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Vol olume ume II II – Eri ricss csson on Field Gui uide de for UTRAN P3: Feature Parameters and Best Practices Network Netwo rk Servic es Document Docu ment : ND-001 ND-00150 50
Rev. 3.0 09/09/20 09/09/2007 07
Overview Volume II of the Ericsson Fiel d Guide for UTRAN defines AT&T’s accepted practices for optimization of the Radio Access portion of the UMTS network for Ericsson WRAN P5MD patch level P5.0.14 (Phase II rd FOA exited August 23 , 2007). The algorithms by which subscriber subscriber devices interact with the network network are described in detail. Recommendations are provided that produce the best performance performance in the network for for each type of interaction. This Field Guide is composed of 11 sections which include descriptions of: •
New features released in the most recent RNS software version.
•
WCDMA design concepts concepts and measurement fundamentals.
•
•
A chronological step step by step description of how the subscriber device and network interact. Idle Mode, Call Establishment and Connected Mode are introduced and the algorithms associated with each are described and the involved parameters are explained. OSS access procedures and methods. methods.
The document concludes with an index and tables wherein all configurable parameters and supporting details are listed along with a list of well deserved credits.
IMPORTANT: This document is the result of an ongoing collaborative effort between AT&T Market, Regional, National and Ericsson Ericsson staff and management. It will continue to be updated with the latest findings in the areas of optimization and vendor improvement through the use of Field Studies and successive vendor software and hardware updates.
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Contents 1.
2.
About This Document....................................................................................................................... Document.......................................................................................................................
8
1.1 Purpose.. Purpose....................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
8
1.2 Sco Scope pe .. .......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................
8
1.3 Audience .. ..................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
8
1.4 Related Documentation............................................................................................................... Documentation...............................................................................................................
8
1.5 Acronyms and Terms.. Terms .................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................
8
1.6 Trade Trademarks.. marks................................................................................................................................. ...............................................................................................................................
8
1.7 Conve Convention ntions s .. ................................................................................................................................ ..............................................................................................................................
8
1.8 Cont Contacts acts .. ...................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
9
New Features in P3 (WRAN P5MD Phase II) ... ................................................................................ ............................................................................. 10 2.1 Idle Mode................................................................................................................................... Mode...................................................................................................................................
10
2.1.1 URA_PCH... URA_PCH......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
10
2.1.2 Introduciton of CELL_FACH State for HS capable UEs................................................... UEs... ................................................ 10 2.2 Call Establishme Establishment nt ... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................
10
2.2.1 2xPS Radio Access Bearers............................................................................................. Bearers.............................................................................................
10
2.2.2 Enhanced Uplink (EUL) or HSUPA................................................................................... HSUPA...................................................................................
10
2.3 Mobility and Connection Management...................................................................................... Management......................................................................................
10
2.3.1 Introduction of additional R99 RABs................................................................................. RABs.................................................................................
10
2.3.2 Event 6a has been replaced with Event Event 6d ... ...................................................................... ................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Code Division Multiplexing for HSDPA............................................................................. HSDPA............................................................................. 11 2.3.4 hoTypeDrncBand1-17 has been replaced with defaultHoType defaultHoType... ........................................ ..................................... 11
3.
4.
2.3.5 Calculation of maxDlPowerCapability............................................................................... maxDlPowerCapability...............................................................................
11
2.3.6 Throughput triggered Dedicated to Dedicated Up and Down-Switch (Uplink and Downlink) Down link) ... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
11
2.4 OSS Related Functionality........................................................................................................ Functionality........................................................................................................
11
2.4.1 Neighbor List Prioritization................................................................................................ Prioritization................................................................................................
11
Significant KPI Impact Parameters Parameters ... ................................................................................................ .............................................................................................
12
3.1 Accessibility... Accessibility............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
12
3.2 Retainability... Retainability............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
12
3.3 Qualit Quality y ... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
12
3.4 Throughput and Latency Latency ... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................
12
Design Criter Criteria ia ... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
13
4.1 UE Capabilities.......................................................................................................................... Capabilities..........................................................................................................................
13
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Contents 1.
2.
About This Document....................................................................................................................... Document.......................................................................................................................
8
1.1 Purpose.. Purpose....................................................................................................................................... .....................................................................................................................................
8
1.2 Sco Scope pe .. .......................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................
8
1.3 Audience .. ..................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................
8
1.4 Related Documentation............................................................................................................... Documentation...............................................................................................................
8
1.5 Acronyms and Terms.. Terms .................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................
8
1.6 Trade Trademarks.. marks................................................................................................................................. ...............................................................................................................................
8
1.7 Conve Convention ntions s .. ................................................................................................................................ ..............................................................................................................................
8
1.8 Cont Contacts acts .. ...................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
9
New Features in P3 (WRAN P5MD Phase II) ... ................................................................................ ............................................................................. 10 2.1 Idle Mode................................................................................................................................... Mode...................................................................................................................................
10
2.1.1 URA_PCH... URA_PCH......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
10
2.1.2 Introduciton of CELL_FACH State for HS capable UEs................................................... UEs... ................................................ 10 2.2 Call Establishme Establishment nt ... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................
10
2.2.1 2xPS Radio Access Bearers............................................................................................. Bearers.............................................................................................
10
2.2.2 Enhanced Uplink (EUL) or HSUPA................................................................................... HSUPA...................................................................................
10
2.3 Mobility and Connection Management...................................................................................... Management......................................................................................
10
2.3.1 Introduction of additional R99 RABs................................................................................. RABs.................................................................................
10
2.3.2 Event 6a has been replaced with Event Event 6d ... ...................................................................... ................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Code Division Multiplexing for HSDPA............................................................................. HSDPA............................................................................. 11 2.3.4 hoTypeDrncBand1-17 has been replaced with defaultHoType defaultHoType... ........................................ ..................................... 11
3.
4.
2.3.5 Calculation of maxDlPowerCapability............................................................................... maxDlPowerCapability...............................................................................
11
2.3.6 Throughput triggered Dedicated to Dedicated Up and Down-Switch (Uplink and Downlink) Down link) ... .......................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
11
2.4 OSS Related Functionality........................................................................................................ Functionality........................................................................................................
11
2.4.1 Neighbor List Prioritization................................................................................................ Prioritization................................................................................................
11
Significant KPI Impact Parameters Parameters ... ................................................................................................ .............................................................................................
12
3.1 Accessibility... Accessibility............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
12
3.2 Retainability... Retainability............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
12
3.3 Qualit Quality y ... ....................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................
12
3.4 Throughput and Latency Latency ... ........................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................
12
Design Criter Criteria ia ... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
13
4.1 UE Capabilities.......................................................................................................................... Capabilities..........................................................................................................................
13
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4.1.1 Frequency Bands.............................................................................................................. Bands..............................................................................................................
13
4.1.2 Channel Numbering Scheme (UARFCN) (UARFCN) ... ......................................................................... ...................................................................... 13
5.
4.1.3 Power Classes.................................................................................................................. Classes..................................................................................................................
14
4.1.4 UE Category (HSDPA and EUL) EUL) ... ...................................................................................... ...................................................................................
15
4.2 Link Budget ... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................
16
4.3 Basic Design Requirements...................................................................................................... Requirements......................................................................................................
17
4.3.1 Pilot Pollution Pollution ... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................
17
4.3.2 Neighbor List Determination ... ............................................................................................. ..........................................................................................
17
4.3.3 Scrambling Code Usage................................................................................................... Usage...................................................................................................
18
4.4 Measurement Fundamentals ... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................
18
4.4.1 PCP PCPICH ICH .. .............................................................................................................................
18
4.4.2 PCPIC PCPICH H RSCP RSCP ... ................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................
19
4.4.3 CPICH Ec/No (Ec/Io) (Ec/Io) ... ........................................................................................................ .....................................................................................................
19
4.4.4 Eb/No... Eb/No................................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................................
20
4.4.5 SIR... SIR.................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................
20
4.4.6 RSSI... RSSI.................................................................................................................................. ...............................................................................................................................
20
4.4.7 RT RTWP WP .. ................................................................................................................................
20
4.4.8 BLER... BLER................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................
21
Parameters Described Within Context........................................................................................... Context...........................................................................................
22
5.1 Idle Mode................................................................................................................................... Mode...................................................................................................................................
22
5.1.1 Cell Search Procedure...................................................................................................... Procedure......................................................................................................
22
5.1.2 PLMN Selection Selection ... ................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................
23
5.1.3 IMSI and GPRS GPRS Attach ... ..................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................
28
5.1.4 Location and Routing Area Updates................................................................................. Updates.................................................................................
34
5.2 Call Establishme Establishment nt ... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................
35
5.2.1 Radio Access Bearer ... ........................................................................................................ .....................................................................................................
35
5.2.2 Mobile Origination / Termination....................................................................................... Termination.......................................................................................
37
5.3 Mobility and Connection Management...................................................................................... Management......................................................................................
51
5.3.1 Measurement Fundamentals............................................................................................ Fundamentals............................................................................................
51
5.3.2 Cell Reselection in Idle Mode or CELL_FACH................................................................. CELL_FACH................................................................. 52 5.3.3 Handover in Connected Mode (CELL_DCH) – Intra-Frequency Intra-Frequency ... ...................................... ................................... 53 5.3.4 Handover in Connected Mode (CELL_DCH) – Inter-Frequency or Inter-RAT ... ................. .............. 58 5.3.5 HS Cell Change Change ... ................................................................................................................ .............................................................................................................
70
5.3.6 Chann Channel el Switc Switching hing ... ............................................................................................................ .........................................................................................................
71
5.3.7 HSDPA Scheduling........................................................................................................... Scheduling...........................................................................................................
86
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5.3.8 EUL Scheduling ................................................................................................................
87
5.3.9 Congestion Detection and Resolution .............................................................................. 88
6.
7.
5.3.10Radio Connection Supervision .........................................................................................
91
5.3.11Downlink and Uplink Power Control .................................................................................
91
OSS Overview................................................................................................................................
98
6.1 Configuration Management.......................................................................................................
99
6.1.1 Configuration Access Procedures ....................................................................................
99
6.1.2 Configuration Methods......................................................................................................
99
6.2 Performance Management......................................................................................................
100
6.2.1 Performance Access Procedures ...................................................................................
100
6.2.2 Ericsson Counter Types .................................................................................................
101
6.2.3 Call Trace Capability.......................................................................................................
101
6.3 Fault Management ..................................................................................................................
102
6.3.1 Alarm Status Matrix ........................................................................................................
102
6.3.2 Alarm List Viewer............................................................................................................
102
6.3.3 Alarm Log Browser .........................................................................................................
102
Counter and Recording Activation ...............................................................................................
103
7.1 Counter Activation...................................................................................................................
103
7.1.1 Table Definitions .............................................................................................................
103
7.1.2 Subscription Profiles .......................................................................................................
103
7.2 Recording Activation ...............................................................................................................
144
7.2.1 Activation of RES Recording to support Scorecard Data ............................................... 144 8.
Reference Documents .................................................................................................................
145
9.
Parameter Reference...................................................................................................................
146
10. Consulted List ..............................................................................................................................
159
11. Index.............................................................................................................................................
166
Figures Figure 1: Slot and Frame Structure.......................................................................................................
22
Figure 2: Power Ramping on RACH .....................................................................................................
29
Figure 3: RRC Connection Signaling Flow ...........................................................................................
30
Figure 4: Downlink DPCCH Power .......................................................................................................
32
Figure 5: Admission Control (Radio Link Request)............................................................................... 40 Figure 6: Admission Control (DL Channelization).................................................................................
41
Figure 7: Admission Control (Spreading Factor Usage) ....................................................................... 43 Figure 8: Admission Control (DL Power) ..............................................................................................
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Figure 9: Admission Control (Uplink ASE Utilization) ........................................................................... 46 Figure 10: Admission Control (Downlink ASE Utilization)..................................................................... 47 Figure 11: Admission Control (Uplink Hardware Utilization)................................................................. 48 Figure 12: Admission Control (Downlink Hardware Utilization) ............................................................ 49 Figure 13: Event 1a Trigger ..................................................................................................................
54
Figure 14: Event 1b Trigger ..................................................................................................................
55
Figure 15: Event 1c Trigger...................................................................................................................
56
Figure 16: Event 1d Trigger ..................................................................................................................
57
Figure 17: Event 2d Trigger (Begin Compressed Mode)...................................................................... 59 Figure 18: Event 2f Trigger (Cease Compressed Mode) ...................................................................... 60 Figure 19: Event 6d Trigger (Begin Compressed Mode)...................................................................... 61 Figure 20: Event 6b Trigger (Cease Compressed Mode)..................................................................... 62 Figure 21: Event 3a (EcNo)...................................................................................................................
