1 13.8 Kv. 1 69 KV

October 11, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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G^ 5>;? CGJG[@QMLJ, Q[@JUDMUUMLJ @JA AMUQ[MKWQMLJ Eh`ptgr (0) [gprgsgjt`tmlj lo ^lwgr Uystgds

(0) Qhrgg p`rts lo ` smjcig ph`sg gigetrme systgd `rg agsmcj`tga @,K `ja E `rg eljjgetga tl gèh lthgr thrluch tr`jsolrdgr `s shlwj mj omc. Qhg tr`jsolrdgr `rg r`tg `s oliilws6 @-K 0>>,>> F_@ , 05.8 ― 058 F_ ig`f`cg rgèt`jeg 0> % K-E 0>>,>> F_@, ?= ― 058 F_ ,ig`f`cg rgèt`jeg 8% Mo thg k`sg mj emreumt K ms ehlsgj e hlsgj `s 0>>,>> F_@, 058 F_ , omja thg pgr ujmt mdpga`jeg lo thg 5>>ℯ rgsmstmvg ilà mj emreumt E rgogrrga tl emreumt E,K `ja @ . Ar`w thg mdpga`jeg am`cr`d jgcigetmjc d`cjgtmzmjc eurrgjt tr`jsolrdgr rgsmst`jeg `ja mdpga`jeg. Agtgrdmjg Agtgrdmjg thg vlit`cg rgcui`tmlj mo thg vlit`cg `t thg ilà ms ??F_ wmth thg `ssudptmlj th`t thg vlit`cg mjput tl emreumt @ rgd`mj eljst`jt .

Uliutmlj, K`sg vlit`cg olr emreumt @ 4 058 x K`sg vlit`cg olr emreumt E 4 058 x K`sg vlit`cg olr emreumt E 4 4

0 0> 0 ;

4 05.8 f_

4 ?= f_

(K`sg f_) ; Ó0>>> K`sg f_@ ?= ; Ó0>>> 0>>,>>

4 13?ℯ

5>>

^gr-ujmt mdpga`jeg lo ilà mj emreumt E 4 K`sg mdpga`jeg lo emreumt K

4>.?5 p.u

13? 058 ; Ó0>>>

4

0>>,>>>

401>>ℯ

Mdpga`jeg lo ilà rgogrrga tl emreumt K 4 5>> x ; 40;>>ℯ ;

^gr- ujmt mdpga`jeg lo ilà mj emreumt K 4 K`sg mdpga`jeg lo emreumt @

4

0;>>

l.?5 p.u

0=>> 05.8 ; Ó0>>> 0>>,>> ;

4 0=ℯ ;

έ

Mdpga`jeg lo ilà rgogrrga tl emreumt @4 5>> x ; x >.0 4 0;

^gr-ujmt mdpga`jeg lo ilà mj emreumt @4

_lit`cg `t ilà 4

0; 0=

4>.?5 p.u

??

4 >.=73 +bl p.u ?= >.=73 + bl 4 0.7; + bl p.u Ilà eurrgjt 4 >.?5 + bl

_lit`cg mjput 4 (0.7; + bl) (bl .0 +bl.>8) + >.=73 4 >.=73 + bl.;31 4>.==7p.u >.==7 ∛ >.=73 5.=3% _lit`cg rgcui`tmlj 4 >.=73 (;) @5>>,>> F_@ 05.8 F_ 5Ǻ cgjgr`tlr h`s ` suk tr`jsmgjt rgèt`jeg lo 07%. Qhg cgjgr`tlr suppimgs twl dltlrs lvgr ` tr`jsdmssmlj imjg h`vmjc tr`jsolrdgr `t klth gjas `s shlwj lj thg imjg am`cr`d lo omc. Qhg dltlr h`vg r`tga mjputs lo ;>>,>> `ja 0>>,>> F_@, klth 0;.7F_ wmth X— 4 ;> % 5 Ǻ. Qr`jsolrdgr Q 0 ms r`tga 57,>>> F_@, 05.; Α ― 007 Χ F_ wmth ig`f`cg rgèt`jeg lo 0>%. Qr`jsolrdgr Q ; ms eldplsga lo 5 smjcig ph`sg tr`jsolrdgr gèh r`tga 0>>,>> F_@, 0;.7 ― ?3 F_ wmth ig`f`cg rgèt`jeg lo 0;%. Ugrmgs rgèt`jeg lo thg tr`jsdmssmlj imjg ms 8> έ. Ar`w thg rgèt`jeg am`cr`d wmth ìi rgèt`jeg d`rfga mj pgr-ujmt. Ugiget thg cgjgr`tlr cgjg r`tlr r`tmjc `s k`sg mj cgjgr`tlr emreumt.

Uliutmlj, 5∇ r`tmjc lo Q ; 4 5x 0>>,>> 4 5>>,>> f_@ Imjg tl imjg r`tmlj 4 0;.7 ― ?3 x −5 4 0;.7 ― 00? f_ @ k`sg lo 5>>,>> f_@, 05.8 F_ Mj tr`jsdmssmlj imjg , 05.8 x

007 05.;

4 0;> f_

Mj dltlr emreumt, 0;> x

0;.7 00?

40;.= f_

k`sg f_@ (jgw) k`sg f_(cmvgj) )x X 4 ^.W R cmvgj x ( k`sg f_(jgw) k`sg f_@ (cmvgj)

Qr`jsolrdgr, Q 0 X 4 >.0 x ( Q ; X 4 >.0 x (

05.; 05.8 0;.7 0;.=

;

5>>>>

;

57>>> 5>>>>

) x ) x

8> 18>

4>.>=1 p.u

57>>> ; 0;> Ó0>>>

Qhg k`sg mdpga`jeg lo tr`jsdmssmlj imjg 4 [gèt`jeg lo imjg 4

4 >.>381 p.u

5>>>>

4 18>έ

4 >.0?3 p.u

[gèt`jeg lo dltlr 0 4 >.; x (

0;.7 0;.=

;

) x

5>>>> ;>>>>

4 >.;8; p.u

; [gèt`jeg lo dltlr ; 4 >.; x ( 0;.7 ) x 5>>>> 4 >.7?5 p.u.

