `f fstj rfcgrej, sf eg`dcdi eg`dcdij j fl muefrjl 0, fm `gs sfmtd`gs; (j) Yf fldedmj lj prgtfiidùm `f lj vd`j pûhldij `f ljs pfrsgmjs. Yf fstdeù fm su

egefmtg quf fstf `frfing frj dmmfifsjrdg sfoudr ejmtfmdäm`glg, yj quf fm vfr` vfr`j` j` mg sdomd sdomdcdcdij ijhj hj jpgrt jpgrtf f jlou jloumg mg j lj pr prgt gtfi fiid idùm ùm `f lj `d `domd omd`j `j` ` `f lj ljss pfrsgmjs. Yf trjtj `f um `frfing quf mg tfmåj pjrjmoùm `fmtrg `fl `frfing igepjrj`g, md tjepgig sf fmigmtrjhj dmigrpgrj`g fm fl `frfing dmtfrmjidgmjl `f lgs lgs `frf `frfin ings gs nu nuej ejmg mgs. s. J lj vfz, vfz, ofmf ofmfrj rjhj hj umj umj sf sfrd rdf f `f ig igmc mcldldit itgs gs fmtr fmtrf f pfrsgmjkfs pfrsg mjkfsrflfvjmtfs pûhldigs pûhldigs,, qudfm qudfmfs fs lg dmvgi dmvgijhjm pjrjtjehdäm depf`d depf`drr pûhldij. quf sf `dfrjm igmgifr  igmgifr  jspfitgs sgidjlefmtf `fjhjm su vd`j Ijhf j`fstjijr, cdmjlefmtf, quf lg quf sf `frgoù cuf lj prgtfiidùm j lj vd`j pûhldij `f ljs pfrsgmjs, lg quf fm mdmoûm ijsg puf`f igmcum`drsf igm lj prgtfiidùm j lj vd`j prdvj`j `f ljs pfrsgmjs pûhldijs, hdfm kurå`dig quf sdouf sdfm`g prgtfod`g dmilusg fm hfmfcdidg `f tg`gs. (h) Yf `frgoj fl dmidsg sfoum`g quf fstjhlfiåj fl lljej`g `fldtg `f “`dcjejidùm―. Pjeh jehdäm däm sf igm igmsd` sd`frù frù dmm dmmfif fifsjr sjrdg dg ejm ejmtfm tfmfrl frlg, g, pgr iuj iujmtg mtg sf trj trjtjh tjhj j `f lj igmsjorjidùm `f `fldtgs quf yj fstjhjm tdpdcdij`gs fm lj lfy, igeg lgs `f dmkurdj y ijluemdj. Fm vfr`j`, rfsultj um jvjmif depgrtjmtf pgr fldedmjr tg`g rjstrg `f rfstrdiidùm j lj ldhfrtj` `f fxprfsdùm, igmsjorj`j tjehdäm igmstdtuidgmjlefmtf pgr  fl jrt. :4 M» :8 `f lj IRX. 8

 Mg sf prfoumtjrê fm lj prufhj md fm fl fxjefm. 3

 

@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

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Ojrjmtåjs Ojrjm tåjs ku`di k u`didjlfs djlfs

Lgs `frfings fstjhlfid`gs fm fstf muefrjl, sf fmiufmtrjm prgtfod`gs pgr lj jiidùm igmstdtuidgmjl `f prgtfiidùm `fl jrt. 82 `f lj IRX.

DD. Lj Dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl Ngojr y `f tg`j cgrej `f Igeumdijidùm Rrdvj`j

(Lj dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl ngojr ’ Lj Dmvdgljhdld`j` `f tg`j cgrej `f Igeumdijidùm Rrdvj`j ’ Ljs ldedtjidgmfs jl @frfing ’ Ojrjmtåjs Ku`didjlfs) Ku` didjlfs) 

Lj dmvdgljhd dmvdg ljhdld`j` ld`j` `fl `f l Ngojr

Fl täredmg “ngojr― igeg tjmtgs gtrgs, tjepgig sf fmiufmtrj `fcdmd`g pgr lfy. Ydm fehjrog, iljrjefmtf mg sf puf`f idriumsirdhdr sùlg jl luojr `gm`f umj pfrsgmj rfsd`f, sdmg quf tjehdäm j tg`gs jqufllgs quf sf vdmiulfm igm `ftfredmj`g êehdtg prdvj`g `fl sukftg. Fm prdefr täredmg, `fhfegs igdmid`dr quf fl ngojr jlu`f j um hdfm dmeufhlf.  J`feês, `fhf tfmfr idfrtjs ijrjitfråstdijs suhkftdvjs quf fxif`jm lj sdeplf ijld`j` `f hdfm rjåz “quf lf pfrtfmfzij―   j jloudfm, yj quf lj prgpdf`j` g `gedmdg sf fmiufmtrj prgtfod`j pgr gtrj ojrjmtåj (:4 M» 80). G sfj, lj dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl ngojr, mg prgtfof “jl dmeufhlf― igeg tjl (prgtfod`g pgr fl `frfing `f prgpdf`j`), sdmg quf j su ijld`j` `f sfr  fl fspjidg prgpdidg pjrj fl `fsjrrgllg `f lj dmtded`j`. Rgr lg tjmtg, fl ngojr sf rfljidgmj igm fl fspjidg cåsdig, `gm`f ljs pfrsgmjs `fsfmvuflvjm su vd`j prdvj`j, sdm depgrtjr sd fl dmeufhlf lf pfrtfmfif g mg jl dm`dvd`ug, dmiluyfm`g `fmtrg `f fstgs fspjidgs; fl `gedidldg, fl luojr `f trjhjkg, ljs ijsjs `f vfrjmfg, fti. Fmtfm`fegs, pgr ûltdeg quf `fmtrg `f lj mgidùm `f “dmvdgljhdld`j`― mg sùlg `fhfeg `fh fegss igm igmtfe tfeplj pljrr lgs dmo dmorfs rfsgs gs cås cåsdig digss cgr cgrzj` zj`gs gs j um rfidmt rfidmtg, g, sdmg sdmg quf tjehdä tjehdäm m efijmdsegs doujlefmtf dmtrusdtgs, jumquf efmgs vdglfmtgs. Jså pgr fkfeplg, tjehdäm sf vdglj fl ngojr iujm`g sf orjhj g cdlej lg quf giurrf fm su dmtfrdgr, sdm jutgrdzjidùm `f sus egrj`grfs. 

