1 Arte y Cultura

 

R@RNMK A@ FWY@KAN_FO@ 76 (P 7)

‚Aniuofems `epj`fkam jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf― D@BCF?………………….. HYFAM? 9·…….. HYFAM?  9·……..

ÆY@F? FYQ@ ÆY@F?  FYQ@ ^ BPJQPYF

WYMWÒRNQM A@ JF R@RNÒK? @k `stf s`snòk, jms knöms y jfs knöfs, a`spuîs a` fpr`bnfr fjhukfs pnkturfs r`hnmkfj`s< a`sfrrmjjfk su br`fvnafa bmjmr`fkam neæh`k`s y r`du`rzfk sus psnbmemtrnbnafa kf fj r`pfsfr trfzms.

FKQ@R A@ JF R@RNÒK   

Wr`pfr Wr`p frm m jm jmss pf pfp` p`jm jmt` t`ss bm bmk k `j t` t`xt xtm m y `j em ema` a`jm jm a` jf tî tîbk bknb nbff a` jf bufaråbujf. Rfbm bmpnfs a` fjhukfs pnkturfs a`j pnktmr Vunenstmk Vunkt`rms Hfrbåf. Wr`pfrm jfs bcfs pfrf bfaf knöm.

EFQ@YNFJ@R ^ Y@BPYRMR       

Wfp`jmt` bmk jf inijnmhrff a`j pnktmr. Wfp`jmt` bmk `j ema`jm a` jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf. Dnbcfs a` j`bturf. Dnbcfs a` aniuom. Bmpnfs a` jms bufarms a` pnkturf. Bufa`rkm a` aniuom. Jæpnb`s, bmjmr`s y pjuemk`s.

FWY@KAN_FO@R @RW@YFAMR

bfpfbnafa nkanbfamr f trfifofr `k jfNKs`snòk BMEW@Q@KBmep`t`kbnf, BNF BFWFBN`AF A ANBFAMY FWY@BNF A@ EFK@YF BYÅQNBF EFKND@RQFBNMK@R FYQÅRQNBM BPJQPYFJ@R.

W`rb W`rbni ni`` efkn efknd` d`st stfb fbnm nmk` k`ss frs frsb bm m ‒ bujturfj`s y s` nknbnf `k `jjf e`anfkt` jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf.

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@xpjnbf sus na`fs y `xpr`sf jms s`ken`ktms qu` j` h`k`rfk jfs efkn ef knd` d`st stfb fbnm nmk` k`ss frs frsb bms ms ‒ bujt bujtur urfj fj`s `s,, bmk bmk if ifs` s` `k su suss mis`rvfbnmk`s y `xp`rn`kbnfs. Y`prmaub` neæh`k`s `epj`fkam jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf.

 

EME@KQMR A@ JF R@RNÒK NKNBNM 60±

APYFBNÒK QMQFJ? 620 enkutms.

@k hrupm bjfs` 

Eu`strm f jms knöms y knöfs e`anfkt` ukf `xpmsnbnòk fjhukfs fjhukfs bmpnfs a` pnkturfs a` uk frtnstf r`hnmkfj. Irnkam uk tn`epm pfrf qu` mis`rv`k y fpr`bn`k jms aniuoms. (v`r  fk`xm 1)  Ju`hm anfjmhfems e`anfkt` jfs snhun`kt`s nkt`rrmhfkt`s?

½Vuî ½Vuî mis`rvfrmk= nefh`k kms eu`strfk bfaf aniuom= , ½Vuî bmjmr`s s` `epj`frmk `k bfaf aniuom= ½Bmk quî eft`rnfj`s jm cfiræk aniuofam y pnktfam= ½Vunîk cfiræ aniuofam `stms bufarms= (`j kmeir` a`j futmr `stfræ vnsnij` `k jf pfrt` nkd`rnmr a` bfaf bufarm) ½Bòem jm sfi`k) ½Fjhun`k jm bmkmb`=½A` aòka` s`ræ= ½Bòem br``k qu` fpr`kanò f aniuofr y pnktfr tfk imkntm= ½Vuî tîbknbf a` aniuom `epj`fræ `st` pnktmr=   Fkukbnm `j prmpòsntm a` jf s`snòk? s`snòk ? cmy bmkmb`r`ems y fpjnbfr`ems ukf a` jfs tîbknbfs a` aniuom qu` `epj`f uk pnktmr a` ku`strf r`hnòk.   Dnofems jfs kmrefs a` bmkvnv`kbnf?

     

Qrftfems bmk r`sp`tm f jms a`eæs. Y`sp`tfems y fpr`bnfems jf br`fvnafa a` bfaf ukm. Efkt`k`ems `j fujf jnepnf y mra`kfaf.

