12 Ensemble Medium

 

THE ENSEMBLE MEDIUM BY: AEMAR APOSTOL ANIELYN UNTALAN CARLA ANN TONGIO RENALYN TAMPUS HR7D

 

ENSEMBLE MEDIUM •

is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music, typically known by a distinct name. name. In classical music, trios or  or quartets quartets either blend the sounds of musical of  musical instrument families (such as piano,strings piano,strings,, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, family, such as string ensembles or  or wind wind ensembles. ensembles. In jazz ensembles, ensembles, the instruments typically include wind instruments (one or more saxophones, trumpets, tr umpets, etc.), one or two chordal "comping" instruments instr uments (electric guitar, guitar, piano, organ), ), bass), abass aba ss inst in strum rumen entt (electric bass guitar or organ or  or  or double bass double ), and a drummer or percussionist. ensembles, usually called rock bands, bands, there In rock ensembles, are usually guitars and keyboards keyboards (piano, electric electric   piano,, Hammond organ piano organ,, synthesizer, etc.) and a rhythm ythm   section made up of a bass guitar and drum kit.

 

ENSEMBLE MEDIUM

 

ORCHESTRA •

is a large instrumental ensemble that contains sections of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments. orchestr The term from the Greek ορχ στρ derives , the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek  Greek  stage reserved for theG theGre ree ek choru rus s. The

orchestra grew bycenturies, accretion but throughout the 18th and 19th changed very little in composition during the course of the 20th century.

 

ORCHESTRA

 

Symphony Orchestra or Philharmonic Philhar monic Orchestra Orchestra •

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Its a full-size orchestra (about 100 players). these modifiers do not necessarily indicate any strict difference in either the instrumental constitution role of the orchestra, but can be useful toordistinguish different ensembles based in the same city (for instance, the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Philharmonic Orchestra). Orchestra). A symphony orchestra will usually have over over eighty musicians on its roster, in some cases over a hundred, but the actual number of musicians employ employed ed in a particular performance may vary according to the work being played and the size of the venue.

 

SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA OR PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA

 

CONCERTO •

(from the Italian Italian:: conc concert erto o, plura plurall conc concert ertii or, or, ofte often, n, the anglicised form conc concerto ertos) s) is is a musical musical    compositionusually composition usually composed in three parts parts or movements movements,, in which (usually) one solo instrument (for instance, a piano piano,, violin violin,, cello or orflute flute)) is accompanied by an orchestra orchestra.. The etymology is uncertain, but the word seems to have have originated from the conjunction of the two Latin words conserere(m conserere(meani eaning ng to tie, to join, to weave weave)) and certamen certamen (compe (competit tition ion,, fight): fight): the the idea idea is that that the two parts in a concerto, the soloist and the orchestra, or chestra, alternate episodes of opposition, cooperation, cooperation, and independence in the creation of the music flow.

CHAMBER ORCHESTRA •

Is a smaller-sized orchestra orchestra for this time period (of about fifty players or fewer) .

 

CONCERTO

 

CHAMBER ORCHESTRA

 

CONDUCTING •

In orchestra, it is the art of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. The primary duties of the conductor aretempo, to unify performers, performer s, set the e execute xecute clear preparations and beats, and to listen critically and shape the sound of the ensemble. Orchestras, Orchestras , choirs choirs,, concert concert    bands and other musical musical    ensembles often have conductors. conductors.

 

STRING ORCHESTRA •

is an orchestra composed solely or primarily of instruments from the string family. family. These instruments are the violin violin,, the viola viola,, the cello cello,, the double bass (sometimes considered an anomaly because its resemblance to theviol the viol family), theofpiano piano, , the harp harp,, and sometimes percussion percussion.. String orchestras can be of chamber orch orchestra estra size ranging from between 12 (4.3.2.2.1 = 12) and 21 musicians (6.5.4.4.2 = 21) sometimes performing without a conductor conductor,, or consist of the entire string section of a large symphony orchestra which could have 60 musicians (16.14.12.10.8 = 60; Gurre-Lieder Gurre-Liedercalls calls for 84: 20.20.16.16.12).

 

STRING ORCHESTRA

 

Famous Persons known in String Orchestra: •

Antonio Stradivari (1644 18 December 1737) was an Italian luthier and a crafter of string instruments such as violins violins,, cellos cellos,,guitars guitars,, violas violas,, and harps harps.. Stradivari is generally considered the most significant and greatest artisan in this field. The Latinized Latinizedform form of his surname,  tr div rius , as well as the colloquial, Strad , is often used to refer to his instruments. It is estimated tha estimated thatt he made 1,000 to 1,100 instrumen instruments ts and tha thatt around 650 of these ins instruments truments hav have e survivedinc survivedincluding luding 45 450 0 to 512[violins violins..

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Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, M enuhin, OM OM,, KBE (22 April 1916 12 March 1999) was an American violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in the United Kingdom. Kingdom. He was born to Russian Jewish parents in the United States, but became a citizen of Switzerland in 1970, and of of the the greatest United Kingdom inof 1985. He is often considered to be one violinists the 20th century. At the age of four he started learning violin and was already a brilliant player by the age of seven.

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Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 January 5, 1979) was a highlyinfluential American jazz double bassist, bassist, composer composer,, bandleader, and civil rights activist. He prefers to stand playing double bass. A string quartet consists of two violins, a up viola and athe cello.

 

PERCUSSION OF AN ORCHESTRA •

However, traditionally contains in addition many instruments that are not, strictly speaking, percussion, such as whistles and sirens sirens.. On the other hand, keyb keyboard oard instruments such as the celesta are not normally part of the percussion section, but keyboard key board percussion instruments (which do not have keyboards) are included.