64
Figure 22: Event 3a (RSCP) .................................................................................................................
65
Figure 23: Event 3a (UE Tx) .................................................................................................................
66
Figure 24: Event 2b (EcNo)...................................................................................................................
67
Figure 25: Event 2b (RSCP) .................................................................................................................
68
Figure 26: Event 2b (UE Tx) .................................................................................................................
69
Figure 27: Event 1d HS (HS Cell Change) ...........................................................................................
70
Figure 28: Dedicated (DCH/DCH) to Common Down-Switch............................................................... 73 Figure 29: HS (DCH/HS or EUL/HS) to Common Down-Switch........................................................... 74 Figure 30: Common to Dedicated (DCH/DCH, DCH/HS or EUL/HS) Up-Switch ................................. 75 Figure 31: Common to URA_PCH Down-Switch..................................................................................
76
Figure 32: URA_PCH to Idle Mode Down-Switch.................................................................................
77
Figure 33: Throughput triggered DCH to DCH Down-Switch (Downlink) ............................................. 78 Figure 34: Throughput triggered DCH to DCH Down-Switch (Uplink) .................................................. 79 Figure 35: Code Power check for Up-Switch (Downlink)...................................................................... 80 Figure 36: Code Power check for Up-Switch (Downlink)...................................................................... 81 Figure 37: Throughput Triggered Up-Switch (Uplink) ........................................................................... 82 Figure 38: Covered Triggered Ded. to Ded. Down-Switch ................................................................... 83 Figure 39: Throughput Triggered Down-Switch (Multi-RAB) ................................................................ 84 Figure 40: Throughput Triggered Up-Switch (Multi-RAB)..................................................................... 85 Figure 41: Throughput Triggered Down-Switch (2xPSMulti-RAB)........................................................ 86 Figure 42: Congestion Detection (Downlink) ........................................................................................
89
Figure 43: Congestion Detection (Uplink) .............................................................................................
90
Figure 44: OSS Connectivity.................................................................................................................
98
Tables Table 1: Operating Bands .....................................................................................................................
13
Table 2: UARFCN List for Bands II and V (“Additional Channels” method) ......................................... 14 Table 3: UE Power Classes ..................................................................................................................
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Table 4: UE Categories (HSDPA).........................................................................................................
15
Table 5: UE Categories (EUL) ..............................................................................................................
16
Table 6: Link Budget .............................................................................................................................
16
Table 6: Master Information Block (MIB) Contents ............................................................................... 24 Table 7: System Information Block 1 (SIB 1) Contents ........................................................................ 24 Table 8: System Information Block 3 (SIB 3)........................................................................................
25
Table 9: System Information Block 5 (SIB 5)........................................................................................
25
Table 10: System Information Block 7 (SIB 7)......................................................................................
26
Table 11: System Information Block 11 (SIB 11)..................................................................................
26
Table 12: System Information Block 12 (SIB 12)..................................................................................
27
Table 13: Air Speech Equivalents (ASE) ..............................................................................................
44
Table 14: Maximum Bit Rates per Radio Link.......................................................................................
92
Table 15: UeRc, RAB and UeRcTrCh Identification ............................................................................. 95 Table 16: blerQualityTarget values .......................................................................................................
96
Table 17: Configuration Management Access Procedures .................................................................. 99 Table 18: Counter Activation...............................................................................................................
105
Table 19: Configurable Parameter Lookup Table............................................................................... 146
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Document Revision History This table identifies content revisions made to this document. Date
Rev
Revision Descriptio n
Writer
Sponsor
11/01/2005
1.0
Release version
Michael Noah
Adnan Naqvi
11/28/2005
1.1
Updates to “Cingular Recommended” parameter values based upon Field Optimization.
Michael Noah
Greg Scharosch
05/01/2006
2.0
Updates based upon Cingular P2 (Ericsson P5ED) FOA as well as results from Field Studies
Michael Noah
Greg Scharosch
01/25/2007
2.1
Content extended – version not published.
Michael Noah
Greg Scharosch
03/30/2007
2.2
Moved to new AT&T template. Incorporated all existing Field Guide Alerts.
Michael Noah
Greg Scharosch
09/09/2007
3.0
Updated for AT&T P3 Phase II (Ericsson P5MD P5.0.14)
Michael Noah
Somesh Razdan
RACI This table identifies RACI team members. Acc ou nt abl e
Respon sibl e
Somesh Razdan
Michael Noah
Con sult ed
Infor med
Market Engineering
Mike Pietropola
Regional Engineering
Eric Parker
Regional OSS Support
Adnan Naqvi
National Field Support
John Dapper
Strategic Planning National Quality Ericsson Support For details see Consulted_List
Copyright © 2007 AT&T Mobility LLC. All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the written permission of the publisher.
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3
1. Abo ut This Document This section includes information about this document.
1.1
Purpose
The primary intention of this document is to serve as a common point o f understanding and reference. This volume includes recommendations for all configurable RNC and Node B parameters. The recommendations made within this document are the result of collaborative efforts between all groups involved (see 1.3).
1.2
Scope
This document is mainly based upon Ericsson’s UTRAN implementation, focusing on the interaction between the User Equipment and UTRAN. For completeness, some facets of the Core Network are included, e.g. Paging, Routing and Location Area Update procedures, i.e. non-access stratum.
1.3 Audi ence The audience for this document includes AT&T Market, Region and National Engineers and Technicians responsible for Ericsson UTRAN Optimization and Maintenance.
1.4
Related Documentation
See Reference Documents Chapter .
1.5 Acro nyms and Terms All acronyms and terms are fully spelled out within the document.
1.6
Trademarks
The trademarks used in this document are the property of their respective owners.
1.7
Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout this document: •
The term “call” refers to any type of user plane connection between UE and the Core Network. It is not specific to voice or data - UE originated or terminated. It specifically does not include any type of signaling used to support the communication of user information.
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 •
•
•
•
•
•
The term “function” refers to Ericsson’s implementation of a certain portion of the 3GPP specification. A function is limited to satisfying a specific action taken by either the network or UE. For example, the process of originating a call is referred to as a function. Once the call has been originated, handing the call over is considered a function and ending the call is a function. Within this document, parameters are explained relative to the functions they support. Each Operator Configurable Parameter expressed in bolditalic. Brackets enclose the Configurable Parameter’s Level (RNC, Cell, etc.), AT&T Default Value, Units and Class (Policy, Rule, Fixed, Variable). Each Operator Configurable Paramter exists within a specifi Managed Opject Class (MOC). The Managed Object Class will be specified only for parameters that exist within multiple Managed Object Classes. For example, qOffset1sn is a parameter that can be set differently for Intra-Frequency (UtranRelation) and Inter-RAT (GsmRelation) neighbors. The parameter instances are therefore denoted as qOffset1sn(UtranRelation) [Nabr, 0, dB, Fixed] and qOffset1sn(GsmRelation) [Nabr, 7, dB, Fixed]. All references to Radio Access Bearers (RABs) are denoted as UL/DL where UL is the Uplink RLC Data rate in kilobits per second and DL is the Downlink Data rate in kilobits per second. The term “R99” is used to denote all CELL_DCH Radio Access Bearers referring to the release of the specification that only supported Dedicated Channels (DCH). The term DCH/HS is used to denote HSDPA capability where the Uplink uses an R99 Radio Access Bearer. The terms EUL/HS or HSPA is used to denote the HSUPA / HSDPA capability. Some configurable parameters include an “(sho)” or an “(hho)” suffix. This suffix is used to specify a subset of cells to which the parameter recommendation applies. The sho vs. hho distinction is as follows: (hho). The parameter recommendation is specific to UEs that might have no alternative to performing a Hard Inter-RAT or Inter-Frequency Handover in order to maintain the call. •
(sho). The parameter recommendation is specific to cells that have Intra-Frequency overlap with other 3G cells. Inter-RAT or Inter-Frequency Hard Handover is not normally needed to maintain the call. •
For example, usedFreqThresh2dRscp(hho) [Cell, -106 ±4, dBm, Fixed] is used to indicate the recommended value of -106 dBm ±4dB is specific to cells that meet the “hho” distinction. •
•
The terms “Core” and “Border” Border Cell: Any 3G cell where the antenna orientation points out of a launch cluster or polygon into the 2G network. With respect to IRAT terminology, these sectors are considered (hho) sectors. •
Core Cell: 3G cells within the UMTS polygon that do not qualify as Border Cells. These cells can be designated as (sho) or (hho) if there are Inter-Frequency borders within the Core. Ideally, there should not be any Inter-RAT borders within the Core. •
1.8
Contacts
For questions or comments about this document's technical content o r to request changes to the document, contact:
Michael Noah, Sr. System Engineer – National Field Support Desk: 425 580 6716 Wireless: 425 580 6716 E-mail:
[email protected]
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2. New Featur es in P3 (WRAN P5MD Phase II) This section provides a summary of updates AT&T has elected to i mplement within this version of RNS software.
2.1
Idle Mode
2.1.1 URA_PCH The URA_PCH State is now available to all UEs. The URA_PCH State allows the RNS to maintain the location of the UE within the RNC thereby reducing the Routing Area Update load on the SGSN.
2.1.2 Introd ucit on of CELL_FACH State for HS capable UEs The CELL_FACH State is now available to HS capable UEs. Before P5MD, CELL_FACH was only available to R99 only UEs.
2.2
Call Establishment
2.2.1 2xPS Radio A ccess Bearers UEs that are able to support multipl e Interactive / Background R99 Data RABs are now supported. Speech + 2 Data RABs is also supported. For example, you can now use Video Share on your Samsung A707 while it is teathered to your laptop.
2.2.2 Enhanced Uplin k (EUL) or HSUPA Ericsson P5MD introduces Enhanced Uplink (EUL) or HSUPA as specificed in Release 6 of the 3GPP specification. Enhanced Uplink (EUL) is much like HSDPA in that it allows for greater throughput and capacity through Link Adaptation. Unlike HSDPA however, EUL does use Macro Diversity and Inner Loop Power Contorl in the Uplink.
2.3
Mobility and Connection Management
2.3.1 Introduction of additional R99 RABs In P5MD, R99 Radio Access Bearers include 64, 128 and 384 on both the Uplink and Downlink. All Uplink/Downlink combinations are now supporteded.
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2.3.2 Event 6a has been replaced wit h Event 6d If the UE transmitted power is at maximum for a time equal to timeToTrigger6d , then event 6d occurs and the UE is commanded to do Compressed Mode measurements.
2.3.3 Code Division Multiplexing for HSDPA Cells can now support up to 15 High Speed Physical Downlink Shared CHannels (HS-PDSCH).
2.3.4 hoTypeDrncB and1-17 has been replaced wit h defaultHoType In P5MD, the Serving RNC determines if UEs will measure Inter-RAT or Inter-Frequency for UEs served by a Drift RNC by using the defaultHoType [Cell, 1=GSM_PREFERRED, String, Fixed] parameter which is uarfcnDl [Cell, N/A, Integer, Variable] specific instead of band specific.
2.3.5 Calculation of maxDlPowerCapability In P5ED, the configurable parameter maximumTransmissionPower [Cell, 400, 0.1dBm, Var.] which sets the maximum power (downlink capacity) available in the cell at the Reference Point (antenna connector) was used for Admission Control. In P5MD, the minimum value of either maximumTransmissionPower [Cell, 400, 0.1dBm, Var.] or maxDlPowerCapability (a value calculated by the Node B at the Reference Point and sent to the RNC) is used for Admission Control.
2.3.6 Throughput triggered Dedicated to Dedicated Up and Down-Switch (Uplink and Downlink) Throughput based Down-Switch for all R99 RABs on the Uplink and Downlink is now supported.
2.4
OSS Related Functionality
2.4.1 Neighbor List Prioritization It is now possible to re-order neighbor lists without having to remove and re-enter them. This is accomplished through a new neighbor indexing capability.
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3. Signifi cant KPI Impact Parameters Each parameter within this document will to a certain degree impact Key Performance Indicators (KPI). The following sections describes functions, e.g. Call Establishment, Handover, etc. that have the most impact on KPIs.
