10 LA ETICA y LA ARQUITECTURA 2020.1

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L   L^\[IVKMVC

M.L.P. O°

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

Hl lpcrtlmiýo fk oukstrl épcml lh prcmksc lrquitkmtýoimc mcosistk jìs ko hl lphimlmiýo fk hcs mcocmijik mcoc mijikotcs otcs scnr scnrkk kh jkfic jkficljnik ljnikotk otk quk ko utih utihizlr izlr jltkr jltkrilhks ilhks c tkmoc tkmochcgêl hcgêlss mcos mcostrumt trumtivls ivls kxtrlcrfiolrils y ocvkfcsls. Kstcs oukvcs mcocmijikotcs ljnikotlhks sco témoimls fk lpcyc, dkrrljikotls quk ocs elmihitlo kstl hlncr fk oc fksprkmilr hcs grlofks prcnhkjls ko oukstrc jcfkstc trlnlbc mctifiloc y fk flr skrvimic lh usulric fk oukstrc tikjpc. Vkokjcss pu Vkokjc puks ks uol ouk oukvl vl cpc cpcrtu rtuoif oiflf lf fk fks fkslrrc lrrchhl hhlrr ouk oukstr strll mlp mlplmi lmiflf flf mrk mrklti ltivl2 vl2 hl nuk nukol ol lrquitkmturl oc pkrfkrì iotkrés, sioc quk sk koriqukmkrì mco oukvcs mcocmijikotcs, skrì jìs  prkmisl, jìs pkrekmtl, jkbcr. Ko hl quk pcfljcs utihizlr kstk mcocmijikotc plrl dlmkr lrquitkmturl, urnloisjc, ksplmics pònhimcs jìs rimcs, jìs lfkmulfcs plrl kh skr dujloc quk vl l utihizlrhcs y lfkjìs, jìs kquitltivcs mco hcs fkjìs. ]i pkosljcs y rkehkxicoljcs kh prkskotk, y tkokjcs ko oukstrl jloc kstk oukvc mcocmijikotc, ³mýjc igocrlrhc3  Oc mlnk hl plsiviflf c kh kosijisjljikotc ko jkrcs kbkrmimics fk kstihc y lphimlr kstk mcocmijikotc ks uo prcnhkjl fk étiml lrquitkmtýoiml, uol vukhtl fk tukrml jìs l oukstrl prceksiýo, hl kokrgêl fk hl oukvl vlogulrfil. Étiml kotkofifl mcjc étiml hliml, fk vlhcrks mcjuoks l hl scmikflf mivih, ksl okmksiflf iookglnhk fk  nusmlr ‘hc jkbcr‚ plrl tcfcs. tcfcs. Ks uol cpcrtuoiflf òoiml, lnikrtl, plrl jcstrlr oukstrl mrkltiviflf. Ks uol lmtituf irrkouomilnhk.

KH L^\[IVKMVC y HL ^KLHIFLF LMV[LH ³\[É ks hl L^\[IVKMV[^L3 Kh tkxtc ocs fimk fk hl fkeioimiýo siguikotk2 siguikotk2 ‘Lrquitkmturl ks hl prceksiýo pkrtkokmikotk lh mljpc fk hls nkhhls lrtks quk sk fkfiml l hl mrklmiýo fk ksplmics, quk sltiselglo hls okmksiflfks fk sus usulrics, mrklofc cnrls nkhhls quk prcpc prcpcrmic rmicoko oko nikok nikokstlr stlr,, lfkm lfkmuìofch uìofchls ls l su jcjk jcjkotc otc distý distýrimc rimc y huglr gkcgrìeimc, gkcgrìeimc, euomicolhks, sýhifljkotk mcostruifls, mco lmlnlfcs quk sklo lfkmulfcs l su olturlhkzl y quk ko su mchcmlmiýo fkoctko kh fcjioic fkh ceimic y quk sk rklhimko fkotrc fkh tikjpc y mcstc phloklfc‚.

JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

=

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

Dly jumdls fkeioimicoks fk hl lrquitkmturl, lhguols jìs vlgls y ctrls jìs cnbktivls, quk pukfko skr koslhzlfls mco kh usc fk vcmlnuhlric c kh jlh usc fkh éh, sio kjnlrgc, hl lrquitkmturl dl sifc y ks dlstl ldcrl hl lmtiviflf dujlol quk mcosistk ko slnkr mrklr mcrrkmtljkotk y mrklr hcs ksplmics  plrl kh dcjnrk. Lsê quk fk mikrtc jcfc pcfkjcs fkmir quk kh mcomkptc fk lrquitkmturl ks uoivkrslh luoquk ko mlfl rkgiýo pukfl tkokr vlrilmicoks fkrivlfls fk hl muhturl prcpil. Ko kh tkxtc sk pukfk lprkmilr quk euk mhlrljkotk rklhizlfc nlsìofcsk ko su jcjkotc, y si sk pukfk mcosifkrlr quk su ekmdl fk kfimiýo oc ks lplrkotkjkotk juy hkblol lh fêl fk dcy, kotcomks  pcfrêljcs tkokrhc lòo mcjc mcjc lmtulh Lsê puks, kh lrquitkmtc lmtulh fknk skr uo prceksicolh quk pukfl sltiselmkr fk jlokrl kxitcsl hls okmk ok mksi sifl flfk fkss fk hc hcss us usul ulri rics cs,, y pl plrl rl hc mu mulh lh ok okmk mksi sitl tl uo uoll pr prkp kplr lrlm lmiý iýoo lf lfkm kmul ulfl fl,, tl tlot otcc ko mcocmijik mcoc mijikotcs otcs témoimcs, témoimcs, lsê mcjc dujloistls, dujloistls, quk ksté kstéoo mcjph mcjphkjkot kjkotlfcs lfcs mco uol nlsk étiml lfkmulfl. Y mco kstc pukfl prkstlr sus skrvimics l hl scmikflf ko hl quk vivijcs fk hl jlokrl jìs iofimlfl.

KH L^\[IVKMVC y HC] ULHC^K] JC^LHK] Ko kh tkxtc nlbc kstufic sk histlo uol skrik fk vlhcrks l hcs mulhks hhljl2 nìsimcs plrl kh quk dlmkr lrquitkmtýoimc, fk kstcs sk fl uol fkeioimiýo y tljniéo kh mýjc sk rkhlmicolo mco kh lrquitkmtc. Kstl histl fk vlhcrks ks hl siguikotk2

MCJP^CJI]C2

CNHIGLMIÝO c ^K]PCO]LNIHIFLF LF\[I^IFL NL]LFL KO [O LM[K^FC. ]k kspkrl quk kh lrquitkmtc skl mcjprcjktifc, ks fkmir, quk sus lmtiviflfks plrl mco kh usulric c hl scmikflf sklo sikjprk firigifls l hl nòsqukfl fkh nikokstlr jutuc, quk su lpcrtlmiýo fk trlnlbc k ifkls vlylo firigifls l ijpuhslr kh fkslrrchhc fk hl lrquitkmturl y fk hl jisjl scmikflf, lsê mcjc kh mrkmijikotc pkrscolh fkh lrquitkmtc.

MCOEILNIHIFLF2 MLPLMIFLF FK ^K]PCOFK^ FK JLOK^L ]LVI]ELMVC^IL L HL] ^K]PCO]LNIHIFLFK]. JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

6

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

]k pifk lh lrquitkmtc quk skl muiflfcsc ko sus lmtiviflfks, ko su tcjl fk fkmisicoks, lsê mcjc ko hl lfjioistrlmiýo fk rkmurscs plrl quk rksukhvl hls okmksiflfks fkh usulric c hl scmikflf fk jlokrl sltiselmtcril. Plrl quk kstc skl pcsinhk ks okmkslric quk kh lrquitkmtc tkogl hl prkvil mlplmiflf fk rkschumiýo fkh  prcnhkjl plrl kvitlr ijprcvislmicoks ijprcvislmicoks y kh lujkotc fk fk riksgc lh krrcr.

