1.1 Dimensión de Tuberías

 

AM[VAVSVI VÁKMILIBAKI [SXC_AI_ FC DOD[ILI 4.4.4 (DM[A) ‛ Fa`cmsaûm fc tuocràds Xrcscmtd7 @dràd @crkcfcs @crk cfcs K Kd`dkni d`dkni V Virrcs irrcs ‛ D[4>448631

Xriecsir7 @dmucl Fdrài Ldbudfi Xldtd @dtcrad7 @äquamds Nafräulakds. Cmcrbàds _cmivdolcs [cxti sc`cstrc

y ecknd7  Dodsili, Bti., d ?2 fc Lubdr cmcri fcl ?8?4

 

Amtrifukkaûm Mir`d Smd mir`d cs um fiku`cmti cstdolckafi pir kimscmsi y dpriodfi pir um irbdmas`i rckimikafi quc pripirkaimd rcblds, pdutds i kdrdktcràstakds quc sc fcocm dfiptdr pdrd ld kirrcktd rcdlazdkaûm fc umd dkkaûm i fcsdrrilli fc umd dktavafdf.

 

Mir`ds DM[A Ld Mir`d DM[A sabmaeakd Amstatuti Mdkaimdl Cstdfiumafcmsc Cstämfdrcs (D`crakdm Mdtaimdl [tdmfdrfs Amstatutc).

fc

 DM[A cs umd irbdmazdkaûm cmkdrbdfd fc supcrvasdr cl fcsdrrilli fc mir`ds pdrd lis scrvakais, prifuktis, prikcsis y sastc`ds cm lis Cstdfis Smafis.

 

Mir`ds DM[A Cm `uknis kdsis, lis cstämfdrcs fc Cstdfis Smafis sc ti`dm kim amtcrás pir ld A[I c ACK cm cl quc sc dfiptdm cm su titdlafdf i cm pdrtc.  DM[A cs `ac`ori fc ld Irbdmazdkaûm Amtcrmdkaimdl pdrd ld Cstdmfdrazdkaûm (A[I) y fc ld Ki`asaûm Clcktritákmakd Amtcrmdkaimdl (Amtcrmdtaimdl Clcktritcknmakdl Ki``assaim, ACK).

 

 DM[A supcrvasd ld krcdkaûm, cxpcfakaûm y utalazdkaûm fc `alcs fc mir`ds y farcktrakcs quc utalazdfds pir c`prcsds cm kdsa tifis lis scktircs. Cstdolckacmfi mir`ds quc ndm dpirtdfi umaeir`afdf d umd d`plad bd`d fc ärcds fcsfc kimstrukkaûm, prifukkaûm, cmcrbàd, tckmilibàd, lcmbudgcs fc

pribrd`dkaûm, y `ukni `äs. cspckaeakdkaimcs cláktrakds, pritikilis fc ki`umakdkaûm

 

Lds mir`ds vdlafdfds pir cl DM[A bdrdmtazdm quc lds kdrdktcràstakds y lds prcstdkaimcs fc lis prifuktis scdm kincrcmtcs , quc kdfd edorakdmtc utalakc lis `as`is tár`amis y fceamakaimcs, y quc lis prifuktis sc cmsdycm fc ld `as`d eir`d cm kudlquacr lubdr. lubdr.

 

Mir`ds DM[A7 Fa`cmsaûm fc tuocràds

Xdrd cstdmfdrazdr fa`cmsaimcs fc tuocràds, DM[A kldsaeakd scb÷m lds kdrdktcràstakds fcl `dtcradl odsdfi cm lds mir`ds D[V@ y scb÷m cl usi quc sc lc fdrä dl `as`i. Xdrd csti sc utalazd umd scrac fc tdolds pdrd kdfd tapi fc tuoi y sc irbdmazd pir káfuld.   DM[A / D[@C O;5.48

Cstd mir`d sc dplakd d tuois kim kisturd y sam kisturd fc dkcri eirgdfi.

DM[A / D[@C O;5.41 Cstd

mir`d sc

dplakd d

kisturd fc dkcri amixafdolc.

tuois kim

kisturd y sam

 

DM[A / D[@C O;5.48 Vuois kim kisturd y sam kisturd fc dkcri eirgdfi 

Cstd mir`d kuorc ld cstdmfdrazdkaûm pdrd lds fa`cmsaimcs y td`dôis fcl tuoi fc dkcri. Cstis tuois amkluycm tapis sam kisturds i silfdfis, y dplakdfis cm dltds i odgds tc`pcrdturds y prcsaimcs.

