1200 kV system
September 7, 2017 | Author: rspwr | Category: N/A
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DESIGN OF 1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE R. N. Nayak, Executive Director M. Krishnakumar, General Manager Anish Anand, Chief Design Engineer
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. Gurgaon, INDIA
Indian Power System – 2025 & Beyond
KISHENPUR
MOGA
TEHRI
MEERUT
MUNDKA
BAREILLY
AGRA LUCKNOW
JAIPUR
SILIGURI BALIA
GWALIOR KOTA
PURNEA GAYA
FATEHPUR SASARAM SASAN BINA
DEHGAM
NKSTPP
SATNA
INDORE ITARSI
RANCHI SEONI
SIPAT
WARDHA
DHULE
IB VALLEY MUMBAI JEYPORE PUNE SOLAPUR
HYDERABAD
VIJAYAWADA
LEGEND
RAICHUR
1200KV UHVAC LINES 765KV UHVAC LINES 800kV HVDC BIPOLE BANGALORE MADRAS
NER POOLING POINT
• Peak Demand : 4,50,000 MW (3 times of 2012) • Installed Capacity : 6,00,000MW (3 times of 2012) • Power from ER/NER to NR/WR/SR : 80,000-90,000 MW (4 times of 2012) • Inter Regional Capacity : 1,40,000MW (3.5 times of 2012) • Next Level Transmission Network i.e. 1200kV UHVAC Network • Main Transmission Level : 1200kV UHVAC/800kV HVDC Network • 765kV EHVAC and 500kV HVDC System would be used as support Tr. Network • 400kV AC System would be used as Sub-transmission Network
DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF 1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE
TYPICAL TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FLOW CHART Tower Design Study
Bundle Conductor studies Review of Existing systems & Practices
Selection of clearances
Tower Configuration Analysis
Line Cost & Optimization
Insulator string design Tower Fdn. Design/Study
Economic Evaluation Of Line
Results
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - STUDIES UNDERTAKEN PRELIMINARY STUDIES UNDERTAKEN ¾ Clearances & Tower Configuration Analysis ¾ Thermal Rating & Surge Impedance Loading ¾ Conductor Surface Gradients & Corona Onset-gradients ¾ Insulation / insulator string design ¾ Electric Fields at ground ¾ Interference Performance Radio Interference Audible Noise
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - STUDIES UNDERTAKEN CONDUCTOR-BUNDLES ANALYSED ¾ Hexagonal ACSR Lapwing (Conductor Dia. 38.16 mm)
¾ Octagonal ACSR Moose (Conductor Dia. 31.77 mm)
¾ Octagonal ACSR Bersimis (Conductor Dia. 35.05 mm)
¾ Octagonal ACSR Lapwing (Conductor Dia. 38.16 mm)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONFIGURATION FEATURES
¾ Basic Configuration : I – V – I ; Delta ¾ Air-gap / Live – metal Clearance Requirements Power Frequency Clearance : 2.3 m (under Maxm. Swing – 55 deg)
Switching Surge Clearance : 10 m (under stationary condition / Swing – 10 deg)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONFIGURATION FEATURES ¾ Insulation Requirements Total Required Creepage Distance : 21600 mm (18 mm/kV) Insulation / String length : 10 / 11 m Required Number of Insulators 320 kN : 55 Nos. (195 mm spacing, 390/400 mm creepage) 420 kN : 50 Nos. (205 mm spacing, 525 mm creepage)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONFIGURATION FEATURES ¾ Phase to Phase Spacing Minimum Electrical Requirement : 12 m Phase to Phase spacing based on Live-metal clearances : 27.5 - 30 m
¾ Ground Clearance Minimum Ground Clearance as per IE Rules : 16 m Ground Clearance proposed : 23 m (based on 10 kV/m electric field limit)
