11 LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction

Security Level:

LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Huawei Confidential

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 2

Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Main Steps Dimensioning

Preplanning

Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Service Requirement Outputs: eNodeB coverage radius and site numbers based on capacity calculation

Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital

Detailed Planning

map and subscriber distribution information

Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers

Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters

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Page 3

Detail LTE Radio Network Planning Preparation

Agreement achieved by the operator and Huawei

n Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban ) n Quality objective (QoS criteria) n Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model) n Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)

Huawei deliver nBackground Interference Test (optional) n Propagation model tuning (optional)

n Site location/ RF parameters configurations n Search ring specifications n prediction & Simulation n Cluster definition for project management

Detailed Planning

n Link budget n Capacity dimensioning n Site numbers/configuration n Cell radius in each morphology n Network development solution

Nominal Planning

n Site survey/candidate site search n Neighbor cell configuration nCell parameters configuration n Algorithm configuration

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The output of dimensioning is important criteria to assess RNP solution

The operator provides: Naming conventions Existing sites information

Network Deployment

Page 4

LTE RNP Output Overview Input

Output Site Type

Coverage Requirement -- Coverage Area -- Polygon Definition

Power/Channel

-- Cell Edge Throughput -- Coverage Probability …

eNodeB Number

Capacity Requirement Active Users

-- Frequency bandwidth -- Subscriber forecast -- Traffic Model …

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S1&X2 Throughput

Huawei Confidential

Page 5

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 6

LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow Start Coverage Requirement

Link Budget Cell Radius

Capacity Requirement

Capacity Dimensioning

Satisfy Capacity Requirement?

No

Adjust eNodeB Number

Yes Active User/S1&X2 Dimensioning eNodeB Amount&Configuration End

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Page 7

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 8

LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow n Aim of coverage dimensioning - to obtain the cell radius - to estimate eNodeB number for coverage requirement Start Link Budget Propagation Model

Cell Radius eNodeB Coverage Area

Total Coverage Area/ eNodeB Coverage Area

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Page 9

LTE Link Budget Procedure – Uplink Tx Power

Other Gain

Slow fading margin

UE Antenna Gain

Gain Margin

Interference margin

Loss

Body Loss

Penetration Loss

Power level

Max. Allowed Path Loss

EIRP

Path Loss Cable Loss BTS Ant Gain

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Page 10

Rx Sensitivity

LTE Link Budget Procedure – Downlink

Other Gain

Gain

Slow fading margin

Margin Cable Loss

Loss

Interference margin BTS Ant Gain

EIRP Power level

Max. Allowed Path Loss

Tx Power

Objective: Max. Path Loss

Allowed Path Loss

Penetration Loss

Body Loss

UE Ant Gain

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Page 11

Rx Sensitivity

Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE Downlink Cell Edge Throughput Comparison

Cell Edge Throughput(kbps)

8000

n

LTE 2.6G has much better coverage in DL than HSPA+ 2.1G; But HSPA+ 2.1G has better coverage in UL than LTE 2.6G.

n

LTE can reuse existing 3G sites, no additional LTE alone sites are required at the beginning of LTE deployment.

7056

7000 6000 5000 3634

4000 2690

3000

2528 1397

2000 1000

256

643

512

1024

Uplink Cell Radius Comparison

HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 LTE2.6G@5MHz

0.56(km)

0.7

0.36(km)

Cell Radius

0.67 0.59

0.6

Cell Radius(km)

LTE2.6G@20MHz

0.90(km)

0.5

0.49

0.46 0.46

0.41 0.41 0.35 0.35

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 LTE2.6G@5MHz LTE2.6G@20MHz

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128kbps

256kbps

Cell Edge Throughput

Page 12

512kbps

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 13

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow Start Configuration Analysis

Cell Average Throughput Calculation

Traffic Model Analysis

Subscribers Supported per Cell eNodeB Number (initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)

Total Subscribers

Satisfy Capacity Requirement?