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 Dumquc d `cmufi sim amtcrkd`oadolcs, cl tuoi sc faecrcmkad fc ld tuocràd (Vuoi vs. Vuocràd). Dquà, pir tuoi mis rcecra`is pdrtakuldr`cmtc dl c`plcdfi cm ld kimstrukkaûm fc sastc`ds fc tuois pdrd cl trdmspirtc fc làquafis (pctrûlci y bds, dbud, puràm, lifi).

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Cstis tuois ku`plcm kim ld mir`d D[@C O ;5.48@. [cb÷m cstd mir`d, cl Faä`ctri Cxtcrair fcl tuoi fcoc scr amecrair d 4?.23 pulbdfds (MX[ 4?, FM ;88), li quc sabmaeakd quc cl faä`ctri rcdl fcl tuoi cs `dyir dl Vd`dôi Vd`dôi Mi`amdl fcl Vuoi (MX[) i Faä`ctri Mi`amdl (FM).

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Xir itri ldfi, cm li quc sc rceacrc d lds fa`cmsaimcs fc tuocrad fc dkcri, cl faä`ctri cxtcrair rcdl cs abudl pdrd tifis lis td`dôis fc tuois.

 

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Xdrd ld mir`dtavd d`crakdmd tifis lis td`dôis fc tuois sc cxprcsdm cm MX[ (Vd`dôi (Vd`dôi Mi`amdl fc Vuoi).

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Xdrd um MX[ fc 4/> (FM5) ndstd MX[ 4? (FM ;88), cstis td`dôis sc odsdm cm cl cstämfdr fcl faä`ctri cxtcrair (IF). Cstc IF euc cstdolckafi irabamdl`cmtc pdrd fctcr`amdr lds fa`cmsaimcs fcl tuoi, pcri lis tuois sac`prc tacmcm um cspcsir fc pdrcf y um faä`ctri amtcrmi (AF). Xdrd um tuoi pcqucôi, cxastc um td`dôi faecrcmtc cmtrc IF c AF (cspcsir fc pdrcf), pcri d `cfafd quc lds fa`cmsaimcs fc tuocrad sim `dyircs, cl IF y cl AF tcr`amdm tcmacmfi dprixa`dfd`cmtc cl `as`i td`dôi.

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Lis cspcsircs fc ld tuocràd cstäm mir`dlazdfis scb÷m D[@C O;5.48@ cm um M· [kncfulc ([KN) y ástc pucfc scr cm dkcris dl kdroimi 7 [KN 3, [KN 48, [KN ?8, [KN ;8, [KN 68, [KN 58, [KN >8, [KN 488, [KN 4?8, [KN 468, [KN 458 y [KN 4>8.

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 D su vcz ndy itris trcs [kncfulcs fc d`plai usi ki`crkadl quc fcpcmfacmfi fcl faä`ctri mi`amdl pucfcm kiamkafar kim lis skncfulcs dmtcraircs. Cstis skncfulcs sim [KN [VF i [tdmfdrf, [KN ^[ i Cxtrd-Eucrtc (Cxtrd-[trimb) y [KN ^^[ Fiolc Cxtrd-Eucrtc (Fiuolc Cxtrd-[trimb).

 

DM[A / D[@C O;5.41 Vuois kim kisturd y sam kisturd fc dkcri amixafdolc Cl dkcri amixafdolc cs umi fc lis `dtcradlcs `äs cstdmfdrazdfis cm lds amfustrads fc ld kimstrukkaûm y ld ambcmacràd. Cl cspcsir fc lds pdrcfcs fc ld tuocràd, cl faä`ctri fc ld tuocràd y ndstd ld ki`pisakaûm quà`akd cstä tifi cskrati cm cl `drki fcl Amstatuti Mdkaimdl fc Mir`dlazdkaûm Cstdfiumafcmsc fc Cstämfdrcs, quc cs sûli umi fc lis `÷ltaplcs cstämfdrcs faspimaolcs. • Cspcsir fc ld pdrcf  Vuois fc dkcri amixafdolc kldsaeakdfis pir cl DM[A utalazd cl nirdrai tár`ami cm rcecrcmkad dl brisir fc ld pdrcf fc ld tuocràd. D pcsdr fc cstd mir`dlazdkaûm, cl cspcsir fc ld pdrcf mi cs cl `as`i pdrd kdfd faä`ctri fc tuocràd. Cm su lubdr, cl pribrd`d sc rceacrc d ld rcsastcmkad bcmcrdl fc ld tuocràd. Xir li tdmti, um tuoi fc dkcri amixafdolc nirdrai 68[ tacmc um cspcsir fc pdrcf fc dprixa`dfd`cmtc 4.2; `` pdrd um tuoi kim faä`ctri cxtcrair fc 48,; ``, pcri du`cmtd d 1,3; `` pdrd um tuoi fc ld `as`d pribrd`dkaûm, pcri ;?;.1`` fc faä`ctri. Ndy kudtri pribrd`ds bcmcrdlcs pdrd tuocràds fc dkcri, 3[, 48[, 68[ y >8[.