1200 kV Tower Configuration Configuration Considered: I V I – Delta 25 m 20 m 4° 16 m
10 m
55° 77m
10°
15 m
12 m
2.3 m
11 m
15 m
15 m Sag
GCL = 23 m
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONFIGURATION FEATURES ¾ Right of Way Requirements Minimum Horizontal Clearance as per IE Rules : 13 m Right of way Requirement : 100 m (based on 13 m clearance & maximum Swing – 55 deg)
Right of way Requirement based on Electric Field Limitation : 110 m (considering 2 kV/m electric field limit)
Distance from Centre Line (m ) 1200 kV TL
765 kV TL
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-1 0
-3 0 -2 0
-5 0 -4 0
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -6 0
Electric Field at 1.8m above ground (kV/m)
Lateral Distribution of Electric Field for 1200 kV & 765 kV Transmission Line
1200 kV Transmission Line Right of Way 25 m 20 m 4° 16 m
10 m
55° 77m
10°
15 m
12 m
2.3 m
55°
11 m
Minm. Clearance
15 m Sag
15 m
13 m GCL = 23 m
50 m
Right of Way = 100 m
35 m
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES Conductor Surface Gradients & Corona Onset Gradients for 1200 kV Line Alt
Conductor-bundle
Conductor Surface Corona On-set Gradient Gradient (kV/cm) (kV/cm) Mean
Max
Fair Weather
Foul Weather
1
Hexa Lapwing
14.76
17.84
20.73
14.64
2
Octa Moose
14.34
17.01
21.10
14.89
3
Octa Bersimis
13.02
15.70
20.89
14.75
4
Octa Lapwing
12.00
14.67
20.73
14.64
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)-Horizontal
15.77
18.33
20.89
14.75
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)- Delta
14.9
17.3
20.89
14.75
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES Radio Interference for 1200 kV Line Alt
Conductor-bundle
Radio Interference (dB/1uV/m) Max.
At 50m ROW
1
Hexa Lapwing
45.8
38.4
2
Octa Moose
39.1
31.6
3
Octa Bersimis
36.5
29.1
4
Octa Lapwing
34.8
27.4
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)-Horizontal
50.9
38.5 (at 42.5m)
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)- Delta
46.8
40.4 (at 32m)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES Audible Noise for 1200 kV Line Alt
Audible Noise (dBA) Audible Noise (dBA) –L5 level –L50 level
Conductor-bundle
Max
At 50m ROW
Max
At 50m ROW
1
Hexa Lapwing
64.6
62.0
62.5
59.8
2
Octa Moose
61.3
58.6
57.6
54.9
3
Octa Bersimis
60.3
57.6
55.9
53.2
4
Octa Lapwing
59.4
56.7
54.4
51.6
60.5
56.9 (at 42.5m)
57.8
54.2 (at 42.5m)
59.1
56.9 (at 32m)
55.9
53.7 (at 32m)
Quad Bersimis Horizontal
(765
kV)-
Quad Bersimis (765 kV)- Delta
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES Lateral Distribution of Radio Interference for 1200 kV Transmission Line
Acceptable Radio Interference levels : 40-45 dB/1uV/m
35
Octa Bersimis
30
Octa Moose
25
60
45
30
15
0
-1 5
-3 0
20 -6 0
Acceptable Audible Noise levels : 55 – 58 dBA
40
-4 5
Radio Interference (dB/1uV/m)
45
Distance from Centre Line (m )
Lateral Distribution of Audible Noise for 1200 kV Transmission Line
ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS
58 56
Octa Bersimis
54
Octa Moose
¾ Octagonal ACSR Moose
52
¾ Octagonal ACSR Bersimis Distance from Centre Line (m )
60
45
30
15
0
-1 5
-3 0
-4 5
50 -6 0
Audible Noise - L50 Wet (dBA)
60
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES Conductor Current Carrying Capacity & Thermal rating of 1200 kV Line Alt Conductor-bundle
Maxm. Conductor Temp.
