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10 LEAD-IN 1. What’s the purpose of going to school? 2. Do you think education should prepare you for

READING & SPEAKING A. 1. What’s the importance of pre-school education? 2. What do you know about the education systems of other countries? B. Read the conversation and find out how many Yasemin, Brenda and Tim are at an international conference and they are talking about the educational systems in their countries. Yasemin is a university student from Turkey. Brenda studies Educational Programmes in the UK, and Tim is doing his Master’s degree on educational systems in different countries. Tim : Is pre-school education compulsory in Turkey, Yasemin? Yasemin : No, it isn’t. Mostly parents decide whether the children should attend pre-school or not. But parents usually think that pre-school education helps their children acquire good habits and contributes to their physical, mental and emotional development. But some of the parents think that their children will be affected badly if they fail to keep up with their friends. What about the pre-school education in the USA, Tim? Tim : The American education system is significantly different from your country’s. School life is highly flexible. For example, students don’t have to wear school uniforms. Also, nursery education is very expensive. Even three-year-old children are admitted to nursery schools, but they have to be toilet-trained. When a child is four years old, s/he can go to a pre-kindergarten. At the end of one year the child has to succeed in a test. S/he should get the grades showing s/he is ready to attend elementary school. 1st to 5th grade education is known as ‘Elementary School’. What can you say about preschool education in the UK, Brenda? Brenda : Pre-school education is available for ages two to four/five. It is noncompulsory and the teaching is done through group work, creative activity and guided play. Compulsory education starts at five in England, Wales and Scotland and four in Northern Ireland. Yasemin : When does compulsory education end? Brenda : It ends at the age of sixteen.

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C. Decide whether the following statements are T (True) or F (False).

 1. Yasemin is studying at university in Turkey.  2. In Turkey, the government decides whether children should attend pre-school or not.  3. Pre-school education contributes to children’s biological development.  4. It isn’t obligatory to wear school uniforms in the USA.  5. Children aren’t admitted to nursery schools if they aren’t toilet-trained in the USA.  6. Compulsory education starts at the age of four in Wales. D. Work in pairs. Find suitable words from the conversation to complete the sentences. 1. You don’t need good ......................... to succeed in elementary school in the UK. 2. Cansu ......................... her biology exam and had to sit it again. 3. ......................... education is non-compulsory in Turkey. 4. I’m looking forward to ......................... elementary school. 5. All parents want to ......................... a good education for their children. 6. Basic education helps the pupils ......................... good command of their language. E. Work in pairs. Study the graph and discuss the following questions: 1. Why is the enrolment rate of 3-year-old children lower in the United States than in the United Kingdom? 2. Why is the enrolment rate of 5-year-old children the highest in the United Kingdom?

Primary Pre-primary

100

80

60

40

20

3

4

5

Canada

3

4

5

France

3

4

5

Germany

3

4 Italy

5

3

4 Japan

5

3

4

5

United Kingdom

3

4

5

United States

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Education Database, 2001 Census Bureau Current Population Survey, October 1998

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LISTENING & SPEAKING A. 1. Look at the pictures and describe what these students have to wear at school. 2. Describe what you wear to school.

 1. Girls have to wear grey skirts.  2. Girls are allowed to wear boots.  3. Students are not allowed to go into the teachers’ room without permission.  4. Students don’t have to eat at school canteen.  5. Students have to join every activity. C. Match the two halves to complete the sentences according to the text.

 1. Boys have to wear  2. Students mustn’t wear  3. All students must arrive  4. All students need to be  5. Students needn’t join  6. Students don’t have to eat

a) in class before the bell rings. b) at school on time. c ) a grey blazer, a white shirt and grey trousers. d) every activity. e) at the school canteen. f ) trainers at school except in physical education.

D. Choose one of the topics below. Talk about it using the modals of necessity (need) and The rules : • at school • at home • in public places (library / hospital / theater, etc.) e.g. I have to tidy up my room. I needn’t do the washing-up.