0;.=

0>>>>

(5) @ cgjgr`tlr r`tga 0>> D_@ , 05.;f_ wmth X— 4 ;> % ms eljjgetga thrluch ` Α-Χ tr`jsolrdgr tl ` tr`jsdmssmlj imjg whlsg sgrmgs rgèt`jeg ms 1> έ . Qhg k`sg ehlsgj olr eìeui`tmlj ms ;>> D_@ , 007F_ mj tr`jsdmssmlj imjg . Agtgrdmjg thg cgjgr`tlr `ja tr`jsolrdgr rgèt`jeg mj-pgr ujmt olr rgèt`jeg am`cr`d (`) mo thg tr`jsolrdgr ms ` 5 ∇ ujmt r`tga 05.8Α - 0;>Χ f_ , 0>>D_@ wmth X48% `ja (k) mo thg tr`jsolrdgr ms eldplsga lo thrgg smjcig ph`sg gèh r`tga 05.8f_ ― ?=f_, 57,>>> f_@ . @isl agtgrdmjg thg pgr- ujmt rgèt`jeg lo thg tr`jsdmssmlj imjg lj thg ehlsgj k`sg .

Uliutmlj,

K`sg ;>>D_@ , 007f_ mj tr`jsdmssmlj imjg K`sg vlit`cg olr cgjgr`tlr emreumt 4 007 x (`) Olr cgjgr`tlr , p.u.z

4b>.;x(

Olr tr`jsolrdgr p.u.z (H.Q) 4 b>.>8 x (

05.8

4 05.;;7 f_

0;> 05.;

;

) x

;>>

05.;;7 0>> 0;> ; ;>> 007

) x

0>>

4 b>.1 p.u

4 b>.031; p.u Olr tr`jsolrdgr p.u.z (I.Q) 4 b>.>8 x ( 05.8 ) ; x ;>>

0>>

05.;;7

4 b>.031; p.u (k) 5∇ r`tmjc lo Α ― Χ Qr`jsolrdgr 4 5 x 57,>>> f_@ 05.8Α 4 ?= x K`sg vlit`cg olr cgjgr`tlr emreumt 4 007 x Olr cgjgr`tlr , p.u z 4 b>.; x (

05.; 05.;8

;

) x

Olr tr`jsolrdgr p.u z (H.Q) 4 bl.>8 x ( Olr tr`jsolrdgr p.u z (I.Q) 4 bl.>8 x (

1> ??.0;7

5 ;>>

Ó ?=

05.;8 f_

4 b>.5=7 p.u

0>> 5 Ó ?=

05.;8

4 p.u z lo tr`jsolrdgr imjg 4

05.8

007 05.8

K`sg mdpga`jeg olr tr`jsdmssmlj imjg 4

5 Χ

;

;

) x

) x

;>>

0>> ;>>

5 Ó 57

k`sg f_ ; Ó0>> k`sg f_@

007 ; Ó0>>> ;>> Ó0>>>

4 b>.?>7 p.u

4 b>.0?1? p.u

4b>.0?1 p.u

4 ??.0;7έ

(1) @ 07,>>> F_@ 8.7 thrgg ph`sg cgjgr`tlr h`s ` suk-tr`jsmgjt rgèt`jeg lo ;>% .Mt ms eljjgetga thrluch ` Α ― Χ tr`jsolrdgr tl ` hmch vlit`cg tr`jsdmssmlj imlj h`vmjc ` tltì sgrmgs rgèt`jeg lo 3> lhds. @t thg ilà emreumt lo thg imjg ms ` Χ ― Χ stgp alwj tr`jsolrdgr. Klth tr`jsolrdgrs k`jf `rg eldplsga lo smjcig ph`sg tr`jsolrdgr eljjgetga olr thrgg ph`sg lpgr`tmlj. Gèh lo thg thrgg tr`jsolrdgrs eldplsmjc gèh .K`jf ms r`tga ?,??3 F_@, 0>-0>> F_ wmth ` rgèt`jeg lo 0>%. Qhg ilà rgprgsgjtga `s mdpga`jeg ms ar`wmjc 0>,>>> F_@ `t 0;.7F_ `ja 8>% plwgr oètlr i`ccmjc. Ar`w ` plsmtmvg sgqugjeg am`cr`d shlwmjc ìi mdpga`jegs mj pgr-ujmt. Ehlsg ` k`sg lo 0>,>>> F_@, 0;.7F_ mj thg ilà emreumt. Agtgrdmjg thg vlit`cg `t thg tgrdmjìs lo thg cgjgr`tlr. cg jgr`tlr.

Uliutmlj, Ehllsg k`sg 0>,>>> f_@ , 0;.7 f_ lo thg ilà emreumt K`sg f_ olr imjg

4 0;.7 x

K`sg f_ olr cgjgr`tlr

40;7 x

Olr cgjgr`tlr , p.u z

4 >.; x (

Olr tr`jsolrdgr Q 0 p.u z

4 >.0 x (

0>> Ó 5 0> Ó 5 0>

4 0;7 fS

4 30; f_

5 Ó0>> 8.7 ; 0> 3.; 0> 3.;

) x ;

) x

4 >.0878 p.u

07 0>,>>>

5 Ó ???3

4 >.>=? p.u Olr Qr`jsolrdgr Q ; p.u z

4>.0 x (

0> Ó 5 0;.7

;

) x

0,>>>> 5 Ó ???3

4>.>=? p.u K`sme mdpga`jeg lo tr`jsdmssmlj imjg 4 p.u z Olr tr`jsdmssmlj imjg

4

0;7

;

Ó0>>>

0>>,>> 3> 07?;.7

4 07?;.7έ

4l.l118 p.u

b>.>=?

b>.>118

b>.>=?

b>.0878

b0 +

Gc

-

p.u vlit`cg 4

0;.7 0;.7

4 0 p.u

p.u z

4 >.8 + b>.?

p.u M

4

0 >.8 + bl.?

cgjgr`tlr tgrdmjì vlit`cg 4 0+

0 >.8 + b >.?

4 0. 0.07 078 8 =. =.1; 1;

(b>.;53)

p. p.u u

(7) Qhg ljg imjg am`cr`d lo `j ujilàga plwgr systgd mj omc . rgèt`jeg lo thg twl sgetmlj lo tr`jsdmssmlj imjg `rg shlwj lj thg am`cr`d . Qhg cgjgr`tlr `ja tr`jsolrdgrs `rg r`tga `s oliilws6 Cgjgr`tlr

Qr`jsolrdgr

(0) 6 ;>,>>> f_@ , ?.= f_ , X‵ 4 >.07 p.u (;) 6 0>,>>> f_@ , ?.= f_ , X‵ 4 >.07 p.u (5) 6 5>,>>> f_@ , 05.8 f_ , X‵ 4 >.07 p.u

Α Χ (Q 0 ) 6 ;7,>>> f_@ , ?.= ― 007 f_ , X 4 0>% (Q ; ) 6 0;,7>> f_@ , ?.= Α ― 007 Χ f_ , X 40>% (Q 5 ) 6 smjcig ph`sg ujmt gèh r`tga 0>,>>> f_@ 3.7 f_ , X 40>%