Lj Dmvdgljhdld`j` Dmvdgljh dld`j` `f ljs igeumdijidgmfs prdvj`js

Cdmjlefmtf, fl jrtåiulg :4 M» 6 tjehdäm fstjhlfif lj prgtfiidùm `f tg`j cgrej `f igeumdijidùm prdvj`j. @fmtrg `f ljs igeumdijidgmfs prdvj`js sf igmtfeplj tg`g tdpg `f flljs, g sfj, igmvfrsjidgmfs `drfitjs, pgr tfläcgmg, cjx, igrrfg flfitrùmdig, sdstfejs dmcgreêtdigs `f efmsjkfråj dmstjmtêmfj, fti. Lg quf fs euy depgrtjmtf fm fstf pumtg fs quf ljs igeumdijidgmfs prdvj`js sfoudrêm ejmtfmdäm`gsf `f fsj ejmfrj, njstj iujm`g qudfm dmtfrvfmoj fm fllj jifptf `dcum`drljs. Ydm ef`djidùm `f lj vglumtj`, lj igmvfrsjidùm sdouf sdfm`g prdvj`j.

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@frfing Igmstdtuidgmjl ’ Nuog Pùrtgrj - 82:?

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Ljs ldedtjid lded tjidgmfs gmfs jl `frfing `fr fing

Pjmtg lj dmvdgljhdld`j` `fl ngojr igeg `f ljs igeumdijidgmfs prdvj`js puf`fm sfr ldedtj`js “fm lgs ijsgs y cgrejs quf `ftfredmf lj lfy―.  Jså, sf fstjhlfif quf, lj lfy lfy pg`rê jcfitjr; (j) lj dmvdgljhdld`j` dmvdgljhd ld`j` ngojrRrgifsjl ef`djmt ef`djmtf f lgs jlljmjedfmtgs , lgs iujlfs `f jiufr`g jl jrtåiulg 826 `fl `fl Iù`dog Rfmjl (IRR), sùlg pg`rêm fcfitujrsf sd fxdstf

igmsfmtdedfmtg `f su prgpdftjrdg g fmijroj`g, g hdfm, prfvdj gr`fm ku`didjl jl fcfitg. Pjehdäm lj pgldiåj pg`rê fmtrjr j um luojr ifrrj`g sdm igmsfmtdedfmtg `fl prgpdftjrdg g fmijroj`g md jutgrdzjidùm ku`didjl, fm ijsg `f `fldtg cljorjmtf (jrt. 823 `fl IRR)1 dmvdgl dgljhdl jhdld`j d`j` ` `f ljs igeum igeumdij dijidg idgmfs mfs prdvj` prdvj`js, js, j trj trjväs väs `f dmtfrifptjidùm, (h) lj dmv jpfrturj g rfodstrg `f ljs edsejs. Jl rfspfitg, ijhf `fstjijr lj mgrej `fl jrt. 8:4 `fl IRR quf fstjhlfif quf fl kufz `f ojrjmtåj pg`rê jutgrdzjr, j pftdidùm `fl cdsi cdsijl jl,, qu quf f iujl iujlqu qudf dfrr fe fepr prfs fsj j `f igeu igeumd mdij ijid idgmf gmfss cj cjid idldldtf tf ig igpd pdjs js `f lj ljss igeumdijidgmfs trjmsedtd`js g rfidhd`js pgr flljs. J`feês, fl kufz `f ojrjmtåj pg`rê gr`fmjr, tjehdäm j sgldidtu` `fl edmdstfrdg pûhldig, lj dmtfrifptjidùm g orjhjidùm `f ljs igeumdijidgmfs tflfcùmdijs u gtrjs cgrejs `f tflfigeumdijidùm, iujm`g nuhdfrfm cum`j`js sgspfinjs quf sf nuhdfrf igeftd`g g quf sf fstä prfpjrjm`g lj igedsdùm `f um `fldtg (jrt. 888 `fl IRR) 

Ojrjmtåjs Ojrjm tåjs Ku`did Ku `didjlfs jlfs

Fl `frfing igmsjorj`g fm fl jrt. :4 M» 6 sf fmiufmtrj jepjrj`g pgr lj jiidùm igmstdtuidgmjl `f prgtfiidùm `fl jrt. 82 `f lj IRX. Fllg, sdm pfrkudidg `f ljs ojrjmtåjs fspfiåcdijs fstjhlfid`js fm fl prgif`dedfmtg pfmjl, fm lgs ijsgs quf ljs ldedtjidgmfs sf rfjldifm sdm rfspftjr ljs igm`didgmfs lfojlfs y/g y/g igms igmstdtdtu tuid idgmj gmjlf lfs, s, `fmt `fmtrg rg `f ljs ljs iujl iujlfs fs `f `fst stji jij j lj “iju ijutflj tflj `f ojrjmtåj ojrjmtåjs―  s― , `f igepftfmidj `fl kufz `f ojrjmtåj.

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