3.1 Accessi bili ty 5.1.2.2 Camping on a Suitable Cell 5.1.3.1 Attach Procedure - RACH Ramping and Initial DCH Power Algorithms and P arameters 5.2.2.2 Admission Control 5.3.2 Cell Reselection in Idle Mode or CELL_FACH
3.2
Retainability
5.3.2 Cell Reselection in Idle Mode or CELL_FACH 5.3.3 Handover in Connected Mode (CELL_DCH) – Intra-Frequency
3.3
Quality
5.3.9 Downlink and Uplink Power Control
3.4
Throughput and Latency
5.1.3.1 Attach Procedure - RACH Ramping and Initial DCH Power Algorithms and P arameters 5.2.2.2 Admission Control 5.3.2 Cell Reselection in Idle Mode or CELL_FACH 5.3.9 Downlink and Uplink Power Control
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4. Desig n Criteri a This section mainly covers areas specified in the 3GPP standard. It presents an overview of the spectrum allocation, UARFCN designation and UE Power Class. A fundamental Link Budget is provided. The rest of the section provides a high level optimization concept for WCDMA including Pilot Pollution optimization, neighbor designation guidelines, and a detailed description of the fundamental W-CDMA measurements CPICH RSCP and CPICH Ec/No.
4.1
UE Capabilities
Multiband support for the United States (800/1900 MHz) was not defined until Release 6 of the 3GPP specification. For this reason, Release 6 is the reference for this section.
4.1.1 Frequency Bands The frequency bands specified are shown in the table below including the separation (in MHz) between uplink and downlink frequencies. AT&T operates UMTS at 800 MHz (Band V) and 1900 MHz (Band II). The rest of the bands l isted are included for completeness. Table 1: Operating Bands Operating Band
UL Frequencies
DL Frequencies
TX-RX Separation
I
1920 – 1980 MHz
2110 – 2170 MHz
190 MHz
II
1850 – 1910 MHz
1930 – 1990 MHz
80 MHz
III
1710 – 1785 MHz
1805 – 1880 MHz
95 MHz
IV
1710 – 1755 MHz
2110 – 2155 MHz
400 MHz
V
824 – 849 MHz
869 – 894 MHz
45 MHz
VI
830 – 840 MHz
875 – 885 MHz
45 MHz
4.1.2 Channel Numbering Scheme (UARFCN) The UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number allows easy reference to the spectrum allocated to UMTS. Distinct UARFCNs are used for uplink and downlink frequencies as opposed to a single UARFCN for a pair of UL/DL frequencies. The UARFCN for the downlink is controlled through uarfcnDl [Cell, N/A, Integer, Variable] and the uplink UARFCN is controlled through uarfcnUl [Cell, N/A, Integer, Variable]. A UARFCN occupies 5 MHz of spectrum. The specification allows for two methods to be used to associate center carrier frequency to UARFCN. •
•
“ General” UARFCN method. Each UARFCN is defined with a specific center frequency. Beginning at 0 Hz, the UARFCN is incremented by 1 with each increment in frequency of 200 kHz. The UARFCN corresponding to the center frequency is calculated by finding the product of 5 and the center frequency (in MHz); i.e. UARFCN = 5 * Frequency (MHz). When using the “general” method, this formula applies regardless of direction (uplink / downlink) and band. “ Additional Channels” UARFCN method. The “Additional Channels” are specified according to the table below. These channels are shifted by 100 KHz relative to the “general” URFCN definition. For Band II, the UARFCN is
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 calculated by finding the product of 5 and the center carrier frequency (in MHz) minus 18 50.1 MHz, i.e UARFCN = 5 * (Frequency in MHz – 1850.1 MHz). For Band V, the UARFCN is calculated by finding the product of 5 and the center carrier frequency (in MHz) minus 670.1 MHz, i.e UARFCN = 5 * (Frequency in MHz – 670.1 MHz).
Either the “General” or “Additional Channels” method can be used to designate UARFCNs based upon where you choose to locate UMTS within your licensed spectrum.
Table 2: UARFCN List for Bands II and V (“ Addition al Channels” method) UL UARFCN
UL Center Frequency (MHz)
DL UARFCN
DL Center Frequency (MHz)
PCS / Cellular Band
12
1852.5
412
1932.5
PCS – A
37
1857.5
437
1937.5
PCS – A
62
1862.5
462
1942.5
PCS – A
87
1867.5
487
1947.5
PCS – D
112
1872.5
512
1952.5
PCS – B
137
1877.5
537
1957.5
PCS – B
162
1882.5
562
1962.5
PCS – B
187
1887.5
587
1967.5
PCS – E
212
1892.5
612
1972.5
PCS – F
237
1897.5
637
1977.5
PCS – C3
262
1902.5
662
1982.5
PCS – C4
287
1907.5
687
1987.5
PCS – C5
782
826.5
1007
871.5
Cellular – A
787
827.5
1012
872.5
Cellular – A
807
831.5
1032
876.5
Cellular – A
812
832.5
1037
877.5
Cellular – A
837
837.5
1062
882.5
Cellular – B
862
842.5
1087
887.5
Cellular – B
4.1.3 Power Classes The table below indicates the UE Power Classes specified as of Release 6. Note the maximum power is the same for all bands within Power Classes 3 and 4. The power in dBm refers to the maximum total output capability of the UE at the antenna connector and not to the maximum power output of any particular Physical Channel.
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Table 3: UE Power Classes Operating Band
Power Class 1
Power Class 2
Power Class 3
Power Class 4
Power (dBm)
Tol (dB)
Power (dBm)
Tol (dB)
Power (dBm)
Tol (dB)
Power (dBm)
Tol (dB)
I
+33
+1/-3
+27
+1/-3
+24
+1/-3
+21
+2/-2
II
-
-
-
-
+24
+1/-3
+21
+2/-2
III
-
-
-
-
+24
+1/-3
+21
+2/-2
IV
-
-
-
-
+24
+1/-3
+21
+2/-2
V
-
-
-
-
+24
+1/-3
+21
+2/-2
VI
-
-
-
-
+24
+1/-3
+21
+2/-2
4.1.4 UE Catego ry (HSDPA and EUL) HSDPA capable UEs are further categorized based upon their throughput capabilities. The table below includes all of the UE Categories as defined in the 3GPP Specification. Note that Category 11 and 12 UEs only support QPSK. If supportOf16qam [Cell, 1=TRUE, Integer, Fixed] is set to 1=TRUE, then 16QAM is allowed and all categories of UE shown below are supported. Table 4: UE Categor ies (HSDPA) HS-DSCH Category
Maximum number of HSDSCH codes received
Minimum interTTI interval
Maximum number of b its of an HS-DSCH transpo rt block received within an HS-DSCH TTI
Total number of soft channel bits
Category 1
5
3
7298
19200
Category 2
5
3
7298
2889
Category 3
5
2
7298
2880
Category 4
5
2
7298
38400
Category 5
5
1
7298
57600
Category 6
5
1
7298
67200
Category 7
10
1
14411
115200
Category 8
10
1
14411
134400
Category 9
15
1
20251
172800
Category 10
15
1
27952
172800
Category 11
5
2
3630 QPSK Only
14400
Category 12
5
1
3630 QPSK Only
28800
EUL capable UEs are categorized based upon their throughput capabilities. The table below includes all of the UE Categories as defined in the 3GPP Specification. The initial UEs in the market are EUL Category 3.
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Table 5: 5: UE Categor ies (EUL) (EUL) E-DCH E-DCH Category
Maximum number of E-DPDCH codes and SF
Support for 10ms 10ms and/or 2ms TTI
Layer 1 Peak Rate/s
Layer 1 Peak Rate/s
(10ms TTI)
(2ms TTI)
Category 1
One SF4
10ms only
730kb
-
Category 2
Two SF4
Both
1.46mb
1.46mb
Category 3
Two SF4
10ms only
1.46mb
-
Category 4
Two SF4
Both
2.0mb
2.92mb
Category 5
Two SF4
10ms only
2.0mb
-
Category 6
Four (2SF2+2SF4)
Both
2.0mb
5.76mb
4.2
Link Budget
In this simple presentation of the li nk budget, only the maximum transmit power and receive sensitivity of the Node B and UE at their respective antenna connectors is considered. The difference between the the maximum transmit power of one node and the maximum receive sensitivity at the other node is considered to be the maximum allowable allowable path loss. The resulting uplink and downlink path losses are compared resulting in a difference in dB between the uplink and downlink maximum path losses. Table Table 6: Link Budget Downlin k
Value
Notes
Max Tx Power (dBm)
+30
Manually calculated (balanced) Node B Tx Pwr.
Max Rx Sensitivity (dBm)
-115
Specification based UE Rx level at 0.1% BLER.
145
Difference between Node B Tx and UE Rx Sens.
Max Tx Power (dBm)
+24
Max Tx Power for a Power Class 3 UE.
Max Rx Sensitivity (dBm)
-121
Specification based Node B Rx level at 0.1% BLER.
145
Difference between UE Tx and Node B Rx Sens
Max path loss (dB) Uplink
Max path loss (dB) Difference (dB)
0
Difference between UL and DL path losses
The only non-specified value is “Max Tx Power Power (dBm)” for the Downlink. This value was chosen specifically because it balances the Uplink and Downlink path losses. A complete Link Budget analysis would include variables such as LNA existence, various Radio Access Bearers due to their difference in gain as a function of Spreading Factor (a description of Spreading Factor is provided in the Measurement Fundamentals section), cable loss, Antenna and Macro Diversity (a description of Macro Diversity is provided in the Mobility Management section), etc.
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4.3
Basic Design Requirements Requirements
This section describes fundamental design guidelines that are required for basic system system operation. It is strongly suggested that these basic requirements be satisfied before further optimization of the radio network is pursued. For example, if this were an FDMA/TDMA network such as GSM or IS-136, frequency planning would be included in this section. However, since frequency frequency reuse is not a primary consideration consideration in WCDMA, it is not included.
4.3.1 Pilot Pollution Since the basis of WCDMA is to allow for multiple access based upon code division instead of frequency division, care must be taken to to manage over-propagation of cells in the network. As mentioned later in the Neighbor List Determination section, all cells that provide coverage in a given geographic area must be neighbors; else they are seen as noise. An over-propagating cell would therefore need to have neighbor relationships with all cells with which which it overlaps. This of course would mean the the overpropagating cell would be heavily utilized and would require a very large capacity. Over-propagating cells also cause Call Call Establishment problems. Call Establishment has its own section section within this guide, but in short; a UE establishes calls on a single cell based upon its having the best Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) (CPICH) signal level and/or quality. If a cell has propagated into an area where there are no neighbors assigned from it to other closer cells in terms of distance to the mobile, the call will drop. Even if there are neighbors assigned, assigned, the noise level will be increased for a short time until the surrounding cells have been added to the call through the process of Soft Handover. Fundamentally, Pilot Pollution is Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) power where it is not desired due the over-propagation of cells. The current method used to to reduce Pilot Pollution requires a drive test of the area with a CPICH scanner. CPICH propagation is then analyzed graphically (maps) and statistically. statistically. The criteria for Pilot Pollution is 4 or more Common Pilot Channels serving within 5 dB of each other in the same geographic area. In most cases, power changes, down-tilts, down-tilts, azimuth changes or antenna changes are required to reduce over-propagation.
Neighbor List Determination Determination 4.3.2 Neighbor Neighbor relationships fall into 3 categories where UMTS and the interaction between UMTS and GSM are concerned. •
Intra-UARFCN Intra-UARFCN Neighbor s. These neighbor relationships are assigned wherever there is coverage overlap between cells having the same UARFCN. These neighbor relationships allow for Soft Handover. It is important to to assign neighbor relationships between overlapping cells in order to allow multiple cells covering the same geographic area to collectively serve a given UE.
A cell covering an area, but not in the other server’s neighbor lists is seen as noise by the UE which which causes the UE compensate by requiring more power.
•
Inter-UARFCN Inter-UARFCN Neighbor s. These neighbor relationships allow for Hard Handover between cells with with different
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN UTRAN P3 UARFCNs. The neighboring UARFCNs can be in either the same band or in a different band. band. Neighbor relationships should be assigned between all overlapping UARFCNs. •
Inter-RAT Neighbors . Inter-RAT neighbor relationships relationships allow for Hard Handover and Cell Reselection between UMTS and GSM. GSM. The UMTS coverage area in all AT&T markets is a subset of the GSM coverage. Inter-RAT neighbors should only be defined from UMTS to GSM cells cells that support EGPRS (EDGE). This is done in order to allow for the greatest throughput when the UE performs an Inter-RAT Cell Change from the 3G to the 2G network. Idle Mode Cell Reselection neighbors should be defined xx Inter-RAT neighbors should also be assigned to allow UEs to handover from UMTS to GSM where there are no s uitable UMTS carriers (coverage holes) within the UMTS polygon.
Important! – Neighbor relationships for speech must not be defined from GSM to UMTS in order to avoi d E911 calls handing back to UMTS before they are ended.
Ericsson further defines neighbor types based upon how they exist between different RNCs and technologies (GSM vs. UMTS). •
UTRAN UTRAN Relations . All intra-RNC neighbor definitions definitions including Intra and Inter-UARFCN.