Ar`w thg mdpga`jeg am`cr`d wmth ìi rgèt`jeg d`rfga mj pgr ujmt `ja wmth igttgrs tl mjame`tg plmjt elrrgspljamjc tl thg ljg ― imjg am`cr`d , ehllsg ` k`sg lo 5>,>>>f_@ , ?.= f_ mj thg emreumt lo cgjgr`tlr (0)

K B0>>ℯ

@

0

;>D_@ ?.=F_ X— 4 >.7

E

G

5 ]

;7D_@ ?.= -007_ X 4 0>% ;7D_@ ?.= ] X— 4 0>%

007]F_

5>D_@ ]05.8F_ X— 4 >.07

5 0>D_@

?.=F_ 0;D_@ A X 4 0>%

5

37]

Ó

∛

5

Ó

3.7

f_

; 0>>D_@ ?.=F_ X— 4 >.07

Uliutmlj, 5∇ r`tmjc lo Q 5 4 5x0> D_@

4 5> D_@

Imjg tl imjg vlit`cg r`tml

4

5 x 37 _ 0 -

5 x 3.7 _ 0 - 8 F_

Ehllsg ` k`sg lo 5> D_@ , ?.= f_ K`sg f_ olr tr`jsdmssmlj imjg

4 ?.= x 007 4 007 f_

K`sg f_ olr cgjgr`tlr (;)

4 007 x

K`sg f_ olr cgjgr`tlr (5)

4 007

Olr cgjgr`tlr (0), p.u z

4 b>.07 x (

Olr cgjgr`tlr (;), p.u z

4 b>.07 x (

Olr cgjgr`tlr (5), p.u z Olr Qr`jsolrdgr Q0 Olr Qr`jsolrdgr Q; Olr Qr`jsolrdgr Q5 K`sg mdpga`jeg lo tr`jsdmssmlj imjg

?.= ?.=

4 ?.= f_

007 5 Ó 3.7 5

Ó 37 ?.=

4 00.7 f_

);

Ó

);

Ó

; 4 b>.0 x (05.8 )

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?.= ?.= ?.=

5>

4 b>.;;7 p.u

;> 5>

4 b>.;;7 p.u

0>

5> 4 b>.;0? p.u 5> 5>

00.7 ?.= ; 4 b>.0 x ( ) Ó 4 b>.0; p.u ;7 ?.= 5> ?.= ; 4 b>.0 x ( ) Ó 4 b>.;7 p.u 0; ?.= 5 Ó 37 ; 5> 4 b>.0 x ( ) Ó 4 b>.0;8 p.u 5> 007 4

(k`sg f_ ) ;

Ó 0>>>

k`sg f_@

4

(007) ;

Ó 0>>>

5> Ó 0>>>

4 11>.85 έ Olr b0>>έ imjg p.u z

4

Olr b8>έ imjg p.u z

4

b0>>

11>.85 b8>

11>.85

4 b >.;;3 p.u

4 b >.080 p.u

(?) Ar`w thg mdpga`jeg am`cr`d olr thg plwgr systgd shlwj mj omc6. D`rf mdpga`jegs mj pgr- ujmt- jgciget rgsmst`jeg `ja usg ` k`sg lo 7>,>>> f_@, 058 f_ mj thg 1> έ imjg. Qhg r`tmjc lo thg cgjgr`tlrs, dltlrs `ja tr`jsolrdgrs `rg, Cgjgr`tlr (0), ;>,>>> f_@, 05.; f_, x ※※ 4 07% Cgjgr`tlr (;), ;>,>>> f_@, 05.; f_, x ※※ 4 07% Uyjehrljlus dltlr (5) 5>,>>> f_@, ?.=f_, X   ※※ 4 ;>% Qhrgg ph`sg Χ ― Χ tr`jsolrdgr ;>,>>> f_@, 05.8_ 0 - 058 Χ f_, X 4 0>% Qhrgg ph`sg Χ ― Α tr`jsolrdgr 07,>>> f_@, ?.= Α - 058 Χ f_, X 4 0>% @ii tr`jsolrdgr `rg eljjgetga tl stgp up thg vlit`cg lo thg cgjgr`tlr tl tr`jsdmssmlj imjg vlit`cg.

Uliutmlj, Ehllsg ` k`sg lo 7>D_@, 058f_ mj thg 1>έ imjg k`sg f_ olr thg cgjgr`tlr (0) `ja (;) 4 058 Ó k`sg f_ olr syjehrljlus dltlr k`sg f_ olr thg ]-] tr`jsolrdgr k`sg f_ olr thg ]-Α tr`jsolrdgr

4 058 Ó

05.8 058 ?.=

4 05.8f_

4 ?.=f_

058 05.8 4 058 Ó 4 05.8f_ 058 ?.= 4 058 Ó 4 ?.=f_ 058 ;

⎖ 05.; ⎚ Ó 7> 4 B>.515 p.u olr thg cgjgr`tlr (0) `ja (;) p.uz 4 B >.07 Ó ⎙ ⎜ ⎔ 05.8 ⎮ ;> ; ?.= ⎚ 7> ⎖ olr syjehrljlus dltlr p.uz 4 B >.; Ó ⎙ ⎜ Ó 4 B>.555 p.u ⎔ ?.= ⎮ 5> ; 7> 05.8 ⎚ ⎖ olr 5∇, ]-] tr`jsolrdgr p.uz 4 B >.0 Ó ⎙ ⎜ Ó 4 B>.;7 p.u ;> ⎔ 05.8 ⎮; ⎖ ?.= ⎚ Ó 7> 4 B>.555 p.u olr 5∇, ]-Α tr`jsolr tr`jsolrdgr dgr p.uz 4 B >.0 Ó ⎙ ⎜ 07 ⎔ ?.= ⎮ B 1> Ó 7> olr 1> έ imjg p.uz 4 4 B >.0>7 p.u (058); B ;> Ó 7> 4 B >.>7;7 p.u olr ;> έ imjg p.uz 4 (058);

Eh`ptgr (;) Ugrmgs mdpga`jeg lo tr`jsdmssmlj imjgs

(3) Ljg emreumt lo ` smjcig ph`sg tr`jsdmssmlj imjg ms eldplsga lo thrgg slima >.;7 ed ràmus wmrgs. Qhg rgturj emreumt ms eldplsga lo twl >.7 ed ràmus wmrgs. Qhg `rr`jcgdgjt lo eljauetlrs ms shlwj mj omc. Omja thg mjauet`jeg lo thg eldpigtg imjg mj hgjrys pgr dgtgr (`ja mj dmiim- hgjrys pgr dmig).

