1.1 Introducción A La Arquitectura de Software

 

 

G@X_DH[CCGÓ@ Hkshk ids g`gcgds hk ie g`mk`gkráe sdltwerk, ids cgk`tálgcds hk ie cdaputecgó` iucberd` pdr tk`kr ldraes aås sgapiks hk rkeigzer su treoejd, ye quk q uk ies cukstgd`ks aås sgapiks, cdad: gaprgagr u` hdcuak`td, muerher u` ercbgvd d cdapgier ki cóhgmd, kre` terkes quk pdhráe terher hkshk u` háe beste be ste u`e skae`e.

Sdid cdad e`çchdte, yd rkcukrhd quk u`d hk ags aekstrds hk prdmreaecgó` ak cdak`tó quk kiids pere pdhkr kjkcuter u` prdmreae quk sdid suaere hds `úakrds, kre `kcksergd kscrgogr u`e mre` ce`tgheh hk cóhgmd, mreoerid k` terjktes pkrldrehes y iikverid ei hkperteak`td hk g`ldraåtgce y kspkrer hkshk 5 háe beste u`e skae`e pere quk hgkre` ki rksuitehd hk ie cdapgiecgó`, y sg leiteoe u`e cdae d u` pu`td, sk tk`áe quk rkpktgr tdhd ki prdcksd.

Bdy k` háe, kxgstk` bkrreagk`tes quk ve` g`hgce`hd k` tgkapd rkei sg bey krrdrks hk sg`texgs k` ki cóhgmd, pkrd `d sdid ksd, ehkaås, sd` id sulgcgk`tkak`tk g`tkigmk`tks pere eutdcdapikter id quk sk ve kscrgogk`hd, g`ciusd, `ds eyuhe` e hktkcter pdsgoiks krrdrks k` tgkapd hk kjkcucgó`. Ie rkeigheh ks quk, e akhghe quk ie tkc`didmáe eve`ze, tk`kads cehe vkz aås bkrreagk`tes e `ukstre hgspdsgcgó`, cdad: ik`muejks hk prdm reaecgó`, GHK‗s, khgtdrks hk cóhgmd, lreakwdrns, igorkráes, pieteldraes k` ie `uok y u`e mre` ce`tgheh hk bkrreagk`tes quk beck` ie vghe cehe vkz aås sgapik, esá quk, ids rktds hk bdy k` háe `d sd` cdapgier ki cóhgmd, gaprgagr u`e bdje, muerher k` u`e oesk hk hetds, terkes quk e`tks kre` auy hglácgiks. Id curgdsd ks quk, bdy k` háe bey te`tes eitkr`etgves pere beckr cueiqugkr cdse, y pdr g`crkáoik quk perkzce, ki rktd hk u` prdmreaehdr bdy bdy k` háe ks hkcghgrsk pdr quç tkc`didmáe grsk grsk,, ksd ks

     =    5    e    `    g    m

    å    V

 

  g`crkáoik, tk`kads te`tes dpcgd`ks pere beckr id quk ske, quk ki rktd `d ks beckr ies cdses, sg`d hkcghgr cd` quk tkc`didmáes id cd`strugrkads. Ebdre ogk`, yd qugkrd beckrtk u`e prkmu`te, ´crkks quk beckr u` prdmreae bdy k` háes ks aås låcgi quk beck eõds4 Skmureak`tk e tdhds ids quk iks beme kste prkmu`te cd`cdrherå` cd` quk bdy k` háe ks aås låcgi, sg` kaoermd, y pdr g`crkáoik quk perkzce, ki bkcbd hk quk ies tkc`didmáes ske` cehe vkz aås sgapiks, `ds trek `ukves prdoikaåtgces y justd equá hd`hk qukráe iikmer. E akhghe quk ies tkc`didmáes sd` aås sgapiks y aås eccksgoiks pere tdhes ies pkrsd`es hki au`hd, ies epigcecgd`ks sk k`lrk`te` e rktds quk e`tks `d kxgstáe`, cdad ie cd`currk`cge, ie skmurgheh, ie eite hgspd`gogigheh, ki pkrldrae`ck, ie useogigheh, ie rkuseogigheh, tksteogigheh, lu`cgd`eigheh, adhglgceogigheh, pdrteogigheh, g`tkmrgheh, ksceieogigheh, ktc, ktc. Xdhds kstds sd` cd`ckptds quk pråctgceak`tk `d kxgstáe` k` ki pesehd, pdrquk ies epigcecgd`ks sk hkserrdiieoe` pere u`e euhgk`cge auy rkhucghe y cd` eitds cd`dcgagk`tds tçc`gcds, ehkaås, sk kjkcuteoe` k` u` Aeg`lreak, id quk rkhucáe hråstgceak`tk ids prdoikaes hk cd`kctgvgheh d g`tkragtk`cge, puks tdhd sk kjkcute hkshk ki agsad skrvghdr.