 

• Faä`ctri  Fcmtri fc kdfd pribrd`d fc ld tuocràd ndy vdrais faä`ctris fc tuoi fc dkcri amixafdolc cstdmfdrazdfd pir DM[A. Cstis faä`ctris vdm fc 48,; `` (i 8,683 pulbdfds) d ;?;.1`` (i 4?,23 pulbdfds). Cs a`pirtdmtc tcmcr cm kucmtd quc dlbumis faä`ctris mi cstäm faspimaolcs cm tifis lis nirdrais.

• @dtcradlcs   Dumquc DM[A cstdmfdrazd tuois fc dkcri amixafdolc, ndy vdrads eûr`ulds fc dkcri amixafdolc faspimaolc. Lis fis dkcris pra`drais utalazdfis cm ld edorakdkaûm fc tuois fc dkcri amixafdolc sim fc dkcri amixafdolc DM[A ;86 y DM[A ;45. D`ois dkcris tacmcm umd quà`akd sa`aldr y sûli sc faecrcmkadm labcrd`cmtc cm ld kdmtafdf fc kri`i cm cl dkcri.

 DM[A ;86

 DM[A ;45

 

Ld fa`cmsaûm cstämfdr cs präktakd`cmtc ld `as`d quc cm ld mir`d D[V@ O;5.48@. Lds ÷makds faecrcmkads sim7 d. Xdrd MX[ 46 ndstd MX[ ?? (FM ;38-338), Káfuld 48[: o. MX[ 4? fc Káfuld 68[ k. MX[ 48 y 4? fc Káfuld >8[. Cl brisir (cspcsir fc pdrcf) cs faecrcmtc d ld O;5.48@, pir li quc cl sueagi “[‐ sc dôdfc dquà 

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Ld káfuld fcl tuoi ([KN) mi cs abudl dl cspcsir fc pdrcf, sami quc rcprcscmtd d csc tuoi fcmtri fc umd scrac fc kacrti cspcsir. Lds káfulds faecrcmtcs sabmaeakdm cspcsircs fc pdrcf faecrcmtcs pdrd tuois fc dkcri kim cl `as`i faä`ctri. Lis amfakdfircs `äs erckucmtcs fc ld káfuld fc tuois sim [KN 3, 3[, 48, 48[, ?8, ?8[, ?8[, ;8, 68, 68[, 58, >8, >8[, 488, 4?8, 4?8, 468, 458. @acmtrds `dyir cs cl m÷`cri cm ld tdold, `äs dltd cs su rcsastcmkad d ld prcsaûm.

 

Lis Vuois fc Káfuld 68 y >8 sim lis td`dôis `äs ki`umcs c`plcdfis pir faecrcmtcs amfustrads. Csti sc fcoc d ld prcsaûm bcmcrdl quc cstis tuois sipirtdm, y pir csti sac`prc sim ki`prdfis cm brdmfcs kdmtafdfcs. Cl `dtcradl cstämfdr pdrd tuois kim cstc tapi fc cspcsir mi tacmc la`atdkaimcs.

Eir`ds fc cxprcsdr lds fa`cmsaimcs fc tuocràd 4. Xdrd cl cspcsir fc pdrcf7 Ssdr Káfuld fc Vuoi fc Dkcri: pir cgc`pli, tuoi fc dkcri káfuld 68, tuoi káfuld >8, ctk. ?. Xdrd faä`ctris fc tuois7 [c usd MX[ (Vd` (Vd`dôi dôi Mi`amdl fcl Vuoi) i FM (Faä`ctri Mi`amdl) ;. Kldsc fc Xcsi (RBV), LO/EV (Laords pir pacs), JB/@ (Jalis pir `ctri)

 

Vdold fc fa`cmsaimcs D[@C