No

Yes eNodeB Number

End

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Page 14

Adjust eNodeB Number

LTE Cell Average Throughput Calculation Input

Output

Scenario Parameters

－ Morphology － Sectorization － Bandwidth …

MC Parameters － snapshot numbers － Schedule Strategy …

Cell Parameters

Cell Average Throughput

MonteCarlo Simulation

－ Carrier Frequency － Carrier power …

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Page 15

LTE Cell Average Throughput n LTE 2600MHz Cell Average Throughput with different bandwidth Frequency

Bandwidth

5MHz

10MHz 2600MHz 15MHz

20MHz

Scenario

Cell Average Throughput Peak Throughput（Multi-users） DL(Mbps)

UL(Mbps)

DL(Mbps)

UL(Mbps)

Urban

8.173

4.715

43

39

Suburban

6.266

3.342

43

39

Urban

16.918

9.761

86

55

Suburban

12.971

6.918

86

55

Urban

25.546

14.739

129

126

Suburban

19.587

10.446

129

126

Urban

34.344

19.814

172

165

Suburban

26.332

14.044

172

165

n Capacity comparison with different frequency band LTE Cell Average Throughput (Urban) Frequency Band (MHz)

Bandwidth (MHz)

DL (Mbps)

UL (Mbps)

2600

20

34.344

19.814

1800

20

34.719

21.675

800

20

35.218

24.704

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Page 16

Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 HSUPA 10ms

HSUPA 2ms

HSUPA 16QAM

LTE 5 MHz

LTE 10MHz

LTE 20MHz

DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps) LTE 20MHz 35.00 30.00 25.00 HSPA+ (64QAM)

20.00 15.00 10.00

HSPA (16QAM)

HSPA+ (MIMO+64QAM) HSPA+ (MIMO)

LTE 10MHz

HSPA+ (DC+64QAM)

HSPA+ (DC+16QAM)

LTE 5MHz

5.00 0.00

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Page 17

Traffic Model Analysis UL Traffic Parameters

DL

Bearer Rate (Kbps)

PPP Session Time(s)

PPP Session Duty Ratio

BLER

Bearer Rate (Kbps)

PPP Session Time(s)

PPP Session Duty Ratio

BLER

VoIP

26.90

108

0.6

1%

26.90

108

0.6

1%

Video Phone

62.53

36

1

1%

62.53

36

1

1%

Video Conference

62.53

1800

1

1%

62.53

1800

1

1%

IMS Signalling

15.63

7

0.2

1%

15.63

7

0.2

1%

Web Browsing

62.53

1800

0.05

1%

250.11

1800

0.05

1%

File Transfer

140.69

600

1

1%

750.34

600

1

1%

P2P file sharing

250.11

1200

1

1%

750.34

1200

1

1%

User Behavior

Traffic Penetration Ratio

BHSA

Video Conference

0.00%

IMS Signalling

Busy Hour Throughput Per User (bps) UL

DL

0.2

6316

6316

0.00%

5

31

31

Web Browsing

100.00%

0.4

632

2526

File Transfer

20.00%

0.2

4737

25264

Email

10.00%

0.2

395

632

P2P file sharing

20.00%

0.4

33685

101055

-

-

8355

27853

Total

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Page 18

Traffic Model Comparison b/w LTE and UMTS Standard UMTS Traffic Model

Standard LTE Traffic Model

Service type

Unit

UL Throughput

DL Throughput

Unit

Value

Voice

Erl/BH

0.0400

0.0400

VOIP

mErl/BH

40

CS64

Erl/BH

0.000320

0.000320

Video Phone

mErl/BH

10

PS64

Kbit/BH

460.80

69.12

Other PS Traffic

Kbps

50

PS128

Kbit/BH

0.00

1105.92

Total UL Traffic

Kbps

11.27

PS384

Kbit/BH

0.00

207.36

Total DL Traffic

Kbps

41.27

CS over HSPA

Erl/BH

0.0000

0.0000

VoIP over HSPA

Erl/BH

0.0000

0.0000

HSPA

Kbit/BH

5299.20

15897.60

n UMTS traffic model is much more complex than that of LTE because there are many

kinds of CS and PS services in UMTS. n There are only PS services (even VOIP and Video Phone) in LTE so that LTE traffic model can be very simple;