•
External UTRAN Relations Relations . All inter-RNC neighbor definitions definitions including Intra and and Inter-UARFCN.
•
GSM Relations. All Inter-RAT Inter-RAT neighbor definitions.
4.3.3 Scramblin g Code Usage Each cell in the network is assigned a Primary Scrambling Code. The primaryScramblingCode [Cell, 0 to 511, Integer, Variable] parameter parameter is an integer value 0-511 inclusive. For the interest of this section, section, it is important to avoid co-UARFCN co-UARFCN co-Scrambling Code use in the same geographic area. However, if there are more than 512 cells in use, Scrambling Codes must be reused very carefully. It is suggested that reuses of Scrambling Code among the same UARFCN only exist where there is ample isolation. Optionally, Scrambling Codes can also be divided into 64 groups of 8 codes each. Scrambling Code planning would then be much like frequency frequency planning with a reuse of 64. The advantage to this type of planning could be a less complex code search procedure for the UE.
4.4
Measurement Fundamentals
Before we get into Idle Mode, Call Establishment and Mobility Management, it is important to understand the fundamental measurements used by the UE and RNS RNS to make radio related decisions. These measurements are commonly commonly used when referencing signal level (RSCP) and signal quality (Ec/No). The signal level (RSCP) and signal quality (Ec/No) of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) define the coverage area of the cell. SIR and BLER are also described as they are used to control uplink and downlink power.
4.4.1 PCPICH The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) is one of the continuously transmitted downlink Physical Channels. It is unique in that it is the the reference used by the UE to make radio related decisions for Cell Selection, Cell Reselection , Soft (intra-frequency) Handover and Hard (inter-frequency) Handover as well
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as Inter-RAT Handover. All signal level and quality measurements are made based upon or relative to the Primary Common Pilot Channel. The power of Primary Common Pilot Channel is set to an absolute value per cell at the Reference Point (antenna connector) through the primaryCpichPower [Cell, 300, 0.1dBm, Fixed] parameter. All other downlink Physical Channels on the cell are set relative (dB) to the Primary Common Pilot Channel. Since proper downlink power settings are necessary to allo w the UE to enter Idle Mode, they are covered in detail in the Idle Mode section.
4.4.2 PCPICH RSCP The Primary Common Pilot Channel Received Signal Code Power, commonly called “RSCP”, is simply the received power (dBm) of the Common Pilot Channel. In order to really understand Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), it is important to understand the basic concept of spreading and de-spreading. Spreading is the process of taking a signal, in this case the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) signal, and transforming it into a signal that occupies a much larger bandwidth. This is done in two steps. First, the original signal is binary multiplied by a Spreading Code. The Spreading Code, also known as the Channelization Code or Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) Code is unique within the cel l and when binary multiplied by Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) signal allows it to be isol ated from the other spread signals within the cel l. The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) has a bit rate of 30kb/s. 2 bits = 1 symbol in the downlink. The bits in the Spreading Code are referred to as “chips”. The number of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor. 3,840,000 chips / 15,000 symbols = 256. The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) uses a Spreading Factor of 256. Seen yet another way, each Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) symbol is spread into 256 chips causing the spread signal to occupy 256 times the bandwidth of the original signal.
Second, since the Spreading Codes are only unique within a cell, the signal must be further “scrambled” to make it unique within the geographic coverage area. This is done by exclusively ORing the already spread signal with a primaryScramblingCode [Cell, 0 to 511, Integer, Variable]. There are a total of 512 Primary Scrambling Codes available, so co-UARFCN co-Primary Scrambling Code use might be necessary in geographic areas with greater than 512 cells. See the Scrambling Code Selection section for cautions. At the other end, receiving the symbols is simply a matter of first de-scrambling, then de-spreading the signal using the same scrambling and spreading codes used to initially spread the symbols.
4.4.3 CPICH Ec/No (Ec/Io) The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) received Energy per Chip (Ec) to Noise (No) ratio, commonly referred to as Eee-Cee-N-Not, is used to measure the received quali ty of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH). It is the ratio of the received Energy per Chip to the Noise power spectral density in the band. In this case, the Chip Energy (Ec) is the power of the spread Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) at the receiver. Ec is equivalent to Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) in that both measure the power of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH); the only difference being Ec is the power of
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the spread signal whereas RSCP is the power measured after de-spreading. No (N-not) is the received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver within the receiver’s bandwidth. The term Ec/Io is also used to denote Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) quality with the onl y difference being the denominator where Io includes interference only. The use of the term Ec/Io is where receivers are concerned is not technically accurate due mainly to the fact that receivers do not discern Noise from Interference and as such, cannot accurately measure Ec/Io. However, Io is commonly used in RF Design (propagation) tools when noise is not considered.
4.4.4 Eb/No Eb/No, commonly referred to as Eee-Bee-N-Not or ebno, is the received energy per Bit (symbol) of the signal over the received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver, within the receiver’s bandwidth. The fundamental difference between Eb/No and Ec/No is Spreading Factor. Ec is of course the energy of the spread signal. By factoring in the Spreading Factor, we get the energy of a bit or symbol over the received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver, within the receiver’s bandwidth. Eb/No therefore equals Ec/No * Spreading Factor. Eb/No is commonly used when referencing Physical Channels that carry user data or signaling as opposed to Physical Channels such as the Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) which only carries repetitive data.
4.4.5 SIR SIR is the Signal to Interference Ratio. It is equivalent to (RSCP / ISCP) * Spreading Factor. RSCP is defined above; ISCP is the Interference Signal Code Power which is essentially the interference from other cells (DL) or UEs (UL) excluding noise. SIR is a quality metric used to maintain appropriate power levels in the uplink and downlink. The UTRAN uses a very fast power control technique called “closedloop power control” where power is adjusted 1500 times per second in order to maintai n the Signal to Interference Ratio at a configured target value. SIR is further explained in the Mobility Management section.
4.4.6 RSSI The Received Signal Strength Indication is a signal level measurement of the downlink which includes thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver within the receiver’s bandwidth. Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) is equivalent to the No measurement used in Ec/No above.
4.4.7 RTWP Received Total Wideband Power measured by the Node B is the received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver within the receiver’s bandwidth.
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4.4.8 BLER BLER is the Block Error Rate at the Transport Channel Layer. CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/No, Eb/No and SIR are all measurements of the Physical Layer. The Transport Channel layer resides above the Physical Layer. At the Transport Layer, data from the Physical Layer is put into CRC encoded Blocks. If a Block fails a CRC check, it is considered in error. BLER indicates the percentage of these Blocks in error.
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5. Parameters Descri bed Within Cont ext 5.1
Idle Mode
Idle Mode is a state every UE enters when it is powered on. It is also the state in which each powered on UE spends most of its time. In this state, the UE must be ready and able to Originate and Terminate calls. This section includes cell selection, but does not include Cell Reselection as Cell Reselection is a function of mobility and as such is covered in the Mobility Management section.
5.1.1 Cell Search Procedure After either power up or entry into network coverage, the UE must begin to read information on the BCCH. The Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) is used to broadcast System Information to all UEs within its coverage area. This is accomplished in 3 steps. However, before the 3 steps are described, it is important to understand the Slot and Frame structure of the downlink. A Slot is made up of 2560 Chips (meaning it’s a spread signal). 15 Slots make up one 10 ms Frame. 73 Frames make up one Superframe. 1.
Slot Synchronization with the downlink is acquired by correlating the Primary Synchronization Code, common to every cell and known by all UEs, with the Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) transmitted on the downlink. It is important to know that neither the Primary nor the Secondary Synchronization Channel are ever Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling Code. Each cell serving in the UE’s geographic area transmits a Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH). The cell that the UE is able to obtain the strongest correlation with is chosen as the serving cell. The Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) power level is controlled by the primarySchPower [Cell, -18, 0.1dB, Fixed] parameter which is set relative to the power of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH). Figure 1: Slot and Frame Struct ure 720 ms F0
F1
...
F2
F70
F71
...
Superframe = 72 frames
10 ms S0
S1
S2
...
S13
S14
Frame = 15 Slots
.667 ms
...
Slot = 2560 Chips
The process in which UARFCNs are chosen for a Slot Synchronization attempt is UE implementation dependant.
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2.
3.
Even though the UE has acquired Slot Synchronization, it still needs to know the Slot number within a Frame (Frames have 15 Slots) so it can know where the Frame begins. It does this by correlating one of the 16 Secondary Synchronization Codes with the Secondary Synchronization Channel (SSCH). It is important to know that neither the Primary nor the Secondary Synchronization Channel are ever Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling Code. The 16 Secondary Synchronization Codes are used to form 64 unique Secondary Synchronization Channel sequences. Once the UE has decoded 15 successive Secondary Synchronization Codes, i t not only knows where the Frame begins, but the Code Group (used in step 3) as well. The UE is now Frame Synchronized. The Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH) power is controlled by the secondarySchPower [Cell, -35, 0.1dB, Fixed] parameter which is set relative to the power of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH). Now that the UE is Slot and Frame Synchronized, it must still determine the cell’s Primary Scrambling Code before it can begin to read the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH). In step 2, the UE discovers the cell’s Code Group. Each Code Group identifies 8 possible Primary Scrambling Codes. The correct Primary Scrambling Code is determined by correlating each of the 8 possibilities with the Common Pilot Channel (CPICH). Once the correct Primary Scrambling Code has been found, the UE can detect the Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) which carries the Broadcast CHannel (BCH) Transport Channel. The Broadcast CHannel (BCH) transmission power is controlled throughput bchPower [Cell, -31, 0.1dB, Fixed] which is set relative to the power of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH). The Broadcast CHannel (BCH) carries the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) Logical Channel. The cell’s Primary Scrambling Code is configured using the primaryScramblingCode [Cell, 0 to 511, Integer, Variable] parameter.
The Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CPPCH) carries the System Frame Number (SFN) which is used as the timing reference for all Physical Channels. The System Frame Number (SFN) ranges from 0 to 4095 (inclusive). For more information about Slot and Frame synchronization, see [3e].
5.1.2 PLMN Selection Now the UE is able to read the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH). If the UE finds its subscribed Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) it then continues to read System Information from the BCCH.
5.1.2.1
Inform ation on the Broadc ast Contro l CHannel (BCCH)
The Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) broadcasts information consisting of a Master Information Block (MIB), up to 18 System Information Blocks (SIB) types numbered 1-18, and up to 2 Scheduling Blocks (SB). Ericsson has implemented a Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Blocks (SIB) types 1, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 12. The following breakdown of the Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Blocks (SIBs) provides an indication of where the UE gets the information necessary in order to maintain Idle Mode, Establish Calls, and Manage Mobility. The “Layer 3 Message” column was derived from TEMS 6.0 log files. The Purpose column provides a brief description of where the parameter applies. •
Master Infor mation Bl ock (MIB). The Master Information Block (MIB) is sent at a fixed rate of every 8 Frames (80ms). It contains information that identifies the network as well as the start position and interval of each of the System Information Blocks (SIBs). The Master Information Block (MIB) also contains a Value Tag associated with each System Information Block supported. If the Value Tag for any supported System Information Block changes, the UE must read that System Information Block (SIB). In order to avoid the UE having to read each and every Master Information Block (MIB), a Paging Type 1 message is sent and repeated noOfMibValueTagRetrans [RNC, 0, Retransmissions, Fixed] times to all UEs indicating a Value Tag has changed in the Master Information Block
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 (MIB).
Table 7: Master Inform ation Bloc k (MIB) Contents Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
Purpose
mcc
MCC :
The Mobile Country Code
mnc
MNC :
The Mobile Network Code
sib1StartPos
Repx : y
Sets the start position of SIB 1 where x equals the repetition period and y equals the SFN / 2.
sib1RepPeriod
sib-Pos : repx
Sets the SIB 1 repetition period where x equals a number of Frames.
sib3StartPos
Repx : y
Sets the start position of SIB 3 where x equals the repetition period and y equals the SFN / 2.
sib3RepPeriod
sib-Pos : repx
Sets the SIB 3 repetition period where x equals a number of Frames.
sib5StartPos
Repx : y
Sets the start position of SIB 5 where x equals the repetition period and y equals the SFN / 2.
sib5RepPeriod
sib-Pos : repx
Sets the SIB 5 repetition period where x equals a number of Frames.
sib7StartPos
Repx : y
Sets the start position of SIB 7 where x equals the repetition period and y equals the SFN / 2.
sib7RepPeriod
sib-Pos : repx
Sets the SIB 7 repetition period where x equals a number of Frames.
sib11StartPos
Repx : y
Sets the start position of SIB 11 where x equals the repetition period and y equals the SFN / 2.
sib11RepPeriod
sib-Pos : repx
Sets the SIB 11 repetition period where x equals a number of Frames.
sib12StartPos
Repx : y
Sets the start position of SIB 12 where x equals the repetition period and y equals the SFN / 2.
sib12RepPeriod
sib-Pos : repx
Sets the SIB 12 repetition period where x equals a number of Frames.