MCOG^[KOMIL2 MC^^K]PCOFKOMIL L^JÝOIML KOV^K HL IFKL Y KH LMVC. Kh lrq lrqui uitkm tkmtc tc lmt lmtòl òl mco mcogru gruko kotkjk tkjkot otk, k, ks fkm fkmir, ir, quk hls ifk ifkls ls mco mcomkp mkptul tulhks hks ecr ecrjlf jlfls ls plr plrll hl rklhizlmiýo fk su trlnlbc sk vklo phlsjlfls ko hl jisjl cnrl fk jlokrl mhlrl, plrl hc mulh ks okmkslric uoiýo mcomkptulh fkh kquipc fk trlnlbc mcjphktc, lsê puks, kh lrquitkmtc sk fknk lpkglr l hc lmcrflfc fksfk uo priomipic kotrk éh y su mhikotk

FI]M^KMIÝO2 ]KO]LVKR Y P^CEK]ICOLHI]JC LH ^KMINI^ C FL^ IOEC^JLMIÝO. Kh lrquitkmtc jlotikok kh prceksicolhisjc scnrk tcfl hl ioecrjlmiýo iotkrmljnilfl kotrk éh y su mhikotk, lsê mcjc dlmkr kjphkc fk khhl fk jlokrl lfkmulfl y skosltl, mcjprkofikofc hls pktimicoks fkh mhikotk y crikotìofchls rkspktlofc hls fkmisicoks fkh mhikotk y kvitlofc mlkr ko krrcrks quk  pufiksko lekmtlr hcs fkrkmdcs fkrkmdcs fk uo tkrmkrc.

DCOK]VIFLF2 MLPLMIFLF FK CN^L^ NL]ÌOFC]K KO HL UK^FLF. Kh lrquitkmtc fknk skr dcokstc, fknk lmtulr sikjprk ko mcogrukomil mco hc lmcrflfc, y ouoml cmuhtlr lhgòo lmtc eukrl fk hl vistl fk quikoks pukflo skr lekmtlfcs l pcstkricri, ks ijpcrtlotk quk kh lrquitkmtc crikotk lh mhikotk fk ecrjl lfkmulfl y quk rkmcoczml sus hijitlmicoks c lqukhhls quk  pufiksko lekmtlr lhgòo puotc fk su trlnlbc.

DCO^LFKR2 ^KMVIV[F KO KH JLOKBC FK ^KM[^]C]. ]k kspkrl l quk kh lrquitkmtc skl dcorlfc, quk jukstrk rkmtituf ko tcfcs sus lmtcs y prcmkfijikotcs,  plrtimuhlrjkotk ko kh jlokbc fk rkmurscs kmcoýjimcs fknk skr ksmrupuhcsc y sikjprk jcstrlr  mukotls mukot ls mhlrls y nusm nusmlr lr sikjprk hls jkbcrks cpmicoks cpmicoks plrl lh mulh sirvk, plrl su mhiko mhikotk, tk, lh mulh kh lrquitkmtc fknk ioecrjlr fk jlokrl vkrlz scnrk kh mýjc sk iovikrtko hcs rkmurscs quk éh kstì  prcpcrmicolofc.

B[]VIMIL2 ^KMINI^ Y FL^ HC \[K K] JK^KMIFC. JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

;

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

Kh lrquitkmtc fknk skr bustc, vlhcrlofc fk jlokrl lfkmulfl kh trlnlbc fkh pkrscolh iovchumrlfc, tljniéo fknk jcstrlr rkspktc pcr hl figoiflf y nikokstlr fk lqukhhcs quk fk mikrtl jlokrl fkpkoflo c sk vklo lekmtlfcs pcr sus fkmisicoks c lmtcs, tljniéo fknk jcstrlr rkspktc plrl mco kh mcotkxtc distýrimc, muhturlh y eêsimc ko kh mulh sk fkskovukhvk, plrl lsê rktrinuir l hl scmikflf pcr hc quk dl rkminifc fk khhl y schiflrizìofcsk plrl hl nòsqukfl fkh fkslrrchhc jutuc.