Conductor Current Thermal Rating of kV Line carrying capacity 1200 (Amp) – Ambient (MVA) Temp. 45 deg C 75 deg C
85 deg C
75 deg C
85 deg C
1
Octa Moose
614
787
10209
13086
2
Octa Bersimis
710
917
11806
15248
Thermal Rating of 1200 kV Line : More than 10000 MVA Surge Impedance Loading of 1200 kV Line : Around 6000 MW
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF 1200 kV AC LINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA Nominal System Voltage
1200 kV
Maximum Voltage
1250 kV
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet)
2100 kV
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage
> 3000 kVp
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE Conductor-bundle
Octagonal ACSR Bersimis / Moose 457-600 mm spacing
ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES Power Frequency live-metal clearance
2.3 m (55 deg swing)
Switching surge clearance (1.75 pu)
10 m (Stationary/10 deg swing)
Phase to Phase Spacing Ground Clearance
27.5-30 m 23 m (10 kV/m elect field limit)
INSULATOR STRINGS For Suspension Towers (I – V – I)
I- Double Suspension, 300/320 kN (2x55), V – Single V, 420 kN (2x50)
For Tension Towers
Quad Tension, 320 kN (4x55)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN ¾ Preliminary Line Design Considerations Wind Zone – 4 (47 m/sec basic wind speed) Reliability Level – 2 (150 yr. return period loads) Ruling Span – 400 m Maxm. Wind Span – 400 m ; Maxm. Weight Span – 600 m
¾ Estimated Tower Weight Standard Suspension Tower : I-V-I Octa Bersimis : 53 MT Octa Moose : 50 MT ( Comparative 765 kV Suspension Tower Wt. : 23 MT)
¾ Estimated Transmission Line Cost : Rs. 30 – 33 million/km
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN 1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV 1200 kV Tower Size : Approx. 30% more than 765 kV
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN 1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV 1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV Power Flow Capacity - Thermal Rating
Thermal Rating (MVA)
14000
POWER FLOW CAPACITY
12000
12000 10000 8000
765 kV Line
6000
1200 kV Line
4000
3800
Thermal Rating : 3 Times
2000 0 1
SIL (MW)
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV Power Flow - Surge Impedance Loading 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
6000 765 kV Line 1200 kV Line
2000
1
SIL : 3 Times
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN 1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV 1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV Right of Way Requirement 120
RIGHT OF WAY
100
ROW (m)
100 80
64
765 kV Line
60
1200 kV Line
40 20
Right of Way Requirement : Approx. 55% more
0 1
ROW Utilization
Power Flow- SIL per unit ROW (MW/m)
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV Right of Way Utilization 80
60
60 40
765 kV Line 30
1200 kV Line
20 0 1
Power Flow per Unit ROW : 2 Times
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN 1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV LINE COST
Estimated Line Cost (Rs million/km)
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV Capital Line Cost 50 40
33
30 20
765 kV Line
Capital Line Cost : 2 – 2.2 Times
1200 kV Line
15
10 0 1
COST EFFECTIVENESS
Line Cost per unit Power Flow - SIL (Rs/km-MW)
1200 kV vis-à-vis 765 kV Cost Effectiveness 9000 8000
7500 765 kV Line
7000 5500
6000 5000 4000 1
1200 kV Line
Line Cost per Unit Power Flow : Approx. 70 %