A@RFYYMJJM >7±

@k Hrupm bjfs` FKQ@R A@ JF J@BQPYF W`hm `k jf pnzfrrf uk pfp`jmt` bmk jf `j t`xtm a` jf inijnmhrfdåf y jf dmtm a`j futmr a` jfs pnkturfs mis`rvfafs.   Anfjmhfems? ½Buæj `s `j tåtujm a`j t`xtm qu` j``r`ems= ½A` quî br``k qu` trftfræ `j t`xtm= ½Vunîk s`ræ `j a` jf dmtm `k `j t`xtm= ½Vuî br``k qu` s` anræ a` îj `k `j t`xtm=  D`jnbntm pmr sus pfrtnbnpfbnmk`s y pr`anbbnmk`s. @ktr`hm f bfaf knöm `j ensem t`xtm a`j pfp`jmt`.(v`r fk`xm 9)

APYFKQ@ JF J@BQPYF  

Y`fjnzm jf j`bturf a`j pfp`jmt` bmk tmaf jf bjfs`.

@k dmref nkanvnaufj?  

Irnkam uk tn`epm pfrf qu` r`fjnb`k jf j`bturf snj`kbnmsf.

@k pfr`ofs?

 

Ju`hm pfsfræk f jf pnzfrrf pmr pfr`ofs cmemhîk`fs (a`j ensem knv`j a` j`bturf) y j``ræk `j t`xtm a`j pfp`jmt`. D`jnbntm sus j`bturfs y jms fjn`ktm f s`hunr prfbtnbfkam.

 

A@RWPÎR A@ JF J@BQ J@BQPYF PYF

@k Hrupm bjfs` ?  

Bmktnkufems anfjmhfkam? ½A` quî trftf `j t`xtm qu` j`åems=,½Aòka` kfbnò `st` pnktmr= ½Aòka` `stuanò su prnefrnf y s`bukafrnf=,½Vuî j` hustfif cfb`r= ½Vuî mtrfs bmsfs cfbåf bufkam `rf uk knöm=, ½Wfrf quî du` f Nquntms= ½Vuî fpr`kanò fjjå=,½Buæktms cnoms tn`k`= ½Aòka` trfifoò bmem ef`strm a` @aubfbnòk Frtåstnbf=

@k dmref nkanvnaufj?  

A`sfrrmjjfk jfs pr`huktfs qu` s` `kbu`ktrfk `k jf pfrt` nkd`rnmr a`j t`xtm.

 

Tu`jvm f pr`huktfr jms åt`e 1 y 0 a` jf dnbcf.

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½Vuî tîbknbfs a` aniuom fpr`kanò `k jf @sbu`jf Rup`rnmr a` I`jjfs Frt`s= ½Bmkmb`s fjhukfs a` `stfs tîbknbfs a` aniuom= Ju`hm prmpmkhm bmkmb`r ukf a` îstfs tîbknbfs? ½J`s hustfråf bmkmb`r jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf= ½Bòem br``k qu` s`ræ `stf tîbknbf= ½Vuî `k`ka`k pmr jf pfjfirf bufaråbujf= @sbubcm y vfjmrm sus pfrbnpfbnmk`s y pr`anbbnmk`s. Eu`strm `k jf pnzfrrf uk pfp`jmt` bufarnbujfam bmk ukf nefh`k y cfhm jf a`emstrfbnòk a` bòem a`sfrrmjjfr îstf tîbknbf. QÎBKNBF A@ JF BPFAYÅBPJF

 

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Y`fjnzm nkt`rrmhfkt`s pfrf bmeprmifr sn tmams cfk `kt`kanam jf tîbknbf.

BN@YY@ 90  

@ktr`hm f bfaf knöm y knöf ukf dnbcf a` trfifom y fpjnbfk jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf.(v`r  fk`xm 1)

 Fbmepföm y hunm `j  Fbmepföm `j trfifom f bfaf knöm knöm y knöf. W`hfk sus trfifoms `k su bufa`rkm a` aniuom.   Ju`hm anfjmhfems? ½J`s hustò jf fbtnvnafa a` cmy= ½Vuî fpr`kanems= ½Vuî andnbujtfa`s tuvn`rmk fj fpjnbfr jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf= ½Bòem jm sup`rfrmk=    

MIR@YTFBNMK@R? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

---------------------------------------Eh. ^fanrf E Q`jjm Ymaråhu`z   Ruianr`btmrf prnefrnf

------------------------------------I`rtcf Bmrrfj`s Vunkt`rms Wrmd`smrf a` fujf

 

FK@SM 6 JNRQF A@ BMQ@OM BMEW@Q@KBNF? FWY@BNF A@ EFK@YF BYÅQNBF EFKND@RQFBNMK@R FYQÅRQNBM - BPJQPYFJ@R. W`rbni` efknd`stfbnmk`s efknd`stfbnmk`s frsbm ‒bujturfj`s y s` nknbnf `k `jjf e`anfkt` jf tîbknbf a` jf bufaråbujf.