HKLHVLF2 UIOM[HLMIÝO KOV^K IOFIUIF[C] NL]LFL KO HL MCOEILORL. ]k kspkrl quk kh lrquitkmtc skl hklh, quk sus lmtcs kstéo fk hl jloc mco hcs iotkrksks fk su mhikotk c fk hl iostitumiýo plrl hl mulh trlnlbk, fknk sikjprk nusmlr flr uol nukol ijlgko fk khhcs mcjc fk sê jisjc, tljniéo fknk kvitlr tcfl mcjpktkomil mco mlrlmtkrêstimls iobustls c mcrruptls, y nusmlr  ioehuir ko su trlnlblfcrks plrl fkslrrchhlr uo skotifc fk hklhtlf, mcjc cnhiglmiýo pkrjlokotk.

P^[FKOMIL2 N[KO M^IVK^IC KO HL VCJL FK FKMI]ICOK]. Kh lrquitkmtc lmtulrl mco prufkomil, jlokblofc mco muiflfc hl ioecrjlmiýo y rkspktlofc hl quk skl mcoeifkomilh, fknk tljniéo, lolhizlofc, vlhiflr hl ioecrjlmiýo ko hl mulh nlsk su tcjl fk fkmisicoks y rkmcocmkr hcs lmikrtcs fk ctrcs y hcs prcpics, tljniéo fknk skr muiflfcsc mco hl mcjuoimlmiýo fk situlmicoks quk pukflo lekmtlr kjcmicolhjkotk l su kquipc fk trlnlbc mcosifkrlofc y prkvikofc hls mcoskmukomils.

^K]PCO]LNIHIFLF2 L][JI^ CNHIGLMICOK] Y M[JPHI^ MCO KHHL]. Kh lrquitkmtc lrquitkmtc lmtulrì mco rkspcoslnih rkspcoslnihiflf iflf,, lsuji lsujikofc kofc mcoskmukom mcoskmukomils ils fk fkmis fkmisicoks icoks quk tcjk c lmkptk, fknk rkspktlr mcjprcjiscs y rklhizlrhcs mcrrkmtljkotk, sikjprk mujphikofc mco hl mlhiflf, mlotiflf, y tikjpc lmcrflfcs, y mulofc sk prkskotkomcosistk situlmicoks lfvkrsls fknkrì rkspcofkr mlrlmtkrêstimls pcr komijl fk sus iotkrksks pkrscolhks, hl rkspcoslnihiflf tljniéo ko kh rkspktc mco hl mcjuoiflf y kh jkfic ljnikotk y tcfcs lqukhhcs quk pufikrlo vkrsk lekmtlfcs pcr su dlmkr.

UK^LMIFLF2 ^KHLMIÝO FK HL UK^FLF Y VCFC] HC] LMVC]. Kh lrquitkmtc fknk skr sikjprk uo eikh skguifcr y nusmlfcr fk hl vkrflf, lmtulofc y pkoslofc sikjprk fk lmukrfc l kstl y lsê pkrjlokmikofc sikjprk nlbc su lurl y lhkblfc fk tcfl lmmiýo quk hc hhkvk l hl elhskflf, hl mcrrupmiýo, hl cplmiflf c plrmilhiflf.

JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

5

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

KH L^\[IVKMVC Y KH V^LNLBC Kh lrq lrquit uitkmt kmtcc puk pukfk fk kbk kbkrmk rmkrr su prc prceks eksiýo iýo sik sikofc ofc plr plrtim timipk ipk ko hl prk prkstl stlmiý miýoo fk sus skr skrvim vimics ics  prceksicolhks, lsê mcjc ko lmtiviflfks rkhlmicolfls rkhlmicolfls mco kh mcjkrmic. Hl prkstlmiýo skrvimics prceksicolhks ks kstk mulofc lh skrvimic fk mcoecrjk uo mhikotk,l  plrl sltiselmkr fk lhguol okmksiflf fk kstk, ko mlsckhkhlrquitkmtc lrquitkmtctrlnlbl fknk lmtulr sikjprk hcs iotkrksks fkh mhikotk, quiko ks kh quk plgl pcr tcfcs hcs mcstcs iomhuykofc hcs dcocrlrics lh lrquitkmtc pcr sus skrvimics. Hl mcotrltlmiýo fk skrvimics fkh mcostrumtcr c lrquitkmtc pukfk skr fk fistiotls ecrjls, pukfk skr   pcr prkmics uoitlrics, uoitlrics, ko hl mulh kh mcostrumtcr mcostrumtcr mctizl pcr uoiflf fk cnrl. cnrl. Vljniéo pukfk skr hl mcotrltlmiýo fk hl cnrl l prkmic lhzlfc, ko hl mulh kh mcostrumtcr mcotrltl pcr  uo vlhcr tctlh tcfl hl cnrl y lnscrnk fk jlokrl jcjkotìokl hls vlrilmicoks quk sk hhkglrlo l susmitlr, y mcjprcjktiéofcsk l kotrkglr hl cnrl l tikjpc y kh mhikotk plgl fk lmukrfc l uo  prcgrljl fk lvlomk fk cnrl prkkstlnhkmifc. prkkstlnhkmifc. Ctrl vlrilotk fk hl mcotrltlmiýo ks hl mcotrltlmiýo fk cnrl pcr lfjioistrlmiýo, ko fcofk kh lrquitkmtc lfjioistrl firkmtljkotk hcs rkmurscs fkh mhikotk quiko lnscrnk tcfcs hcs mcstcs y sus vlrilmicoks, lsê puks kh lrquitkmtc oc lsujk oiogòo riksgc y mcnrl pcr hl prkstlmiýo fk sus skrvimics  prceksicolhks. Ctrc tipc fk mcotrltlmiýo ks hl hhljlfl mcotrltlmiýo pcr hhlvk ko jloc, fcofk kh mcostrumtcr sk mcjprcjktk l dlmkr mcjphktljkotk hl cnrl dlstl su tkrjiolmiýo eiolh, y mcnrl uol mlotiflf  prkviljkotk eiblfl quk oc sk pukfk jcfieimlr, y si dly iomujphijikotc iomujphijikotcss fk lhgòo tipc sk scjktk l grlofks juhtls. Fkotrc fk hl pcsinhk lmtiviflf mcjkrmilh fkh lrquitkmtc sk fknko fiekrkomilr fcs lmtiviflfks2 hl kspkmuhltivl y hl mcjkrmilh. Hl lmtiviflf kspkmuhltivl ks uol lmtiviflf mcjkrmilh iofksklnhk quk schc nusml humrlr, ks flüiol l hl kmcocjêl y l hl scmikflf y mrkl uol jlhl fistrinumiýo fk hl riqukzl, hl iotkrjkfilmiýo ks hkgêtijl jikotrls kh iotkrjkfilric, mcrrkfcrks iojcnihilrics, mcnrko pcr sus dcocrlrics prceksicolhks y oc sk vklo iovchumrlfcs ko kh nkokeimic cntkoifc pcr hl vkotl fkh prcfumtc. Hl lmtiviflf mcjkrmilh ks uol ecrjl hkgêtijl fk trlnlbc quk mcosistk ko hl mcjprl y vkotl fk rkmurscs òtihks lh quk dlmkr lrquitkmtýoimc, kstcs mcjkrmilotks plrtimiplo ko kh hinrk jkrmlfc y pcr  hc tlotc sk vko lekmtlfcs pcr hc quk ocrjlo sus hkyks.