Uliutmlj,

I x

4 ; Ó 0> ∛3 ij

Ad

As

As 4 5 A`` A`k Aè A kk Ak` Ake Aee Ae` Aek ;

-;

A`` 4 A kk 4 Aee 4 >.3388r 4 >.3388 x >.;7 x 0> A`k 4 A ke 4 Aek 4 A k` 4 ?d Aè 4 Ae` 4 0;d ∱As 4 >.180 d

Ad 4 j Aà  Aka Aea  A`g Akg Aeg d

Aà 4 A kg 4 1d Aea 4 07d A`g 4 A ka 4 Aeg 4

033 d

Ad 4 = Ó 033 Ó 07 Ó 033 Ó = Ó 033 4 00.=07 d -3

Ix 4 ; x 0> ij

00.=07 >.180

Olr elra ],

As 4 ; Aaa   Agg Aag Aga ;

Aag 4 Agg 4 >.3388r Aag 4 Aga 4 ?d

-3

4 ?.10= x 0> H/d

∱As 4 >.075 d Ad 4 00.=07 -3

Iy 4 ; x 0> ij

Ad

-3

4 8.30 x 0> H/d

As

I 4 Ix + Iy -3 4 07.0;= x 0> H/d

(8) @ thrgg ph`sg alukig ― emreumt imjg ms eldplsga lo 5>>,>>> (dmi ;?/3 @EU[ lstrmeh eljauetlrs `rr`jcga `s shlwj mj Omc. Omja thg ?> Hz mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg mj lhds pgr dmig pgr ph`sg. ( As 4 >.>;;=※) ^h`sg ^h` sg E (e (e -e )

^h`sg ^h` sg @ ((`` -` )

^h`sg ^h` sg K (k (k -k )

Uliutmlj,

∛3

I 4 ; Ó 0> ij

Adgq As

H/d

^h`sg @, `-`※ K, k-k※ E, e-e※ ^ A @K

4 j.d A`k A` k ※ A ` k※ A` k※ ※

A`k 4 0>.0 ot 4 Aak※ A`k※ 4 ;0.=※ 4 A`※  kk ^

A @K

4 ;Ó; 0>.0; Ó ;0.= ; 4 01.8※

4 j.d Ake Ake※ Ak※e Ak※e※

^

A KE

A ke 4 0>.0 ot 4 A k※e※ A ke※ 4 A k※e 4 ;0.=※

4 1 0>.0 ; Ó ;0.= ;

^

A KE

4 01.8※ ^ E@

A

4 j.d Ae` Aè※ A`※e Aa e※

Ae` 4 Ae※`※ 4 ;>※ Aè※ 4 A`※e 4 08※ ^ 3※ 4 08.= A E@

^ ^ ^ 4 1 A  @K Ó A KE Ó AE@

^

Adgq

4 0?.0※ Olr ph`sg @, k

AU@

4

A s a ` ∛ `※

As 4 >.>;;=※ a 4 ;?.=※ `-`

k ∱ A※ U@ 4 >.387※

Olr ph`sg K, k

AUK

4

A s a k∛k※

a k-k※ 4 ;0※ k 4 >.?=5※ ∱ A UK

Olr ph`sg K, ae-e※ 4 ;?.=※ k ∱ A UE 4 >.387※

A kUgq

4 5 >.387 ; Ó >.?=5 4 >.375※ ^

∛3

I 4 ; Ó 0> ij 4 ; Ó 0>

∛3

Adgq

ij -3

k

AUgq

H/d

0?.0 >.375

4 ?.05 x 0> H/d/^ Xi 4 ;ώoi -3

4 x ?.05 x 0> x 0?>= ώ x ?>έ/dm/^ 4; >.53;

(=) @ smjcig ph`sg ?> Hz plwgr imjg ms supplrtga lj ` hlrmzljtì erlss `rd. Upèmjc kgtwggj eljauetlrs ms ;.7d. @ tgigphljg imjg ms supplrtga lj ` hlrmzljtì erlss `rd 0.8d amrgetiy plwgr imjg wmth ` spèmjc lo 0.>d kgtwggj thg egjtgrs lo mts eljauetlrs. Omja thg dutuì mjauet`jeg kgtwggj thg plwgr imjg `ja tgigphljg emreumts `ja thg ?> Hz vlit`cg pgr fmildgtgr mjauega mj thg tgigphljg imjg mo thg eurrgjt mj thg plwgr imjg ms 07>@.

Ϗ`

Ϗ k

Uliutmlj, Aug tl M`, oiux ig`f`cg Aà 4 A ke 4 Aè 4 A ka 4

ea

4 ; Ó 0> ∛3 M ` ij

Aà Aè

+ (0.;7 + >.7) ; 4 ;.70d 0.8; + (0.;7 ∛ >.7) ; 4 0.=7d 0.8 ;

Aug tl M`,

ea

Aug tl M k,

ka

4 +; Ó 0> ∛3 M ` ij

;.70

0.=7 ;.70 4 ∛; Ó 0> ∛3 M ` ij 0.=7

` k Umjeg M` `ja M k `rg 08>¾ lut lo ph`sg, ;.70 thg tltì oiux (aug tl klth M `ja M ) ∛3 4 1 Ó 0> M ` ij ea ( tltì )

0.=7

Dutuì mjauet`jeg, D 4

ea

M `

∛3

4 1 Ó 0> M ` ij

;.70 0.=7

-3

4 0.>>=8 x 0> H/d ?> Hz tgigphljg emreumt _/fd olr 07>@ _ea 4 ;ώo DM` -3 5 4 ;ώ x ?> x 0.>>=8 x 0> x 07> x 0> 4 7.30 _/fd

(0>) Omja thg C[D lo gèh lo thg ujeljvgjtmljì eljauetlrs shlwj mj Omc2 mj tgrds lo thg ràmus lo thg mjamvmauì str`jas.

Uliutmlj6 (`)

A`` 4 A kk 4Aee 4 Aaa 4 >.3388r A`k 4 Aà 4 A ke 4 Aea 4 Aa` 4 Aae 4 A k` 4 Aek 4 ;r

8r

Aè 4 Ae` 4 A ka 4 Aak 4

∱ As 4 CD[ 4 0? (>.3388r) 1 (;r) 8 (

8r) 1 4 0.3;;8r

(k)

A`` 4 A kk 4Aee 4 Aaa 4 >.3388r A`k 4 Aà 4 A ke 4 Aea 4 Aa` 4 Aae 4 A k` 4 Aek 4 ;r Aè 4 Ae` 4

;

;r ;   ∛ r ; 4

∱ As 4 CD[ 4

0?