•
System Informatio n Bl ock 1 (SIB 1). System Information Block 1 (SIB 1) contains Location Area (LA), Routing Area (RA) information and timer parameters. Since this System Information Block contains the Location Area (LA) and Routing Area (RA) information, it must also be read when a LA or RA border is crossed. The parameter sib1PLMNScopeValueTag [Cell, 0 to 31, Integer, Variable] controls when System Information Block 1 (SIB 1) is read and must be set so that neighboring Location Areas and Routing Areas have different values.
Table 8: System Informati on Bloc k 1 (SIB 1) Contents Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
Purpose
lAC
LAC : xxxxx
Location Area Code used by CS Core Network
t3212
CS domain – T3212 : x
Periodic Location Area Update interval in deci-minutes, e.g. 1 = 6 minutes.
att
CS domain – ATT : x
Indicates if the UE is allowed to IMSI Attach to the CS
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Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
Purpose Core Network
cnDrxCycleLengthCs
CS domain – DRXCycleLengthCoeff : k
Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Cycle Length Coefficient.
rAC
RAC : xx
Routing Area Code used by PS Core Network
nmo
NMO : x
Network Mode of Operation
cnDrxCycleLengthPs
PS domain – DRXCycleLengthCoeff : k
Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Cycle Length Coefficient.
•
System Informatio n Bl ock 3 (SIB 3). System Information Block 3 (SIB 3) contains parameters for cell selection and reselection.
Table 9: System Informati on Bloc k 3 (SIB 3) Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
Purpose
qualMeasQuantity
cellSelectQualityMeasur Determines if cell ranking uses quality measurements. e:x
sRatSearch
s-SearchRAT : x
Used to determine when Inter-RAT measurements begin.
sHcsRat
s-HCS-RAT : x
Used to determine when Inter-RAT measurements begin.
qQualMin
q-QualMin : x
Used in Cell Selection and Re-selection
qRxLevMin
q-RxlevMin : x
Used in Cell Selection and Re-selection
qHyst2
q-Hyst-I-S : x
Used in Cell Selection and Re-selection
treSelection
t-Reselection-S : x
Used in Cell Selection and Re-selection
maxTxPowerUl
maxAllowedUL-TXPower : x
Max UE power allowed on the uplink.
cellReserved
CellReservedForOperat orUse : x
Indicates if the cell is reserved by the operator.
•
System Informatio n Bl ock 5 (SIB 5). System Information Block 5 (SIB 5) contains parameters that determine the configuration of Common Physical Channels (PhyCHs) in the cell.
Table 10: System Inform ation Bl ock 5 (SIB 5) Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
pichPower
pich-PowerOffset : x
aichPower
Aich-PowerOffset : x
Purpose Power level of the Page Indication CHannel (PICH) relative to the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) power Power level of the Acquisition Indication CHannel (AICH) relative to the Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) power
primaryCpichPower
primaryCPICH-TXPower : x
Power level of the Primary CPICH
ConstantValueCprach
constantValue : x
Used by the UE to calculate initial power on the
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Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
Purpose PRACH.
powerOffsetP0
powerRampStep : x
Preamble power step when no Acquisition Indicator is received.
preambleRetransMax
preambleRetransMax : x
Maximum number of Preambles sent in one ramping cycle
•
System Informatio n Bl ock 7 (SIB 7). System Information Block 7 (SIB 7) contains uplink interference value. Due to the fact that this value changes very often, this System Information Block’s interval is controlled by a timer. When the UE receives System Information Block 7 (SIB 7), a timer is started. Once the timer expires, the information is considered invalid and the UE reads the information again. The expiration time is the value of the sib7RepPeriod [RNC, 16, Frames, Fixed] parameter multiplied by the sib7expirationTimeFactor [RNC, 1, Factor, Fixed] parameter.
Table 11: System Inform ation Bl ock 7 (SIB 7) Ericsson Parameter n/a
•
Layer 3 Message ul-Interference
Purpose Provides uplink Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP). RTWP = No
System Informatio n Bl ock 11 (SIB 11). System Information Block 11 (SIB 11) contains the cell’s soft/softer handover neighbor list including the Primary Scrambling Code of each neighbor. This handover list is supplied to the UE before a call is established so that the UE may make Intra-frequency measurements before receiving the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message from the Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC).
Table 12: System Inform ation Bl ock 11 (SIB 11) Ericsson Parameter
Layer 3 Message
Purpose
reportingRange1a
e1a – reportingRange : x
CPICH reporting range add threshold.
hysteresis1a
e1a – hysteresis : x
Hysteresis used for CPICH add threshold.
timeToTrigger1a
e1a – timeToTrigger : x
Time between CPICH add and reporting.
reportingRange1b
e1b – reportingRange : x
CPICH reporting range drop threshold.
hysteresis1b
e1b – hysteresis : x
Hysteresis used for CPICH drop threshold.
timeToTrigger1b
e1b – timeToTrigger : x
Time between CPICH drop and reporting.
hysteresis1c
e1c – hysteresis : 2
Hysteresis used for CPICH replacement.
timeToTrigger1c
e1c – timeToTrigger : x
Time between CPICH replacement and reporting.
hysteresis1d
e1d – hysteresis : x
Hysteresis used in best CPICH replacement.
timeToTrigger1d
e1d – timeToTrigger : x
Time between best CPICH replacement and reporting.
•
System Informatio n Bl ock 12 (SIB 12). System Information Block 12 (SIB 12) contains measurement control information to be used in the cell.
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Table 13: System Inform ation Bl ock 12 (SIB 12) Ericsson Parameter n/a
Layer 3 Message n/a
Purpose There are no configurable parameters reported in this SIB
The UE reads System Information only when one of the following events occurs: •
•
•
•
The UE is powered up. Immediately after Cell Reselection (except SIB 1 where the parameter sib1PLMNScopeValueTag [Cell, 0 to 31, Integer, Variable] is used). The UE receives a Paging Type 1 message indicating System Information has changed. Then the MIB is read which indicates the SIBs that have been updated. The timer expires for SIBs with an expiration timer (SIB 7 only).
Otherwise, in order to conserve battery life, the UE does not read the System Information. This is something to consider when observing Layer 3 messages using a diagnostic UE.
5.1.2.2
Camping on a Suitable Cell
Now that the UE has read the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH), it knows the values of the parameters that help the UE determine if the cell is suitable. The Cell must not be Reserved and it must be suitable in terms of signal level (Srxlev) and quality (Squal). cellReserved [Cell, NOT_RESERVED, String, Variable] is a cell based parameter sent in System Information Block 3 (SIB3). It has two possible settings; RESERVED and NOT_RESERVED. When set to RESERVED, only UEs with SIMs having an ACC of 11 or 15 (set in the SIM’s HLR profile) will be allowed to camp on the cell assuming the cell is on their home PLMN. See TS 25.306 for details. All other UEs (with SIMs having other than ACC 11 or 15) will avoid camping on the cell. The UE’s Cell Reselection process will also avoid reserved cells. accessClassNbarred [Cell, 0, Integer, Fixed] is another cell ba sed parameter sent in System Information Block 3 (SIB3). It makes it possible to disallow UEs with SIM that have specific Access Classes provisioned for them in the HLR from accessing the network. This parameter differs from the cellReserved [Cell, NOT_RESERVED, String, Variable] parameter in that accessClassNbarred [Cell, 0, Integer, Fixed] still allows the UE to camp on the network. This could cause a worst case senerio wherein the UE camps on the 3G network, but is not allowed to register. The signal level (Srxlev) and quality (Squal) parameters are commonly referred to as the “S” parameters. Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas – qRxLevMin [Cell, -115, dBm, Fixed] – Pcompensation Where: •
•
•
Srxlev is the signal level criteria used to determine a cell’s suitability. Qrxlevmeas is the Primary Common Pilot Channel Received Signal Code Power (PCPICH RSCP) as measured by the UE. qRxLevMin [Cell, -115, dBm, Fixed] is sent in System Information Block 3 (SIB 3) for the serving cell which
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 indicates the minimum acceptable Primary Common Pilot Channel Received Signal Code Power (PCPICH RSCP). •
The quantity called Pcompensation is the maximum value of maxTxPowerUl [Cell, 24, dBm, Fixed] – P or 0 where maxTxPowerUl [Cell, 24, dBm, Fixed] is sent in System Information Block 3 (SIB 3) which indicates the maximum transmission power allowed for a UE and P is the output power of the UE according to its Power Class.
Example part 1 of 3. A Power Class 3 UE is served at a path loss 10 dB less than the maximum path loss as indicated in the Link Budget table, qRxLevMin [Cell, -115, dBm, Fixed] is set conservatively at -115 dBm, and maxTxPowerUl [Cell, 24, dBm, Fixed] is set at 24 dBm. Pcompensation is the maximum value of either 24 dBm – 24 dBm or 0. So Srxlev = -105 dBm minus -115 dBm minus 0. Srxlev = 10. Squal = Qqualmeas – qQualMin [Cell, -19, dB, Fixed] Where: •
•
Qqualmeas is the Primary Common Pilot Channel Chip Energy over Noise Spectral Density (PCPICH Ec/No) as measured by the UE. qQualMin [Cell, -19, dB, Fixed] is sent in System Information Block 3 (SIB 3) for the serving cell indicates the minimum acceptable Primary Common Pilot Channel Chip Energy over Noise Spectral Density (PCPICH Ec/No) for the cell.
Example part 2 of 3. The UE is served at an Ec/No of -14 dB and qQualMin [Cell, -19, dB, Fixed] is set at -19 dB. -14 dB minus -19 dB. Squal = 5 dB.
The cell is considered suitable if its cell selection criterion (S criterion) is met. In order for the S criterion to be met, Srxlev and Squal must have positive values. Example part 3 of 3. The UE calculates both S criteria with positive resulting values. The cell is considered acceptable where the S criterion is concerned. It is now allowed to transmit on the uplink.
5.1.3 IMSI and GPRS At tach Assuming now that the UE has found its home PLMN and is Camping on a suitable cell, it must International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Attach and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Attach to the Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS) Core Networks (CN) respectively. This process is also known as Registration.
5.1.3.1
Attach Procedur e
If att [LA, 1=TRUE, Integer, Fixed] sent in System Information Block 1 (SIB 1) is set to 1, the UE must establish a Signaling Connection to notify the Circuit Switched Core Network (CS-CN) and Packet Switched Core Network (PS-CN) that it is powered on and within network coverage. Signaling Connections are always initiated by the UE. First, the UE must access the Node B in order to send a request to the RNC to establish a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection. This is done through the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) on the upli nk and the Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH) on the downlink. The UE sends successive attempts on the uplink, each at a greater power level until the Node B responds on the Acquisition Indicator CHannel (AICH) on the downlink. The Acquisition Indicator CHannel (AICH) power is set relative to the Primary Common Pilot CHannel (PCPICH) through
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aichPower [Cell, -6, dB, Fixed]. The process of sending successive attempts, each at an increased power level, is known as Preamble Ramping. The initial power on the PRACH is determined by the UE using the following formula: P_PRACH = L_PCPICH + RTWP + ConstantValueCprach [Cell, -27, dB, Fixed] •
•
•
•
P_PRACH is the power used for the initial PRACH attempt. L_PCPICH is the path loss estimated by the UE (difference between primaryCpichPower [Cell, 300, 0.1dBm, Fixed] as indicated in SIB 5 and PCPICH RSCP as measured by the UE). RTWP is the Received Total Wideband Power measured by the Node B as indicated in SIB 7. ConstantValueCprach [Cell, -27, dB, Fixed] determines the level below the Received Total Wideband Power at which Preamble Ramping begins.
For example, a UE is served at a path loss 10 dB less than the maximum path loss as indicated in the Link Budget table, so L_PCPICH = 132 dB. Let’s also say the RTWP = -105 dBm and ConstantValueCprach [Cell, -27, dB, Fixed] = -27 dB. The sum of these values, or P_PRACH, is 0 dBm. The UE will begin the attempt at 0 dBm.
