12.Termodinamika 1 2

San Santi Febri ebri Aria Arian nti

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Sistem dan Fungsi Keadaan

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Proses •

•

Suat Suatu u sis sistem dapa dapatt meng mengal alam amii peru peruba baha han n keada eadaan an mela melaui ui pros proses es.. Suat Suatu u pros proses es dapat dapat ber bersif sifat at::  , syarat: syarat:  Reversibel   – prose prosess dapat dapat dibali dibalika kan n arahn arahnya ya  – Prose Prosess harus harus berla berlangs ngsung ung sedem sedemiki ikian an lamba lambatn tnya ya..  – hamp hampir ir pada pada tiap tiap pros proses es di di alam alam..  Tak-reversibel  – 



•

Penge engerj rjaan aan pros proses es dapa dapatt dilak dilakuk ukan an seca secarra:

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Energi •

•

Ener Energi gi adal adalah ah kemam emampu puan an untu untuk k mela melak kukan ukan kerja (move (move mass over a distance distance or transf transfer er heat) Bent Bentuk uk Ener Energi gi::  

 – mun muncul cul akib akiba at gerak erakan an sua suatu obje objek k  Kinetik  – muncul ul akib akiba at perb perbed edaa aan n posi posisi si  Potensial  –  – munc

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Ener Energi gi Kine Kineti tik: k: Ene Enerrgi Ger Gerak •

KE = ½mv 2

•

muncul akib akiba at gerak erakan an sua suatu objek jek

•

Conto Contoh: h: tran transf sfer er ener energi gi dari dari air air pan panas as deng dengan an cang cangki kirr

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Ener Energi gi pot potensi ensial al:: akib akiba at perb perbed edaa aan n posi posisi si •

Ener Energi gi pot potensi ensial al meni mening ngk kat ketik etika: a:  –

Benda Benda saling saling dijauhk dijauhkan, an, or or

 –

Benda Benda saling saling didek didekatk atkan an

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Your Turn! Which of the following is not a form of kinetic energy? A

A pencil rolls across a desk

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Satu Satuan an Ener Energi gi •

Satuan Satuan SI = Joule Joule,, J  –

J = kg.m/s2

 –

1000 J= 1 kJ

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Panas (q) tidak sama dengan Suhu (T) •

suatu ben benda seb sebanding ding dengan rata Suhu (T) sua rat ata a ener energi gi kine kineti tik k parti partik kel-pa el-parti rtik kel pada pada

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Keada eadaan an Seti Setimb mban ang g •

 kesetimbangan termal terja erjadi di bila bila ener energi gi yang ang masu masuk k dan dan yang ang kelua eluarr sis sistem sama sama juml umlahn ahnya pada pada saa saat bersamaan.

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j ( )

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Contoh Soal

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Huk Huk

Kekek ekekal al

En gi

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Hk.

dinamika dinamika

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h

l

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•

  Kalor pembentukan, iala ialah h kalor alor yang ang men menyert yertai ai pemb pemben entu tuk kan 1 mol mol sen senyawa awa dari dari unsu unsurr-un unsu surn rny ya, contoh:

½ N2(g) + 1 ½ H2(g)

C(s) + O2(g) •

NH3(g)

CO2(g)

∆Hf o = -46 kJ mol -1 ∆Hf o = -394 kJ mol-1

  Kalor penguraian, iala ialah h kalor alor yang ang men menyert yertai ai peng pengur urai aian an 1 mol mol sen senyawa lang langsu sun ng menj menjad adii unsu unsurrunsurnya, contoh:

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•

ialah h kalor alor yang ang men menyert yertai ai   Kalor penetralan, iala pemb pemben entu tuk kan 1 mol mol air air dar darii reak eaksi pene penetr tral alan an (asam –basa), contoh:

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)

NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

HBr(aq) + ½ Ba(OH) 2(aq) •

∆H = 121 kJ mol -1

½ BaBr2(aq) + H2O(l) ∆H=98kJmol-1

yakni ni kalor alor yang ang men menyert ertai sua suatu reak eaksi   Kalor reaksi , yak denga dengan n koefisie oefisien n yang yang paling paling sederhan sederhana, a, contoh contoh::

3H ( ) + N ( )

2NH (g)

∆H o = -46 kJ mol -1

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Cara Percobaan Kalorimeter , yaitu alat untuk mengukur kalor yang ang diha dihasi sila lan n at atau au dise diserrap reaks eaksi. i.

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Enthalpy Measured in a Coffee Cup Calorimeter

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Hukum Hess Kalor yang menyertai suatu reaksi tidak bergantung  pada jalan yang yang ditempuh tetap tetapii hanya pada pada keadaan keadaan awal dan da n akhir akhi r. •

Contoh:

(1) C(s) + O2(g)

CO2(g)

∆H1 = a

(2) C(s) + ½ O2(g)

CO(g)

∆H2 = b

(3) CO(g) + ½ O2(g)

CO2(g)

∆H3 = a

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Contoh Soal •

Tentu entuk kan kalor alor reaks eaksii 2CO(g) + O (g)

2CO (g)

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Kalo alor Pembe mbentuk tukan Stan Standa darr •

Kalor pembentukan unsur bebas pada suhu 23oC da dan tekanan 1 at atm adalah nol. Contoh:

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•

Bag Bagaima aimana na cara ara mene menen ntuk tukan ∆Hf o senyawa tid tidak d dib l da i

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Contoh Soal 1. Perhatikan reaksi berikut: C2H6(g) ∆H = -311,5 kJ mol -1

C2H4(g) + H2(g) Jik Jik da i ha il

ob

dik dik tahui ahui kal

aksi aksi

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Ener Energi gi Ika Ikatan

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C

t h

al

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•

nsur adal dalah energi yang ang  Energi pengatoman unsu

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Contoh:

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t h

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