;

5r

(>.3388r) 1 (;r)0> ( ; 5r) 1 4 0.?=;r

(e)

A`` 4 A kk 4Aee 4 >.3388r A`k 4 A ke 4 A k` 4 Aek 4 ;r Aè 4 Ae` 4 1r =

∱ CD[ 4

5

1

;

(>.3388r ) (;r ) (1r ) 4 0.3>53r

(a) ` k

o

e

g a

A`` 4 A kk 4Aee 4 Aaa 4 Agg 4 Aoo  4 4 >.3388r A`k 4 A k` 4 A ke 4 Aek 4 Aea 4 Aae 4 Aag 4 Aga 4 Ago 4 Aog 4 Ao` 4 Aò 4 Aok 4 A ko 4 A ka 4 Aak 4 Aao  4 Aoa 4 ;r Aè 4 Ae` 4 A`g 4 Ag` 4 Aeg 4 Age 4 1r

∛ (;r ) ; 4 0;r   ; ; A ke 4 Aek 4 Aeo  4 Aoe 4 ; ;r    ∛ r 4 ; ( 1r ) ;

Aà 4 Aa` 4

∱ CD[ 4

5?

5r

(>.3388r) ? (;r) 08 (1r) ? ( 0;r) ; ( ; 5r) 1 4 ;.0r

(00) @ thrgg ph`sg ?> Hz imjg h`s oi`t hlrmzljtì spèmjc. Qhg eljauetlrs h`s ` C[D lo >.>055 wmth 0>d kgtwggj àbègjt eljauetlrs. Agtgrdmjg thg mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg pgr ph`sg mj lhds pgr fmildgtgr. Sh`t ms thg j`dg lo thms eljauetlr< Uliutmlj,

As 4 >.>055 Ad4

5

A0; A ;5 A05

A0; 4 A;5 4 0>d ∱ Ad 4 0;.?d -3

Mjauet`jeg pgr ph`sg, I 4 ; x 0> ij -3

4 ; x 0> ij -?

Ad As

0;.? >.>055

4 0.53 x 0> H/d -5 4 0.53 x 0> H/fd Mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg 4 ;ώoi -5 4 ;ώ x ?> x 0.53 x 0> 4 >.70?3 έ/fd

(0;) Eìeui`tg thg mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg mj lhd pgr fmildgtgr lo ` kujaig ?> Hz thrgg ph`sg imjg h`vmjc thrgg @EU[ [`mi eljauetlrs pgr kujaig wmth 17ed kgtwggj eljauetlrs lo thg kujaig. Qhg spèmjc kgtwggj kujaig egjtgr ms =, = `ja 08 (A s4>.>58?※) Uliutmlj,

As 4 >.>58?※

A4 17ed, k s

A

4

4

Asa

>.>58? Ó >.5>18 Ó >.17

4 >.>3;8d Ad 4

5

= Ó = Ó 08 4 00.51d 00.51 -3

∱ XI 4 ;ώ x ; x 0>

ij

-1

4 5.8 x 0> έ/d 4 >.58 έ/fd

>.>3;8

(05) @ ?>Hz thrgg ph`sg imjg eldplsga lo `j @UE[ Kiugb`y eljauetlr pgr ph`sg h`s oi`t hlrmzljtì spèmjc lo 00d kgtwggj àbègjt eljauetlrs. Eldp`rg thg mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg mj lhd pgr fmildgtgr pgr ph`sg lo thms imjg th`t lo ` imjg usmjc ` twl eljauetlr kujaig lo @UE[ ;?/3 eljauetlrs h`vmjc thg s`dg tltì erlss sgetmljì `rg` lo ìudmjmud `s thg smjcig ph`sg eljauetlr imjg `ja 00d spèmjc dg`surga orld thg egjtgr lo thg kujaigs. Qhg spèmjc kgtwggj eljauetlrs mj thg kujaig ms 1>ed.(As 4 >.>107※) Uliutmlj,

As 4 >.>107※ Olr 5> imjgs, Agq 4

5

00 Ó 00 Ó ;; 4 05.8?d -3

Mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg, rgèt`jeg, XI 4 ;ώ x ?> x ; x 0> ij

05.8? >.>107 Ó >.5>18

4 7.;3 x 0> έ/d 4 >.7;3 έ/fd -1

k s

Olr ; kujaig, 0> eljauetlr, A 4 >.>107 Ó >.5>18 Ó >.1 4 >.>3005d Ad 4 00d

-3

XI 4 ;ώ x ?> x ; x 0> ij

00 >.>3005

4 5.8 x 0> έ/d 4 >.58 έ/fd -1

Eldp`rg wmth twl eljamtmlj, 4

>.7;3 >.58

;> hlrmzljtì eljauetlr 4 0.5= tmdgs lo twl kujaig eljauetlrs.

(01) Umx eljauetlrs lo @UE[ Ar`fg eljstmtutg ` ?>Hz alukig emreumt thrgg ph`sg imjg `rr`jcga mj Omc. Qhg vgrtmeì spèmjc hlwgvgr ms 01※ thg iljcgr hlrmzljtì amst`jeg ms 5;※ `ja thg shlrt hlrmzljtì amst`jeg `rg ;7※. Omja thg mjauet`jeg pgr ph`sg pgr dmig `ja thg smx mjauetmvg rgèt`jeg mj lhd pgr dmig. ( A s 4 >.>535※)

Uliutmlj6 ^h`sg @, `-`※ K, k-k※ E, e-e※ ^

Olr A @K A`k 4 A `※k ※ 4

^ @K

A

4

01 ; + ;8.7 ; 4 50.375※

4

A 4 A `k※

01 ; + 5.7 ; 4 01.15※

`※k

1

01.15

;

Ó 50.375

;

4 ;0.1※ ^

Olr A KE A ke 4 A k※e ※ 4 A ke※ 4 A k※e 4 ^

A KE

; ; 01 + 5.7 4 01.15※

01 ; + ;8.7 ; 4 50.375※

4 ;0.1※ ^

Olr AE@ Ae` 4 Ae※`※ 4 ;8※

Ae`※ 4 Ae※` 4 ;7※ ^

AE@

41

;8 Ó ;7 4 ;?.1?※ ;

;

^ ^ ^ 4 1 A  @K Ó A KE Ó AE@

^

Adgq

4 ;;.=3※ Olr ph`sg k@,

AU@

4

a`-`※ 4

A s a ` ∛`※

;8 ; Ó;7 ; 4 53.75?※

k ∱ A U@ 4 0.085※

Olr ph`sg K, k

AUK

4

A s a k ∛k※

a k-k※ 4 5;※ k 4 0.>=;※ ∱ A UK

Olr ph`sg kE,

AUE

4

A s a e∛e※

ae-e※ 4 a`-`※ 4 53.75?※ k 4 0.085※ ∱ A UE

k

AUgq

4 5 0.085 ; Ó 0.>=; 4 0.07;※ ^

∛3

I 4 ; Ó 0> ij

Adgq k

AUgq

H/d

4 ; Ó 0> ∛ 3 ij ;;.=3

0.07;

-3

4 7.== x 0> H/d XI4 ;ώoi -3 4 ;ώ x ?> x 7.== x 0> έ/d/^h -1 4 ;.;7? x 0> x 0?>= 4 >.5?5 έ/d/ph`sg

Eh`ptgr (5) E`pèmt`jeg lo Qr`jsdmssmlj Imjg (07) Omja thg e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg olr 0 dm lo thg imjg `s shlwj mj Omc. Mo thg igjcth lo thg imjg ms 037 dm `ja thg jlrdì lpgr`tmjc vlit`cg ms ;;>f_, omja thg e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg tl jgutrì olr thg gjtmrg igjcth lo thg imjg, thg eh`rcmjc eurrgjt pgr dm `ja thg tltì eh`rcmjc dgc`vlit-`dpgrgs. (r 4 >.771‵) X`” 4 >.=0; Ó 0>

;>

?