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Page 19

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Case Study Step 1

DL Cell Average Capacity

a 34.344Mbps/cell

Step 2

Designed DL Cell Loading

b 50% Cell loading assumed

Step 3

Designed DL Cell Capacity

c = a x b =17.127Mpbs

Step 4

Peak to Average Ratio

Step 5

Average DL BH Throughput/sub.

e 20kbps

Step 6

Sector number per site

f 3 sectors

Step 7

Subscribers supported in a site

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Assumptions: • S111 • 20MHz • 20kbps per user in DL • Peak to Average Ratio 20% in BH

d 20%

g = c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers

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Page 20

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 21

Active User Dimensioning Active User Definition §

Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC connection with the network

§

Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license

PPP Session Data call (session) WWW

Data call (session) WWW

•

BHCA: Busy Hour Session Attempt

•

PPP Time: Duration of PPP Session

•

Ratio of RRC to PPP: Percentage of RRC during one PPP session

•

Number of User: Number of users using service i

time RRC_Connected (Active User)

RRC

RRC1

RRC2

RRC3 RRC_Idle

Packets

time

Packet2 Packet1

Packet3

time

Number _ ActiveUser _ i = BHSA * PPP _ Session _ Time * RatRrcToPPP * Number _ User / 3600 Total _ Number _ ActiveUser = ∑ Number _ ActiveUser _ i * Percentage _ Service _ i i

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Active User Dimensioning Case Study User Parameter

scene

Dense Urban

Urban

DL

UL

Percenta ge

RatRrcT oPPP

RatPack ToRrc

Ave data rate in packet( kbps)

RatRrcT oPPP

RatPack ToRrc

Ave data rate in packet(k bps)

UE Type

BHCA

PPPTime (s)

Handset

1.4

300

70%

1

0.4

128

1

0.4

128

Data Card

2.5

300

20%

0.8

0.8

500

0.8

0.5

100

Wireless DSL

1

2400

10%

0.9

0.8

300

0.9

0.3

100

Handset

1.3

80

50%

1

0.4

50

1

0.4

50

Data Card

2

300

30%

0.8

0.8

220

0.4

0.8

100

Wireless DSL

0.8

1800

20%

0.6

0.7

300

0.3

0.7

100

Dense Urban Parameter Throughput/User/BH (kbps)

Urban

DL

UL

DL

UL

31.9

7.6

17.4

3.6

number of subscribers in one Site

398

800

Num Active User

70

82

0.18

0.10

Active Ratio Ave data rate /Active User (kbps)

181.5

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169.8

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=Min (Total number of Subscribers / Total number of eNodeBs, maximum subscribers supported considering traffic requirement)

34.8

Page 23

Active User Dimensioning Case Study User Behavior

Traffic Penetration Ratio

BHSA

PPP Session Time(s)

RatRrcToP PP

Active Time

VoIP

100.00%

1

108

1

108.00

Video Phone

100.00%

1

36

1

36.00

Video Conference

0.00%

0.2

1800

1

0.00

Real Time Gaming

0.00%

0.2

1800

0.8

0.00

Streaming Media

0.00%

0.2

3600

0.8

0.00

IMS Signalling

0.00%

5

7

0.8

0.00

Web Browsing

100.00%

0.4

1800

0.8

576.00

File Transfer

20.00%

0.2

600

0.8

19.20

Email

10.00%

0.2

50

0.8

0.80

P2P File Sharing

20.00%

0.4

1200

0.8

76.80

Active Time per Subscriber

-

-

-

-

816.80

Active Factor per Subscriber

-

-

-

-

0.23

Max. Subscriber Number Supported per Site

-

-

-

-

860.00

Actual Subscriber Number per Site

-

-

-

-

135.00

Active User Number per Site

-

-

-

-

30.63

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Page 24

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning Coverage Dimensioning Capacity Dimensioning Active User Dimensioning S1&X2 Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 25