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Person known in Percussion:

 

Ja James meswas Jimmy Jim my Blades Blades (9 Septem Septembe ber 1901 19 May 1999) an English percussionist. percussionist . r 1901 He was one of the most distinguished percussionists in Western music, with long and varied career. career. His book boo k Percu Percussi ssion on Instrum Instrument ents s and their their Hist History ory (1971) (1971) is a standard reference work wor k on the subject.

 

WIND ORCHESTRA •

in the Magic Flute, an opera by Mozart, you will hear a concert flute played to mimic the sound of panpipes as characterized by Papageno. A smaller concert is called the piccolo fl ute flute because piccolo flute means small in Italian. Y You ou can hear the piccolo in the “Nutcracker Suite”, a composition composi tion by Peter T Tchaivosky. chaivosky. French composer Rav Ravel el by arranged music, Pictur Pictures es atMaurice an Exhibi Exhibition tion Mo Modest deste e Murr Murrogsky ogsky for an orchestra, he chose tuba to represent the sound of the ox cart.

 

Person known in Wind Orchestra: •

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Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky , was a Russian composer whose works included symphonies symphonies,, concertos concertos,, operas operas,, ballets ballets,, and chamber music. music. Some of these are among the most popular concert and theatrical music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, which he bolstered with appearances as a guest conductor later in his career in Europe and the United States. States. Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev 23 Ap Apri rill 189 1891 1   5 March 1953) was a Russian composer composer,, pianist and conductor who mastered numerous musical genres and is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century. His best-known works include the March from The Love for Three Oranges, Oranges , the suite Lieutenant Kijé, Kijé, the ballet Romeo and Juliet   from which Dance of the Knights  Knights  is taken and Peter and the  the  Wolf. Besides many other works, Prokofiev also composed  Wolf. composed  five piano concertos, concertos, nine completed piano sonatas and

seven symphonies symphonies..  

Jazz

is a musical style that originated at the beginning of

the 20th century in black communities in the Southern United  United  States.. States

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It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. Its African pedigree is evident in its use of blue blue    notes,,improvisation notes improvisation,, polyrhythms polyrhythms,, syncopation and the swung swung    note.. From its early dev note developm elopment ent unti untill the present day jaz jazz z ha has s also incorporated music from American popular music. music. As the music has developed and spread around the world it has drawn on many different national, regional and local musical cultures giving rise, since its early 20th century American beginnings, to many distinctive styles: New Orleans jazz dating from the early 1910s, big band swing swing,, Kansas City jazz and Gypsy Gypsy    jazz from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s and and on down through West Coast jazz, jazz, cool jazz, jazz, avant-garde jazz, jazz, AfroCuban jazz, jazz, modal jazz, jazz, free jazz, jazz, Latin jazz in various forms,soul forms,soul jazz,, jazz fusion and jazz rock, jazz rock, smooth jazz, jazz, jazz-funk jazz-funk,, punk jazz, jazz, acid acid    jazz,, ethno jazz, jazz jazz, jazz rap, rap, cyber jazz, jazz, Indo jazz, jazz, M-Base M-Base,, nu jazz, jazz, urban urban    jazz and other ways of playing the music. In a 1988 interview, J.J. Johnson said, Jazz is restless. It won't stay put andtrombonist it never will

 

JAZZ

 

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Rock Concer Concer t refers to a musical performance in the style of any one of "rock and roll roll" " music music.. While a many genres inspired by "rock variety of vocal and instrumental styles can constitute a rock concert, this phenomenon is typically characterized by bandspla bandsplayin ying g at least least one electric  electric  guitar , an electric bass guitar , and drums drums.. Often, two two guitar players share the tasks of rhythm of  rhythm and lead  lead  guitar playing. guitar  playing. Rock concerts also have a social history which informs perception of the linguistic termgreatly and the activitythe itself.

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During the 1950s, several several American musical groups experimented experiment ed with new musical forms that music,, blues, blues, andswing andswing genre to fused country music produce the earliest examples of "rock and roll." The coining of the phrase, "rock and roll," is often Freed,, a disk jockey and concert attributed to Alan Freed promoter who organized many of the first major rock concerts. Since then, the rock concert has become a staple of entertainment not only in the United States, but around the world.

 

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Bill Graham

is widely credited with setting the format and standards for modern rock concerts. He introduced advanced ticketing (and later computerized, online tickets), introduced modern security measures (a reaction to the deaths at the Altamont concert) and had clean toilets and safe conditions in large venues.

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Rock concerts are often associated with certain kinds of behavior behavior.. Dancing Dancing,, shouting, singing along with the band, and ostentatious displays by the musicians are common, though some very successful rock bands have avoided avoided gratuitous flash in favor of understated performances focusing on the music itself. Even so, rock concerts often have a playful atmosphere both for the band and the audience.

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Like rock music in general, rock concerts are emblematic of American culture's waning formality. Such concerts were crucial to the formation of youth identity in the U.S. during a time of social revolution, and have continued to represent elements of society frequently seen as rebellious, especially against the strictures of mid-twentieth-century social normativities. One of the most wellknown rock concerts was undoubtedly Woodstock Woodstock,, and millions of much smaller rock concerts go on every year.

 

APPRECIATION TO ORCHESTRA •

When listening to an orchestra, the listener should not concentrate only in one section or an individual indiv idual player player.. He should realize that the melodic line passes from one section to another; hence he must be alert to follow its peregrination. The conductor on the other hand, must give his primary attention to the holds the melodic line, andsection shouldthat not confine him only to necessary gestures-this is avoid unnecessary distracting the listener.