07. CSFP-CLUP chapter 6.pdf

CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE (2007-2011)

Chapter

6

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework “Government can help in stabilizing the growth of economies by stimulating them through appropriate policies.” - John Maynard Keynes

6.1 Introduction:

S

ection 458 of Republic Act No 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991 gave the local government units (LGUs) the authority and likewise mandated them to prescribe reasonable limits and restraints on the use of property within their

territorial jurisdiction. The same law provided that these development limits and restraints will be embodied in a Zoning Ordinance, the basis of which is a Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). Thus, the CLUP and the ZO shall guide and determine the development direction of the local government unit which among others will be the basis for regulation of subdivision and housing development, industrial location, and reclassification of agricultural land to urban uses (i.e. residential, commercial, industrial institutional, etc.). And Rule VII, Article 41, (c) of the CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE (2007-2011)

same law states that “The Sangguniang Panlalawigan shall review the Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) and Zoning Ordinances (ZO) of component cities and municipalities and shall adopt comprehensive provincial land use plan, primarily based from the revised plans.”

Presented in this chapter is the proposed Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the City of San Fernando (P.) as well as the proposed policy frameworks that would govern how the CLUP will be implemented.

6.2 San Fernando City (P.) Proposed Land Distribution: Shown in Map 6.1 is the Proposed General Land Use Plan of the City of San Fernando (P.), the details of which are provided in the proposed Comprehensive Land Use Plan (Map 6.2). These proposed land uses are in harmony with the Grid and Multi-nodal Spatial Development Strategy of the City. The proposed general land use map broadly defined basic land uses such as i) built-up, ii) agricultural, iii) Agri-industrial, and iv) special uses. On the other hand, the proposed urban land use map, which is also referred to as the proposed comprehensive land use plan, detailed the built-up uses into residential, commercial, institutional, industrial as well the agricultural lands into the different Strategic Agriculture and Fishery Development Zones (SAFDZ), among others. In other words, the definition of urban land use as contained in the HLRB land use planning guidelines was expanded to include the details at the urban fringes.

In addition, the different land use activities contained in the proposed plan were further grouped into four (4) major categories, as follows: a) Settlements;

b)

Production Land Use;

c) Infrastructure Support; and

d)

Protected Land Use.

Table 6.1 shows the proposed land use distribution of the City as well as the respective land areas and shares of the major land use categories and specific uses relative to total land area.

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Table 6.1 Proposed Land Use Distribution of the City of San Fernando (P.) LAND USE CATEGORY

Estimated Area (Ha)

SETTLEMENT AREA Residential

1,604.41

SHARE TO TOTAL AREA (%) 23.68%

1,604.41

PRODUCTION AREA Strategic Agriculture & Fishery Development Zone (SAFDZ) Agricultural Lands Outside SAFDZ

23.68% 3,962.59

58.50%

1,500.00 1,675.50

22.14% 24.73%

88.56

Agri-Industrial/ Livestock Farm Industrial Zone/Area

358.06

5.29%

Commercial/Mix Use

340.47

5.03%

PROTECTED AREA Park/Open Space/Buffer/Historical Site

243.28

3.59%

21.25

0.31%

River and creek

109.00

1.61%

Swampy Area

113.03

1.67%

Road/Railway ROW SAFDZ Area

(766.91) (1,500.00)

INFRASTRUCTURE AREA Controlled Dumpsite Existing and Proposed Roads Right of Way (ROW) Railway System (ROW) Institutional Facility Cemetery TOTAL

6.2.1

----963.72

14.23%

10.00

0.15%

733.51

10.83%

33.40

0.49%

162.82

2.40%

23.99

0.35% 6,774.00

100.00%

Settlement Areas:

Private subdivisions, self-built housing sites, public housing areas, socialized housing, resettlement sites, and transient housing facilities comprise the city’s settlement areas. This land use category has an aggregate area of about 1,604.41 hectares and occupies 23.47 percent of the city’s total land area (Figure 6.1). 6.2.2

Production Areas:

Production areas comprise i) SAFDZ, ii) agricultural lands outside the SAFDZ, iii) Agriindustrial/Livestock farm, iv) Industrial Zone, and v) the Commercial/Mix uses. This land use category has an aggregate area of about 4,023.64 hectares and occupies 58.78 percent of the city’s total land area (Figure 6.2).