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - Detailed Studies ¾ Detailed Studies to be undertaken in respect of following Reliability considerations Air-Gap Optimization Insulation Co-ordination Switching Surge Control Capital cost & line optimization Right of Way reduction measures Alternate insulation systems Low noise conductor Asymmetrical conductor-bundle Expandable (variable) conductor-bundle
THANK YOU
EVOLUTION OF INDIAN TRANSMISSION GRID
TRANSMISSION GRID AT THE TIME OF INDEPENDENCE DELHI
KOLKATA
• Installed Capacity : 1349 MW • Local Grid Feeding to Local Load
MUMBAI
• No State/ Regional Grid CHENNAI
TRANSMISSION GRID DEVELOPMENT OVER THE YEARS • 1960s - State Grids • 1970s - Regional Grids • 2000 - Limited Inter- Regional Capacity
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS • Late 1970s - First 400 kV Lines • 1980s onward – Standardized 400 kV Lines (twin bundle) • Late 1980s-1990 – First 500 kV HVDC Line • Late 1990s-2000 – First 765 kV Lines • Triple Bundle 400 kV Lines
400 kV Twin Bundle Transmission Lines
+/- 500 kV HVDC Transmission Line
400 kV Triple Bundle Transmission Line
765 kV S/C Transmission Line (Horizontal Configuration)
POWER MAP OF INDIA
NATIONAL GRID BY 2007 • Peak Demand : 1,00,000 MW • Installed Capacity : 1,40,000MW • Inter Regional Capacity : 18,400MW • Power Mainly Flows on 400kV Network • 765 kV UHVAC Line in operation
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS • 765 kV Delta Configuration Lines • 400 kV Quad Bundle Lines • 400 kV Multi-circuit Lines • 400 kV Pole Structures
400 kV D/C Pole Structure 765 kV S/C Transmission Line (Delta Configuration)
400 kV Multi-circuit Transmission Line
INDIAN TRANSMISSION GRID – FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
POWER MAP OF INDIA
NATIONAL GRID BY 2012 • Peak Demand : 1,57,000 MW (1.5 times of 2007) • Installed Capacity : 2,12,000MW (1.5 times of 2007) • Power from ER/NER to NR/WR/SR : 20,000-25,000 MW (4 times of 2007) • Inter Regional Capacity : More than 40,000MW (2.5 times of 2012) • Strong 765kV EHVAC Network with backup 400kV Network
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS • +/- 800 kV 6000 MW HVDC
+/- 800 KV HVDC TRANSMISSION LINE TOWER
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - Calculations ¾ Power Frequency Clearance Minm. Air-gap , L = Sqrt(2/3)*1200*1.1/(500*0.95) = 2.3 m Basis : 500 kV/m – Discharge gradient of air gap 1.1 – factor for decrease in strength of total v/s single gap 0.95 – air density correction factor (assumed)
¾ Switching Surge Clearance CFO = 1.32*1.75*sqrt(2/3)*1200 = 2263 kV Basis : Switching surge S2 = 1.75pu, σs = 10% , σ = 5% Switching surge flashover rate : 1 per 1000 R = CFO/S2 = 1.32 (From EPRI)
Air-gap , D = 10 m Basis : EPRI Formula CFO = 1.2 * 3400 / (1 + 8/D)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - Calculations ¾ Minimum Ground Clearance as per IE Rules Ground Clearance = 5.2 + 0.3 * (1200 – 33)/33 = 16 m
¾ Minimum Horizontal Clearance as per IE Rules Ground Clearance = 2.0 + 0.3 * (1200 – 33)/33 = 13 m
¾ Corona On-set Gradients Ec = 21 * m *б * (1 + 0.3 /sqrt(б* r)) kV/cm Basis : б = Air density = 0.95 r = conductor radius in cm m = surface roughness factor =0.85 for fair weather = 0.6 for foul weather
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES CONDUCTOR PARAMETERS Parameters
ACSR Moose
ACSR Bersimis
ACSR Lapwing
Stranding
54/3.53mm Al +7/3.53mm St
42/4.57mm Al +7/2.54mm St
45/4.77mm Al +7/3.18mm St
Conductor Dia (mm)
31.77
35.05
38.16
Weight (kg/m)
2.004
2.181
2.667
161
154
188
0.05552
0.0418
0.036
UTS (kN) Rdc @ 20 deg C (ohm/km)