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READING & WRITING A. Look at this photo and talk about it. B. Here is a letter from Bob to Sue. The beginning and the ending of the following letter are given, but the main part

53 Pony Road London 24th September, 2007 Dear Sue, Thanks for your letter. Sorry I haven’t written for many weeks, but I have been very busy with my school exams. Anyway, I thought I’d drop you a line and tell you everything. A.  As you know, I share my room with Bill and Tim. When my roommates and I got up last Monday, we noticed that the alarm clock hadn’t gone off and we realized that we had overslept. B.  We immediately put on our clothes and hurried to school. Before we came to school, we came up with an extraordinary idea. We made up a story and decided to tell our teacher that we had had a flat tyre. C.  When we got to school the next day, the teacher told us we would have the written exam in separate rooms. Just as we saw the exam question on the paper, we were shocked and thought that we had never run up against such a difficult question. D.  Because the question was ‘Which tyre of the car had a puncture?’ As you can imagine, all of us gave a different answer. E.  I succeeded in all my classes except science. Perhaps, you want to know the reason for my failure. I’m going to tell you a funny story but promise not to say anything to my parents. Because, if they hear about it, they will disapprove of my action. F.  We’d be able to take the same exam the next day. We left the school in relief and began to study hard for the exam. G.  When we turned up at school, our classmates were doing their science tests. After we had explained our excuse, the teacher agreed to give us another chance. Anyway, I’ve made a lot of friends here and the only thing I don’t really like is having to get up very early. I’d better close now. Write back soon and tell me all your news. Love, Bob

C. Ask questions. 1. .................................................................................................................................? Because he has been busy with his school exams. 2. .................................................................................................................................? With Bill and Tim. 3. .................................................................................................................................? Because the alarm clock hadn’t gone off. 4. .................................................................................................................................? Having a flat tyre. 5. .................................................................................................................................? Because the teacher asked them an unexpected question. D. Write a letter to a friend to tell about an event you have experienced.

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LISTENING & SPEAKING A. 1. When and where did you start school? How did you feel then? 2. Look at the picture and compare the class with yours at primary school. B. Listen to Erdo¤an Dinçel talking with his granddaughter, Elif, and put the sentences into the

 a. We had agriculture lessons in the fifth grade.  b. The students loved and respected their teachers.  c. In secondary school we used to wear hats.  d. I started school when I was seven.  e. We grew vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, etc.  f. We started early in the morning.  g. We had to put on a black uniform with a white collar.  h. We had just one teacher to train different grades in primary school.  i. After lunch, we continued in the afternoon.  j. Our school bags were made of wood and looked like a case. C. Summarize the events that you have heard. 1. When did he start school? 4. Which animal did the students have to keep at a) In 1947. b) In 1945. c) In 1949. school? 2. How long was the primary school education? a) A pigeon. b) A rabbit. c) A dog. a) Three years. b) Two years. c) Five years. 5. Where did they have their lunch? 3. What time did they have a lunch break? a) At home. b) At school. c) In the canteen. a) At 12. b) At 11. c) At 14. E. Work in groups of four. 1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of going to a school like Erdo¤an Dinçel’s. lessons / rules / facilities / uniform / teachers / activities

PRONUNCIATION Silent Consonants Some words have letters which are not pronounced.

READING & WRITING

Listen and repeat. Underline the silent consonants. e.g. know column knight write science doubt although hour

A. Match the phrases with the principles of Atatürk.

     

1. participation and democracy 2. welfare of people 3. love and care of your country 4. a sudden change 5. freedom of beliefs 6. economy

a) b) c) d) e) f)

Statism Populism Reformism Nationalism Secularism Republicanism

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B. Read about Atatürk’s educational life and principles. Find out which principle is being Atatürk was born in 1881 in Salonica. His father, who was a customs official, died when Mustafa was still a little boy. Zübeyde Han›m, a devoted and strong-willed mother, brought him up. Mustafa’s first school was Mahalle Mektebi. Then, he enrolled in fiemsi Efendi School. Later he went to Selanik Mülkiye Rüfltiye, where he took the exam for Askeri Rüfltiye without his mother’s knowledge. He finished Askeri Rüfltiye in 1899 and went to Harp Akademisi. That school was very important in Mustafa Kemal’s life as all his important views which would form modern Turkey flourished there. In 1905, he graduated from Harp Akademisi and was posted to Damascus. Later, he fought the enemies in different parts of the Ottoman Empire, including Albania and Tripoli. Soon he became a national hero by winning successive victories and finally repelling the invaders. Atatürk showed his genius, enthusiasm and love of his country in every field. He not only commanded his soldiers very bravely and wisely in the front but also founded the Turkish Republic (October 29th, 1923). Atatürk’s uniqueness lies especially in his principles. We must know these principles to get knowledge about democracy. 1. This is the principle which forms the main construction and shape of the Turkish government. This is a system in which equality is the main idea. Everybody has the right to participate in the elections.