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6.2.3

Protected Areas:

Protected areas in the city include the following: parks, open space, and buffer zones; rivers, creeks, and swamps; infrastructure ROW, easement/setbacks, and road sidewalks; and the SAFDZs and Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agro-industrial Development (NPAAD). These areas have to be conserved and protected since they enhance the physical endowment of the area, protects human settlement from hazards, and ensures food security, among others. The city’s protected land uses has an aggregate area of about 243.28 hectares and occupies 3.56 percent of the city’s total land area (Figure 6.3). Note that while road and railway ROW and the SAFDZ areas were included in the protected area, they land areas were accounted in infrastructure area and production area, respectively.

6.2.4

Infrastructure Areas:

Under this functional category are all areas of the city that are devoted to major infrastructure and utility systems. The infrastructure types include: economic, social, administrative, utilities and transportation. The aggregate area for this category is about 963.72 hectares which is 14.10 percent of the city’s total land area (Figure 6.4).

6.3 Land Use Policy Framework: Across all four (4) land use policy areas, the concept of integrated water and soil resources management (IWRM) will be implemented. In a nutshell, this development framework aims to preserve the quantity and quality of both water and the soil. The particular concept of IWRM that will be adopted by the City is the WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 6. 5.

During rainy season, our time-tested strategy is to accelerate the removal of surface run-off in our communities. As a consequence, creeks and river channels get easily filled-up leading to deeper and longer floods. In summer, however, drought is the main concern. Water table goes down threatening our shallow water irrigation requirement and even potable water supply. Had we done something to conserve water when it is abundant, this problem may have been CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE (2007-2011)

avoided. As more and more areas are built for urban uses, and therefore paved, less and less water infiltrates into the soil affecting groundwater recharge. As such, the legislative action for the City is to formulate and pass a water sensitive urban design ordinance to cover all four-land use policy areas in line with the IWRSM framework.

6.3.1

Policies on Settlement Areas:

Hereunder are the policies for the different land use activities under the settlement areas:

a. Medium Rise Residential Units - The development of land-saving medium rise condominium type apartments will be promoted in the city. This will contribute in arresting the decline in supply of agricultural lands by going into vertical instead of horizontal construction. Investment incentive such as real property tax holidays will be implemented.

b. Socialized Housing. The city will identify areas for socialized housing and formulate development guidelines permitted uses, open space requirement, firewalls, setbacks, fencing, safety measures, access, drainage and sanitation systems, and parking, among others.

c. Rental & Transient Housing. The demand for houses-for-rent or boarding houses is growing in city. Mall workers, students, and professionals keep on coming in because of the growing service economy. Because of this demand in temporary accommodation, development guidelines for transient housing to ensure their comfort and safety will be formulated. These guidelines will cover minimum room size, maximum occupancy, lighting and ventilation, fire exits and safety equipment, parking and open space, gender-sensitive facilities, among others.

d. Subdivisions. Focus will be given on the proper enforcement and implementation of the provisions of Presidential Decree 957 and Batas Pambansa 220 relative to housing. The minimum requirements for all types of land subdivision and development such as right-ofway, set backs, lot sizes, utilities systems, open space requirement, among others, will be implemented to the dot.

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e. Self-Built. Building regulation will focus on the enforcement of relevant provisions of the National Building Code. The zoning ordinance will provide supplemental guidelines on such requirements as setbacks, firewalls, open space, building height and bulk, etc.