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF +/- 800 kV HVDC LINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA System Voltage
+/- 800 kV DC
Maximum Voltage
820 kV
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet)
1850 kV
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage
2250 kVpeak
Minm. Corona Extinction Voltage (Dry)
880 kV
RIV at 1 MHz for 22 kV/cm conductor surface gradient (under dry condition)
1000 uV
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE Conductor-bundle
Hexa ACSR Lapwing 457 mm spacing ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES
Live-metal clearance
6.5 m
Pole to Pole Spacing
25-28 m
Ground Clearance
18-20 m (15 kV/m charge free elect field limit)
INSULATOR STRINGS For Suspension Towers (V – V)
Single V Suspension, 400/420 kN (2x61)
For Tension Towers
Quad Tension, 300/320 kN (4x61)
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF 765 KV S/C LINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA Nominal Voltage
765 kV
Maximum System Voltage
800 kV
Power Frequency Withstand Voltage (Wet)
830 kVrms
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet)
1550 kVrms
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage
2400 kVpeak
Minm. Corona Extinction Voltage (Dry) RIV at 1 MHz for 510 kVrms phase to earth
510 kVrms 1000 uV
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE Conductor-bundle
Quad ACSR Bersimis 457 mm spacing
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF 765 KV S/C LINE ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES Power Frequency live-metal clearance
1.3 m (55 deg swing)
Switching surge clearance (1.75 pu)
4.4 m (25 deg swing)
Air-gap/stationary live-metal clearance Phase to Phase Spacing
5.1 / 5.6 m 15 m 15 m (10 kV/m elect field limit)
Ground Clearance INSULATOR STRINGS For Suspension Towers (I – V – I)
I- Double Suspension, 120 kN (2x40) V – Single V, 210 kN (2x35)
For Tension Towers
Quad Tension, 210 kN (4x35)
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF +/- 500 kV HVDC LINES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DATA System Voltage
+/- 500 kV DC
Maximum Voltage
525 kV
Power Frequency Withstand Voltage (Wet)
700 kV
Switching Impulse Withstand Voltage (Wet)
1000 kV
Lightning Impulse Withstand Voltage
1800 kVpeak
Minm. Corona Extinction Voltage (Dry)
550 kV
RIV at 1 MHz for 22 kV/cm conductor surface gradient (under dry condition)
1000 uV
CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE Conductor-bundle
Quad ACSR Bersimis Quad ACSR Lapwing 457 mm spacing
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS TECHNICAL PARTICULARS OF +/- 500 KV HVDC LINES ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES Live-metal clearance
3.75 m
Pole to Pole Spacing
12.5 – 13.5 m 12.5 m (10 kV/m charge free elect field limit)
Ground Clearance
INSULATOR STRINGS For Suspension Towers (V – V)
Single V Suspension, 160/210 kN (2x38/41)
For Tension Towers
Quad Tension, 160/210 kN (4x38/41)
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - Variations in TL Parameters w.r.t. Sub-conductor Spacing
Inductive/Capacitive Reactance
1200 kV Transmission Line Parameters - Variation w.r.t. Sub-conductor Spacing 0.3 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18
XL (Ohms/km) XC (Ohms-km)
300
450
600
750
900
Sub-conductor Spacing (m m )
300
8000
275
7000
250
6000
225
5000
200
4000 300
450
600
750
900
Sub-conductor Spacing (mm)
Surge Impedance Loading (MW)
Surge Impedance (Ohms)
1200 kV Transmission Line Parameters - Variations w.r.t. Sub-conductor Spacing
SI SIL
