1,2,6a -Flames and Gas Firing

Flames and Fuel Preparation

FLAMES & FUEL PREPARATO! Aims o" Presentation # $evelop an understanding o" t%e Priniples  '  (%at reall) goes on in t%ere*  '  (%at does t%e proess operator see*

# +ive Simple C%e,list # Revie Environmental ssues  '  Most Fuel deisions t%ese da)s %ave a strong environmental lin, 

# $isuss Future Fuel use

FLAMES & FUEL PREPARATO!

Pro.lem Areas "or a poor Flame #

RE$UC!+ CO!$TO!S !EE$ TO /E A0O$E$ OR1 '  $ereased 23 da) onrete strengt%  '  $ereased or,a.ilit)4setting time  '  nreased "uel onsumption  '  nreased volatile reirulation4loss  '  $ereased Output  '  Modi"ied onrete strengt% grot% urve  '  $ereased re"rator) li"e  '  nreased grinding energ)  '  nreased pollutant emission

KILN FLAME FLAME

END SA ENTRAINMENT FLAME FRONT

SECONDARY AIR 

PLUG FLOW

EXTERNAL RECIRCULATION ZONE

9 DEGREE EXPANSION

IMPINGMENT POINT

+as Flames and Fuel Preparation /asi Re5uirements # SPAM  '  Sa"et)  '  Primar) and Com.ustion Air   '  Axis  '  Momentum

FLAMES & FUEL PREPARATO!  S - Sa"et) # Sa"et) issues in gas "iring  '  T%ere must .e a sta.le "lame in t%e ,iln  '  Temperature must .e su""iient to maintain ignition and omplete om.ustion  '  $ "an must .e running and interlo,ed  '  Must %ave sution at ,iln %ood  '  CO protetion "or EP must .e operational **  '  Primar) air s)stem running  '  +as s)stem lea, "ree and sa"et) s%ut-o"" or,ing

FLAMES & FUEL PREPARATO! P - Primar) and om.ustion air  # Primar) air   '  Primar) air is t%e air in6eted it% t%e "uel - it an  .e important in ontrolling "lame s%ape7

# Com.ustion air   '  Com.ustion air is t%e total air re5uired - it omprises primar) air and seondar) air "rom t%e ooler7

FLAMES & FUEL PREPARATO! P Primar) and Com.ustion air ont8d # Com.ustion Air   '  /a, End Ox)gen Appropriate "or Fuel  '  nreased SO2 emission or .uild ups our i" insu""iient ox)gen

SO2 vs BEO2 vs Time - Northfleet 900

5

800

45

700

4 35

600   m   p 500   p    2    O400    S    E    B300

3

200

1

100

05

   2 25    O    E    B 2    !

15

0

0 0

1

2

BE SO2 ppm

3

4

5

! BEO2

6

7

8

9

Time Hrs

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Flames and Fuel Preparation SO2 C)les # 9ig% .urning :one temperature inreases )les o" ;2< and SO= # CO or C in .urning :one redues ;2SO> # CO or C a.ove ?2