6.3.2

Policies on Production Areas:

Hereunder are the policies on the production areas, as follows:

a. Commercial Areas:

Poblacion Growth Center. The policy is to revive the historical and economic glory of the San Fernando City (P.) Poblacion in order for the Poblacion Growth Center to function as the “City and Provincial Central Business District (CBD).” It shall focus on its competitive advantages, as follows: i)

Basic Education & Higher Learning (Primary, secondary, & tertiary schools)

ii)

Service Center (Food, medicine, entertainment)

iii)

Residential Center (Self built houses and planned communities)

iv)

Commercial Hub (Public market, retail trading)

v)

Institutional Center (City and provincial government center)

vi)

Heritage and tourism destination

However, certain density will be followed as will be detailed in the proposed zoning ordinance. For purposes of reiteration, the following activities should be undertaken by the city to bring back the old glory of the City of San Fernando poblacion, as follows: i)

San Fernando river and local creek clean-up

ii)

Implementation of San Fernando City Flood Control Project

iii)

Road Improvement and Traffic Management in the Poblacion

iv)

Urban Renewal in the Poblacion

v)

Zoning - the idea is to maintain if not reduce the current density in the poblacion and channel future development in identified growth centers & corridors

Regional Central Business District (CBD) Corridor. As a matter of policy, the spatial CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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groupings of Barangays Dolores, San Jose, San Agustin, Del Carmen, Magliman, and San Juan whereby the MacArthur Highway, the North Luzon Expressway, and the Gapan San Fernando Olongapo (GSO) Road form several crossroads will be designated as the Regional CBD and Transportation Hub. It shall serve the entire Central Luzon Region. The allowable uses under this corridor will be stipulated in the Zoning Ordinance. However, the following are stressed: i)

No new road opening shall be allowed to form a crossroad intersection with both GSO road and MacArthur Highway in this corridor. The only allowable, albeit subject to restriction, is T-intersection.

ii)

In order to ensure availability of open space, vertical rather than horizontal construction will be encouraged especially along arterial roads. This means that mix-use commercial and residential medium rise buildings will be promoted.

iii)

Traffic impact study that will focus on how to enhance the level of service of MacArthur Higway and GSO will be a requirement for developers in the Regional CBD area in addition to other requirements as applicable such as environmental impact study. At certain intensity of use, developers will be required to provide parallel service roads to reduce road friction in MacArthur Highway, GSO, and Lazatin Road.

iv)

Pollutive and hazardous industries will not be allowed within the regional CBD.

v)

The required easements and setback will be strictly enforced.

Other Growth Centers and Corridors: The MAIMPIS-SAN ISIDRO-QUEBIAWAN (MSQ) GROWTH CENTER will be thematically known as the “The home to the Central Luzon Regional Government Center.” The City will continue to assist in the development of the area specially in relocating the informal settlers that have occupied the lots of a number of regional line agencies which deterred them from erecting their respective office buildings. However, MSQ will continue as a residential, commercial, service, & manufacturing center.

The presence of manufacturing and industrial firms in this growth center (e.g. San Miguel Corporation, Cosmos Bottling) surrounded by huge residential settlements may encounter CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE (2007-2011)

problems relative to conflicting use in the future. This early, the City should advise them to prepare the mitigating measures.

Since the general policy is to prevent crossroad intersection along MacArthur and GSO road and major roads in the City, the subdivision access road that was established directly opposite of the San Miguel Corporation access road (which formed a crossroad) must be revisited and possibly redesigned or realigned.

The BULAON GROWTH CENTER shall be developed as the “Satellite Urban Center of City San Fernando (P.)” to help decongest the City Poblacion. The level of service of its existing facilities such as the schools (primary secondary), public hospital, public market, utilities (piped water, telephone lines), and recreational facilities, among others, will be further enhanced.

In order to make Bulaon a major player towards achieving this end, the road that links Bulaon to the City proper should be improved. The proposed North-South parallel road must be properly sited relative to the location of Bulaon as well as the connecting east-west lateral roads that will link Bulaon to MacArthur highway. This may pass pass through Malpitic.

The SINDALAN-CALULUT – DELA PAZ CORRIDOR which includes Sindalan, Calulut, Dela Paz Sur, Dela Paz Norte as the core barangays and Del Rosario, Saguin, Lara as influence areas shall have a development theme of “Sustainable Central Township”. It will be promoted as residential, industrial, and commercial development destination alternative to the Poblacion Gorwth Center and Regional CBD Corridor. The remaining agricultural lands in this area will be protected from irrational reclassification/conversion.