;>

Xa” 4 >.>?850 ilc a

58

Uliutmlj, Agq 4 Ej 4

5

;> Ó ;> Ó 58 4 ;1.8※,

r4

>.771 0;

4 >.>1?;※

;ώ f O/d tl jgutrì Agq ij( )

;ώ Ór 8.87 Ó 0> ∛0; -0; 4 4 8.81?? x 0> O/d ;1.8 ) ij( >.>1?; -0;

4 8.81?? x 0> x 0?>= O/dm XE 4

0 ;ώ  oe

4

0 8.81?? x 0> - 0; x 0?>=

4 >.08?1 x 0> έ/dm ? X`※ 4 >.>=0; x 0> ? Xa※ 4 >.>?850 ilc a 4 >.>?850 ilc ;1.8 4 >.>=75 x 0> ? Xe 4 X`※+ Xa※4 >.08?7 x 0> έ/dm tl jgutrì ?

Olr 037 dm, Xe 4

>.08?7 Ó 0> ? 037

4 0>??έ tl jgutrì

Mehc 4 ;ώo E`j_`j 4 ;ώ x ?> x

;;> Ó 0> 5 5

-0;

x 8.81?? x 0> x 0>?=

4 >.?80 @/dm Olr 037 dm, Mehc 4 >.?80 x 037 4 00=@ [gètmvg plwgr, P 4 4

5 _i Mehc 5 x ;;> x 0>5 x 00= 4 17.5 Dv`rs

(0?) Omja thg ?>Hz e`pèmtmvg susegpt`jeg tl jgutrì pgr dmig pgr ph`sg lo thg alukig emreumt imjg mj lstrmeh. ( r 4 >.>;85 ※)

Uliutmlj, r 4 >.>;85※ A@K 4

A`k A`k※ A ` ※k A` ※k ※

A`k 4 A` ※k※ 4

0> ; Ó 0.7 ; 4 0>.00

A`k※ 4 A` ※k 4

0> ; Ó 0=.7 ; 4 ;0.=

A@K 4 01.8※ AKE 4 A@K 4 01.8※ AE@ 4 0> ; Ó 08 ; 4 08.=3※ Agq 4 A @K A  KE AE@ 4 0?.0※

AU@ 4 ra ` ∛ ` ※ k

a`-`※ 4 08 ; Ó ;> ; 4 ;?.= k ∱ A U@ 4 >.>;85 Ó ;?.= 4 >.835※

AUK 4 ra k∛k※ 4 k

>.>;85 Ó ;0 4 >.33※

k AUE 4 ra e ∛e※ 4 >.>;85 Ó ;?.= 4>.835※

k

AUgq

k k 4 5 A U@k Ó A Ó AUE UK

4 >.853※ Ej 4

;ώ f Agq ij( ) As

;ώ Ó 8.87 Ó 0> ∛0; 4 0?.0 ij( >.853 )

-00

4 0.88>3 x 0> O/d -00 4 0.88>3 x 0> x 0?>= O/dm

0

KE 4

X E

0 4 ;ώoe 0

4

;ώ  oe 4 ;ώ x ?> x 0.88>3 x 0> x 0?>= 4 0.01>3 x 0>-7 dhl/dm tl jgutrì -00

(03) @ thrgg ph`sg ?> Hz tr`jsdmssmlj imjg h`s mts eljauetlr `rr`jcg mj ` trm`jcui`r olrd`tmlj sl th`t twl lo thg amst`jegs kgtwggj eljauetlrs `rg ;7 ※ `ja thmra ms 1;※. Qhg eljauetlrs `rg @UE[ . Lsprgy. Agtgrdmjg thg e`pèmt`jeg tl jgutrì mj dmerlo`rà pgr dmig `ja thg e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg tl jgutrì mj lhd-dmig. Mo thg imjg ms 07>dm iljc omja thg -0; e`pèmt`jeg tl jgutrì `ja e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg lo thg imjg. ( A 4 >.83= mj) f 4 8.87 x 0>

Uliutmlj,

>.83=

r4

4 >.>5??

; Ó 0; ;ώ f O/d E`j 4 Adgq ij r Ó 1; 4 ;=.3;※ Adgq 4 5 ;7 Ó ;7 ;ώ Ó 8.87 Ó 0> ∛0;

Ej4

Xe 4 4

ij

;=.3; >.>5??

0 ;ώ  oE j

-8

4 0.557 x 0> O/dm tl jgutrì

0 Ó 0> ∛5 ;ώ Ó ?> Ó 0.557 Ó 0> ∛8

4 0=8.?= f έ - dm tl jgutrì Olr 07> dm, -8 Ej 4 0.557 x 0> x 07> 4 ;.>>;7 ιO tl jgutrì XEj4 05;1.0?? έ

(08) Eìeui`tg thg e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg mj lhd ― fmildgtgr lo ` kujaig ?> Hz, 5> imjg h`vmjc thrgg @EU[ [`mi eljauetlrs pgr kujaig wmth 17ed kgtwggj eljauetlrs lo thg -0; kujaig. Qhg spèmjc kgtwggj kujaig egjtgrs ms =,= `ja 08d.(A 4 0.0?7mj)f 4 8.87 x 0> 17ed

17ed

=d

17ed

=d

Uliutmlj, A 4 0.0?7mj r4

0.0?7 Ó >.5>18

;1 ;ώ f E`j 4 Adgq ij k AU Adgq 4

5

4 >.>018d

= Ó = Ó 08 4 00.51d

k

As4

ra 4 >.>018 ∛0;Ó >.17 4 >.>80?d ;ώ Ó 8.87 Ó 0> E`j 4 00.51 ij >.>80? -0;

4 00.;3 x 0> O/d Xe 4 4

0 ;ώ  oE j

∛5 0>0; Ó 0>

;ώ Ó ?> Ó 00.;3

?