K· Kmeir` y fp`jjnams

76 FBMRQF DFRFIN OPFK FJ@SFKA@Y

79 FY@KFR RCFWNFEF @ENJNFKM YPI@K

72 BFRQYM TNJJFKP@TF AFKNJM YFDF@J

71 IYNB@ÖM HFYBÅF TFJ@KQNKF FKH@J^

70 ANF_ BFBCNVP@ WNQ@Y

74 HFYBÅF FBPÖF JPNR FKQMKNM

78 HME@_ HMK_FJ@R FKF DJFTNF

73 HME@_ Y@ÆQ@HPN PJNB@R R@IFRQNFK

7> 67

C@YY@YF RNJTF J@FKAYM IFYFBL NYNHMNK HFYBÅF OFEWN@YR

66 E@KA@_ EFYNBFCPF FKK^ RFYNQF

69 ENY@R E@ANKF OMYH@ JPNR

62 EM_MEINQ@ RFJFR JN_I@QC JMY@KF

61 ÖMKQMJ HFYB@R MRBFY H@YEFK

60 WFY@A@R FJTFYFAM YMJFKAM

64 68

W@_M YFEMR W@YB^ J@MKFYAM WNK@AM WN@YMJF B@RFY

63 WNRBM BYNRWNK O@FK WMMJ

6> YFENY@_ T@JF CNJFY^ ENY@^F

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@xpjnbff su @xpjnb suss na`fs na`fs y `xpr`s `xpr`sff jms s`ken`ktms qu` j` Y`prmaub` aub` neæh`k`s neæh`k`s h`k`rfk h`k` rfk jfs efknd`stf efknd`stfbnmk` bnmk`ss  Y`prm `epj`fkam jf tîbknbf frsb fr sbms ms ‒ bujtur bujturfj` fj`s, s, bmk a` jf bufaråbujf. ifs` `k sus mis`rvfbnmk`s y `xp`rn`kbnfs.

 

97 YNTFRWJFQF QMYY@R ENJFA^ AF^FE@

96 RÆKBC@_ FBPÖF O@D@YRRMK OCMR@W

99 RÆKBC@_ RÆKBC@_ OFYPEN

92 QFKFKQF CPFEÆKOPJBF ENYNFE FINHFNJ

91 Q@YYMK@R N_PN_F AFTN IF^YMK

90 QP@RQF ANF_ FKH@J

94 KMÎ

98 93 9>

FK@SM 9 INMHYFDÅF A@ VPNENRQMK VPNKQ@YMR HFYBÅF   Vunenstmk Vunkt`rms Hfrbåf kfbnò `k `j anstrntm a` Rfub` `k `j föm

6>18< fjjå `stuanò jf prnefrnf y s`bukafrnf. A`sa` euy p`qu`öm `ep`zò f aniuofr y pnktfr pmrqu` `rf jm qu` eæs j` hustfif hustfif cfb`r< p`rm tfeinî tfeinîk k fyua fyuafif fif f su suss pfar pfar`s `s `k jfs jf jfimr` imr`ss a` jf bcf bcfbrf brf y r`pfsfif sus j`bbnmk`s qu` su ef`strm j` `ks`öfif. Bufkam t`kåf 68 föms< vnfoò f Nquntms pfrf `stuanfr `k jf @sbu`jf Rup`rnmr a` I`jjfs Frt`s y p`rd`bbnmkfr su dm dmref ref a` aniuofr y pnktfr. pnktfr. @k `s` b`ktrm a` `stuanms, fpr`kanò eubcfs tîbknbfs a` aniuom y pnkturf pnktu rf bmem? jf tîbknb tîbknbff a`j aniuom f jæpnz< tîbk tîbknbf nbf a` jf fbufr`jf fbufr`jf,, tîbknbf a`j smeirfam, tîbknbf a`j aniuom `k bufaråbujf, `tb. Fj kfjnzfr sus `stuanms sup`rnmr`s, r`tmrkò f Qfrfpmtm pfrf trfifofr bmem ef`strm a` @aubfbnòk Frsbf `k jf Nkstubnòk @aubfvf Oufk Oneîk`z Wne`kt`j. R` bfsò y tuvm tr`s cnoms< ukm a` `jjms tfeinîk s` a`anbò fj frt` a`j aniuom y jf pnkturf. @k jf fb fbtu tufj fjna nafa fa