Like in the other growth centers and corridors, the minimum setback from the ROW of major thoroughfares of 10 meters for residential, 20 meters for commercial, and 30 meters for industrial will be strictly implemented. Moreover, the crossroad that emerged across MacArthur highway in Sindalan-Del Rosario Boundary may have to be realigned to free this section of MacArthur Highway from congestion.

The tress planted within the ROW of MacArthur Highway negated the benefits that should have been derived when it was widened from two (2) lanes to four (4) lanes. These overgrown trees CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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CITY OF SAN FERNANDO, PAMPANGA COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN AND ZONING ORDINANCE (2007-2011)

(predominantly Acacia) are prone to falling especially during typhoon causing vehicular accidents. Thus, there may be a need to replace these trees with “dwarf” species and those tolerant to pruning. Considering the role trees play in “cleaning” the air and absorbing noises, there may be a need to implement the tree replacement phases. Before the other side will be replaced, the newly planted trees must be allowed to mature first.

The TELABASTAGAN – MALINO – BALITI GROWTH CENTER shall be known as “Northern City Urban – Agri - Industry Triad”. As the name implies, this area will be the urban, agricultural, and industrial expansion of the City in the North. Its remaining agricultural lands will be protected from irrational conversion. It will also act as the industrial expansion area of the City considering its proximity to Angeles Industrial Park (LIP). In order to address possible conflicting use in the future, residential development will be guided away from industrial areas. On the other hand, commercial establishment will be encouraged along the MacArthur Highway but developers will be required to do traffic impact analysis to show how their proposed project may impact on traffic flow and how may correspondingly mitigated. Regarding the acacia trees planted along the ROW of MacArthur Highway, it appears that they are in very stable condition and could withstand strong winds and rain. Nonetheless, tree replacement program should already be started.

b. Industrial Area:

In addition to existing industrial areas, the proposed expansion site is the Telabastagan – Malino – Baliti Growth Center. The City may establish in this place its own industrial park or it may opt to enter into a joint venture with private developers to pump prime manufacturing activity in the city and create more jobs. The industrial zone will cater to light, medium, and heavy industries. To protect the environment, the City will simultaneously formulate its environmental and sanitation policies and enabling ordinances.

c. Strategic Agriculture and Fishery Development Zones (SAFDZ) and Agricultural lands outside SAFDZ Area.

In order to make food affordable in the City, it will produce them on its backyard. Thus, the City will support its farmers and producers especially those in SAFDZ areas, for them to continue CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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producing food crops, fish and livestock and their value-added derivatives. As much as possible, the existing SAFDZ areas will be expanded. Reclassification and conversion will be strictly regulated in agricultural lands outside SAFDZ areas.

d. Tourism Estates: Tourism is one of the industries included in the 2006 Investment Priority Plan (IPP) of the Department of Trade and Industry. By definition, a tourism estate is a large tract of land with defined boundaries suitable for the development into an integrated resort complex with prescribed carrying capacities of tourist facilities and activities such as but not limited to sports and recreational centers, accommodations, convention and cultural facilities, food and beverages outlets, commercial establishments and other special interest and attraction activities/establishments and provided with roads, water supply facilities, power distribution facilities, drainage and sewage systems and other necessary infrastructure and public utilities. The estate shall be under a unified and continuous management, and can either be a component of an economic zone or the whole economic zone itself. Once an area is declared a Tourism Estate and classified as pioneer/non-pioneer, it may be granted income tax holidays. The city will develop a program and implement a program to assist commercial operators register their businesses as tourism estates so that tourism industry in the city will be invigorated and revitalized.