4 >.;571 x 0> έ fd/^ (0=) @ ?> Hz 5> imjg eldplsga lo ljg @EU[ Kiugb`y eljauetlr pgr ph`sg h`s oi`t hlrmzljtì spèmjc lo00d kgtwggj àbègjt eljauetlrs. Eldp`rg thg e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg mj lhd fmildgtgr pgr ph`sg lo thms imjg wmth th`t lo ` imjg usmjc ` twl eljauetlr kujaig lo @EU[ ;?/3 eljauetlrs h`vmjc thg s`dg tltì erlss sgetmljì `rg` lo ìudmjud `s thg smjcig eljauetlr imjg `ja thg 00d spèmjc dg`surga kgtwggj kujaigs. Qhg spèmjc -0; kgtwggj eljauetlrs mj thg kujaig ms 1>ed. (A 4 0.;7= mj) f 4 8.87 x 0> Uliutmlj,

A 4 0.;7= mj

r4

0.;7= Ó >.5>18 ; Ó 0;

4 >.>0?d

a 4 1>ed 4 >.1d Agq 4 k

As4

5

00 Ó 00 Ó ;; 4 05.8? d ra 4 >.>0? Ó >.1 4 >.>8d ∛0;

Ej 4

;ώ f 4 ;ώ Ó 8.87 Ó 0> 05.8? Agq ij ij k >.>8 AU

-00

4 0.>38 x 0> O/d tl jgutrì -00 4 0.>38 x 0> O/fd tl jgutrì Xej 4

0 ;ώ  oej

4 ;1? i f έ- fd tl jgutrì Olr s`dg tltì erlss-sgetmljì `rg` Omjeh, r 4

0.;=5 Ó >.5>18 ; Ó 0;

∛0;

ώ ώ Ej 4 ; f 4 ; Ó 8.87 Ó 0> 05.8? Agq ij ij >.>0?1; r

-=

4 8.;7;5 x 0> O/fd tl jgutrì Xej 4

0 ;ώ  oe j

4 5;0.157 f έ- fd tl jgutrì

Xej (smjcig eljauetlr) : Xej(kujaiga eljauetlr)

(;>) Umx eljauetlrs lo @EU[ Ar`fg eljstmtutg ` ?> Hz alukig emreumt thrgg ph`sg imjg `rr`jcga `s shlwj mj Omc. Qhg vgrtmeì spèmjc , hlwgvgr, ms 01ot thg iljcgr hlrmzljtì amst`jeg Hz `ja thg`ja shlrt amst`jegpgr `rgdmig ;7 ot. Omja thg`ja e`pèmtmvg rgèt`jeg tl jgutrìmsmj5;lhd-dmigs thghlrmzljtì eh`rcmjc eurrgjt pgr ph`sg pgr eljauetlr `t 058 f_. ( A 4 0.0>8‵)

Uliutmlj, Xe 4 .>1?03※

;7 ; + ;8 ; 4 53.71※

a ` ∛ `※ 4 AU@

0.0>8

4 0.50 ?※

?※ AU@ 4 AUE 4 0.50 k

k

Olr ph`sg K,

a k ∛ k※ 4 5;※ k

AUK

4

>.>1?03 Ó 5; 4 0.;077※

;※ AU 4 5 AU@ A UK AUE 4 0.;8 k

k

k

k

^

Olr A @K A`k 4 A ` ※k ※ 4 A`※  kk 4 ^

A KE

01 ; + 5.7 ; 4 01.15※

01 ; + ;8.7 ; 4 50.375※

^ 4   A @K 4 ;0.1※

Ae` 4 ;8ot 4 Ae※`※ Ae`※ 4 ;7 ot 4 Ae※` ^

AE@ ^

Agq

41

;8 ; Ó ;7 ; 4 ;?.1?※

^ ^ 4 1 A @K ^ Ó A Ó AE@ KE

4 ;;.=3※

;ώ Ó 8.87 Ó 0> ∛0; -0; 4 0=.;3 x 0> O/d Ej 4 ;;.=3 ij 0.;8; 0 0>0; Xe 4

4

;ώ  oe j

;ώ Ó ?> Ó?0=.;3 Ó 0?>=

4 >.807 x 0> έ-dm tl jgutrì

Mehc 4 ;ώo _`jE`j 4 ;ώ x ?> x

058 Ó 0> 5 5

x 0=.;3 x 0>

-0;

x 0?>=

4 >.>=38 @/dm

Eh`ptgr (1) U`c Eìeui`tmljs `ja Uldg Og`turgs Og` turgs lo Imchtgrs lo Imchtjmjc ^rltgetmljs

(;0) @ tr`jsdmssmlj imjg eljauetlr `t ` rmvgr erlssmjc ms supplrtga orld twl tlwgrs `t hgmchts lo 07>※ `ja 5>>※ `klvg w`tgr igvgi. Qhg hlrmzljtì amst`jeg kgtwggj thg tlwgrs ms 00>>※. Mo thg tgjsmlj mj thg eljauetlr ms 1;?> ik `ja thg eljauetlr wgmchts >.7=1 ik/ot, omja thg eig`r`jeg kgtwggj thg eljauetlr `ja thg w`tgr `t ` plmjt dmaw`y kgtwggj thg tlwgrs. @ssudg ^`r`klime eljomcur`tmlj. Uliutmlj,

y04 07>ot, y;4 5>>ot, ;i 4 00>>ot, Q 4 1;?> ik, Se 4 >.7=1 ik/ot h 4 y; - y0 4 5>>-07> 4 07>ot x0 4 i-

Qh

;Si 1;?> Ó 07>

4 77>

-

00> Ó >.7=1

x; 4 i+ Qh

;Si

4 -1;8 ot

4 77>

x4

4 07;8 ot

00> Ó >.7=1 x0 + x ; 1;8 + 07;8

a0 4 ´

A; 4 ´

a4

1;?> Ó 07>

+

; ; Sx0

4

4

4=38 ot

; >.7=1 Ó 1;8 ;

Q 4 0;.33 ; Ó 1;?> ot Sx;; >.7=1 Ó 07;8 ; 4

Q

SX ;

;Q

4

; Ó 1;?>

4 0?;.33 ot >.7=1 Ó =38 ; ; Ó 1;?>

4 ??.?81※

Orld plmjt K, Αa 4 a; ― a 4 0?;.33 ― ??.?81 4 =?.>=5 ※ Eig`r`jeg 4 y; - Αa 4 5>> ― =?.>=5 4 ;>5.=>3 ※