Subsequent transmission attempts within a Ramping Cycle are made at an increased power level relative to the former attempt. The increase in power level between steps is controlled by the parameter powerOffsetP0 [Cell, 2, dB, Fixed] which the UE reads from System Information Block (SIB) 5. The UE ceases its access attempt as soon as it receives an Acknowledgement Indicator (AI) on the downlink Acquisition Indication CHannel (AICH). However, the UE is not allowed to ramp its power indefinitely. The preambleRetransMax [Cell, 15, Preambles, Fixed] parameter in SIB 5 controls how many successive Preambles the UE can transmit within one Ramping Cycle and the maxPreambleCycle [Cell, 3, Cycles, Fixed] parameter controls how many Ramping Cycles can be attempted before the UE aborts the access attempt. Figure 2: Power Ramping on RACH
powerOffsetP0
AI
powerOffsetPpm
P_PRACH Power (dB) Message Part RACH
preambleRetransMax (Ramping Cycle)
AICH Time As soon as the UTRAN responds with an Acknowledgement Indicator (AI) on the downlink, the UE sends the PRACH Message Part informing the Radio Network Controller (RNC) that it wishes to set up a Radio
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Resource Control (RRC) Connection. The power at which PRACH Message Part is sent is equal to the sum of the power of the successful transmission attempt and powerOffsetPpm [Cell, 0, dB, Fixed]. Once the UE and Radio Network Controller (RNC) have established a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection, the RNC establishes an Iu Control Plane con nection over the Iu interface to the appropriate Core Network (CN) element(s), i.e. the SGSN, MSC or both. The resulting Transparent Message Transfer connection between the UE and Core Network (CN) element(s) allows the exchange of Non Access Stratum (NAS) messages such as Registrations, Location or Routing Area Updates, and Service Requests for User Plane connections. The figure below details all of the steps necessary to complete a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection. Following the figure are detailed explanations for each step. Figure 3: RRC Connecti on Signaling Flow
Uu
UE 1
RRC
Iub
Node B
RNC
RRC Connection Request
RACH Message Part
2
RRC
Initiate UE Context
Activated Algorithms: - Power Control 3 - Iub and Uu Timing Scheduling - Admission Control 4 5
Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP
7
Start Receive of UL DPCH Start Radio Link Supervision
11 12
RRC
Start Transmission of DL DPCH
L1 Synchronization
DCH
Radio Link Restore Indication RRC Connection Complete
16 1.
RRC
Transport Bearer Synchronization
14 NBAP 15
Suspend SRB3, SRB4 and other RLC AM entities
RRC Connection Setup
FACH
RRC
13
NBAP
AAL2 Connection Setup for DCH
9 10
NBAP
Resource Allocation 6
8
Radio Link Setup Request
NBAP
NBAP RRC
Resume SRB3, SRB4 and other RLC AM entities
RRC Connection Request. After the UE receives the Acknowledgement Indicator (AI) on the downlink, it initiates the establishment of a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection by sending the Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection Request message with an establishment cause of
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“Registration” within the Message Part using the Random Access Channel (RACH) Transport Channel. 2.
Initiate UE Cont ext. The Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection attempt is assigned a UTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identity (U-RNTI) which is unique within the network.
3. Ac ti vat ed A lg or it hm s. At this point, the Power Control algorithm sets the initial downlink and uplink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH) and Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH) transmission power. These channels are time multiplexed on the downlink and code (I/Q) multiplexed on the uplink. Together they are typically referred to as a Dedicated Physical CHannel (DPCH). The following initial power level parameters are used whenever a Radio Link is set up. The initial downlink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH) power is determined using the following formula: P_DL_DPDCH = primaryCpichPower [Cell, 300, 0.1dBm, Fixed] + (dlInitSirTarget [RNC, 41, 0.1dB, Fixed] - Ec/No_PCPICH) + cBackOff [RNC, 0, 0.25dB, Fixed] + 10 log(2/SF_DL_DPDCH) Where: •
•
•
•
P_DL_DPDCH is the initial downlink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH) power. primaryCpichPower [Cell, 300, 0.1dBm, Fixed] sets the power of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH) sent in SIB 5. dlInitSirTarget [RNC, 41, 0.1dB, Fixed] sets the required initial Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) Target. Ec/No_PCPICH is the ratio of Chip Energy to the Noise Power Spectral Density of the Primary Common Pilot CHannel (P-CPICH) as measured by the UE. If this measurement is not available, ecNoPcpichDefault [RNC, 16, dB, Fixed] is used.
•
cBackOff [RNC, 0, 0.25dB, Fixed] is used to offset the value of P_DL_DPDCH.
•
SF_DL_DPDCH is the Spreading Factor of the downlink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH).
The initial downlink Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH) power is set relative to the initial downlink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) power by means of a series of offsets: P_DL_DPCCH_TFCI = (P_DL_DPDCH + pO1 [RNC, 0, 0.25dB, Fixed] ) P_DL_DPCCH_TPC = (P_DL_DPDCH + pO2 [RNC, 12, 0.25dB, Fixed] ) P_DL_DPCCH_PILOT = (P_DL_DPDCH + pO3 [RNC, 12, 0.25dB, Fixed] )
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Figure 4: Downli nk DPCCH Power DL Power (dB)
pO2
pO1 pO3
TPC TFCI
Pilot Data 1
Data 2 Time
DPDCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
1 Timeslot (10ms)
Where: •
•
•
•
•
•
P_DL_DPCCH_TFCI is the initial power of the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel Transport Format Combination Indicator (DPCCH TFCI) field. pO1 [RNC, 0, 0.25dB, Fixed] sets the offset between the Data field and the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel Transport Format Combination Indicator (DPCCH TFCI) field. P_DL_DPCCH_TPC is the initial power of the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel Transmit Power Control (DPCCH TPC) field. pO2 [RNC, 12, 0.25dB, Fixed] sets the offset between the Data field and the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel Transmit Power Control (DPCCH TPC) field. P_DL_DPCCH_PILOT is the initial power of the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel Pilot field. pO3 [RNC, 12, 0.25dB, Fixed] sets the offset between the Data field and the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel Pilot field.
The initial uplink Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH) power is determined using the following formula: Power_UL_DPCCH_INIT = DPCCH_POWER_OFFSET - RSCP_PCPICH Where: •
•
Power_UL_DPCCH_INIT is the initial uplink Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH) power. DPCCH_POWER_OFFSET is calculated in the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and sent to the UE according to the following formula:
DPCCH_POWER_OFFSET = primaryCpichPower [Cell, 300, 0.1dBm, Fixed] + RTWP + ulInitSirTarget - 10 log (SF_DPCCH) + cPO [RNC, 0, 0.1dB, Fixed]
Where: •
DPCCH_POWER_OFFSET is an offset applied to Power_UL_DPCCH_INIT.
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 primaryCpichPower [Cell, 300, 0.1dBm, Fixed] sets the power of the Primary Common Pilot CHannel (PCPICH). If the Radio Network Controller (RNC) does now know the Primary Common Pilot CHannel (P-CPICH) power, as is the case when the UE is served by a Drift Radio Network Controller (DRNC), pcpichPowerDefault [RNC, 33, dBm, Fixed] is used instead. •
•
RTWP is the Received Total Wideband Power level on the uplink measured by the Node B.
ulInitSirTarget is one of the following configurable parameters based upon the Spreading Factor of the Radio Bearer. •
•
•
•
•
•
ulInitSirTargetSrb [RNC, 57, 0.1dB, Fixed] for stand-alone Signaling Radio Bearers (SRB). ulInitSirTargetLow [RNC, 49, 0.1dB, Fixed] for Radio Access Bearers (RABs) having minimum Dedicated Physical Data CHannel Spreading Factors (DPDCH SF) equal to or higher than 32. ulInitSirTargetHigh [RNC, 82, 0.1dB, Fixed] for RABs having minimum Dedicated Physical Data CHannel Spreading Factors (DPDCH SF) equal to 16 or 8. ulInitSirTargetExtraHigh [RNC, 92, 0.1dB, Fixed] for Radio Access Bearers (RABs) having minimum Dedicated Physical Data CHannel Spreading Factors (DPDCH SF) equal to or lo wer than 4.
SF_DPCCH is the Spreading Factor (SF) for the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel.
cPO [RNC, 0, 0.1dB, Fixed] is used to offset the initial uplink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH) power. •
•
RSCP_PCPICH is the Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) of the Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH).
The initial uplink Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH) power is determined according to the relative power offset between the Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH) and Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) as described in 3GPP TS 25.214. The UTRAN determines and signals the gain factor to the UE for the reference Transport Format Combination (TFC) only. The UE then computes the gain factors for other Transport Format Combinations (TFCs) based on the value for the reference Transport Format Combination (TFC). In addition to uplink and downlink power control, the Iub and Uu Timing Scheduling algorithms calculate channel timing parameters. The Admission Control algorithm checks if the new radio link can be allowed in the cell. The Code Control algorithms allocate the uplink scrambling code, downlink scrambling code, and downlink channelization code. 4.
Radio Link Setup Request. The RNC orders the Node B to reserve the necessary resources for a new Node B communication context.
5.
Resource Alloc ation. The Node B reserves the necessary resources for a new communication context and calculates link characteristic parameters from the received upli nk and downlink Transport Format Combination Indicator (TFCI) or Transport Format Set (TFS) information.
6.
Radio Link Setup Response. The Node B indicates to the RNC that the necessary resources are allocated for the radio link. It includes the binding identifier and transport layer address for the AAL2 connection.
7. AAL2 Co nn ect io n Set up fo r DCH. The transport bearer (AAL2 connection) needed for signaling is set up over the Iub by the RNC. 8.
Start Receive of UL DPCH – Start Radio Sync hro nizatio n. The Radio Link Set Supervision algorithm in the Node B starts evaluating the synchronization status of the Radio Link Set (RLS).
9.
Suspend SRB3, SRB4, and ot her RLC AM entiti es. Signaling Radio Bearer 3 (SRB 3), Signaling Radio Bearer 4 (SRB 4), and other Radio Link Control Acknowledged Mode (RLC AM) entities are suspended.
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10. RRC Connection Setup. The RNC indicates the UE state shall be CELL_DCH. The message is sent in Unacknowledged mode on the Forward Access CHannel (FACH). 11. Transport Bearer Synchronization. Transport Bearer Synchronization is achieved in the downlink between RNC and Node B for each Dedicated CHannel (DCH). 12. Start Transmiss ion of DL DPCH. The Node B only starts transmitting on the new radio link when the downlink user plane (Dedicated Physical Data CHannel – DPDCH) is considered synchronized. 13. L1 Synchronization. Layer 1 synchronization is achieved between UE and Node B. 14. Radio L ink Restore Indication. The Node B notifies the RNC that it has achieved uplink Layer 1 synchronization with the UE. 15. RRC Connection Complete. The UE starts the uplink transmission only after the reception of downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH). The UE capabil ities requested in step 10 are included in this message. This information is used by the Radio Access Be arer (RAB) establishment procedure, UE Security Handling, and the Channel Switching function. Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages can now be sent in acknowledged mode on a Dedicated CHannel (DCH). 16. Resume SRB3, SRB4, and o ther RLC AM ent ities. The SRB3, SRB4, and other Radio Link Control Acknowledged Mode (RLC AM) entities are resumed. Through this dedicated connection, the UE i s able to Register with the appropriate Core Network (CN) Element(s).
5.1.4 Location and Routing Area Updates Location and Routing Area Updates, also known as Registration updates, must be performed in order to provide the SGSN and MSC with an awareness of where the UE is located. Given the UE’s location, the Core Network (CN) element can page the UE to deliver calls. This awareness helps to avoid unnecessary paging when the UE is either turned off or is outside of the coverage area. Location Areas are defined through the lAC [LA, N/A, Integer, Variable] broadcast on the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) in System Information Block 1 (SIB 1). Routing Areas are defined through the rAC [RNC, N/A, Integer, Variable] also broadcast on the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) in System Information Block 1 (SIB 1). Besides IMSI and GPRS Attaches, there are basically two different types of Registration update; Normal and Periodic.
5.1.4.1
Norm al Update
A Normal Location or Routing Area update is performed when the UE either leaves Connected Mode, or performs a Cell Reselection in Idle Mode to a cell within a different Location or Routing Area.
5.1.4.2
Periodic Update
In addition to Normal Updates, Periodic Updates are performed. These updates are preformed regardless of whether the UE is in Idle Mode or Connected Mode (CELL_DCH). •
•
Circuit Switched Core Network. The interval at which the UE periodically updates the Circuit Switched Core Network (CS-CN) is set using the configurable t3212 [LA, 10, 6minutes, Fixed] parameter sent on the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) in System Information Block 1 (SIB 1). Packet Switc hed Core Network. The interval at which the UE periodically updates the Packet Switched Core
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 Network (PS-CN) is set using the t3312 timer. This timer is set in the SGSN and sent to the UE via both the Attach and the Routing Area Update messages.
The following table provides parameter ranges and default values involved in getting the UE into Idle Mode. They are listed in the same order they were presented. The Level column indicates the network element that owns the parameter. The class column indicates if the parameter is set based on Policy (must be set this way), Fixed (recommended to be set this way) and Variable (set at your discretion).