KH L^\[IVKMVC y HL ]CMIKFLF Kh lrquitkmtc, lh trlnlbl plrl y mco hl scmikflf, fknk kstlr mcosmikotk fk sus fknkrks quk tikok plrl mco hls plrtks fk khhl mco hls quk sk rkhlmicol1

KH L^\[IVKMVC JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

7

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

mulofc CE^KMK sus ]K^UIMIC] P^CEK]ICOLHK], P^CEK]ICOLHK], tikok hcs ]IG[IKOVK] FKNK^K]2 Mco su MHIKOVK2 Fknk rklhizlr uo fkslrrchhc fkh prcykmtc quk sltiselgl hls okmksiflfks fkh mhikotk, muiflofc quk mujphl mco tcf mujphl tcfls ls hls mlr mlrlmt lmtkrê krêsti stimls mls okm okmksl kslril rilss plr plrll quk skl mco mcovko vkoiko ikotk, tk, y quk skl dkm dkmdc dc kspkmilhjkotk l hl jkfifl fk hls okmksiflfks fk su mhikotk, lsê jisjc fknk rkspktlr tcfc prcykmtc lbkoc y tcfc prcykmtc quk yl dlyl sifc mcjprlfc pcr uo mhikotk prkviljkotk, ko hl kbkmumiýo fk hl cnrl, fknkrì hhkvlrhl l mlnc tlh mcjc sk lmcrfý ko muksticoks fk mlhiflf, mlotiflf y tikjpc, ioecrjlofc rkspcoslnhkjkotk lh mhikotk si kxistk lhguol vlrilmiýo k ioecrjìofchc fkh lvlomk y mlrlmtkrêstimls fk su cnrl, kh lrquitkmtc fknk tcjlr trlnlbcs plrl hcs mulhks skl mlplz.

Mco sus V^LNLBLFC^K] y KJPHKLFC]2 Fknk tkokr mcomikomil fkh priomiplh mlpitlh fkh lrquitkmtc sco hcs rkmurscs dujlocs y nusmlr  sikjprk kh nikokstlr y kh mrkmijikotc fk su kquipc fk trlnlbc, lsê mcjc prcpcrmicolrhks tcfc lqukhhcs l hc mulh tkoglo fkrkmdc y nusmlofc sikjprk su skguriflf y hl fkekosl fk khhcs mulofc dlyl situlmicoks lfvkrsls, ks tljniéo ijpcrtlotk kh mujphijikotc fk rkspcoslnihiflfks mco khhcs.

Mco su MCJ[OIFLF2 Kh Lrquitkmtc fknkrì rkspktlr sikjprk kh mcotkxtc urnloc, eêsimc c muhturlh fkh huglr fcofk sk dlhhk trlnlblofc, mcjprcjktiéofcsk lh fkslrrchhc pcsitivc fk hl scmikflf quk sk vkrì lekmtlfl pcr sus lmmicoks, plrl kstc ks okmkslric quk kstk ioecrjlfc fk hls hkyks y rkghljkotcs fk mlfl huglr y quk mukotk mco uol prkplrlmiýo sueimikotk quk hk pkrjitl tcjlr fkmisicoks nlsìofcsk ko su mritkric mulofc sk mlrkzmlo fk rkghljkotcs ko uol zcol, kh lrquitkmtc fknk sikjprk schiflrizlrsk mco hl mcjuoiflf plrl hl nòsqukfl fkh prcgrksc ko tcfcs hcs skotifcs.

Mco su G^KJIC2 Kh lrquitkmtc fknk pkrjlokmkr rkspktucsc y schiflric fk hcs iotkrksks fk su grkjic prcjcvikofc sikjprk su mrkmijikotc, utihizlofc plrl kstc tcfl su kxpkrikomil y mlplmiflf, y rkmcocmikofc hcs lmikrtcs y fkslmikrtcs fkh jisjc y sus mchkgls sikjprk mco hl iotkomiýo fk jkbcrlr y lyuflr l quikoks okmksitlo lyufl.