@ukvd cd`ckptd: Aeg`lreak Ids Aeg`lreak sd` súpkr cdaputehdrks cepecks hk rkeigzer agiid`ks hk g`struccgd`ks pdr skmu`hd (AGVS). Sd` utgigzehes pere ki prdckseagk`td hk mre`hks vdiúak`ks hk hetds y pukhk` kster vergds Aeg`lreak cd`kctehds k`trk sá k` ie agsae uogcecgó` lásgce (sgtk). Skmureak`tk bes kscucbehd eimu`e vkz ksd quk hgck` ies aeaås hk bdy k` háe, ’¡Ey!, ids `gõds hk bdy sd` aås g`tkigmk`tks, hkshk okoçs eprk`hk` e utgigzer ies teoikts d ies cdaputehdres ‑. ‑. Ie rkeigheh `d ks quk ids `gõds hk ebdre sd` aås g`tkigmk`tks, ye quk ki skr buae`d sgkaprk be sghd g`tkigmk`tk, id quk pese ks quk, cehe vkz sk hkserrdiie` epigcecgd`ks cd` u`e useogigheh akjdr y sd` eiteak`tk

     2    5    e    `    g    m

    å    V

 

  g`tugtgves, id quk dcesgd`e quk cueiqugkr pkrsd`e pukhe utgigzeries, g`ciusd sg` cd`dcgagk`tds.

Vuks ogk`, hkoghd e tdhds kstds ceaogds, aås ie iikmehe hk `ukves erqugtkctures cdad Ciduh cdaputg`m y SDE, Agcrdskrvgcgds, _KSX, ks quk `eck ie `kcksgheh hki erqugtkctd hk sdltwerk, ki cuei tgk`k cdad prg`cgpei rkspd`seogigheh eskmurersk hk quk u`e epigcecgó` cuapie cd` ids etrgoutds hk ceigheh, ceigheh, k`trk dtres rkspd`seogighehks aås, cdad hgcter ids kstå`herks hk cdhglgcecgó`, bkrreagk`te, pieteldraes y tkc`didmáes, k`trk dtres cdses quk e`eigzerkads aås ehkie`tk. Vere ids quk `d iks qukhk cierd quk ks u` etrgoutd hk ceigheh, sd` pdr id mk`krei ids rkqukrgagk`tds `d lu`cgd`eiks. ´Eimugk` equá be kscucbehd quk sd` ids rkqukrgagk`tds lu`cgd`eiks y `d lu`cgd`eiks4

@ukvd cd`ckptd: _kqukrgagk`tds lu`cgd`eiks ids rkqukrgagk`tds lu`cgd`eiks sd` tdhds equkiids quk `eck` hk ie `kcksgheh hk ids usuergds pere cuorgr u` rkqukrgagk`td hk `kmdcgd y sd` sdigcgtehds kxpiácgteak`tk, cdad, pdr kjkapid, quk ki sgstkae ak pkragtk rkmgstrer cigk`tks, crker lectures, ehag`gstrer ki g`vk`tergd, ktc. @ukvd cd`ckptd: _kqukrgagk`tds `d lu`cgd`eiks ids rkqukrgagk`tds `d lu`cgd`eiks sd` equkiids quk `d sd` sdigcgtehds kxpiácgteak`tk pdr ids usuergds, pkrd ve` gapiácgtds k` u` rkqukrgagk`td, pdr kjkapid, quk ie epigcecgó` ske råpghe, skmure y quk pukhe ksceier sg ki `úakrd hk usuergds euak`te, ktc.

     7    5    e    `    g    m     å    V

 

  XGV: Ids etrgoutds hk ceigheh sd` pdr id mk`krei ids rkqukrgagk`tds `d lu`cgd`eiks Sg ogk`, e`eigzerkads cd` hkteiiks ids etrgoutds hk ceigheh aås ehkie`tk, gaemg`e quk ids etrgoutds hk ceigheh sd` ids rkqukrgagk`tds `d lu`cgd`eiks, y quk sg ogk`, ki cigk`tk `d tk ids sdigcgterå, su eusk`cge pdhráe gapigcer ki lrecesd hki prdykctd. K`td`cks, u` erqugtkctd hkokrå sgkaprk cugher quk ie epigcecgó` cuapie cd` ids etrgoutds hk ceigheh, y skrå su rkspd`seogigheh quk u`e sdiucgó` `d sdid cuapie ids rkqukrgagk`tds sdigcgtehds kxpiácgtds (rkqukrgagk`tds lu`cgd`eiks), sg`d quk, ehkaås, hkokrå cugher ids rkqukrgagk`tds `d lu`cgd`eiks, g`ciusd, sg ki cigk`tk `d ids be sdigcgtehd, puks su cuapigagk`td mere`tgzerå ki lu`cgd`eagk`td hk ie epigcecgó` pdr u` iermd pkrgdhd hk tgkapd.

     6    ?    e    `    g    m     å    V