5.2
Call Establishment
Given the UE has successfully entered Idle Mode; it must then be able to originate and terminate calls within acceptable Accessibility measures. This section considers all of the algorithms invoked during the process of establishing a call.
5.2.1 Radio Access B earer A Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is a connection between the UE and the Mobile Switching Center (MSC) in the case of a Circuit Switched (CS) connection or between the UE and Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) in the case of a Packet Switched connection. There is also the possibility of the UE connecting to both the MSC and the SGSN as is the case in both SP0 and SP64. The Radio Access Bearer is set up according to the Requested Service after the Signaling Connection is established through a Signaling Radio Bearer. In the case of UE initiated connections where a Radio Access Bearer does not already exist, the Requested Service is sent in the Random Access CHannel (RACH) Message Part. Although the Requested Service could be sent by the UE, all Radio Access Bearers are actually initiated by the Core Network (CN). The variables within Quality of Service (QoS) fall into three main categories based upon the user’s need for guaranteed throughput and/or latency. The three categories are Conversational; which provides guaranteed low latency and throughput, Streaming; which provides guaranteed throughput but no guarantee for latency, and Interactive (also referred to as Background) which provides guarantees for neither throughput nor latency. Another variable determines which side of the Core Network is used. In general, all Packet Switched Radio Access Bearers are connected to the SGSN and all Circuit Switched Radio Access Bearers are connected to the MSC. The following types of Radio Access Bearers (RABs) are supported by the Ericsson UTRAN. •
•
•
Conversational Circ uit Swi tched Speech AMR 12.2kb. This is the typical Speech Radio Access Bearer. Given its Conversational Quality of Service (QoS) class, low latency and constant throughput are guaranteed. The Conversational class of service is Tr ansparent, meaning that in order to keep latency as low as possible, there is no Transport layer Block retransmission service offered. Conversation al Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb pl us Interactive Packet Switch ed 64/64. This type of Radio Access Bearer supports concurrent Circuit Switched Speech and Packet Switched Data. The Interactive Quality of Service (QoS) class Data connection can support a data rate of 64kb in the Uplink and 64kb in the downlink. Neither latency nor throughput is guaranteed for the Packet Switched connection. Ericsson refers to this type of Radio Access Bearer (RAB) as SP64. Conversation al Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb plu s Interactive Packet Switched 64/HS. This type of Radio Access Bearer supports concurrent Circuit Switched Speech and Packet Switched Data. The Interactive
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 Quality of Service (QoS) class Data connection can support a data rate of 64kb in the Uplink and HSDPA for the downlink. Neither latency nor throughput is guaranteed for the Packet Switched connection. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Conversational Cir cuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb plu s Interactive Packet Switched 384/HS. This type of Radio Access Bearer supports concurrent Circuit Switched Speech and Packet Switched Data. The Interactive Quality of Service (QoS) class Data connection can support a data rate of 384kb in the Uplink and HSDPA for the downlink. Neither latency nor throughput is guaranteed for the Packet Switched connection. Conversational Circ uit Swi tched Speech AMR 12.2kb plus Interactive Packet Switched 0/0. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) offers both Speech and a 0 bit rate Packet Switched connection. The 0 bit rate Packet Switched connection is used as a “stepping stone” between 64/64 and Idle Mode. The result is a reduction in latency from the end user’s perspective when using interactive applications such as Web Browsing. Ericsson refers to this type of Radio Access Bearer (RAB) as SP0. The availability of this Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is controlled through multiRabSp0Available [RNC, 1=TRUE, Binary, Fixed]. Conversational Circu it Switch ed Data 64. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Conversational class 64kb/s Unrestricted Digital Information (UDI) connection between the UE and the Circuit Switched Core Network. The Conversational class of service is Transparent, meaning that in order to keep latency as low as possible, there is no Transport layer Block retransmission service offered. Conversational Circ uit Swi tched Data 64 plus Interactive Packet Swit ched 8/8. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Conversational class 64kb/s Unrestricted Digital Information (UDI) connection between the UE and the Circuit Switched Core Network plus an Interactive class 8kb uplink, 8kb downlink Packet Switched connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network. Ericsson refers to this type of Radio Access Bearer (RAB) as UDI8. The availability of this Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is controlled through multiRabUdi8Available [RNC, 0=FALSE, Binary, Fixed]. Streaming Circu it Switch ed 57.6. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Streaming class connection between the UE and Circuit Switched Core Network with guaranteed throughput of up to 57.6kb and guaranteed low latency. Streaming Packet Swit ched 16/64. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Streaming class connection between the UE and the Packet Switched Core Network with guaranteed throughput of up to 57.6kb on the downlink and 16kb in the uplink. Latency is not guaranteed. Streaming Packet Switch ed 16/64 plus Interactive Packet Switched 8/8. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Streaming class connection between the UE and the Packet Switched Core Network with guaranteed throughput of up to 57.6kb on the downlink and 16kb in the uplink plus an interactive class 8kb uplink, 8kb downlink Packet Switched connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network. Throughput is only guaranteed for the Streaming class connection. Latency is not guaranteed for either connection. Streaming Packet Switched 16/128. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Streaming class connection between the UE and the Packet Switched Core Network with guaranteed throughput of up to 112kb on the downlink and 16kb in the uplink. Latency is not guaranteed. Streaming Packet Switch ed 16/128 plus Interacti ve Packet Switched 8/8. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides a Streaming class connection between the UE and the Packet Switched Core Network with a guaranteed throughput of up to 112kb on the downlink and 16kb in the uplink plus an interactive class 8kb uplink, 8kb downlink Packet Switched connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network. Throughput is only guaranteed for the Streaming class connection. Latency is not guaranteed for either connection. The availability of this Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is controlled through psStreaming128 [RNC, 0=FALSE, Binary, Fixed]. Interactive Packet Switch ed HSDPA with 384 uplin k. This Radio Access Bearer provides an interactive connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network of 1.8Mb on the downlink and 384kb on the uplink. Neither latency nor throughput is guaranteed. The availability of this Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is controlled through allow384HsRab [RNC, 1=TRUE, Binary, Fixed]. Interactive Packet Switch ed HSDPA with 64 uplin k. This Radio Access Bearer provides an interactive connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network of 1.8Mb on the downlink and 64kb on the uplink. Neither latency nor throughput is guaranteed. Interactive Packet Switched DCH/DCH. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides an interactive connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network of 64kb, 128kb or 384kb on the uplink and 64kb, 128kb or 384kb on the downlink. Neither latency nor throughput is guaranteed. The initial Dedicated Channel (DCH)
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 selected for all non-HSDPA capable mobiles requesting a Packet Switched Interactive connection is 64/64. The availability of the 128/128 Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is controlled through state128_128Supported [RNC, 1=TRUE, Binary, Fixed]. •
Interactive Packet Swit ched EUL/HS. This Radio Access Bearer (RAB) provides an interactive connection between the UE and Packet Switched Core Network using Enhanced Uplink (EUL) or HSUPA on the Uplink and HSDPA on the Downlink.
Ericsson supports many types of Radio Access B earers (RABs) as shown above; however, our end to end network does not currently support Differentiated Service through the use of QoS profiles. Our current implementation supports only the following Radio Access B earer (RAB) configurations. •
•
•
Conversational Circuit Switched AMR 12.2kb for Speech. Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb for Speech plus Interactive Packet Switched 64/64 or 0/0 (SP64/SP0). This is also referred to as MultiRAB. Interactive Packet Switched 64/64 for non-HSDPA capable UEs. Up-switching allows for all combinations of 64, 128, and 384 on the Uplink and Downlink. Down-switching allows the use of common channels (RACH and FACH) for User Plane data.
•
Interactive Packet Switched 64kb or 384kb uplink with HSDPA downlink for UEs with HSDPA capability.
•
Interactive Packet Switched Enhanced Uplink (EUL) with HSDPA downlink for UEs with EUL/HS capability.
•
Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb for Speech plus Interactive Packet Switched 384kb or 64kb uplink with HSDPA downlink for UEs with HSDPA capability. This is also referred to as HS MultiRAB
5.2.2 Mobile Origination / Termination The establishment of a Radio Access Bearer (RAB) in the case of a Mobile Origination or Termination begins with either a RACH on the uplink, or a Page on the downlink. The establishment of an RRC Connection is identical to the process used in Figure 4 within the Idle Mode section except that the resulting Transparent Message Transfer connection between the UE and Core Network (CN) element specifies a Service Request for a User Plane connection. Based upon the type of Service requested, the Core Network Sends a RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST to the Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC) indicating the RAB ID. The Serving Radio Network Controller (SRNC) determines the new Radio Connection based upon the type of Service Requested by the Core Network taking i nto consideration any existing Radio Connections between it and the UE. There are also functions as described in the following subsections that determine the treatment of the Service Request. Each is considered independent of the others. The parameters that guide the operation of each function are described within context.
5.2.2.1
Paging
There are two primary uses for paging. One is to inform UEs of an incoming call, the other is to inform UEs of new System Information broadcast on the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH). Pages for calls can be sent from either the Packet Switched or the Circuit Switched core network. A UE may be paged while it is in Idle Mode, CELL_FACH state or in CELL_DCH state. In Idle Mode, the Secondary Common Control Physical CHannel (S-CCPCH) and the Pagi ng Indicator CHannel (PICH) are used. The Paging Indicator CHannel (PICH) power is set relative to the Primary Common Pilot CHannel (PCPICH) through pichPower [Cell, -7, dB, Fixed].
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3 •
•
The Secondary Common Control Physical CHannel (S-CCPCH) carries the Paging CHannel (PCH) logical channel. The Paging CHannel (PCH) power is set relative to the Primary Common Pilot CHannel (PCPICH) through pchPower [RNC, -4, 0.1dB, Fixed]. The Paging CHannel (PCH) is used to carry the Radio Resource Control (RRC) Message “Paging type 1” which carries the actual paging message from the Core Network. In order to conserve UE battery life, the UE does not always read the Paging CHannel (PCH). The Paging Indicator CHannel (PICH) is used to indicate when the UE should read the Paging CHannel (PCH). Each Paging Indicator CHannel (PICH) frame consists of a number of Paging Indicators. The UEs are divided into a number of groups, and each group reads a specific Paging Indicator that tells if it should read the Paging CHannel (PCH). The interval at which the UE reads the Paging Indicator CHannel (PICH) is determined by its own International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Cycle Length. k
The Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Cycle Length = 2 * 10ms Where: •
•
k = cnDrxCycleLengthCs [RNC, 7=1280, coeff, Fixed] for Circuit Switched services cnDrxCycleLengthPs [RNC, 7=1280, coeff, Fixed] for Packet Switched services and utranDrxCycleLength [RNC, 5=320, coeff, Fixed] for UEs in URA_PCH State. 10ms is equal to the duration of a System Frame
In CELL_FACH state or in CELL_DCH state a connection exists between the UTRAN and the UE. The RRC message "Paging type 2" is used to carry paging information over the dedicated connection. The noOfPagingRecordTransm [RNC, 2, Integer, Fixed] controls the number of times a single page from the Core Network will be sent by the UTRAN. UEs in Idle Mode are informed of new System Information broadcast on the Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) through consecutive “Paging type 1” messages. The number of times a UE (that uses maximum possible DRX cycle length) hears the updated system information is defined by the parameter noOfMaxDrxCycles [RNC, 1, DRX cycles, Fixed].
5.2.2.2
Admi ssio n Contro l
Admission Control is a function that determines if a new radio link can be allowed on the cell given the cell’s current resource load. New radio links can be requested for Call Origination, Termination, Handover or when existing radio links are modified. Transport resources (Iub) are not considered during Admission Control procedures and as such do not have any affect on Admission Control.
When a request is made of Admission Control, Service Classes (Guaranteed, Guaranteed-HS and NonGuaranteed) and Setup Types (Handover and Non-Handover) are used to allow for prioritization among requests for different types of radio links. The following radio connection types (supported by AT&T) correspond to the Guaranteed Service Class: •
Stand alone Signaling Radio Bearers (SRB)
•
Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb
•
Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb plus Interactive Packet Switched 0kb/0kb (SP0).