..................................

2. Turkish people are keen on their independence and liberty. They have a strong feeling of love and pride for Turkey.

..................................

3. This is the principle that protects the rights of people without class distinctions. The best diplomacy should be used for the sake of the people. Nobody has got more rights than the others.

..................................

4. It doesn’t merely mean the separation of state and religion but also the separation of religion from educational, cultural and legal affairs.

..................................

5. Turkey’s complete modernisation is very much dependent on economic and technological development. The state must regulate the country’s general .................................. economic activity. 6. It means making changes and replacing traditional institutions with modern institutions. These changes help people rise to the level of modern and civilized societies.

..................................

C. Read the text again and complete the sentences. 1. Without his mother’s knowledge ........................ 3. In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated .................. 2. All his important views ....................... 4. His uniqueness ................. D. Write a text about the educational life of someone you know.

LET’S PRACTISE 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

In Canada compulsory education begins at the age of 5. Schools are open ....... weekdays. The pupils attend supplementary courses ....... weekends. Schools end ....... June in Turkey. Some schools have long lunch breaks ....... noon. Schools organize sports activities ....... every season.

B. Write the correct form of the verbs. Miss Da¤deviren is a teacher of English. She (0) has taught (teach) in several schools so far. Now she (1) ............................... (be) in her new school. She (2) ............................... (start) to work there last week. On her first day at school when she entered the class, the children (3) ............................ (chatter) loudly. All the students (4) ............................ (stand up) as soon as they saw her. After Miss Da¤deviren (5) ............................ (tell) them to sit down, she (6) ............................ (begin) to introduce herself. All of the students (7) ............................ (keep) silent while she (8) ............................ (introduce) herself. Just as she (9) ............................ (talk), there (10) ............................ (be) a knock on the door.

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C. Write what the following modals express. In our school, ................... e.g. we mustn’t wear jeans. (prohibition) 1. we must be in class before the teacher comes in. (..........................) 2. we need to listen to the teacher carefully. (..........................) 3. we needn’t be at school at weekends. (..........................) 4. we don’t need to stay after five. (..........................) 5. we don’t have to eat in the canteen. (..........................) 6. we have to take exams. (..........................)

A. Study the rules. 1. a. The Present Simple is used for routine or regular repeated actions. b. The Present Perfect is used to relate past events to the present. 2. a. The Past Simple is used for a completed action or event which took place at a particular time. b. The Past Continuous is used for an action in progress in the past. c. The Past Perfect is used for an action which happened before another action in the past. B. Read and learn. • ‘Need to’ is used when it is necessary for you to do something. (necessity) • ‘Needn’t / Don’t have to / Don’t need to’ are used when it isn’t necessary for you to do something. (lack of necessity) • ‘Have to’ is used when you are obliged to do something. (obligation) • ‘Must’ is used when you personally feel that something is the right thing to do. (obligation) • ‘Mustn’t’ is used when you aren’t allowed to do something. (prohibition) C. Study the chart. in the morning 1991 spring April

on Sunday my birthday weekdays a spring day

at noon night weekends

D. Read and learn. After the teacher had given the instructions, the exam started. The teacher had given the instructions before the exam started. The students waited outside until the school director called / had called them in. As soon as she had completed her project, she showed it to her teacher.

PROJECT Prepare a questionnaire about the school life of someone famous. e.g. 1. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s first school was Mahalle Mektebi.  Yes  No 2. He took the exam for Mülkiye Rüfltiyesi.  Yes  No

FUN CORNER

The teacher said, ‘Today we will review tenses. Now, if I say ‘I am beautiful,’ what tense is it?’ A student replied, ‘Obviously the past tense.’ 64