KH L^\[IVKMVC quk V^LNLBL ko kh MLJPC MCJK^MILH tikok VLJNIÉO FKNK^K] ]IJIHL^K] PL^L2 Mco su MHIKOVK2

JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

4

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

Fknk sikjprk subktlrsk l hls nlsks fk mcotrltlmiýo, tkoikofc prkskotk quk pcr komijl fk hl lmtiviflf mcjkrmilh kstì hl vcmlmiýo fk skrvimic, y fknkrì sikjprk mujphir mco sus mcjprcjiscs ko mulotc tikjpc mlhiflf y mcstc, y nlbc oioguol mirmuostlomil pcfrì jkzmhlr lmtiviflfks mcjkrmilhks mco lqukhhls rkhlmicolfls l hl prkstlmiýo fk skrvimics.

Mco sus V^LNLBLFC^K] y KJPHKLFC]2 Fknkrì lh igulh quk mulofc sk trltl fk prkstlmiýo fk skrvimics prceksicolhks, rkspktlrhcs mcjc skrks dujlocs y nusmlr su nikokstlr y skguriflf, lsê mcjc mujphir hcs mcjprcjiscs quk sk tkoglo mco khhcs, y hcs quk hl hky jlrquk.

Mco sus P^CUKKFC^K] y MCOV^LVI]VL]2 ]ikjprk fknkrì lmtulr mco rkmtituf y dlmkr nuko usc fk hcs rkmurscs eiolomikrcs, lsê mcjc ioecrjlr  lfkmulfljkotk l sus prcvkkfcrks y mcotrltistls fk lsuotcs quk pukflo lekmtlrhcs.

ÉVIML y VKC^ÊL FK HL L^\[IVKMV[^L Hl étiml y jcrlh oc sco hl jisjl mcsl, pkrc plrl kekmtc fk elmihitlr su koskülozl y mcjprkosiýo, ko kstk mlsc hc tcjljcs mcjc si eukrlo hc jisjc, hl étiml ks hl mikomil fk hl jcrlh, fk hl ksekrl fk hl mcofumtl dujlol, y hl étiml schc ocs kxphiml, ocs fl uo plocrljl, pkrc oc ocs rkmcjikofl oi  prksmrink olfl. Kh cnbktivc fk mcocmkr hl étiml, ks kh fk dlmkr hinrks pkoslfcrks, quk lmtòko y pikosko nlsìofcsk ko hl hinkrtlf. Ks fkmir, tkoikofc mcjc jctivcs plrl lmtulr y pkoslr, ctrcs quk oc sklo crfkoks, mcstujnrk c mlprimdcs, sk kxphiml quk uoc pikrfk hl hinkrtlf mulofc cnrl nlsìofcsk ko rlzcoks quk sco ijpukstls, crfkoks, mulofc sk dlmk sio pkoslrhc y schljkotk pcr tcfcs hc dlmko y sikjprk dl sifc lsê, mcstujnrks, c mulofc sk lmtòl sio rlzýo lhguol, mlprimdcs. ]k ocs fimk quk fknkjcs lprkofkr l pkoslr mco hinkrtlf y lmtulr nlsìofcsk ko kstl.

JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L

9

 

[OIUK^]IFLF ]LO PKF^C

P^CG^LJL fk K]V[FIC] fk L^\[IVKMV[^L y [^NLOI]JC

Kh lmtulr mco hinkrtlf ocs pkrjitk vivir rklhjkotk, ‘ocs fljcs hl nukol vifl‚, y kstl sk hcgrl mulofc oukstrls fkmisicoks sco tcjlfls mco hinkrtlf y kvitlofc lmtulr pcr ýrfkoks, mcstujnrk c mlprimdcs. Y kh ‘flrsk hl nukol vifl‚, sk hcgrl ‘flofc hl nukol vifl‚, ks fkmir, trltlofc l hls mcsls mcjc hc sco, l hls mcsls mcjc mcsls, l hcs loijlhks mcjc loijlhks y l hcs skrks dujlocs mcjc skrks dujlocs, ocshhkvl fimklquk hls mcsls y loijlhks sijphks y kh skr hldujloc su vifl, hl sk mulh mcjphimlmicoks muyl jìssco sijphk slhifl skrêl jukrtk,kskhmcjphkbc, rkouomilr lsê l hlmcjc vifl.  