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN - CONDUCTOR-BUNDLE STUDIES CONDUCTOR – BUNDLES ADOPTED IN OTHER COUNTRIES FOR 1000 - 1200 KV LINES System Voltage
Conductor-Bundle Adopted
ITALY
1000 kV
Octagonal 31.5 mm ACSR
JAPAN
1000 kV
Octagonal 36.4 / 34.2 mm ACSR
USA (BPA)
1200 kV
Octagonal 42.4 mm
USSR
1200 kV
Octagonal 24.1 mm
Country
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS Comparative Line Cost Cost as per FR
Quad ACSR Bersimis
Octa ACSR Bersimis
765 kV S/C line
per km cost (765 kV)
per km costestimated
per km costestimated
(Rs lacs)
(Rs lacs/km)
(Rs lacs/km)
(Rs lacs/km)
Factor
Octa ACSR Moose
Factor
325 kms Tower Steel
15833
48.72
112.26
2.30
106.88
2.19
Conductor
15007
46.18
92.35
2.00
84.70
1.83
Earthwire
194
0.60
0.60
1.00
0.60
1.00
Insulator
2390
7.35
23.11
3.14
23.11
3.14
Hardware Fittings
1270
3.91
7.82
2.00
7.82
2.00
Conductor & E/W Acc
500
1.54
3.08
2.00
3.08
2.00
Sub-total Supply
35194
108.29
239.21
226.18
F&I & Taxes
4526
13.93
30.76
29.09
TRANSMISSION LINE DEVELOPMENTS Comparative Line Cost Cost as per FR
Quad ACSR Bersimis
Octa ACSR Bersimis
765 kV S/C line
per km cost (765 kV)
per km costestimated
per km costestimated
(Rs lacs)
(Rs lacs/km)
(Rs lacs/km)
(Rs lacs/km)
Factor
Octa ACSR Moose
Factor
325 kms Erection
1564
4.81
11.09
2.30
10.56
2.19
Stringing
1071
3.30
6.59
2.00
6.59
2.00
Civil works
5321
16.37
37.73
2.30
35.92
2.19
River X-ing
473
1.46
3.35
2.30
3.19
2.19
Total Cost
48149
148.15
328.74
2.22
311.53
2.10
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN 1200 KV VIS-A-VIS 765 KV 1200 KV S/C LINE
765 KV S/C LINE COMPARISON
POWER FLOW CAPACITY – THERMAL RATING Approx. 12000 MVA
Approx. 3800 MVA
Approx. 3 times
POWER FLOW – SURGE IMPEDANCE LOADING Approx. 6000 MVA
Approx. 2000 MVA
Approx. 3 times
RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) REQUIREMENT 100 m
64 m
Approx. 55 % more
CAPITAL LINE COST Approx. Rs. 30-33 million per km
Approx. Rs. 15 million per km
Approx. 2 – 2.2 times
1200 KV TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN 1200 KV VIS-A-VIS 765 KV 1200 KV S/C LINE
765 KV S/C LINE
COMPARISON
RIGHT OF WAY UTILIZATION Normal Power Flow per Unit ROW Approx. 60 MVA Approx. 30 MVA Approx. 2 times per m per m COST EFFECTIVENESS Line Cost per Unit Power Flow Approx. Rs. 50005500 per km per MVA
Approx. Rs. 7500 per km per MVA
Approx. 70 %
GROWTH OF POWERGRID 60,000
Circuit Kms & Transformation Capacity
50,000
44836
46245
4000
55100 54400
46461 47757
3000
40289
40,000
MVA
CKMs
30,000
27244 22228
35119
Turnover Net Profit
Turnover & Profit
3500
49459 50745
2805
Rs. in Crore
2000
28820
22748
2831
2533
2500
34288
3554
1770
1500
20,000
983
1000
12,201
10,000
643
748
786
1998-99 2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
634
500
444
275
236
1009
0
0 1992-93
1995-96
1998-99
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
1992-93
2005-06
1995-96
2005-06
Growth achieved through Internal resources & Borrowings
Growth in last 13 years ¾Transformation Capacity ¾Circuit Kilometer ¾Asset Growth POWERGRID ¾Turnover ¾Profit ¾Manpower
19876
21930
24888
13877
15000 8851
10000 3521
5492
No. of Employees ----->
Asset Base
Rs. in Crore
20000
5000
345 % 148 % 606 % 460 % 328 % 15 %
7200
30000 25000
-
Manpower
7000
6923 6811
6800
7103 6828
6881
6624
6600 6400 6200
6167
6000 5800
0 1992- 1995- 1998- 2001- 2002- 2004- 200593 96 99 02 03 05 06
5600
Transferred Manpower
1995-96 1998-99 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Year ---->
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