S1&X2 Interface of LTE 2G/3G: Legacy Architecture

LTE: Flat Architecture

MSC/SGSN/GGSN

BSC

BTS

BTS

RNC

NodeB

NodeB

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S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1) Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofUL UL== 1/(1+4) = 20%

Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofDL DL== 4/(1+4) = 80%

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1) Uplink and downlink busy hour data BH Data Data Traffic/Subs. Traffic/Subs. (UL) (UL) Data Traffic/Subs. (UL) ==Data Traffic of all QCI ** Data Traffic of all QCItype/Subs. type/Subs. = BH Data Traffic/Sub.*Traffic Ratio of UL Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofUL UL = 25kbps * 20% =5kbps

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traffic volume per subscriber is 25kbps

BH Data Data Traffic/Subs. Traffic/Subs. (DL) (DL) Data Traffic/Subs. (DL) ==Data Traffic of all QCI * Data Traffic of all QCItype/Subs. type/Subs. =BH Data Traffic/Subs.*Traffic Ratio *of DL Traffic TrafficRatio RatioofofDL DL = 25kbps * 80% = 20kbps

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2) Traffic data ratio for uplink and downlink is 1:4 3) Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.2 4) Number of subscribers per eNodeB

Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac layer = Data Traffic/Subs *ER = 5 * 1.37 = 6.85(UL)

is 1000 5) Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with

Traffic Peak Ratio = 1.2 T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. = 6.85*1.2 = 8.22kbps

tunnel mode is used for IP over Ethernet transmission 6) Assuming the packet size is 300

Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac layer = Data Traffic/Subs *ER = 20 * 1.37 = 27.4kbps(DL)

T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. = 27.4*1.2 = 32.88kbps

Subs/Site = 1000 T_UL_user plane/site = T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = 8.22 * 1000 = 8.22Mbps

T_DL_user plane/site = T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = 32.88 * 1000 = 32.88Mbps

bytes which means the ER is 1.37

T_Total_user plane/site = T_UL_user plane/site + T_DL_user plane/site = 8.22 + 32.88 = 41.1Mbps

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S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2) Control Plane T _ control plane = T _ Total _ user _ Plane / Site * 2 = 41.1* 2% = 0.82Mbps

S1 Bandwidth T _ S1 / Site = T _ control _ Plane / Site + T _ Total _ user _ plane / Site = 0.82 + 41.1 = 41.92 Mbps

X2 Bandwidth T _ X 2 / Site = T _ S1 / Site * 3% = 41.92 * 3% = 1.26Mbps

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Page 28

Comparison between Iub and S1 Bandwidth Iub Bandwidth Input Subscribers Subs per NodeB

Iub Dimensioning

S1 Bandwidth Output

Input

Iub Bandwidth

Uplink and downlink data Traffic per subs.

Voice Traffic VP Traffic

GoS Requirements

Output

CS Iub Bandwidth

PS Iub Bandwidth

CS Traffic

S1 User Plane Dimensioning

HSPA Iub Bandwidth

Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.

S1 user Plane Throughput

Extension Ratio (ER)

PS Traffic PS64 Throughput PS128 Throughput PS384 Throughput

Bandwidth for Traffic

Peak to Average Ratio

PS Retransmission

HSPA Traffic

Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.

Common Channel Bandwidth

Subscribers Per eNodeB

Signalling Bandwidth

Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Site

O&M Bandwidth

IubTotal = Max [ IubCS _ Peak , ( IubPS + IubCS _ Average + IubHSPA )] + IubSignalling + IubCCH + IubO& M

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S 1 = T _ user plane + T _ control plane = (1 + 2%) * T _ user plane

Page 29

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Page 30

LTE Co-location General Consideration Ø Co-existing Systems Interference Guard band & isolation requirement

Ø Installation Space Ø Tower Load Ø Impact on existing network Coverage performance, optimization

Ø Civil Work & Maintenance Ø Cost Reuse & replacing

Ø etc…

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Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna & Feeder Just taking wide-band for example

Single-band 2600 (K80010541)

Advantages ü No impact on the performance of existing network. ü Independent tilt and azimuth, independent network planning and optimization.