6.3.3

Policies on Protected Areas:

a. Parks and Open Spaces:

The City will identify its network of parks and open spaces and protect them from being utilized into commercial, residential, industrial, and other urban uses. The permitted uses will be defined in the Zoning Ordinance. Open spaces, aside from providing aesthetic, act as the “lungs” of the City as they help reduce pollution. As contained in the proposed comprehensive land use plan, about 21.25 hectares of open spaces were already identified. The City will continue to identify more open spaces to be protected and pass an accompanying local ordinance. This will include but not limited to the following areas: CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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i)

All areas under the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ);

ii)

Rivers, creeks, swamps, and other water bodies;

iii)

Cemeteries and memorial parks;

iv)

Areas for passive and active recreation;

v)

City and provincial parks;

vi)

Neighborhood parks and playgrounds;

vii)

Residential, commercial, and industrial open spaces

viii)

Roads and highways providing scenic view;

ix)

Natural and man-made landmarks;

x)

Buffer strips between conflicting uses;

xi)

Easements and setbacks; and

xii)

Planting strips, road islands, and sidewalks

b. Easements of Public Use:

Article 51 of the Philippine Water Code (PD1067) provides that “the banks of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas, and forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use in the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in this zone longer than what is necessary for recreation, navigation, floatage, or salvage or to build structures of any kind.” All legal easements will form part of the city’s open spaces and all non-conforming uses shall be subject to the mitigating measures to be provided in the zoning ordinance.

c. Environmentally-Constrained Areas:

Unless otherwise provided with mitigating engineering solutions, development will be prohibited in environmentally constrained areas in order to ensure public safety. Examples of these areas include those near rivers and creeks, swampy areas, low-lying areas, and lahar flow susceptible areas. CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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d. Protected Agricultural Lands:

The city’s protected agriculture and fishery lands (SFDZ) shall not be converted into urban land uses and those agricultural lands outside SFDZ shall also be protected from illegal and irrational conversion. Reclassification guidelines will strictly follow the provisions of AFMA law, the Local Government Code of 1991, and the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, among other laws. Department of Agriculture (DA) Administrative Order No. 2, Series of 2002 summarizes the process of agricultural land classification and conversion as shown in Figure 6.6.

e. Swamps:

The city has about 113.03 hectares swampy areas located barangays San Felipe, San Juan and San Pedro. Since wetlands perform important ecological function such as natural water impounding basin and wildlife sanctuary, these swamps will form part of the city’s open space and protected form urban expansion.

f.

National Road Easements:

Presidential Decree 705 or the Forestry Code mandates a 20-meter regulatory setback from the edge of the ROW of national roads. DWPH road standards, on the other hand, provides minimum setback from the ROW of major thoroughfares of 10 meters for residential, 20 meters for commercial, and 30 meters for industrial. This shall be strictly followed and accordingly incorporated in the zoning ordinance.

g. Tourist Sites, Parks, and Historical Places:

The City is a witness to, and a participant on how our history was defined. This has to be relived in the present and exported into the future. As such, protection and conservation will be done in these areas, as follows:

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i)

Hilaga Northern Philippines (Formerly Paskuhan Village

ii)

Metropolitan Cathedral of San Fernando

iii)

Pampanga Provincial Capitol

iv)

City Hall of San Fernando

v)

Macario Arnedo Park

vi)

First Concrete Pavement Marker - Baluyut Bridge

vii)

Pampanga Hotel

viii)

Leaning Tower

ix)

San Fernando Train Station

x)

Other Sites and Attractions

6.3.4

Policies on Infrastructure Areas:

b. Economic Infrastructure:

i) Public Markets – In order to decongest the poblacion, there is a need to develop public markets in the different growth centers. The market located in Sindalan may have to be improved.

ii) Slaughterhouse – The existing slaughterhouse of the City established through BOT is very laudable. The facility was established in accordance with the requirements of the National Meat Inspection Commission and related requirements of the Department of Agriculture. The sustainable operation of this facility should be ensured. c. Social Infrastructure:

i) Non-Formal Educational (NFE) Facilities – More NFE facilities or trade schools will be established in the city.

ii) Public Schools – Because of growing student population, there may be a need to acquire additional land for expansion of existing school facilities in the City. Integration of pre-schools into the formal elementary educational system should also be done in all public elementary schools. The secondary school campuses should also CHAPTER 6 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Policy Framework