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The following radio connection types (supported by AT&T) correspond to the Non-Guaranteed Service Class: •
Interactive Packet Switched 64/64, 64/128, 128/128 and 64/384
•
Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2 plus Interactive Packet Switched 64kb/64kb (SP64)
The following radio connection types (supported by AT&T) correspond to the Guaranteed-HS Service Class: •
Interactive Packet Switched 384/HS
•
Interactive Packet Switched 64/HS
•
Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb for Speech plus Interactive Packet Switched 384kb or 64kb uplink with HSDPA for downlink
The first decisions made to admit or block Radio Link admission requests are based upon two algorithms that use the following two configurable parameters. See the figure below. •
•
•
•
Admission Control blocks new radio link admission requests for HSDPA when the number of users assigned to the High Speed Downlink Shared CHannel (HS-DSCH) in the cell exceeds hsdpaUsersAdm [Cell, 10, Users, Var.]. This configurable parameter does not apply to requests made as a result of Cell Change (mobility). The total number of HS users in the cell is limited by maxNumHsdpaUsers [Cell, 16, Users, Var.]. Admission Control blocks admission requests for a radio link in compressed mode when the current number of radio links exceeds compModeAdm [Cell, 15, Radio Links, Var.]. Admission control will block admission for an E-DCH user requesting the cell as serving cell if the total number of serving cell E-DCH users including the requested is greater than eulServingCellUsersAdm [Cell, 4, E-DCH users, Fixed]. Admission control will block admission for an E-DCH user requesting the cell as non-serving cell if the total number of non-serving cell E-DCH users including the requested is greater than eulNonServingCellUsersAdm [Cell, 10, E-DCH users, Fixed].
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Figure 5: 5: Admission Control (Radio (Radio Link Request) Request)
HS Call?
Y
# of HS users > hsdpaUsersAdm? hsdpaUsersAdm ?
N Radio Link Request
N 1
Block!
N
In Compressed Mode?
Y
N
Y
# of RL > compModeAdm ?
Y
In addition to specifying the Service Class and Setup Type, the Radio Link Request also includes an estimation of each of the following: •
Number of downlink downlink Channelization Channelization Codes
•
Usage of uplink and downlink Spreading Spreading Factors
•
Amount of downlink downlink Non-HS Power
•
Number of uplink uplink and downlink Air Air Speech Equivalents Equivalents (ASE)
•
Amount of Node B Hardware utilized.
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Downlink Channelization Codes. In order to reserve Channelization Channelization Codes for Handover, admission is blocked for all Guaranteed / Non-Handover and Guaranteed-HS / Non-Handover requests when Channelization Code utilization exceeds dlCodeAdm [Cell, 70, %, Var.] of the total total Channelization Codes in the cell. Furthermore, NonGuaranteed / Non-Handover admission requests are blocked when Channelization Code utilization exceeds dlCodeAdm [Cell, 70, %, Var.] – beMarginDlCode [Cell, 1, 5%, Var.] of the total Channelization Codes in the cell. See the figure below.
Figure 6: 6: Admissio n Control (DL (DL Channelization) Channelization) 1
Y
Handover?
N
Admit!
N
Guaranteed or Guaranteed HS?
Y
Channelization Code % Utilization > dlCodeAdm? dlCodeAdm?
Y
N (Non-Guaranteed)
Channelization Code % utilization > dlCodeAdm beMarginDlCode ? beMarginDlCode ?
Y
Block!
N Admit!
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Uplink and Downlink Spreading Factor usage. The Histogram Monitor keeps keeps track of Spreading Factor Factor usage in the uplink and downlink. It also measures the number of Compressed Mode radio links and the number of HS serving radio links in the cell in order to allow or deny requests for either Handover or Non-Handover based upon Spreading Factor utilization. Non-Guaranteed admission requests requests of Spreading Factor 8 in the downlink are denied when when the use of Spreading Factor 8 exceeds sf8Adm [Cell, 8, Radio Links, Fixed]. The 384kb Radio Access Bearer uses uses Spreading Factor 8 on the downlink. •
Non-Guaranteed admission requests requests of Spreading Factor 16 in the downlink are denied when the use of Spreading Factor 16 exceeds sf16Adm [Cell, 16, Radio Links, Var.]. The 128kb Radio Access Bearer uses Spreading Factor 16 on the downlink. •
Non-Guaranteed admission requests requests of Spreading Factor 32 in the downlink are denied when the use of Spreading Factor 32 exceeds sf32Adm [Cell, 32, Radio Links, Var.]. The 64kb Radio Access Bearer uses Spreading Factor 32 on the downlink. •
Guaranteed admission requests of Spreading Factor 16 in the downlink are denied when when the use of Spreading Factor 16 (Streaming 16kb/128kb) exceeds sf16gAdm [Cell, 16, Radio Links, Links, Var.]. However, AT&T does not not currently support any Guaranteed Radio Access Bearers that use Spreading Factor 16. •
Guaranteed HS or Non-Guaranteed Non-Guaranteed admission requests of Spreading Factor 16 in the uplink (64kb) are denied when the use of Spreading Factor 16 in the uplink exceeds sf16AdmUl [Cell, 50, Radio Links, Var.]. •
Guaranteed HS or Non-Guaranteed Non-Guaranteed admission requests of Spreading Factor 8 in the the uplink (128kb) are denied when the use of Spreading Factor 8 in the uplink exceeds sf8AdmUl [Cell, 8, Radio Links, Var.]. •
Guaranteed HS admission requests requests of Spreading Factor 4 in the uplink (384kb) are denied denied when the use of Spreading Factor 4 in the uplink exceeds sf4AdmUl [Cell, 6, Radio Links, Var.]. •
The sf4AdmUl [Cell, 6, Radio Links, Var.] parameter is Cell based relative to the RNC based 1=TRUE, Binary, Fixed] parameter. parameter. Given this, the number of cells where allow384HsRab [RNC, 1=TRUE, 384kb/HSDPA is possible within the RNC can be controlled.
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Figure 7: 7: Admissio n Control (Spreading (Spreading Factor Usage) Usage) SF 8s (384k) in DL > sf8Adm? sf8Adm?
Y
N SF 16s (128k) in DL > sf16Adm? sf16Adm?
Y
N SF 32s (64k) in DL > sf32Adm? sf32Adm?
Y
N SF 16s (64k) in UL > sf16AdmUl? sf16AdmUl ?
Admit!
Block!
Y
N SF 4s (128) in UL > sf8AdmUl? sf8AdmUl?
Y
N SF 4s (384) in UL > sf4AdmUl? sf4AdmUl?
•
Y
Downlin k Non-HS Power / Soft Soft Congesti on. Downlink power utilization utilization is measured in the cell. In addition to to Admission Control taking taking the following actions based based upon Downlink power utilization, utilization, a Soft Congestion Congestion mechanism is triggered. Upon Admission Control blocking a non 384kb Downlink Admission request, the mechanism Down-Switches the Downlink for one existing Non-Guaranteed Service Class connection to the next lowest rate. 384kb Downlink Radio Access Bearer (RAB) requests do not trigger Down-Switches since all 384kb Radio Access Bearers (RABs) result from Up-Switches and under Congested conditions, the Up-Switch request would be blocked. Transmitted Code Power Power utilization is monitored monitored and admission is blocked for for all Guaranteed / Non-Handover and Non-Guaranteed / Handover requests when the Transmitted Code Power utilization exceeds pwrAdm [Cell, 75, %, Var.] of maximumTransmissionPower [Cell, 400, 0.1dBm, Var.] which sets the maximum power available in the cell at the Reference Point (antenna connector). •
Non-Guaranteed / Non-Handover admission admission requests are blocked when the downlink downlink transmitted carrier power power utilization exceeds pwrAdm [Cell, 75, %, Var.] – beMarginDlPwr [Cell, 10, %, Var.] of maximumTransmissionPower [Cell, 400, 0.1dBm, Var.]. •
Guaranteed / Handover and Guaranteed-HS Guaranteed-HS / are allowed up to the limit limit set by pwrAdm [Cell, 75, %, Var.] + pwrAdmOffset [Cell, 10, %, Var.] of maximumTransmissionPower [Cell, 400, 0.1dBm, Var.]. •
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Figure 8: 8: Admissio n Control (DL (DL Power) Power) 1
Guaranteed / Non-HO or Non-Guaranteed / HO?
Y
Code Power > pwrAdm % pwrAdm % of maximumTransmissionPower ?
N
Y
N Admit! N
Non-Guaranteed / NonHandover?
Y
N (Guaranteed / Handover
Code Power > pwrAdm % pwrAdm % - beMarginDlPwr % of maximumTransmissionPower ?
Y
or Guaranteed HS / )
Code Power > pwrAdm % + pwrAdmOffset % of maximumTransmissionPower ?
Y
Block!
N Admit! •
Air Speech Equiv Equ ivalen alen t (ASE). The Air Speech Equivalent (ASE) Admission Admission Policy is used to control the load in both the uplink and the downlink. The table below shows the number of Air Speech Equivalents Equivalents (ASEs) per AT&T supported Radio Access Bearer (RAB).
Table 14: Air Speech Equivalents (ASE) Radio Connection Type
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ASEs ASEs
Signaling Radio Bearer
0.61
Conversational Circuit Switched Speech AMR 12.2kb
1.61
Interactive Packet Switched 64kb (UL or DL)
8.32
Interactive Packet Switched 128kb (UL or DL)
16.03
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Interactive Packet Switched 384kb (UL for HS or DL)
40.27
HS for Downlink – A-DCH only
0.61
Multi RAB 64/64 (UL and DL)
9.32
Multi RAB HS 64/HS
9.32 / 1.61
Multi RAB HS 384/HS
41.27 / 1.61
The Air Speech Equivalent (ASE) (ASE) provides a unit of Uu interface load. Through its use in the Admission Control algorithm, increases in noise in the uplink and do wnlink as a function of loading can be considered before the Radio Link is established. For the Uplink, the Air Air Speech Equivalent (ASE) (ASE) is monitored and and admission is blocked for all all Guaranteed / Non-Handover, Non-Guaranteed / Handover and Guaranteed-HS / Non-Handover requests when the number of Air Speech Equivalents Equivalents exceeds aseUlAdm [Cell, 500, ASE, ASE, Var.]. Non-Guaranteed / Non-Handover requests requests are blocked when the number of Air Speech Equivalents exceeds aseUlAdm [Cell, 500, ASE, Var.] - beMarginAseUl [Cell, 0, ASE, Var.]. Var.]. Guaranteed / Handover and Guaranteed-HS / Handover requests are blocked when the number of Air Speech Equivalents exceeds aseUlAdm [Cell, 500, ASE, Var.] + aseUlAdmOffset [Cell, 40, ASE, Var.]. See the figure below. •
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Figure 9: Admissio n Control (Uplink ASE Utilization) 1
Guaranteed / Non-HO, Non-Guaranteed / HO or Guaranteed-HS / NonHO?
Y
# of ASEs > aseUlAdm?
N
Y
N
Admit! N
Non-Guaranteed / NonHandover?
Y
# of ASEs > aseUlAdm beMarginAseUl?
Y
N (Guaranteed / Handover or
Guaranteed HS / Handover)
# of ASEs > aseUlAdm + aseUlAdmOffset?
Y
Block!
N
Admit! For the Downlink, the Air Speech Equivalent (ASE) is monitored and admission is blocked for all NonGuaranteed / Handover, Guaranteed / and Guaranteed-HS / requests when the number of Air Speech Equivalents exceeds aseDlAdm [Cell, 500, ASE, Var.]. Non-Guaranteed / Non-Handover requests are blocked when the number of Air Speech Equivalents exceeds aseDlAdm [Cell, 500, ASE, Var.] – beMarginAseDl [Cell, 0, ASE, Var.]. See the figure below. •
ND-00150 Rev. 3.0 09/09/2007
AT&T CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY Use pursuant to Company instructions
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Volume II – Ericsson Field Guide for UTRAN P3
Figure 10: Admissio n Control (Downlink ASE Utilization) 1
Non-Guaranteed / HO, Guaranteed / or Guaranteed-HS / ?
Y
N (Non-Guaranteed / Non-
# of ASEs > aseDlAdm?
Y
N
Handover)
Admit!
# of ASEs > aseDlAdm beMarginAseDl ?
Y
Block!
N
Admit!
•
Node B Hardw are utilized. The Hardware Monitor provides Admission Control based upon an estimation of the hardware (Channel Elements) utilized in the Uplink and Downlink. For the Uplink, the Hardware Utilization is monitored and admission is blocked for all Guaranteed / NonHandover, Non-Guaranteed / Handover and Guaranteed-HS / Non-Handover requests when the percent of Uplink Hardware Utilized exceeds ulHwAdm [Site, 80, %, Var.]. Non-Guaranteed / Non-Handover requests are blocked when the percent of Uplink Hardware Utilized exceeds ulHwAdm [Site, 80, %, Var.] – beMarginUlHw [Site, 0, %, Var.]. Guaranteed / Handover and Guaranteed-HS / Handover requests are blocked when the percent of Uplink Hardware Utilized arrives at 100%. See the figure below. •
ND-00150 Rev. 3.0 09/09/2007
AT&T CONFIDENTIAL & PROPRIETARY Use pursuant to Company instructions
Page 47 of 170 © 2007 AT&T