Hl vifl fkh skr dujloc ks mcjphkbl fknifc l quk kh dcjnrk okmksitl ‘mcsls‚ quk oc tikoko hls mcsls, ks fkmir quk oc pukfk skr cntkoifc fk hls mcsls, sioc fk ctrcs skrks dujlocs. Plrl lspirlr l hl ‘nukol vifl‚, ks okmkslric nlslr oukstrc mcjpcrtljikotc ko hl lmtituf fk oc vivir  fk mulhquikr jlokrl, slnkr quk oc tcfc fl igulh, mcjprkofkr quk mikrtcs mcjpcrtljikotcs ocs mcovikoko jìs quk ctrcs y slnkr quk hl hinkrtlf fkpkofk fk mlfl uoc, ‘olfik pukfk skr hinrk pcr  jê‚. Hcs ^kjcrfijikotcs fk mcomikomil, sco cmlsicolfcs mulofc slnkjcs quk lmtuljcs fk ecrjl iojcrlh, y rkprkskotlo ko mikrtc kh mlstigc l uo mcjpcrtljikotc ijnémih, y lh oc lmtulr mco hinkrtlf, yl quk oc dly olfl irrksistinhk, pcrquk hc irrksistinhk ks schc uol supkrstimiýo, y rkprkskotl hl okglmiýo fk hl hinkrtlf. ]k fimk tljniéo quk tcfcs hcs dcjnrks jkrkmko skr trltlfcs mcjc tlhks, ocs fimk quk iomhusc kh jìs jlhc fk tcfcs hcs dcjnrks ks dcjnrk, pcr hc tlotc, fknk skr trltlfc mcjc tlh y ouoml mcjc si oc hc euksk, y quk plrl vivir niko ks okmkslric vivir dujloljkotk y mcosifkrlr l hcs fkjìs mcjc skjkblotks. ]k ocs fimk quk hl cntkomiýo fk phlmkr ks sikjprk nukol mulofc kstl sk pcok lh skrvimic fk hl lhkgrêl, fkocjiolofc l hl lhkgrêl mcjc uo ]I kspcotlokc l hl vifl, y hls pkrscols quk tikoko hl mlplmiflf fk dlmkr kstc mukotlo mco uol virtuf l hl mulh sk hhljl tkjphlozl. ]i sk dlmk hl fiekrkomilmiýo kotrk étiml y jcrlh, sk ocs fimk quk hl étiml ks hl tkcrêl c mikomil fkh mcjpcrtljikotc jcrlh, ks fkmir, kh mcjpcrtljikotc fkh skr dujloc ko scmikflf. ]k fimk tljniéo quk hl étiml ecrjl plrtk fk hl eihcsceêl, y sk rkhlmicol mco tcfls hls lmtiviflfks dujlols ko hls quk sk tcjko fkmisicoks jcrlhks quk pukflo lekmtlr l uo tkrmkrc. Lhguocs kxphimlo hls fiekrkomils kotrk hcs prcnhkjls étimcs y jcrlhks, ocs fimk quk hcs prcnhkjls étimcs c tkýrimcs, sco uoivkrslhks y sk rkeikrko l hl jlokrl fk lmtulr fk hl scmikflf mcjphktl lotk mikrtls mirmuostlomils. ]k fimk quk uo prcnhkjl jcrlh c prìmtimc sk rkeikrk l lqukhhcs mlscs plrtimuhlrks, mulofc sk tcjlo fkmisicoks quk pukflo lekmtlr l uo tkrmkrc. JL^MC] NKOIVK] G[KUL^L Lrq.

JL^AKVIOG PL^L L^\[IVKMVC] 

HL ÉVIML y HL L^\[IVKMV[^L