Disadvantages ü Require more installation space for both antenna and feeder. ü Require higher tower load. ü Too many antennas, causing vision pollution.

Recommendation ü The highest priority of 2G/3G

2G/3G

LTE 2600

consideration

Existing equipments

Existing 2G/3G

2G/3G + LTE

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Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna, Shared Feeder Advantages Single-band 2600 (K80010541)

ü Reusing existing feeder, no need additional space for new feeder. ü Independent tilt and azimuth, independent network planning and optimization.

Disadvantages ü Require more antenna installation Combiner is required.

space and higher tower load. ü Additional diplexer cost. ü Additional diplexer loss, negative impact on existing network ü Too many antennas, causing vision pollution.

Recommendation 2G/3G

ü Applicable to impossible 2G/3G

LTE

additional feeder Existing equipments

Existing 2G/3G

2G/3G + LTE

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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna, Separate Feeder Multi-band without interior combiner (K80010544/ K80010622)

Advantages ü No need additional space for new antenna . ü No or Small impact on performance of existing network.

Disadvantages ü Require more feeder installation space. ü Replacing new antenna. ü Independent tilt but same azimuth, partly independent network planning and optimization.

Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width and gain for least 2G/3G

2G/3G

LTE

negative impact on existing network. Existing equipments

Existing 2G/3G

2G/3G + LTE

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Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (1) Multi-band without interior combiner (K80010544/ K80010622)

Advantages ü No need additional space for new antenna and feeder. ü Reusing existing feeder.

Disadvantages ü Replacing new antenna. ü Independent tilt but same azimuth, partly independent network planning Combiner is required.

and optimization. ü Additional diplexer cost and loss, negative impact on existing network.

Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width for least negative impact on existing network. 2G/3G

ü RRU installed near the antenna. 2G/3G

LTE

ü Thicker feeder (optional). Existing equipments

Existing 2G/3G

2G/3G + LTE

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New equipments

Huawei Confidential Page 35

Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (2) Advantages Wide-band (K80010621)

ü No need additional space for new antenna and feeder. ü Reusing existing feeder.

Disadvantages ü Replacing new antenna or existing antenna is wide band. Combiner is required.

ü Same tilt & azimuth, impossible independent network planning and optimization. ü Additional diplexer cost and loss, negative impact on existing network.

Recommendation ü New antenna should keep same beam width for least negative impact on existing network. 2G/3G

2G/3G

LTE

ü It ‘s not recommended if other solution is applicable. Existing equipments

Existing 2G/3G

2G/3G + LTE

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New equipments

Huawei Confidential Page 36

Agenda 1

LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE RNP Dimensioning

3

LTE Co-location Solution

4

LTE Deployment Strategy

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Huawei Confidential

Page 37

LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy Throughput

High frequency for capacity enhancement Low frequency for nation wide coverage

Area

Urban/Hot Spot l l l

GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE2600, LTE1800

Suburban l l l

GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE1800

Rural/Remote l l l

GSM900, GSM1800 UMTS2100 LTE900

Initiate LTE 2600, refarm GL1800/900 from urban to rural

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Huawei Confidential

Page 38

LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy Shifting Voice Traffic to LTE

Shifting Voice Traffic to UMTS

Shifting DATA Traffic to LTE

Year X

Year X+1

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Year X+2 Huawei Confidential

Year X+3 Page 39

LTE Deployment Strategy Case Phase

Year X

Year Y

Year Z

Deployment Strategy

Description

Continuously cover Dense Urban area and some hotspots in Urban area such as CBD, malls, resorts, VIP area, Rich area and so on.

Number of Sites

a

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Extend to all Suburban area and Continuously cover all cities in Rural/Desert populated spots, as Urban area. Perform optimization well as highway to cover whole and introduce indoor DAS based country. Continue optimization on existing coverage area. and indoor DAS coverage.

b

Huawei Confidential

c

Page 40

Thank you www.huawei.com

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