(;;) @j lvgrhgà imjg h`s thg oliilwmjc a`t`. Up`j igjcth 0?>d, eljauetlr am`dgtgr ; >.=7ed, wgmcht pgr ujmt igjcth lo thg eljauetlr >.?7 fc/d. Witmd`tg strgss 1;7> fc/ed , ; wmja prgssurg 1> fc/ed lo prlbgetga `rg`. Oètlr lo sògty ms 7. Eìeui`tg thg s`c. Uliutmlj ; ;0 40?>ed, am`dgtgr 4 >.=7ed, Se 4 >.?7Fc /d, duxmduj strgss 1;7>Fc/ed , ; Swmja 4 1> Fc / ed , U.O 4 7, U`c, a 4 < d`x mdud strgss U.O 4 wlrfmjc strgss Slrfmjc strgss 4

1;7> 7

;

4 87> Fc / ed

Slrfmjc tgjsmlj 4 87> Ó

ώa ; 4 87> Ó ώ Ó >.=7 ; 4 ?>;.7 fc

1 1 Swmja 4 1>fc/ed Ó >.=7 ed 4 58fc/ed 4 >.58fc/d ;

S

+ Sj; 4

Sv ;

4

;

a

4

0 SI ;

Q

4

>.?7 ;

>.37;= Ó 8> ; Ó ?>;.7

+ >.58 ; 4 >.37;= fc / d ;

4 5.==8d

(;5) @ tr`jsdmssmlj imjg eljauetlr h`vmjc ` am`dgtgr lo 0=.7dd wgmchts >.87fc/d. Qhg ; sp`j ms ;37d. Qhg wmja prgssurg ms 5= fc/d lo prlbgetga `rg` wmth meg el`tmjc lo 05dd. Qhg uitmd`tg strgjcth lo thg thg eljauetlr ms 8>>>fc . Eìeui`tg thg d`xmdud s`c mo mo thg oètlr lo sògty ms ; `ja meg wgmchts =0> fc/d5.

Uliutmlj Am`dgtgr 4 0=7dd, Se 4 >.87 fc/d, ;I 4 ;37d, wmja ^rgssurg 4 5=dd Duj 5 strgjcth 4 8,>>fc, D`x s`c a 4 fc/d lvgrìi am`dgtgr 4 am` + ;I 4 0.=7 + ;.? 4 1.77ed -; -; ; ^rlbgetga `rg` pgr wmrg igjcth 4 (1.77 Ó 0> )d Ó 0d 4 1.77Ó 0> d wmja ilà 4 5=fc ; -; ; /d Ó0> d 4 0.337fc/d

ώ (r + t ) ; ∛ ώ r ; -5 ; 4 0.5;3 Ó 0> d ; -5 ; Meg ilà 4 =0>fc/ d Ó 0.5;3 Ó 0> d 4 0.;>373 fc/ d ; S 4 ( Se + S meg ) ; + Swmja

Qhg `rg` lo sgetmlj lo meg 4

4 Slrfmjc strgss D`x s`c, a

4 4

(>.87 + 0.;>373) ; + (0.337) ; d`x mdudstrgg s.o SI ; ;Q

4

4

8>>> ;

;.303( ;37 / ;) ; ; Ó 1>>>

4 ;.303fc / d

4 1>>> fc

4 ?.1;0d

(;1) Eljsmagr `j mjsui`tlr dàg up lo thrgg plregi`mj amsfs `s mj Omc. Igt thg e`pèmt`jeg orld thg mjsui`tlr h`raw`rg tl thg imjg eljauetlr kg eljsmagrga jgcimcmkig . Igt thg e`pèmtmvg susegpt`jegs `t ` cmvgj orgqugjey h`vg thg vìugs shlwj mj Omc. Qhg imjgs mj Omc rgprgsgjt dgtì. Omja thg prlplrtmlj lo vlit`cg èrlss amsf.

Uliutmlj, Igt _0-1 4 G `ja _0-; 4 _

Kut,

M0-; 4 =Kv M; 4 5Kv M;-5 4 M0-;+ M; 4 =Kv + 5Kv 4 0;8_ M 0; Kv 1 _;-5 4 ;∛5 4 4 _ =K 5 =K 3 1 _0-5 4 _0-; + _; ― 5 4 v + _4 _ 5 5 01 3 K_ M5 4 _0-5 Ó ;K 4 _ Ó ;K 4 5 5 7> 01 K_ K_ 4 M5-1 4 M;-5 + M5 4 0;K_ + 5 5 M 7> 0 7> 005 _5-1 4 ;∛5 4 K_ Ó 4 _4 _ =K 5 =K ;3 ;3 _0-1 4 G 005 ;3

_4G

∱ _4

005 ;3

G 4 >.;5=G

∱ _0-;4 _4 >.;5=G _;-54 _5-14

1

_ 4

5 7>

;3 _0-14 G

1 5

_ 4

Ó >.;5=G 4 >.50=G 7> ;3

Ó >.;5=G 4 >.11;G

(;7) Omja thg prlplrtmlj lo vlit`cg lj gèh amsf lo thg 5 amsf suspgjsmlj mjsui`tlr shlwj mj Omc.

Uliutmlj, Igt _0-1 4 G `ja _0-; 4 _ M0-; 4 = K_ M; 4 5 K_ ” M; 4 K Ó _;-1 4 K (_0-1 - _0-;) 4 K (G-_) 4 KG ― K_ ∱ M;-5 4 M0-; + M; ― M;” 4 =K_ + 5 K_ ― (KG + K_) 4 05K_ ― KG 05 K_ ∛ KG 05_ ∛ G _;-5 4 4 8K = 05_ ∛ G ;;_ ∛ G _0-5 4 _0-; + _;-5 4 _ + 4 = = ;;_ ∛ G 11K_ ∛ ;KG M5 4 ;K_0-5 4 ;K Ó 4 = = M5※ 4 K Ó _5-1 4 K Ó (_0-1 ― _0-5) ;;_ ∛ G 4 K Ó (G ) = 4 0>K_ ∛= ;;G_

M5-14 M;-5 + M5 ― M5※ 4(05__ ― KG) + ( 4

085K_ ∛ ;0G_ = M 5∛1

11K_ ∛ ;KG =

)-(

0>K_ ∛ ;;G_ =

085K_ ∛ ;0G_

085_ ∛ ;0G

0

= Ó =K 4 _5-1 4 =K 4 ∱ 80G + 5>G 4 580_ 580 G4 _ 4 5.15; _ 000 _0∛; _ 4 ;=.01 % 4 _0∛1 5.15;_ _;∛5 _0∛1 _5∛1 _0∛1

4 4

)

05_ ∛ 5.15;_ =5.15;_

80

4G

4 5>.= %

085_ ∛ ;0 (5.15;_ )

4 5=.= %

80 Ó 5.15;_

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(`t ― ;>¾ O)

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ώ 1

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4 1>> ( 1>>,>>> Ó

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ώ

1

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⎡ ⎧ ⎯

1 13.8 Kv. 1 69 KV

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