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be upgraded. The Special Education Fund (SEF) may be utilized for the development of new school facilities.

iii) Private Schools – Expansion of private schools will be promoted to augment the limited resources of the government. New sites will be planned and developed in accordance with the National Building Code and Department of Education (DepEd) campus planning and design standards.

iv) Day Care Centers – It will be ensured that each barangay in the City will be provided with a day care center. Existing facilities will be improved.

v) Health Centers – Existing health centers will be upgraded and their number increased in order to make health care and medical services and facilities accessible to all the local residents.

vi) Public Libraries - A program to put up and modernize existing public libraries in the city will be established.

vii) Public Assembly Areas –The City should establish such facility and be managed by the General Services Office (GSO).

viii) Memorial Parks and Cemeteries – The setting up of condominium type grave sites and a crematorium within the city should be encouraged. ix) Sports and Recreational Facilities – This community facility will be established in all growth centers.

d. Administrative Infrastructure:

i) Regional Government Center – As host to the Regional Government Center located in Maimpis, the City will assist in the development of the area particularly in relocating informal settlers that have been blighting the area since the early ‘90s.

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ii) Barangay Halls – There shall be a multi-purpose barangay hall in every Barangay.

iii) Public Order and Safety Offices – Fire protection and peace and order facilities in the City will be upgraded and modernized.

iv) Solid Waste Management Facility – The current 10 hectare controlled dumpsite located in Barangay Lara should graduate into a sanitary landfill as mandated by the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. And expansion site within the premises of the existing facility should be done this early. No urban activities should be allowed to develop within the premises to avoid conflicting uses.

e. Utilities and Transportation:

i) Arterial Roads – There will be a program for road ROW clean-up to free them from encroachment. A minimum lateral access to arterial roads at an interval of 750 meters will be enforced. No crossroad intersection will be allowed other than those roads under the same, or one level below the category. Collector and distributor roads may be allowed to form T-intersection with the national arterial roads. However, a traffic impact study should be provided by the developer or project proponent.

ii) Collector Roads – A minimum lateral access along proposed collector roads to be not less than 250 meters will be enforced and generally, only a collector road will connect to an arterial road. iii) Distributor Roads – They will generally connect to the collector road but not directly to the arterial road.

iv) Subdivision Roads – Subdivision developers will be compelled to connect their main subdivision access road only to collector and distributor roads.

v) Service roads – Establishment of parallel service roads will be a required especially to developments along major roads.

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vi) Street Fixture – Standards for street furniture and traffic signages, among others will be provided in all roads.

vii) Bus and Transportation Terminals – These facilities will be strategically sited in the city and ensure that they will not contribute to congestion of major thoroughfares.

viii) Parking Facilities – The LGU will formulate its own local standards on the provision of parking.

ix)

Sewerage System – there may be a need to enact local sanitation ordinance to protect the groundwater quality of the City which is under the threat of a growing population.

x) Drainage System and Flood Control Facilities – The local drainage system of the City especially in the Poblacion should be improved. Total clean –up of the San Fernando River from lahar siltation, wastes, and encroachment should be done. Creeks and other water channels will also be included in the clean-up operation.

xi) Power Supply and Distribution – In view of increasing cost of electricity, which in some extent, is brought by pilferage, the City and the local electric utility should join hands in curbing this problem.

xii) Telecommunication – Regulation will focus on the location of cell sites for public health and safety considerations.

xiii)

Water Supply and Distribution System – In coordination with the National Water Resources Board (NWRB), the City shall monitor groundwater extraction in the City in order to avoid abstraction beyond sustainable limit. As contained in the study by the DPWH and JICA in 2002, San Fernando City is subsiding at the rate of 10 millimeters per year. According to a study by National Institute for Geological Sciences (NIGS) of the University of the Philippines, ground subsidence is correlated to groundwater extraction. Thus, this issue should be addressed through strict regulation of ground water utilization.

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As regards to piped water distribution, efforts should be made by the local water utility to cover all the Barangays in the City within the planning period (2007-2011). Systems loss from pilferage should be put to the minimum and shall not be automatically passed onto the consumers.

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